剑桥初级语法 整理笔记

现在时
3、现在进行时：I am doing
4、现在进行时的疑问式：Are you doing?
5、一般现在时：I do/work/like等
一般现在时用来表示一般性的事实、有时或经常发生的事情：I like big cities. Always/never/often/usually/sometimes常与一般现在时连用：I never eat breakfast.
6、一般现在时的否定式：I don’t/he doesn’t + 动词原形
I don’t have a bath every day.
【every day 表每天，作状语; everyday 表每天的，形容词】
8、have/have got
（3）下列短语中，要用have
15、现在完成时
（1）have done
（2）just/already/yet
Just表“刚才”：we’ve just arrived.
Already表“已经”（在预料之前）：they’ve already arrived. （=before you expected）Yet表“直到现在”（用于否定句和疑问句中）：they haven’t arrived yet.
（3）现在完成时与ever（用于疑问句中）/never连用：Have you ever played golf？
（4）gone表“去而未归”：she has gone to China.
Been表“去而已归”：he has been to China.
（5）H ow long have you…?
25、what are you doing tomorrow?
I am doing something tomorrow 表示“我已经安排好明天要做某事/我计划明天做某事”
I am going to do something.同上（be going to 与will 的区别）
注意：用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等：The train arrives at 7.30.
27、will/shall
（1）I shall =I will、we shall=we will ：
I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow.
在构成将来时的时候，不可将shall与you/they/it/he/she等非第一人称连用：
Tom will be late. (而不能Tom shall be late.)
（2）I’ll …表“提议或决定做某事”:I’ll phon e you tomorrow.
I think I’ll/I don’t think I’ll…表“决定做某事”：I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.
（3）Shall I…/Shall we…? 表“你认为…好吗？”
28、might=may
29、can/could：could为过去式
30、must/mustn’t/don’t need to
（1）表示过去时，用had to而不用must：We had to walk home last night.
（2）don’t need to = don’t have to
31、should
（1）I think…should/I don’t think….should/do you think…should?
（2）ought to =should
32、I have to
（1）表过去时，用had to
（2）表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时，must或have to都可以不是表个人看法时，只能用have to：
Eg: You can’t park your car here for nothing. You have to pay. （非个人看法）
I t’s a fantastic film. You must see it./You have to see it.
33、I used to/I didn’t used to/did you use to…？
41、反义疑问句
Have you?/are you?/don’t you? 表“对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇”：
——I’ve bought a new car.
——Oh, have you?
记住：前否后肯，前肯后否
It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
That isn’t your car, is it?
42、too/either so am I/neither do I
（1）
（2）both+复数名词
44、疑问句
（1）is it…?/have you…?/do they…?why isn’t…?/why don’t…?
（2）who saw you?/who did you see?
（3）以特殊疑问词开头的句子，介词位于句尾：where are you from?
（4）what’s it like?/what are they like? 表询问某事物的情况——新旧、好坏、大小等（5）疑问词
52、不定式与-ing形式
动词+不定式
动词+-ing
动词+-ing或不定式
66、名词
在英语中，下列词语以复数出现：
77、not + any/no/more
（1）not + any=no….=not a
（2）no…通常用于have（got）与there is/are之后
（3）动词否定形式+any =动词肯定形式+no
（4）no之后接名词、none可单独使用
80、every/all
（1）every +单数名词，谓语动词用单数
（2）everywhere 是副词
83、a lot/ much/many/(a)little/(a)few
（1）a lot of + 可数/不可数，也可不跟名词
（2）much+不可数，用于否定句与疑问句，也可不跟名词（3）many+复数
（4）
88、a bit older/ much older A bit older than….
A bit more difficult than… Much better than…
Much more expensive than… 89、not as …as Not as much as…. Not as many as…
The same as….
90、the oldest/ the most expensive
可用最高级+I ’ve ever…./ you’ve ever….等：
The film was very bad. I think it’s the worst film I’ve ever seen. What is the most unusual thing you’ve ever done?
93、词序
（1）地点状语位于时间状语之前：we went to a party last night.
（2）always/never/often 等词用于动词之前，be 动词之后，两个动词之间：
e.g. I always
drink coffee in the morning.
I am always tired.
I will always remember you. / I can never find my keys. 96、give/ lend/pass/send/show/buy/get give sth to sb give sb sth
注意：当某物为代词it 或them 时，用第一种结构比较好：I gave it to my father.
98、when
（1）当以when 开头时，两部分用逗号隔开：When I went out, it was raining. （2）一般现在时用于when 之后表示将来： Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is in New York.
When I get home this evening, I ’m going to have a shower.
（3）before/while/after/until的用法类似：
Please close the window before you go out.
I’ll wait here until you come back.
99、if
（1）if之后常用一般现在时：
If you see Ann tomorrow, can you ask her to call me?
What shall we do if it rains?
（2）if I/you/he/she/they/it had……I/you/he would….
在这种句子里，句意表示事实上这个假设不成立：
If I had the money, I would buy a fast car.事实上我没有钱买车。

I wou ldn’t go out if I were you.事实上我不是你。

（3）比较
103、at/on/in
（1）
106、in/at/on
112
、动词短语
（2）
get in a car
get on the bus
go away
ran away/run off
drive away/drive off
turn over and look at the next page。