考研英语(二)模拟试卷152.doc

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2021考研英语(二)模拟试卷答案

2021考研英语（二）模拟试卷答案1．【答案】［c］spring[分析]语境意义问题。

文章开头的第一句话说，“目前，在世界上数千所商学院中，很难找到一所认为企业家的技能不是由学校教授的（也就是说，几乎所有的学校都声称他们可以教学生成为企业家的技能）”。

接下来，作者使用定语从句引出下一句话，“当人们想到企业家时，他们脑海中的第一个字符是……”。

这里的正确答案应该是一个动词，意思是“跳进，跳进人们的头脑”，所以正确答案是[C]“跳进，跳进”。

虽然[a]项也可以说“把它带到大脑”，但这里应该是被动语态；同样，项[b]callomid也应该是一个人作为主语D）项appl y to“application，application，application”，这不符合上下文语义内容。

虽然有几个干扰项在词语搭配中是有意义的，但它们要么是语音错误，要么是语义不通。

2．【答案】［b］deliver3.[答][答]的确如此【解析】上下文逻辑题。

文章上文提到很多著名的企业家只不过在商学院做过演讲，而下文指出：“伦敦国王学院的一项最新研究表明了许多人从直觉上产生的______：即成为企业家的技能可能实际上是血液中带来的（即：是遗传的）”。

因此，上下文之间的逻辑关系应该是进一步确认，即正确答案应该选择［a］“的确，确实”。

而［b］项likewise“同样地”、［c］项therefore“因此，所以”、［d］项furthermore“此外，而且”都不符合上下文语意内容，构成的逻辑关系不合理，所以均为干扰项。

4.【答案】【D】嫌疑人【解析】动词辨析题。

文章指出：“伦敦国王学院的一项最新研究表明了许多人从直觉上产生的______：即成为企业家的技能可能实际上是血液中带来的（即：是遗传的）”。

根据所给的四个选项，我们可以判断出来，这个问题的正确答案是［d］“怀疑，猜想”。

其他选项［a］项conclude“断定，得出结论”，表达的是一种确定的结论；［b］项assume“假定，设想”表达的是一种假想；［c］项neglect“忽视，忽略”，表达的是固有的因素而没有被考虑到。

考研英语(二)模拟试卷

2010考研英语（二）模拟试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Among the thousands of business schools now operating around the world you would be hard-pressed to find one that doesn't believe it can teach the skills of entrepreneurship. However, of the people who immediately 1 to mind when one thinks of entrepreneurs——Bill Gates, Richard Branson or Oprah Winfrey, for example—few have done more than 2 a speech at a business school. 3 , a recent study by King's College in London has suggested what many intuitively 4 : that entrepreneurship may actually be in the blood—more to do with genes than classroom experience. All of which5 the question—does an entrepreneur really need a business-school education?Not surprisingly some of the best-known schools in the field have a 6 answer to this: they don't actually profess to create entrepreneurs, 7 they nurture innate ability. Or as Timothy Faley of the entrepreneurial institute at Michigan's Ross School of Business 8 it: “A good idea is not enough. You need to know how to 9 a good idea into a good business.”Schools do this in a number of ways. One is to 10 that faculty are a mix of classic academics and businesspeople with experience of 11 their own successful firms. They can also create “incubators” where students 12 ideas and rub shoulders on a day-to-day basis with the external business world, receiving both advice and hard cash in the form of investment.Arguably such help is now more important than ever. The modern entrepreneur is faced with a more 13 world than when Richard Branson began by selling records outof a phone box. According to Patrice Houdayer, head of one of Europe's best-known entrepreneurship schools, EMIYON in France, new businesses used to move through a 14 series of growth steps—what he terms garage, local, national and international. Now however, 15 the communications revolution, they can leapfrog these stages and go global more or less straightaway—encountering a whole new 16 of problems and challenges. In this 17 Professor Houdayer maintains that the increasingly 18 nature of MBA classes can help the nascent entrepreneur in three ways: by plugging them into an international network of contacts and advisors, by preparing them for the pitfalls and opportunities 19 with dealing across different cultures and by 20 them to the different ways that business is conducted around the globe.1．［A］bring ［B］call ［C］spring ［D］apply2．［A］report ［B］deliver ［C］prepare ［D］compose3．［A］Indeed ［B］Likewise ［C］Therefore ［D］Furthermore4．［A］conclude ［B］assume ［C］neglect ［D］suspect5．［A］stirs ［B］arouses ［C］proves ［D］invites6．［A］ready ［B］unique ［C］positive ［D］favorable7．［A］yet ［B］rather ［C］nor ［D］nevertheless8．［A］states ［B］makes ［C］puts ［D］interprets9．［A］shift ［B］transfer ［C］modify ［D］transform10．［A］ensure ［B］assure ［C］affirm ［D］enlighten11．［A］carrying on ［B］setting up ［C］working out ［D］turning around1 2. ［A］convey ［B］cherish ［C］nurture ［D］impart13．［A］complex ［B］complicated ［C］complementary ［D］fantastic14．［A］variable ［B］obvious ［C］imperative ［D］distinct15．［A］thanks to ［B］but for ［C］for all ［D］next to1 6. ［A］bulk ［B］host ［C］set ［D］magnitude1 7. ［A］position ［B］context ［C］perspective ［D］dimension18．［A］similar ［B］differential ［C］diverse ［D］versatile1 9. ［A］interacted ［B］combined ［C］confronted ［D］associated20．［A］entitling ［B］exposing ［C］leading ［D］committing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1What's a label worth? A lot, it seems. Michael Hiscox and Nicholas Smyth, two Harvard University researchers, conducted an experiment on two sets of towels in an upmarket New York shop. One lot carried a label with the logo “Fair and Square” and the following message: These towels have been made under fair labour conditions, in a safe and healthy working environment which is free of discrimination, and where management has committed to respecting the rights and dignity of workers.The other set had no such label. Over five months, the researchers observed the impact of making various changes such as switching the label to the other set of towels and raising prices. The results were striking: not only did sales of towels increase when they carried the Fair and Square label, they carried on increasing each time the price was raised.No wonder companies are keen to appeal to ethically （i.e. morally）minded consumers, whether on labour standards or green credentials. Timberland, a New Hampshire outdoor-gear company, is introducing detailed "Green Index” labels on its shoes. Tesco, M＆S and Wal-Mart have all launched initiatives that bet on the rise of the ethical consumer.M＆S estimates that about three-quarters of British consumers are interested in the green theme in some way. But even the keenest ethical consumer faces complicated situations, and sometimes the apparently obvious ethical choice turns out to be the wrong one. Surely it must be greener for Britons to buy roses from the Netherlands than onesair-freighted from Kenya? In fact, a study showed that related green house gas to the Dutch roses to be six times as large because they had to be grown in heated greenhouses.Joel Makower, editor of , says that, given a choice, most consumers will choose the greener product—provided it does not cost any more, comes from a trusted maker, requires no special effort to buy or use and is at least as good as the alternative. “That's almost an impossible barrier for any product,” he notes.So shoppers will still flock to shops selling cheap products of decent quality, ignoring how these are made. They will often buy more if a product is attractively presented, never mind that the packaging may be wasteful. And when companies try to do the right thing, consumers will not always go along with them.The lesson for companies is that selling green is hard work. And it is no good getting too far ahead of the customer. Half a step ahead is about right. Much more, and you won't sell. Any less, and you won't lead.21．The experiment on the towels indicated that ______.［A］consumers liked to purchase labeled products［B］consumers would buy goods when prices rose［C］consumption was influenced by green labels［D］ethical concern may influence consumption22．According to the text, consumers’ ethical choice ______.［A］determines the production of commodities［B］forces companies to sell green products only［C］leads companies to modify business activities［D］leads to higher labour and green standards23．We may infer from the fourth paragraph that ______.［A］green buying may be at higher environment cost［B］green production is actually complicated business［C］Dutch rose growth is greener than Kenya ones［D］British consumers actually oppose green farming24．According to Joel Makower, most consumers will ______.［A］buy greener products when given a choice［B］reject greener products for various reasons［C］pay more attention to the price of a product［D］refuse to follow the activities of companies25．Companies may learn the lesson that ______.［A］it is not worthwhile leading the customers［B］the customers are not easily to be misled［C］green policy is not effective for marketing［D］companies need a balanced green policyText 2There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.26．What is the main purpose of the passage?［A］To outline contrasting types of economic.［B］To explain the science of economic systems.［C］To argue for the superiority of one economic system.［D］To compare barter and money-exchange markets.27．In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by which of the following?［A］High quality. ［B］Concrete.［C］Utter. ［D］Authentic.28．According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to ______.［A］rapid speed of transactions［B］misunderstandings［C］inflation［D］difficulties for the traders29．According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?［A］Individual households. ［B］Small businesses.［C］Major corporations. ［D］The government.30．Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person's place in a traditional society?［A］Family background. ［B］Age.［C］Religious beliefs. ［D］Custom.Text 3If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer（CEO）. By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resources management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese of German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany（as they do）, the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.31．Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?［A］They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.［B］They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business.［C］They attach more importance to workers than equipment.［D］They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.32．What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?［A］He is one of the most important executives in the firms.［B］His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.［C］He is directly under the chief financial executive.［D］He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.33．The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ______.［A］workers who can operate new equipment［B］technological and managerial staff［C］workers who lack basic background skills［D］top executives34．According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is ______.［A］the introduction of new technologies［B］the improvement of worker's basic skills［C］the rational composition of professional and managerial employees［D］the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees35．What is the main idea of the passage?［A］American firms are different from Japanese and German firms inhuman-resource management.［B］Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management.［C］The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy.［D］The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.Text 4The public holiday on the last Monday of August marks, in most British minds, the unofficial end of summer. A vast migration takes place, as millions take advantage of the long weekend to visit seaside resorts or fly to Europe in a final sun-seeking cheer. Once the festivities are over, gloom descends: workers face four months of uninterrupted labor until Christmas Eve, their next official day off.This depression often provokes calls for more public holidays, and this year the clamor has been louder than usual. David Cameron's new Conservatives have been forced to deny rumors that they would recommend three new public holidays. Earlier in the summer, two ministers suggested a worthy sounding “Britain Day”, intended to inspire civil pride. On August 27th the Institute for Public Policy Research, a worthy think-tank, called for a new day off to “celebrate community heroes”.To the idlers, the case for more time off looks persuasive. By European standards at least, Britain is a nation of workaholics, with only the Austrians labouring as many hours per week. Workers are entitled to 20 working days of leave a year, the European Union's required minimum. Other countries are more generous. France and Denmark give at least 25 days in leave, and many Finns get 30. Britons celebrate a miserably eight national holidays a year; in Europe only the Romanians, with five, have fewer. Even significant national events are celebrated grudgingly. ：the British were given two days off to celebrate the queen's Golden Jubilee in 2002, but had to forfeit an existing public holiday to make up for it.National holidays are illogical as well as scarce. The queen's official birthday（a moveable holiday unrelated to her date of birth）is seen as a good excuse for a holiday inmost of Britain's former colonies, but not in Her Majesty's homeland. Distribution is also badly distorted: seven of the eight holidays fall between December and May, leaving only August's to break up the rest of the year.There are plenty of things that a new holiday might celebrate. Patriots suggest that England should honour St George（the patron saint of the place）, just as Scotland takes time off for St Andrew. The historically minded argue for a Magna Carta（The charter of liberties）day, whereas the politically correct suggest holidays celebrating “communities” and “volunteering”.Sadly, not everyone is keen on increasing public holidays. The CBI, a business lobbying group, points out that legal leave is already planned to rise to 28 working days by 2009, and says that an extra public holiday would cost up to ￡6 billion（$ 12.1 billion）. In the face of such tough objections, concerns about leisure and the quality of life may seem vague and idealistic.36．What is the passage mainly talking about?［A］Different attitudes towards public holidays in Britain.［B］The increase of national holidays in Britain.［C］The problem of public holidays in Britain.［D］The call for more public holidays in Britain.37．The calls for more public holidays in Britain could be the results of ______.［A］the economic depression［B］the 4-month work without a rest［C］the long wait for an official day off［D］recommendation of two ministers38．What does the word “workaholics” most probably mean（Line 2, Paragraph 3）?［A］Compulsive workers.［B］Idle workers.［C］Lazy workers.［D］Irrational workers.39．According to the passage, the increase of British working days of leave ______.［A］is supported by all British people［B］is planned by CBI to be carried out by 2009［C］is challenged by some opponents［D］is likely to result in economic recession40．Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the text?［A］From June to December, there is only one British national holiday.［B］British national holidays are unsatisfactory for the quantity and the allocation.［C］The queen’s official birthday is celebrated in England.［D］People suggest new holidays for their own convenience.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Most people may drink only two liters of water a day, but they consume about3,000 liters a day if the water that goes into their food is taken into account. The rich gulp down far more, since they tend to eat more meat, which takes far more water to produce than grains. So as the world's population grows and incomes rise, farmers will need a great deal more water to keep everyone fed: 2,000 more cubic kilometers a year by 2030, according to the International Water Management Institute（IWMI）. Yet in many farming regions, water is scarce and likely to get scarcer as global warming worsens. The world is facing not so much a food crisis as a water crisis, argues Colin Chartres, IWMI'sdirector-general.The solution, Mr Chartres and others contend, is more efficient use of water or, as the sloganeers put it, “more crop per drop”. Some 1.2 billion people live in places that are short of water. Farming accounts for roughly 70% of human water consumption. So when water starts to run out, farming tends to offer the best potential for thrift. But governments rarely charge farmers a market price for water. So they are usually more wasteful than other consumers—even though the value they create from the water is often less than households or industry would be willing to pay for it.The pressing need is to make water go further. Antoine Frérot, the head of the water division of Veolia Environment, promotes recycling of city wastewater to be used in industry or agriculture. This costs less and cuts pollution.Yet as Mr Frérot himself concedes, there are many even cheaper ways to save water. As much as 70% of water used by farmers never gets to crops, perhaps lost through leaky irrigation channels or by draining into rivers or groundwater. Investment in drip irrigation, or simply repairing the worst leaks, could bring huge savings.Farmers in poor countries can usually afford such things only if they are growing cash crops, says David Molden of IWMI. Even basic kit such as small rainwater tanks can be lacking. Ethiopia, for example, has only 38 cubic meters of storage capacity per inhabitant, compared to almost 5,000 in Australia. Yet modest water storage can hugely improve yields in rain-fed agriculture, by smoothing over short dry spells. Likewise, pumping water into natural aquifers for seasonal storage tends to be much cheaper than building a big dam, and prevents the great waste of water through evaporation.Agronomists are beginning to devise tools to help monitor the efficiency of water use. Some have designed algorithms that use satellite data on surface temperatures to calculate the rate at which plants are absorbing and transpiring water. That allows governments and development agencies to concentrate their efforts on the most prodigal areas.Raising yields does not always involve greater water consumption, especially when farms are inefficient. It would take little extra water to double cereal output in many parts of Africa, Mr Molden argues. IWMI reckons that some three-quarters of the extra food the world needs could be provided simply by bringing yields in poor countries closer to those of rich ones. That is more realistic than the absolute alternative: giving up meat and other thirsty products altogether.［A］cultivating cashcrops41．The world is meeting with challenges more from ［B］leaking irrigationsystem 42．Farmers waste more water due to ［C］expenses andefficiency43．Farmers in poor countries can pay for irrigation improvement by［D］surface temperature data44．Building big dams is less effective for their ［E］low water price 45．The water use rate of plants is computed with ［F］water shortage［G］food crisisPart CDirections:In this section there is a text in English. Translate the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points ）The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product or use a service.Advertising as a business developed most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest extent. In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or approximately 2 percent of the gross national product.While advertising brings the economics of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal sales people. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers.Section III WritingPart A47Write a letter to invite your best friend Jane to take part in your mother's 60-year-old birthday and inform her of your arrangement.Begin your letter as follows:Dear Jane,You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name, using "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. In your essay, you should1）describe the table and,2）state your opinions drawn from it.You should write at least 150 words.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）Financial Sources of College StudentsFinancial Sources American students Chinese students Parents 50％90％Part-time jobs 35％5％Scholarship 15％5％。

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟训练卷(2)

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟训练卷（2）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Exposure to UV radiation is the main cause of the most common forms of skin cancer. And one of the most effective ways to 1it, of course, is sunscreen. “Any conversation on sunscreen must start with acknowledging that there is 2 evidence that it prevents skin cancer,”says Richard Weller, honorary consultant dermatologist at the University of Edinburgh. This is why, although skin cancer is rising in some countries, it’s decreasing in others—particularly those that have raised the most 3around the importance of using sunscreen. But some researchers have raised concerns that, despite being an 4 important tool in our fight against skin cancer, the 5 of sunscreen may need to be improved to contain safer ingredients—and, at worst, some sunscreens could be damaging our health. Earlier this year the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—one of the two main global regulators of sunscreen ingredients around the world 6the European Commission—714 of the 16 chemicals found in sunscreens from its “generally accepted as safe and effective” category. Two types of UV filters can be used for sunscreen. The most commonly used are known as organic filters, which absorb UV radiation and 8 it into safer radiation. Inorganic UV filters like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide—which are broadly considered safe—9 UV radiation away from the skin. It’s long been 10 that some organic filters are absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream. This alone doesn’t mean sunscreen is unsafe, but there is growing focus on the potential 11effects of the most common UV filter worldwide:oxybenzone. In one study from 2015, researchers studied 500 couples who were trying to 12 and found that female partners with higher concentrations of oxybenzone had a 30% lower chance of getting pregnant. There are also 13that sunscreen prevents the human body from making vitamin D, which we mostly get from sun exposure. After all, vitamin D deficiency might be more 14than we think—could sunscreen use be to blame? It shouldn’t be a major cause, says Rachel Neale, associate professor at QIMR Berghofer. “The 15 of sunburn is different to vitamin D production, and there is a 16of evidence suggesting that using sunscreen doesn’t seem to influence vitamin D levels much,” says Neale. Concerns around sunscreen blocking vitamin D production also may be 17 because so few people use sunscreen correctly. It’s 18 we put two mg/cm2 on our skin, around six teaspoons. Most people 19 around a quarter of that, he says. For those concerned about potential effects of UV filters being absorbed into your skin, a sunscreen containing inorganic filters may be the better 20.1. 【完形填空】第1题选A. respondB. avoidC. flipD. recall正确答案：B2. 【完形填空】第2题选A. robustB. intenseC. nastyD. maximum正确答案：A3. 【完形填空】第3题选A. limitationB. awarenessC. stimulation第 2 页共 22 页D. promotion正确答案：B4. 【完形填空】第4题选A. uncertainlyB. unacceptablyC. undeniablyD. unaccountably正确答案：C5. 【完形填空】第5题选A. procedureB. versionC. analysisD. formulation正确答案：D6. 【完形填空】第6题选A. alongsideB. despiteC. therebyD. thus正确答案：A7. 【完形填空】第7题选A. slippedB. removedC. degradedD. altered正确答案：B8. 【完形填空】第8题选A. convertB. constructC. confirmD. contrast正确答案：A9. 【完形填空】第9题选A. reflectB. revolveC. reformD. resist正确答案：A10. 【完形填空】第10题选A. affectedB. applaudedC. establishedD. expressed正确答案：C11. 【完形填空】第11题选A. promisingB. optimisticC. adverseD. devastating正确答案：C12. 【完形填空】第12题选A. conceiveB. perceiveC. receiveD. deceive正确答案：A13. 【完形填空】第13题选A. conditions第 4 页共 22 页B. concernsC. conclusionsD. confessions正确答案：B14. 【完形填空】第14题选A. rareB. prosperousC. infectiousD. prevalent正确答案：D15. 【完形填空】第15题选A. mechanismB. mechanicsC. machineryD. mechanization正确答案：A16. 【完形填空】第16题选A. transitionB. bodyC. combinationD. scale正确答案：B17. 【完形填空】第17题选A. overstatedB. overreactedC. overachievedD. overlooked正确答案：A18. 【完形填空】第18题选A. informedB. statedC. advisedD. interfered正确答案：C19. 【完形填空】第19题选A. addB. accumulateC. assumeD. apply正确答案：D20. 【完形填空】第20题选A. explorationB. demonstrationC. optionD. evolution正确答案：C下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

(完整版)2018考研英语二模拟试卷2及答案

英语（二）模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America.The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week.Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 .The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y.The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise10. [A] despite [B] given [C] although [D] hence11. [A] unveiled [B] discovered [C] exposed [D] revealed12. [A] violated [B] assaulted [C] resisted [D] betrayed13. [A] informed [B] entrust [C] imparted [D] confided14. [A] available [B] retrievable [C] reversible [D] inaccessible15. [A] constitute [B] correspond [C] confirm [D] conceive16. [A] involves [B] strikes [C] embarrasses [D] attacks17. [A] turn down [B] cut down [C] play down [D] bring down18. [A] overshadowing [B] overlooking [C] overtaking [D] overthrowing19. [A] expert [B] external [C] formal [D] automatic20. [A] and [B] but [C] thus [D] despiteSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections :Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)Text 1Most American movies are produced in Hollywood, California. Hollywood, which is actually not a separate city but a part of Los Angeles, is an ideal spot for the movie industry. The sun shines most of the time, and the climate is mild. Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours’ drive.Hollywood becomes the center of national attention one evening a year－Academy Award night. At the Academy Award presentation held each spring, statuettes called Oscars are given to film industry winners in dozens of categories, including best actor, best actress, and best picture. The winners are chosen by members of the industry before the ceremony, but their names are kept secret until presentation night, when they are announced in a long, nationally televised program.Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II, when television captured much of the movie audience. Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offered much the same type of entertainment as television does. With free entertainment in their homes, many Americans simply stopped going to movies. Between 1946 and 1956, movie attendance was cut in half. At the same time, production costs zoomed. The movie industry was in trouble.The industry adjusted itself in a number of ways. Movie companies rented sound stages to TV companies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmed many of them overseas. To lure audiences, the industry invested in new lenses, wider screens, and stereophonic sound. Studios also began producing kinds of entertainment that could not be offered by TV-films with controversial or shocking themes, films with huge casts and lavish settings. As a result of these changes, today the American motion picture industry is thriving.21.What makes Hollywood a great place for American movie industry according to the passage?[A] A famous part of Los Angeles[B] Favorable natural and traffic conditions[C] Natural scenery with mild climate and the shining sun[D] A great industrial base of American22.Which one about Oscars is correct according to the passage?[A] It is the name of a great film figure[B] It is given to World Academy Award in America each year[C] It is a yearly honor to winners in movie industry[D] It doesn’t produce until Academy Award night in each spring23.Why did many Americans like entertaining in homes instead of going to cinema after World War II?[A] Because the quality of film was becoming worse and worse[B] Because Hollywood movies couldn’t offer entertainment similar to television[C] Because the movie industry was in trouble for expensive production cost[D] Because TV’s popularity made them enjoy without paying24.What does the word “zoomed” (in the last sentence of the third paragraph) mean?[A] Moved along very quickly[B] Rose upward into the air[C] Increased high in price[D] Moved with a low humming noise25.The movie industry tried many methods to lure audiences except__________.[A] building commercial relationship with TV companies[B] improving its basic equipment[C] producing films with famous stars in low cost[D] offering types of entertainment different from TVText2The Arctic Ocean has given up tens of thousands more square kilometers of ice in a relentless summer of melt, with scientists watching through satellite eyes for a possible record low polar ice cap.From the barren Arctic shore of a village in Canada’s far northwest, veteran observer Eddie Gruben has seen the summer ice retreating more each decade as the world has warmed. By this weekend the ice edge lay 128 kilometers at sea, but forty years ago, it was 64 kilometers out. Global average temperatures rose 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, but Arctic temperatures rose twice as much or even faster, almost certainly in large part because of manmade greenhouse gases, researchers say. In late July the mercury soared to almost 86 degrees Fahrenheit in this settlement of 900 Arctic Eskimos.As of Thursday, the U.S. National Snow and Ice Date Center reported, the polar ice cap extended over 6.75 million square kilometers after having shrunk an average 106,000 square kilometers a day in July—equivalent to one Indiana or three Belgiums daily. The rate of melt was similar to that of July 2007, the year when the ice cap dwindled to a record minimum extent of 4.3 million square kilometers in September. In its latest analysis, NSIDC said Arctic atmospheric conditions this summer have been similar to those of the summer of 2007, including a high-pressure ridge that produced clear skies and strong melt in the Beaufort Sea, the arm of the Arctic Ocean off northern Alaska and northwestern Canada.Scientists say the makeup of the frozen polar sea has shifted significantly the past few years,as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctic’s dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and summer. The past few years have “signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate,” Meier said. Ironically, the summer melts since 2007 appear to have allowed disintegrating but still thick multiyear ice to drift this year into the relatively narrow channels of the Northwest Passage. Usually, impassable channels had been relatively ice-free the past two summers.Observation satellites’remote sensors will tell researchers in September whether the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record. Then the sun will begin to slip below the horizon for several months, and temperatures plunging in the polar darkness will freeze the surface of the sea again, leaving this and other Arctic coastlines in the grip of ice. Most of the sea ice will be new, thinner and weaker annual formations, however.At a global conference last March in Copenhagen, scientists declared that climate change is occurring faster than had been anticipated, citing the fast-dying Arctic cap as one example. A month later, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted Arctic summers could be almost ice-free within 30 years, not at the century’s end earlier predicted.26.The word “retreating” (Line2, Paragraph2) most probably means________.[A] withdrawing [B] moving back[C] melting [D] treating again27.We may infer from Paragraph 2 and 3 that____________.[A] rising Arctic temperatures result completely from manmade greenhouse gases[B] the summer ice edge was 192 kilometers at sea 40 years ago[C] the polar ice cap was over 6.87million square kilometers in July[D] the ice cap reduced to a record low minimum extent in July28.We may know that summer melts made____________.[A] some impassable channels covered by ice[B] no contribution to the makeup change of polar ice[C] thin ice become multiyear ice[D] the world climate change its character29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that____________.[A] scientists predicted future climate changes accurately[B] the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record[C] the future ice may be annually formed thinness[D] Arctic summers couldn’t be ice-free until next century30.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] Arctic ice lowers to its smallest size[B] Arctic ice disappears under summer sun[C] Why Arctic ice disappears soon[D] Arctic ice closely relates to climate changesText3The classic American identity theft scam works like this: the thief convinces some bank or credit card company he’s actually you and borrows God knows how many dollars in your name. Once you discover and report this, you’re not liable for money the bank lost, but neither are you entitled to compensation for the time and effort you spend straightening the matter out. Bear inmind that when I say “the thief convinces the bank he’s you”, I’m not talking about a brilliant actor and master of disguise who imitates your voice and mannerisms well enough to fool your own mother. No, all that’s necessary to fool a bank is your birth date and US social security number, or just discarded credit card offer taken from your bin.Why are lenders so careless with their money? The snarky answer is: because they know taxpayers will bail them out. But identity theft was a problem in America long before phrases like “too big to fail” entered our vocabulary. I became an identity-theft statistic nine years ago, when I opened my mail to find a bill for a maxed- out credit card I never knew I had. I spent over two weeks cleaning the mess: filing police reports, calling the company, sitting on hold, getting disconnected and calling back to sit on hold again. Considering my salary back then, I spent over a thousand dollars’ worth of my time and wasn't entitled to a penny in damages.It all could easily have been avoided, had the company made a minimal effort to ensure they were loaning money to me rather than my dishonest doppelganger. So why didn't they? Because that would take time -at least a day or two. And if people had to wait a day between applying for and receiving credit, on-the-spot loans would be impossible. Every major retail chain in America pushes these offers: “Apply for a store credit card and receive 15% off your first purchase!” From the lenders’ perspective, writing off a few bad ID-theft debts is cheaper than losing the lucrative “impulse buyer” market.But that would change if companies had to pay damages to identity theft victims. Should they have to? The supreme court of the state of Maine is currently pondering that question. In March 2008 the Hannaford supermarket chain announced that hackers broke into their database and stole the credit card information of over 4 million customers, some of whom sued Hannaford for damages. None of the customers lost money, of course, but they felt-as I did-that their time and effort are worth something too.It’s too early to know how the court will rule, but I’ll make a prediction anyway: nothing will ch ange from the consumers’ perspective, and protecting lenders from their own bad habits will continue to be our unpaid job. When the worldwide economic meltdown started, I naively thought the subsequent tightening of credit lines would at least make identity theft less of a problem than before. But I was just being silly.31.After suffering from identity theft, you_____________.[A] should pay for money the bank lost[B] are required to report to your bank immediately[C] have to assume the cost of getting your identity back[D] won’t have to take any loss caused by it32.What’s the real meaning of “too big to fail” in para. 2?[A] Leaders are so big that they couldn’t fail at all.[B] Leaders won’t pay for their loaning carelessness.[C] Leaders are big enough to pay for any large loans.[D] America is big enough to solve any problems.33. The 3rd paragraph mainly talks about___________.[A] Why companies take efforts to avoid identity theft[B] The reason of companies’ effortlessness to help avoid identity theft[C] The reason of taking time to solve the problem of identity theft[D] The cause of companies offering on-the-spot loans34. The example in the 4th paragraph is cited to show that________.[A] Companies have paid for damages to identity theft victims[B] Customers often suffer from identity theft in America[C]Companies should be responsible for identity theft[D]Companies often suffer from identity theft in America35. What’s the author’s attitude to current solutions to identity theft?[A] Disappointed [B] Confident[C] Complicated [D] OptimisticText4Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.That does not mean that Americans are getting the world's best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice have been compiling the “Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care”, using Medicare data to compare health-spending patterns in different regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades' experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possible—and not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope.But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someone's life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.Dr Byock's writing style is not everybody's cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.36. According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from[A] Americans' failure to admit death as part of their life[B] doctors' inclination to overtreat the patient[C] a culture that is obsessed with youth and health[D] a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients37. The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical practice to illustrate that[A] the medical care quality differs widely from region to region[B] there is little that hospitals can do in saving people's lives[C] a lot of medical resources are wasted[D] the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness38. The central idea of Ira Byock's book is to appeal to the hospital to[A] save every life with every possible means[B] help people to die if that is his/her will[C] make people feel comfortable in their remaining hours[D] consider whether the cure is worthwhile before conducting it39. In the author's opinion the example of the HIV-positive young man in Paragraph 5[A] eliminates the possibility of applying gentle dying process in medicare[B] is merely an extreme case that should not be taken as a standard[C] emphasizes the importance of aggressive treatment even with slim hope[D] is used as an irony of the current state of American medical system40. According to the author, the American government will the proposal of gentle dying[A] disapprove of [B] divide at[C] hesitate at [D] side withPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by finding a subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Convincing evidence: US is losing its appeal in the eyes of multinationals[B] Biggest hindrance: US divided political system[C] American future: stuck in the middle[D] Overstated statement: US overall competitiveness is declining[E] V oice of experts: pessimism pervades academic world[F] Economic outlook: bad but not desperate[G] Undisputed fact: US is losing its economic edge41.Is America fading? America has been gripped by worries about decline before, notably in the 1970s, only to roar back. But this time it may be serious. There is little doubt that other countries are catching up. Between 1999 and 2009 America’s share of world exports fell in almost every industry: by 36 percentage points in aerospace, nine in information technology, eight in communications equipment and three in cars. Private-sector job growth has slowed dramatically,and come to a halt in industries that are exposed to global competition. Median annual income grew by an anemic 2% between 1990 and 2010.42.The March issue of the Harvard Business Review is devoted to “American competitiveness”. The Review reports that declinism is prevalent among HBS alumni: in a survey, 71% said that American competitiveness would decline in the coming years.43.America is losing out in the race to attract good jobs. Matthew Slaughter of Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business points out that multinational firms increased employment in America by 24% in the 1990s. But since then they have been cutting back on jobs in America. They have moved dull repetitive tasks abroad, and even some sophisticated ones, too. The proportion of the employees of American multinationals who work for subsidiaries abroad rose from 21.4% in 1989 to 32.3% in 2009. The share of research-and-development spending going to foreign subsidiaries rose from 9% in 1989 to 15.6% in 2009; that of capital investment rose from 21.8% in 1999 to 29.6% in 2009.44.America’s politic al system comes in for particularly harsh criticism: 60% of HBS alumni said that it was worse than those in other advanced countries. David Moss of HBS argues that such complaints are nothing new: American politicians have been squabbling about the role of government ever since Thomas Jefferson butted heads with Alexander Hamilton. But in the past this often led to fruitful compromises. But such compromises are rarer these days. Republicans and Democrats are more ideologically divided, and less inclined to make pragmatic concessions.45.For all this gloom, the Review’s gurus argue that, as Bill Clinton said in his first inaugural address, there is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. The country has huge strengths, from its world-beating universities to its tolerance of risk-taking. It has a highly diverse market: firms that seek cheap labour can move to Mississippi, where wages are a third lower than those in Massachusetts. Rosabeth Moss Kanter of HBS points to the extraordinary amount of innovation that is going on not just in Silicon Valley but across the country.Yet it is difficult to read this collection of essays without a sense of foreboding. The one thing that worries the HBS alumni more than anything else—the state of American politics—is the most difficult to fix. The political pendulum swings unpredictably, making it hard to plan for the future. Should companies assume that they will have to abide by Mr Obama’s health-care law when it comes into effect in 2014, or will the Republicans have repealed it by then? No one knows.Section III Translation46. Direction:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is senior citizen discount.Anyone who has reached a certain age is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Practically unheard of a generation ago, thediscounts have become a routine part of many businesses- as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. Perhaps the practice once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population.To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:John, one of your friends, failed in the last CET-6 and is upset. Write a letter to him to1) express your pity, point out the reason for his failure,2) encourage him, and suggest a better way to prepare the exam.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEETDo not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:In this section,you are asked to write an essay based on the following table,in which you should1)describe the table,2)state your opinions drawn from it.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Section I Use of English1 - 5 BDBAB 6 - 10 CCBCD11-15 AACDA 16-20 CCABBSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 B C D C C 26-30 C B A C B31-35 C B B C A 36-40 A C C B DPart B41-45 GEABFSection III Translation在美国，年龄就是特权，其中比较突出的一项就是老年折扣。

考研英语(二)模拟试卷151

考研英语（二）模拟试卷151(总分：136.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Running for the office of the President of the United States is exceptionally arduous and should not be undertaken by the【C1】______hearted. The candidates must first compete in the local primary elections. During the primary campaign, the candidate endeavors to【C2】______the votes of his or her constituents. Any new candidates are the opponents【C3】______the incumbent, the President currently in office who is running for re-election. The candidates refrain from actions that might create animosity【C4】______them and the public. Rather, they attempt to appease their constituency by using promotional gimmicks and ambiguous equivocation, as well as【C5】______decorous protocol. The public is indeed curious about, if not【C6】______of, the candidate's professional life, in addition to his or her personal life, which will be under【C7】______scrutiny during the campaign. Since his or her private life becomes public domain, the candidate may【C8】______to disclose any controversial behavior in his or her past before the press digs it up. 【C9】______history has shown us, even a prominent politician can be revealed as a phony. A politician exhibiting scandalous behavior might even be subjected【C10】______censure from his political colleagues. The voters must also【C11】______the political platform of the candidate. The platform includes the core issues【C12】______the candidate promises to resolve during his or her term in office. Typical campaign promises include establishing【C13】______to reduce bureaucratic red tape. The candidate【C14】______the primary election will be nominated by his or her particular political party to run【C15】______the final election. After toppling the competition, the endorsed candidate is expected to【C16】______a nomination address at the National Convention. The audience is usually rapt and responds【C17】______a standing ovation. The final election【C18】______takes place. The winner will be【C19】______in as the President of the United States during the formal inauguration ceremony. This occurs in ornate surroundings, replete【C20】______red carpets and the official U. S. seal.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.faint √B.meekdD.weak解析：解析：词义辨析题。

考研英语(完形填空)模拟试卷152

考研英语（完形填空）模拟试卷152(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：So why is Google suddenly so interested in robots? That's the question everyone's asking after it emerged this month that the internet giant has quietly collected a portfolio of eight advanced-robotics firms. Google is【C1】______the venture as partly a long term "moonshot" project—the name【C2】______to its more bizarre or【C3】______ideas, such as its self-driving car or broadband via high-altitude balloons. But it also says it aims to【C4】______a batch of robotics products in the【C5】______term and it has a "10-year vision" of where the company is 【C6】______. Based in the US and Japan, the new acquisitions make【C7】______products, ranging from walking humanoids(human-like Robots), to assembly robots, machine-vision systems and robotic special-effects movie cameras. The【C8】______of technologies that Google has acquired doesn't point to【C9】______one type of robot being developed, says Chris Melhuish. "These technologies could【C10】______anything from a smart bed to a wheeled home-assistant robot for elderly people." But Will Jackson thinks Google will use its【C11】______in search engines to allow people to find 【C12】______faster in shopping malls and airports. "You would never go over and talk to a touch screen,【C13】______if a mechanical person talks to you and makes eye【C14】______and smiles it's very hard indeed not to talk【C15】______. Google knows all about our【C16】______and market preferences already. A robot would be a good【C17】______for that information." Google's moves are【C18】______of how robotics is changing, says Scott Eckert "The robotics industry is in the early stages of a【C19】______from a primarily industrial market to a dynamic technology sector," he says. "This is an exciting industry with a【C20】______future."（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.observingB.describing √mentingD.developing解析：解析：空格后面的宾语the venture指“谷歌聚集了8家先进机器人技术公司的投资组合”这一商业举措，as后面引出“moonshot”project，由此可推断空格处表示把这一举动用语言文字描述出来，故选B项describing“描述”。

考研英语二试题模板及答案

考研英语二试题模板及答案考研英语二模拟试题Part I Use of English (共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Section ARead the text below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option from the four alternatives provided.In recent years, the popularity of extreme sports has surged among young people. The thrill of pushing one's physical limits is a major attraction. However, there are also concerns about the safety of these sports.1. The passage is mainly about _______.A. the dangers of extreme sportsB. the popularity of extreme sportsC. the reasons for the popularity of extreme sportsD. the safety concerns of extreme sports2. What is the author's attitude towards extreme sports?A. SupportiveB. ConcernedC. IndifferentD. CriticalSection BComplete the sentences with the appropriate words in their proper form.3. The company's profits have _______ by 20% compared to last year.A. increasedB. decreasedC. remainedD. fluctuated4. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work will _______ as scheduled.A. proceedB. ceaseC. delayD. cancelPart II Reading Comprehension (共25小题，每小题2分，共50分)Section ARead the following text and answer the questions by choosing the correct answer.Text 1The rise of the digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we work and live. With the advent of smartphones and the internet, people can now work from anywhere, leading to a more flexible lifestyle. However, thishas also led to a blurring of the lines between work and personal life.5. What is the main idea of the text?A. The benefits of the digital ageB. The drawbacks of the digital ageC. The impact of the digital age on work and lifeD. The advantages of working from home6. What is the consequence of the digital age mentioned in the text?A. A more rigid lifestyleB. A more flexible lifestyleC. A more structured work environmentD. A more isolated social lifeText 2Research has shown that regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. It is also beneficial for mental health, helping to reduce stress and anxiety.7. What is the purpose of the text?A. To emphasize the importance of exerciseB. To discuss the causes of chronic diseasesC. To promote a new fitness trendD. To criticize the lack of physical activity8. What is one of the benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the text?A. Improved cognitive functionB. Reduced risk of chronic diseasesC. Increased appetiteD. Enhanced social skillsSection BRead the following text and answer the questions.Text 3The concept of a "smart city" refers to an urban area that integrates digital technology into its infrastructure to improve the quality of life for its residents. This includes the use of intelligent transport systems, smart grids, and other innovative technologies.9. What is a "smart city"?A. A city with a high population densityB. A city with advanced technologyC. A city with a high level of educationD. A city with a strong economy10. What is one of the features of a smart city?A. Intelligent transport systemsB. Extensive industrial areasC. A large number of touristsD. Traditional architecturePart III Writing (共1小题，共30分)Section AWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should:1. Describe the picture briefly.2. Interpret its meaning.Picture DescriptionThe picture shows a group of people standing around a large round table. In the center of the table is a single flower in a vase, and there are several empty glasses around it. The people are looking at the flower with a smile.Section BWrite a letter of about 100 words to a friend who has just started a new job. In your letter, you should:1. Express your congratulations.2. Offer some advice for their new position.考研英语二模拟试题答案Part I Use of English1-4: B A A APart II Reading Comprehension5-8: C B B B9-10: B APart III WritingSection AEssay Outline:- Briefly describe the picture: A group of people admiring a single flower at a round table with empty glasses.- Interpret the meaning: The flower。

考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）（6）

考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）（6）Sample FourDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Backlogs of History. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45)。

The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Passion for personal and familial archival collection.[B] Reception of a hospital delivery bill.[C] Overabundance of trivial personal documents.[D] Explosion of public documents.[E] It is imperative to put archival policies into perspective.[F] What tactics should be adopted in document-saving?One morning a few years ago an envelope arrived from my parents containing the bill from New Rochelle Hospital for my delivery，in 1952. The contents of a basement or attic were being culled，and the bill had turned up in one of the many cardboard reliquaries that have long lent a kind of ballast to my childhood home. The hospital's total charge for a five-day stay including drugs and phone calls， came to $187.86. I was amazed at the cost， to be sure. But I was also struck by something else：that among all those decades' worth of family documents my parents had looked through， the delivery bill was the only thing they thought of sufficient interest to pass along.41?At some point most of us realize that having a personalarchival strategy is an inescapable aspect of modern life： one has to draw the line somewhere. What should the policy be toward children's drawings and report cards? Toward personal letters and magazine clippings? People work out answers to such questions，usually erring，I suspect，on the side of over-accrual of rubbish documents. Almost everyone seems to save—or “curate，” as archaeologist says—issues of National Geographic. That is why in garbage landfills copies of that magazine are rarely found in isolation; rather， they are found in herds，when an entire collection has been discarded after an owner has died or moved.42?I happen to be an admirer of the archiving impulse and an inveterate archivist at the household level. Though not quite one of those people whom public-health authorities seem to run across every few years， with a house in which neatly bundled stacks of newspaper occupy all but narrow aisles， I do tend to save almost everything that is personal and familial， and even to supplement this private hoard with oddities of a more public nature—a calling card of Thomas Nast's， for instance， and Kim Philby copy of the Joy of Cooking.43?I cannot help wondering， though， whether as a nation we are compiling archives at a rate that will exceed anyone's ability ever to make sense of them. A number of observers have cited the problem of “information overload” as if it were a recent development， largely the consequence of computers. In truth，the archive backlog has been a problem for millennia. Historians obviously have problems when information is scarce，but it's not hard to see a very different problem emerging as sourcematerial becomes spectacularly overabundant.44?Leave aside the task of assessing an entire epoch and consider what is required in purely physical terms to preserve even a single prominent person's lifetime documentary output. Benjamin Disraeli's correspondence survived down to the level of what today would be an E-mail message：“My darling， I shall be home for dinner at 1/2 pt 7. In haste， Your，Dis.” Woodrow Wilson left so much behind that the historian Arthur S. Link spent his entire career at Princeton University annotating and publishing Wilson's personal papers， in sixty-nine volumes.45?Is it preposterous to begin thinking of some of our archives as the new tels? Tels are the mounds that layer upon layer of former cities make; they are everywhere in the Middle East，harboring the archaeological record of thousands of years of human history. But there are too many of them for more than a few ever to be excavated systematically and understanding what's in even those few takes decades if not centuries.Don't get me wrong： I am not proposing that we discard any thing at all. One rarely knows in advance what will turn out to be of interest or importance and what should have gone directly into the oubliette. It is always delightful when something is discovered. But information does have its natural predators，and it may be that sometimes natural processes work out for the best.Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Immigrants adoption of English as their primary language is one measure of assimilation into the larger United States society. Generally languages define social groups and provide justification for social structures. Hence， a distinctive language sets a cultural group off from the dominant language group.(46)Throughout United States history this pattern has resulted in one consistent，unhappy consequence discrimination against members of the cultural minority Language differences provide both a way to rationalize subordination and a ready means for achieving it.Traditionally， English has replaced the native language of immigrant groups by the second or third generation. Some characteristics of today's Spanish-speaking population，however，suggest the possibility of a departure from this historical pattern. Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities. (47)This “revolving door” phenomenon， along with the high probability of additional immigrants from the south，means that large Spanish-speaking communities are likely to exist in the United States for the indefinite future.This expectation underlies the call for national support for bilingual education in Spanish-speaking communities' public schools. Bilingual education can serve different purposes.(48)However， in the 1960s， such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English. More recently，many advocates have viewed bilingual education as a means to maintain children's native languages and cultures. The issue is important for people with different pole toseparatism at the other. To date，the evaluations of bilingual education's impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has， nevertheless， served to unite the leadership of the nation's Hispanic communities. (49)Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against Hispanics， the demand for maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools is an assertion of the worth of a people and their culture. If the United States is truly a multicultural nation—that is， if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many—this demand should be seen as a demand not for separation but for inclusion.More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided. For example， movement to declare English the official language do not truly advance the cohesion of a multicultural nation. They alienate the twenty million people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. They are unnecessary since the public's business is already conducted largely in English. (50)Further，given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning， it would be unwise to require the universal use of English. Finally， it is for parents and local communities to choose the path they will follow， including hoe much of their culture they want to maintain for their children.。

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考研英语（二）模拟试卷152(总分：136.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Any sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer, is indistinguishable from magic. The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his 【C1】______Using it is just like casting a spell: say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can【C2】______your wish. The Amazon Echo, a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa, can【C3】______music tracks and radio stations, tell jokes, answer trivia questions and control smart【C4】______; even before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% of American households. Voice assistants are【C5】______in smartphones, too: Apple's Siri【C6】______over 2 billion commands a week, and 20% of Google【C7】______on Android powered handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works 【C8】______enough to be useful. Why type when you can talk? This is a huge shift. Simple【C9】______it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as more【C10】______ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard【C11】______But being able to talk to computers【C12】______the need for the abstraction of a "user interface" at all.【C13】______mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the【C14】______to be more useful and powerful than people can imagine today. Voice will not wholly【C15】______other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more【C16】______to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking. But voice is destined to【C17】______a growing share of people's interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centres.【C18】______, to reach its full potential, the technology requires【C19】______breakthroughs—and a resolution of the【C20】______questions it raises around the trade-off between convenience and privacy.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.spotB.noticeC.pointD.note(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.makeB.allowC.reachD.grant(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.call upB.make upC.show upD.take up(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.implementsB.appliancesplementD.assistance(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.decliningB.surgingC.mergingD.vanishing(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.entersB.dictatesC.handlesD.requires(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.searchesB.tracksC.findsD.issues(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.possiblyB.necessarilyC.adequatelyD.reliably(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.thoughC.whenD.since(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.intuitiveB.difficultC.abstractD.private(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.contentsmentsmandsD.contexts(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.reducesB.increasesC.moderatesD.abolishes(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.Such asB.Much asC.Just asD.As such(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.potentialB.capabilityC.entitlementD.responsibility(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.retainB.replaceC.reformD.resume(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）plicatedB.conventionalC.consistentD.convenient(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.call forB.answer forC.account forD.take for(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.LikewiseD.Although(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.furtherB.distantC.instantD.prompt(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.strangeB.uniqueC.specialD.tricky二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.__________________________________________________________________________________________ Cycling in London is less pleasant than in many European cities. Main roads teem with lorries; winding back streets are hard to navigate. The number of bicycle journeys has nonetheless doubled since 2000. Nationally, just 2% pedal to work. In Hackney, in London's East End, fully 9% do. But only 2% of women cycle to work in London, compared with 5% of men. Blacks and other ethnic minorities are reluctant to do it, too. Boris Johnson, London's mayor, oversaw the introduction of a bike-hiring scheme, which was started by his predecessor but quickly became known as the "Boris bike". He pushed for bright blue cycle paths on some busy roads. But the new cycle highways are far more ambitious and permanent. One will run east-west through the City and the West End. Another will run two miles from Elephant and Castle in the south to Farringdon in north London. Four existing routes will also be improved, while around 30 of the city's busiest junctions willbe made a bit less dangerous. The new superhighways ought to be much safer than London's existing cycle lanes. A raised pavement will keep cyclists away from cars and lorries. Junctions will be redesigned and some parking bays—including a few for the disabled—will be removed. Cars will be prevented from turning down certain streets. Similar schemes exist elsewhere: since 2007 around 30 miles of protected cycle lanes have been created in New York. In Amsterdam, where lanes have existed for decades, old people and women are far more inclined to cycle. Greens have long lobbied for cycle paths on the grounds that moving people out of cars cuts air pollution. A series of highly publicised accidents, including one involving a newspaper journalist, and several deaths in the city have also put pressure on the mayor to make London safer. And the social transformation of the capital has encouraged officials to smile on cyclists. The population of inner London is rebounding as affluent folk move in. The new inhabitants want cleaner streets and fewer cars, which are viewed as suburban. Cycling was once a means of transport for the poor. But it has become an important marker of an affluent world city, argues Isabel Dedring, the deputy mayor for transport. "There's more pressure on cities to be nice places to live," she says.（分数：10.00）(1).Riding a bike in London is unpleasant because of the city's______.（分数：2.00）A.enormous number of cyclistsB.numerous winding main streetsC.heavy traffic and complex terrainplicated and changeable weather(2).According to the text, who is more likely to ride a bike in London?（分数：2.00）A.Working males.B.Senior citizens.C.Working women.D.Unemployed people.(3).Which of the following is true about Boris Johnson?（分数：2.00）A.He initiated a bike-hiring scheme called"Boris bike".B.He made great effort to build infrastructure for cycling.C.He is a man with strong ambition and great perseverance.D.He supervised the construction of the new cycle highway.(4).The Green Party's attitude towards cycling is______.（分数：2.00）A.optimisticB.impartialC.criticalD.favorable(5).According to Isabel Dedring, one pressure modern cities face is______.（分数：2.00）A.how to be affluentB.how to be habitableC.how to boost cyclingD.how to reduce pollutionMarion Nestle's heavyweight criticism against Coca-Cola and PepsiCo comes at an odd moment for the industry. Americans are drinking fewer sugary sodas—in 2012 production was 23% below what it had been a decade earlier. Even sales of diet drinks are losing their fizz, as consumers question the merits of artificial sweeteners. From one angle, it would seem that health advocates such as Ms Nestle have won. Yet in America companies still produce 30 gallons of regular fizzy drinks per person per year. In many countries, particularly developing ones, consumption is on the rise. Ms Nestle, a professor at New York University, is both inspired by recent progress and dissatisfied with it. That is no surprise. Her first book, Food Politics, remains a bible for those who complain about the power of food companies. In her new book she attacks the industry's most widely consumed, least healthy product. Soda Politics, she says, is a book "to inspire readers to action". As arallying cry, it is verbose. When readers learn on page 238 that she will pick up a particular subject in chapter 25, it is with no little dismay that they realize they are only on chapter 17. But what the author wants most is to craft a detailed guide to the producers' alleged violation, and how to stop them. Ms Nestle says she would have no complaint with sweet fizzy drinks if they were sipped occasionally, as a treat. However, for millions of people in many countries, they are not. In Mexico companies sold 372 cans of fizzy drinks per person in 2012. About half of Americans do not drink them regularly, but those who do are disproportionately poor, less educated, male, Hispanic or black. 10% of Americans down more than four cans a day. Drinking a lot of sweet fizzy drinks is plainly unhealthy. Unlike a Big Mac, they have no nutritional value; nor do their calories satisfy hunger. One large study found that for each can added to a person's daily diet, the risk of diabetes jumped by 22%. There are also links between sugar and heart disease, stroke and cancer. Drinking lots of sodas imposes clear costs on individuals, Ms Nestle argues, but it has a broader cost, too. American taxpayers subsidize corn production and let the poor use government food vouchers to buy fizzy drinks. More important, taxpayers foot the health bill for those who develop chronic disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Diet drinks become unpopular in America because______.（分数：2.00）A.only poor people drink themB.they contain too much sugarC.people doubt they are unhealthyD.consumers think they are artificial(2).In the book Soda Politics, Marion Nestle______.（分数：2.00）A.called for food companies to adopt some measuresB.criticized the food industry and the unwise consumersC.called on consumers to take action against unhealthy foodD.intended to write a detailed guide to the producers' violation(3).Nestle tends to agree that drinking cola occasionally is______.（分数：2.00）A.healthyB.acceptableC.harmfulD.questionable(4).According to the last paragraph, having too many soda drinks ______.（分数：2.00）A.can increase the risk of deathB.will inevitably lead to diabetesC.may bring the problem of obesityD.has something to do with certain diseases(5).The underlined word "foot" (Line 6, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to______.（分数：2.00）A.pay forB.kick awayC.look forD.stay awayIt is a good time to be a fisherman. The global fish-price index of the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) hit a record high in May. Changing consumer diets, particularly in China, explain much of the sustained upward movement. High oil prices, which increase the cost of fishing and transportation, also add to the price of putting fish on the table. Not all fish are created equal, however. There are two types offish production; "capture" (or wild) and "aquaculture" (or farmed). And they seem to be on different tracks. Fish such as tuna, the majority of which is caught wild, saw much bigger price increases than salmon, which is easier to farm. Overall, the FAO's price index for wild fish nearly doubled between 1990 and 2012, whereas the one for farmed fish rose by only a fifth. What explains this big difference? The amount of wild fish capturedglobally has barely changed in the past two decades. The ceiling, of about 90m tonnes a year, seems to have been reached at the end of the 1980s. Overfishing is one reason, as is the limited room for productivity growth, particularly if consumers want high quality. Patrice Guillotreau of the University of Nantes tells the story of a fleet in France that decided to trawl, rather than line-catch, its tuna. It brought more back to shore, but the fish were damaged. It could not be sold as high-value fillets and was only good for canning. The old ways of catching fish are still best if you want the highest profits, says Mr Guillotreau. In contrast, the farmed-fish industry continues to make productivity improvements. Fish farms have found crafty ways to use lower quantities of fish meal as feed. In the early days of aquaculture, it could take up to ten pounds of wild fish to produce one pound of salmon. Now the number is down to five. That may still be an inefficient use of protein, but the ratio is set to improve further. Fish farms have also become more energy-efficient, meaning that they are less affected by higher energy prices. And they have learned how to handle diseases better, reducing the quantity of fish that ends up being unsellable. As a result of all these improvements, the global production of farmed fish, measured in tonnes, now exceeds the production of beef. Output is likely to continue growing: the FAO estimates that by 2020 it will reach six times its 1990 level.（分数：10.00）(1).The global fish price is growing because of______.（分数：2.00）A.the shortage of fishermenB.ever-increasing oil pricesC.the change of Chinese dietsD.high market demand and cost(2).Tuna and salmon are mentioned to show that______.（分数：2.00）A.salmon is not as expensive as tunaB.tuna is more popular among consumersC.wild fish is more precious than farmed fishD.the prices of fish are in fact decided by FAO(3).According to Patrice Guillotreau, the price of wild fish is decided by its______.（分数：2.00）A.qualityB.sizeC.quantityD.popularity(4).The production of farmed fish is growing due to the following reasons except______.（分数：2.00）A.disease controlB.lower labour costC.energy conservationD.reduction of fish feed(5).The most suitable title for the text is______.（分数：2.00）A.Wild Fish; Demand Decides PriceB.The Rising Price of Rare Wild FishC.Farmed Fish: Making ImprovementsD.The Prices of Fishes: Rising DifferentlyBritain's private schools are one of its most successful exports. The children of the well-heeled flock to them, whether from China, Nigeria or Russia: the number of foreign pupils rose by 1. 4% in the last year alone. One headmaster recently asked a room full of pupils whether they flew business class to Britain. Only a few hands went up, suggesting they were not quite as spoiled as he had thought. Then a boy explained; many of the pupils fly first class instead. Yet foreign students, whether educated in British private schools or elsewhere, are decreasingly likely togo to English universities. According to the Higher Education Funding Council for England, 307,200 overseas students began their studies in the country in 2012-2013, down from 312,000 two years earlier and the first drop in 29 years. Student numbers from the rest of the EU fell—probably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in England from 6,000 a year to 9,000. But arrivals from India and Pakistan declined most sharply. In contrast to the visa regime for private schools, which is extremely lax (the Home Office counts private schools as favoured sponsors) , student visas have been tightened. Foreign students used to be allowed to work for up to two years after graduating. They now have only four months to find a job paying upwards of 20,600 if they want to stay in Britain. This change was intended to deal with sham colleges that were in effect offering two-year work visas. But it seems to have put off serious students too. Nick Hillman of the Higher Education Policy Institute says the government has sent unclear messages about the sort of immigration it wants to restrict. An emphasis on holding down net immigration influences young Indians and Pakistanis in particular. Australia and America, which have more relaxed entry criteria for students, are becoming more favoured destinations. Colin Riordan, Cardiff University's vice-chancellor, adds that Britain's student-visa regime has become more strict and difficult. As a result, Britain is losing out to other countries in the contest for talent—an oddity, given how often the prime minister bangs on about the " global race". Its unwelcoming standpoint will harm its long-term prospects. And the drift of foreign students from leading British private schools to American colleges may have another, somewhat happier, consequence: America might become rather better at cricket.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that______.（分数：2.00）A.many foreign students are from wealthy familiesB.most students in the class are not spoiled at homeC.those who flew business class are from poor familiesD.Britain has the world's most successful private schools(2).The number of foreign students in Britain is decreasing possibly due to______.（分数：2.00）A.the increase of living costB.the rising cost of schoolingC.the impact of financial crisisD.the decrease of tuition subsidy(3).Compared with the student visa, the visa for private schools is______.（分数：2.00）A.fairly difficultB.extremely strictC.surprisingly looseD.extraordinarily similar(4).The policy for foreign students has changed in order to______.（分数：2.00）A.attract more talentsB.restrict immigrationC.protect local studentsD.reply to fake colleges(5).The author holds that Britain's current student-visa regime may______.（分数：2.00）A.deprive the country of foreign elitesB.lose both domestic and foreign talentsC.harm its long-term economic prospectsD.lose its advantage in sports competition4.Part B__________________________________________________________________________________________ [A]Robots Come from the Movies. [B]Development of Robots Is Fast. [C]Google Enters the Robot Industry. [D]Robots Today Are Not Impressive Enough. [E]The Future Robot Market Rests With Fancy.[F]Robots May Be Different in the Near Future. [G]More Money Is Thrown into the Robot Industry. Robots came into the world as a literary device whereby the writers and film-makers of the early 20th century could explore their hopes and fears about technology, as the era of the automobile, telephone and aeroplane picked up its reckless jazz-age speed. From Fritz Lang's Metropolis and Isaac Asimov's I, Robot to WALL-E and the Terminator films, and in countless repetitions in between, they have succeeded admirably in their task. 1 Since moving from the page and screen to real life, robots have been a mild disappointment. They do some things that humans cannot do themselves, like exploring Mars, and a host of things people do not much want to do, like dealing with unexploded bombs or vacuuming floors. And they are very useful in bits of manufacturing. But reliable robots —especially ones required to work beyond the safety cages of a factory floor—have proved hard to make, and robots are still pretty stupid. So although they fascinate people, they have not yet made much of a mark on the world. 2 That seems about to change. The exponential growth in the power of silicon chips, digital sensors and high-bandwidth communications improves robots just as it improves all sorts of other products. And, as our special report this week explains, three other factors are at play. 3 One is that robotics R&D is getting easier. New shared standards make good ideas easily portable from one robot platform to another. And accumulated know-how means that building such platforms is getting a lot cheaper. A robot like Rethink Robotics's Baxter, with two arms and a remarkably easy, intuitive programming interface, would have been barely conceivable ten years ago. Now you can buy one for $ 25,000. 4 A second factor is investment. The biggest robot news of 2013 was that Google bought eight promising robot startups. Rich and well led and with access to world-beating expertise in cloud computing and artificial intelligence, both highly relevant, Google's robot programme promises the possibility of something spectacular —though no one outside the company knows what that might be. Amazon , too, is betting on robots, both to automate its warehouses and, more speculatively, to make deliveries by drone. In South Korea and elsewhere companies are moving robot technology to new areas of manufacturing and other services. Venture capitalists see a much better chance of a profitable exit from a robotics startup than they used to. 5 The third factor is imagination. In the past few years, clever companies have seen ways to make robots work. Now more people will grasp how a robotic attribute such as high precision or fast reactions or independent locomotion can be integrated into a profitable business; eventually some of them will build mass markets. Aerial robots—drones—may be in the vanguard here. They will let farmers tend their crops in new ways, give citizens, journalists and broadcasters new perspectives on events big and small, monitor traffic and fires, look for infrastructure in need of repair and much more besides.（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________6.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.If there is one person to blame for economists' habit of commenting on everything, it is Gary Becker, who died on May 3rd. Not content with studying the world's economies, he was the first prominent economist to apply economic tools to all aspects of life. He revealed that people are often purposeful and rational in their decisions, whether they are changing jobs, taking drugs or divorcing their spouses. This insight, and the work that followed from it, earned him a Nobel prize in 1992. No less an eminence than Milton Friedman declared in 2001 that Mr Becker was "the greatest social scientist who has lived and worked in the last half-century". At the heart ofMr Becker's work was the view that " individuals maximise welfare as they conceive it. " Welfare need not mean income; it could derive from the pleasure of selflessness.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、Writing(总题数：5，分数：4.00)8.Section III Writing__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Some of your belongings have been harmed during transit by a home-moving company. Write the company a letter to 1) file a claim, and 2) specify the items damaged. You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information.__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (152.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。