文化词语英译
120个中国传统文化名词及其英译

120个中国传统文化名词及其英译1.道德经- Dao De Jing (The Classic of the Way and Virtue)2.儒家- Confucianism3.文化遗产- cultural heritage4.五行- Five Elements5.春节- Spring Festival6.传统艺术- traditional art7.中国古代文学- ancient Chinese literature8.神话故事- mythological stories9.中国茶文化- Chinese tea culture10.国粹- national quintessence11.古琴- guqin (a traditional Chinese musical instrument)12.诗经- Book of Songs13.行书- running script (a style of Chinese calligraphy)14.红楼梦- Dream of the Red Chamber15.京剧- Beijing Opera16.四书五经- Four Books and Five Classics (Confucian classical texts)17.中医- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)18.书法- calligraphy19.文房四宝- Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, inkstone, and paper)20.传统节日- traditional festivals21.工艺品- handicrafts22.长城- Great Wall23.农历- lunar calendar24.中国画- Chinese painting25.合作共赢- win-win cooperation26.四合院- quadrangle courtyard27.曲艺- Chinese folk art28.灯笼- lantern29.传统婚礼- traditional wedding ceremony30.拜年- pay a New Year visitAdditional Extension:31.古人- ancient people32.传统建筑- traditional architecture33.传统音乐- traditional music34.陶瓷艺术- ceramic art35.传统戏剧- traditional drama36.中国历史- Chinese history37.长街短巷- long streets and alleys38.风水- Feng Shui39.传统服饰- traditional costumes40.中国象棋- Chinese chess41.中国民歌- Chinese folk songs42.传统美食- traditional cuisine43.传统医学- traditional medicine44.传统童谣- traditional nursery rhymes45.传统工艺- traditional craftsmanship46.传统家具- traditional furniture47.传统舞蹈- traditional dance48.传统庙宇- traditional temples49.传统阳历- traditional solar calendar50.中国春联- Chinese New Year couplets。
中国文化词及其英文表达

中国文化词及其英文表达中国文化博大精深,涵盖了许多独特的词汇和表达。
以下是一些常见的中国文化词及其英文表达:元宵节:Lantern Festival春节:Spring Festival清明节:Tomb-sweeping Day端午节:Dragon Boat Festival中秋节:Mid-Autumn Festival重阳节:Double Ninth Festival七夕节:Double Seventh Festival除夕:Chinese New Year's Eve春联:Spring Festival Couplets京剧:Peking Opera功夫:Kung Fu太极:Tai Chi针灸:Acupuncture书法:Calligraphy汉服:Hanfu长城:The Great Wall故宫:The Forbidden City孔子:Confucius儒家文化:Confucian Culture道家文化:Taoist Culture四大发明:Four Great Inventions (gunpowder, printing, compass, paper-making)十二生肖:Zodiac (Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig)五行:Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water)风水:Feng Shui旗袍:Cheongsam中药:Traditional Chinese Medicine茶文化:Tea Culture杂技:Acrobatics皮影戏:Shadow Play中国画:Chinese Painting这些只是中国文化中的一小部分词汇,实际上中国文化博大精深,涵盖了更多的词汇和表达。
学习和了解这些词汇,有助于我们更好地理解和欣赏中国文化的独特魅力。
文化词语的翻译

8)旁边一人鼓掌大笑曰:“此事易如反掌, 何必多议!” (《三国演义》) The one of those about him suddenly clapped his hands, crying, “It’s as easy as turning over one’s hand! Why so much talk!” (as easy as falling off a log, very easy) 9)叫花鸡 beggar’s chicken 10)童子鸡 ?
Lecture 6
第三节 文化词语的翻译
一、文化词语的定义 文化词语是指蕴涵社会文化含义的词语,与 一国的政治、经济、文化、历史和民情风俗 密切相关。
二、文化词语的翻译方法 1.音译 反映中国特有事物的名称,汉译英时采用音译方法。 1)饺子 jiaozi 2)功夫 kongfu 3)荔枝 litchi 4)麻将 mahjong 5)叩头 kowtow
7)他连看都不看他们一眼,他想你他妈的猫 哭老鼠充什么好人?(《埋伏》) He did not so much as look at them, thinking, what’s the good of your cats crying for the death of a rat? (shed crocodile tears)
要讲清楚“童子”的概念,必须从三个方面进行定义: 1,雄性动物,包括人 2,尚无性行为历史(包括遗精) 3,在一定年龄以下(但是人的上限比动物高,例如十岁的男孩可 以叫“童子”,但是十岁的公鸡不能叫“童子鸡”,即使它的确没有进 行过性生活)
英文里有哪个单词能够对应“童子”这个概念?Young Boy?美国 Young Boy 的女朋友可能以打计。把“童子功”翻译为“Young Boy Kung Fu”,也不对。因为“童子功”不是小男孩才练的武功,而是指 “从幼年就开始长期坚持练武而形成的武功基础”。把“童子功”翻译 为“Pullet Kung Fu”(小母鸡功)那更是开了国际玩笑。
汉译英主题词汇

汉译英主题词汇1.中国传统文化四大发明the Four Great Inventions 造纸术paper-making火药gunpowder 指南针/罗盘compass印刷术printing 孔子Confucius孟子Mencius思想学派school of thought核心思想the core of ideology 代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture道家Daoism法家Legalism和尚;僧人monk 乐器musical instrumental琴棋书画guqin, game of go, calligraphy and painting笛子flute 二胡erhu古筝guzheng 鼓drum琵琶Chinese lute中国象棋Chinese chess围棋Chinese Go 对弈play chess棋子chess pieces 棋盘chessboard中国书法Chinese calligraphy 甲骨文oracle bone script 文房四宝the four treasures of the study 毛笔brush pen墨ink stick 砚台ink stone纸paper 笔划stroke四大名著the four masterpieces 汉字Chinese character <<西游记>>Journey to the West; The Money King<<红楼梦>>Dream of the Red Chamber; A Dream of Red Mansions<<三国演义>>Romance of the Three Kingdoms<<水浒传>>Water Margin; Outlaws of the Mash<<诗经>>Books of Songs<<史记>>Records of the Grand Historian; Historical Records唐诗宋词Tang and Song Poetry; Poetry of Tang and Song Danasties元曲Yuan opera 眀小说Ming novel普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese对联couplet俗语idiom词语phrase 国画Chinese (traditional) painting 山水画landscape painting 写意画free sketch painting 敦煌壁画Dunhuang frescoes 龙的形象the image of dragon 孔子庙Confucius Temple黄河the Yellow River长江the Yangtze River 长城the Great Wall故宫the Imperial Palace ; the Forbidden City故宫博物馆The Palace Museum天安门广场Tiananmen Square胡同hutong太极拳Tai Chi文武双全be excellent both in the arts of pen and sword孙子兵法Sun Zi’s Art of War ; Master Sun’s Art of War科举制imperial examination system状元the top scholar; champion 武术Chinese martial arts 古代兵器ancient weapon盔甲suit of armor 剑sword古玩antique算盘abacus三百六十行all walks of life ; all kinds of jobs铁饭碗iron bowl 礼节etiquette尊老爱幼respect the old and love the young礼物馈赠present-giving 民间禁忌folk taboos丧葬funeral孝服mourning clothes纸钱ghost money 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac 鼠Rat牛Ox鸡Rooster梅花plum blossoms竹子bamboo松pine牡丹peony莲花lotus莲藕lotus root 中山装Chinese tunic suit 中国传统服饰tradition Chinese costume 唐装the Tang suit民间故事folk tale 寓言fable传说legend凡间human world重要文化遗产major cultural heritage 国宝national treasure 文物cultural relics 高雅艺术high/refined art 才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies享有…….的声誉enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为be honored/crowned as 增进友谊enhance friendship 推广中国文化promote Chinese culture文化底蕴cultural deposit 文化事业cultural undertaking 文化冲击cultural shock 蓬勃发展flourish文化特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播promote the spread of culture丰富多彩be rich and colorful 传统美德traditional virtues尊敬老人respect the elderly 赡养父母support/take care of parents 象征意义symbolic meaning审美观/品味taste for beauty ; aesthetic taste2.中国传统节日春节the Spring Festival 除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve 年夜饭the dinner on New Year’s Eve 小年minor Spring Festival 春运Spring Festival travel seasons; Chunyun period买年货do Spring Festival shopping ; buy necessity for Spring Festival 扫尘土sweep the dust 剪窗花do paper-cutting 贴春联stick couplets 挂灯笼hang lanterns祭祖offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 祭祀sacrifices烟花爆竹fireworks and firecrackers 财神the god of wealth压岁钱gift money; lucky money包饺子make dumplings拜年New Year’s visit 阳历solar calendar天干heavenly stem 地支earthly branch闰年leap year 亲朋好友relatives and friends 探亲访友pay a visit to relatives and friends大扫除thoroughly clean the house驱厄运sweep away ill fortune; get rid of bad luck去除灾难ward off evils 年画New Year Picture 发红包give money in red envelopes; hand out red envelopes欢度……the celebration of……; celebrate……. 年糕rice cake转运have a chance of luck 春卷spring rolls春节联欢晚会Spring Festival Gala 祝福短信blessing message 元宵节the Lantern Festival 元宵sweet dumplings扭秧歌do the Yangko Dance 舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance 灯谜lantern riddles龙抬头Dragon Heads-raising Day 祈雨pray for rain丰收good harvest 清明节Tomb Sweeping Day 雨水rainwater春耕the Spring ploughing扫墓attend/sweep tomb; clean the grave祭品sacrifices; sacrifice offerings 踏青have an outgoing in Spring 端午节Dragon Boats Festival 粽子Zongzi; glutinous rice pudding 赛龙舟dragon boats racing 雄黄酒realgar wine七夕Double Seventh Festival 梳妆dress and make up牛郎Cowherd织女Weaver Maid喜鹊桥the magpie bridge 中元节/鬼节Ghost Festival河灯water lantern 中秋节Mid-autumn Festival团圆饭family reunion dinner 花灯colorful lantern月圆夜full moon 赏月enjoy the moon吃月饼have moon cake 思想be homesick重阳节Double Ninth Festival重阳糕double ninth cake赏菊enjoy chrysanthemums 菊花酒chrysanthemum wine 寒食节Cold Food Festival 冷食cold food禁烟smoking ban; not allow to make fire 斗鸡cockfight蹴鞠kickball; cuju 荡秋千play on a swing拔河push-and-pull; tug of war 腊八节the Laba Festival腊八粥Laba rice porridge 腊八面Laba noodle3.中国饮食文化中国菜Chinese cuisine; Chinese food 粤菜Canton cuisine炒stir-fry 煎fry炸deep-fry烩/焖/炖stew蒸steam烘焙bake切条cut to strips 切丁dice切碎mince磨碎grind特色食品specialty红茶black tea绿茶green tea 火锅hotpot熊掌bear paw 豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls 包子steamed suffered buns; Baozi 北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck4.中国传统手工艺传统工艺品traditional handicraft 绣花鞋embroidered shoes优秀民间艺术品outgoing folk arts 中国瓷器Chinese ceramics 唐三彩Tricolor-glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty彩陶painted pottery 材质各异various materials 陶器pottery; earthenware 质地坚硬hard texture青铜器bronze ware 造型生动vivid figure雕刻carving色彩丰富rich color玉雕jade carving 风格独特characteristic/unique style 蜡染wax printing 中国织绣Chinese silk embroideries 泥人clay figure 中国结Chinese knot刺绣embroidery绣球embroidered ball5.中国表演艺术脸谱facial makeup 正面角色positive role说学逗唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing木偶戏puppet show 说书story-telling皮影戏shadow play 杂技acrobatics客家山歌Hakka hill song 历史人物historical figure四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations人类文明史the history of human civilization中国古代史ancient Chinese History中国近现代史modern history of China历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past源远流长/历史悠久with/have a long history繁荣盛世a time of prosperity 古都ancient capital华夏之祖ancestors of Chinese nation发祥地birthplace封建朝代feudal dynasty远古时代ancient times兴起于……, 兴盛于……..emerge in……and prosper in…..原始社会primitive society 战国the Warring States春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period封建社会feudal society 印/玺seal/stamp皇妃imperial concubine 太后empress dowager诸侯Prince/duck under an emperor 宰相prime minister士大夫scholar-officials 太监eunuch侍卫bodyguard将军general6.旅游交通旅游景点tourist scenes 避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park 人文景观human landscape 自然景观natural scenery 建筑architecture壮丽河山magnificent scenery 皇家园林royal garden古典山水园林classical landscape garden钟楼bell tower 鼓楼drum tower牌坊memorial archway 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors 天坛the Temple of Heaven 保存最完好的best-preserved 原址original site 国家博物馆national museum 中外游客tourist from home and aboard7.地理环境幅员辽阔have a vast territory 省会provincial capital水域面积water area 高原plateau三面环山be surrounded by mountains on three side8.医疗健康诊断diagnosis(n); diagnose(v) 偏方folk prescription祖传秘方secret prescription handed down from one’s ancestors中医Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)救死扶伤heal the sick and rescue the dying望闻问切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse-taking肥胖症obesity草药herbal therapy食疗food therapy 延缓衰老slow down aging。
100个中国传统文化词汇的英文翻译翻译

100个中国传统文化词汇的英文翻译翻译元宵节元宵节 Lantern Fes val 刺绣刺绣Embroidery 重阳节重阳节Double-Ninth Fes val 清明节清明节Tomb sweeping day 剪纸剪纸Paper Cu ng 书 法Calligraphy 对联对联 (Spring Fes val) Couplets 象形文字 Pictograms/Pictographic Characters雄黄酒雄黄酒Realgar wine 四合院四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国战国Warring States 风水风水Fengshui/Geoman c Omen 昆曲昆曲Kunqu Opera 长 城 The Great Wall 集体舞集体舞Group Dance 黄土高原黄土高原Loess Plateau 红臼喜事红臼喜事 Weddings and Funerals中秋节中秋节Mid-Autumn Day 花鼓戏花鼓戏Flower Drum Song 儒家文化儒家文化Confucian Culture 中国结中国结Chinese kno ng 古装片古装片Costume Drama 武打片武打片 Chinese Swordplay Movie元宵元宵 Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling 越剧越剧 Yue Opera 火锅火锅Hot Pot 江南江南 South Regions of the Yangtze River 谜语谜语Riddle 《诗经》《诗经》 The Book of Songs 《史记》《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian《红楼梦》《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions《西游记》《西游记》 The Journey to the West除夕除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Fes val 针灸针灸Acupuncture 唐三彩唐三彩 Tri-color Po ery of the TangDynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored po ery 孔子孔子 Confucius 偏旁偏旁 Radical 孟子孟子Mencius 亭/ 阁 Pavilion/ A c 黄梅戏黄梅戏Huangmei opera 火 药 Gunpowder 农历农历Lunar Calendar 印/ 玺 Seal/Stamp 腊 八 节 The laba Rice Porridge Fes val京 剧 Beijing Opera/Peking Opera秦腔秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 太极拳太极拳TaiChi 《本草纲目》《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica天坛天坛Altar of Heaven in Beijing 小吃摊小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand 红双喜红双喜Double Happiness 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)笔墨纸砚) The Four Treasure of the Study (Brush,Inks ck,Paper,and Inkstone ) 春卷春卷Spring Roll(s) 莲藕莲藕Lotus Root 罗盘罗盘Luopan/ compass 故宫博物院故宫博物院The Palace Museum 相声相声Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 五行五行Five Phases 北京烤鸭北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck 《桃花扇》《桃花扇》 The Peach Blossom Fan木偶戏木偶戏Puppet Show 敦煌莫高窟敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves电视小品电视小品TV Sketch/TV Skit 甲骨文甲骨文Oracle Bone Inscrip ons 古筝古筝Chinese Zither 杂技杂技acroba cs 门当户对门当户对 Perfect Match/Exact Match《水浒》《水浒》 Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh除夕除夕Chinese New Year's Eve 国子监国子监Imperial Academy 兵马俑兵马俑 Co a Warriors/ Terraco a Army 旗袍旗袍Cheongsam 中国古代四大发明中国古代四大发明the four great inven ons of ancient China (火药gunpowder 印刷术prin ng 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass ) 泼水节泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 馄饨馄饨Wonton 花卷花卷Steamed twisted rolls 羊肉泡馍羊肉泡馍Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup冰糖葫芦冰糖葫芦 A s ck of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 八宝饭八宝饭 Eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝粉丝Glass Noodles 豆腐脑豆腐脑 Jellied bean curd 小品小品Wi y Skits 孝顺孝顺To show filial obedience 武术武术 Wushu(Chinese Mar al Arts)宣纸宣纸Rice Paper 陶器陶器po ery/earthenware 佛教佛教Buddhism 中庸中庸 The way of medium(Golden Means) 爆竹爆竹firecracker 东坡肉东坡肉Dongpo Pork 中山陵中山陵 The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum秦淮河秦淮河Qinhuai River 玄武湖玄武湖Xuanwu Lake夫子庙夫子庙The Confucian Temple 鸭血粉丝鸭血粉丝Duck blood fans 盐水鸭盐水鸭 Yanshuiya, or salted and baked duck 大煮干丝大煮干丝Gansi 小笼包小笼包Steamed buns 明孝陵明孝陵Ming Tomb 云锦云锦 Nanjing brocade。
120个中国传统文化名词及其英译

120个中国传统文化名词及其英译以下是120个中国传统文化名词及其英译:1. 春节(Spring Festival)2. 元宵节(Lantern Festival)3. 清明节(Tomb-Sweeping Day)4. 端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)5. 中秋节(Mid-Autumn Festival)6. 重阳节(Double Ninth Festival)7. 除夕(New Year's Eve)8. 书法(Calligraphy)9. 国画(Traditional Chinese Painting)10. 剪纸(Paper Cutting)11. 对联(Spring Festival Couplets)12. 风筝(Kite)13. 中国结(Chinese Knotting)14. 灯笼(Lantern)15. 灯谜(Lantern Riddles)16. 茶文化(Tea Culture)17. 热闹(Noise and Excitement)18. 团圆(Reunion)19. 红包(Red Envelope)20. 长寿(Longevity)21. 福字(Fu Character)22. 禅宗(Zen Buddhism)23. 道教(Taoism)24. 佛教(Buddhism)25. 儒家(Confucianism)26. 旗袍(Qipao)27. 长衫(Long Shirt)28. 唱戏(Opera)29. 京剧(Peking Opera)30. 象棋(Chinese Chess)31. 麻将(Mahjong)32. 瓜子(Sunflower Seeds)33. 腊八节(Laba Festival)34. 元宵(Tangyuan)35. 饺子(Dumplings)36. 年糕(Nian Gao)37. 火锅(Hot Pot)38. 炸酱面(Noodles with Soybean Paste)39. 午餐肉(Luncheon Meat)40. 豆腐(Tofu)41. 麻婆豆腐(Mapo Tofu)42. 宫保鸡丁(Kung Pao Chicken)43. 鱼香肉丝(Fish-Flavored Shredded Pork)44. 红烧肉(Braised Pork Belly)45. 糖葫芦(Candied Fruit on a Stick)46. 美食(Delicacy)47. 食文化(Food Culture)48. 酒文化(Wine Culture)49. 茅台酒(Maotai)50. 龙井茶(Longjing Tea)51. 碧螺春(Biluochun Tea)52. 普洱茶(Pu'er Tea)53. 茶道(Tea Ceremony)54. 茶艺(Tea Art)55. 书法(Calligraphy)56. 绘画(Painting)57. 雕塑(Sculpture)58. 陶艺(Pottery)59. 瓷器(Porcelain)60. 纺织(Textile)61. 刺绣(Embroidery)62. 缝纫(Sewing)63. 针灸(Acupuncture)64. 中药(Traditional Chinese Medicine)65. 草药(Herbal Medicine)66. 风水(Fengshui)67. 堪舆(Kanyu)68. 儒家经典(Confucian Classics)69. 四书五经(Four Books and Five Classics)70. 《大学》(The Great Learning)71. 《中庸》(The Doctrine of the Mean)72. 《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)73. 《孟子》(The Mencius)74. 《诗经》(The Book of Songs)75. 《尚书》(The Book of Documents)76. 《礼记》(The Book of Rites)77. 《易经》(The Book of Changes)78. 《春秋》(The Spring and Autumn Annals)79. 《孝经》(The Book of Filial Piety)80. 《尔雅》(The Book of Erya)81. 儒家思想(Confucian Thought)82. 道家思想(Taoist Thought)83. 佛教思想(Buddhist Thought)84. 法家思想(Legalist Thought)85. 墨家思想(Mohist Thought)86. 阴阳五行(Yin and Yang, Five Elements)87. 八卦(Eight Trigrams)88. 易经(I Ching)89. 太极(Tai Chi)90. 武术(Wushu)91. 少林寺(Shaolin Temple)92. 武当山(Wudang Mountains)93. 内功(Neigong)94. 外功(Waijong)95. 拳法(Boxing)96. 剑法(Swordplay)97. 气功(Qigong)98. 八段锦(Baduanjin)99. 五禽戏(Wuqinxi)100. 二十四节气(Twenty-Four Solar Terms)101. 农历(Lunar Calendar)102. 阳历(Solar Calendar)103. 天干地支(Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches) 104. 黄道吉日(Good Fortune Days)105. 红事(Weddings)106. 白事(Funerals)107. 喜帖(Wedding Invitation)108. 聘礼(Betrothal Gift)109. 六礼(Six Ceremonies)110. 三书六礼(Three Books and Six Ceremonies)111. 红娘(Matchmaker)112. 月老(Old Man Under the Moon)113. 金榜题名(Golden List)114. 状元(Number One Scholar)115. 进士(Jinshi)116. 举人(Juren)117. 秀才(Xiucai)118. 科举(Imperial Examination)119. 四书(Four Books)120. 五经(Five Classics)这些名词涵盖了中国的传统文化、哲学思想、宗教信仰、节日庆典、文学艺术、饮食习惯、服饰风格、武术健身、天文历法等多个方面,反映了中国悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。
中国文化特色词语英译3

中国文化特色词语英译(一)宗教及传统文拜年: pay a New Year call财运: luck in making money江南水乡: the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River禅宗: Chan Sect/Zen Sect出家人: ascetic祠堂:memorial temple倒春寒:an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring道教:Taoism道士:Taoist priest法师:Master 方丈:Buddhist abbot佛教:Buddhism恭喜发财:May you be prosperous和尚:Buddhism monk华表:ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele红包:red envelope containing money as a gift; bribe/kickback(贬义用法)华盖:canopy回教:Islam慧根:the organ of wisdom甲骨文:inscriptions on oracle bones戒律:precept/discipline金刚经:Diamond Sutra京剧票友:Perking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱:types of facial make-up in Perking Opera/Perking Opera masks旧教/天主教:Catholicism坎儿井:karez喇嘛:Lama老字号:an old and famous shop/enterprise尼姑:Buddhism nun涅槃:Nirvana旗袍:cheongsam三藏经:Tripitaka三教(儒、释、道):Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism时运:luck/fortune四大皆空:all space directions being void新教,耶稣教:Protestantism真人:Taoism pure man族人:clansman坐禅:sitting in meditation(二)名胜古迹阿里山:Ali Mountain碑林:Forest of Steles兵马俑:the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses布达拉宫:Potala Palace长春观:Changchun Taoism Temple承德避暑山庄:Chengde Mountain Resort /the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort 大屿山:Lantau Island大运河:Grand Canal滇池:Dianci Lake都江堰:Dujiangyan Weir二七纪念馆:February 7 Memorial Hall鼓浪屿:Gulang yu Islet/Gulang yu Island归元寺:Guiyuan Buddhist Temple龟山:Tortoise Hill华清池:Huaqing Hot Spring黄鹤楼:Yellow Crane Tower居庸关:Juyongguan Pass橘子洲:Orange Island孔庙/夫子庙:the Temple of Confucius坤宁宫:Palace of Earthly Tranquility乐山大佛:Leshan Giant Buddha灵隐寺:Temple of Soul’s Retreat龙门石窟:Longmen Grottoes芦笛岩:Reed Flute Cave毛主席纪念堂:Chairman Mao Memorial Hall莫高窟:Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang蓬莱阁:Penglai Pavilion人民大会堂:the Great Hall of the People人民英雄纪念碑:Monument of the People’s Heroes日月潭:Sun Moon Lake三峡:the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River/ the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River少林寺:Shaolin Temple/ Shaolin Monastery蛇山:Snake Hill狮子林:Lion Grove十三陵:the Ming Tombs石林:Stone Forest苏州园林:Suzhou Gardens/the Gardens of Suzhou太和殿:Hall of Supreme Harmony太湖:Lake Taihu天安门广场:Tian An Men Square天坛:the Temple of Heaven外滩:the Bund武侯祠:Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang西湖:the West Lake象鼻山:Elephant Trunk Hill养心殿:Hall of Mental Cultivation颐和园(夏宫):the Imperial Garden /the Summer Palace雍和宫:Yonghegong Lamasery雨花台:the Terrace of the Raining Flowers玉渊潭公园:Jade Abyss Pool Park豫园(上海城隍庙):Yuyuan Garden/Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼:Yueyang Tower中山陵:Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum紫金山天文台:Purple Hills Observatory紫竹院公园:Purple Bamboo Court Park(三)二十四节气二十四节气:the twenty-four solar terms立春:the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)雨水:Rain Water(2nd solar term)惊蛰:the Walking of Insects(3rd solar term)春分:the Spring Equinox(4th solar term)清明:Pure Brightness(5th solar term)谷雨:Grain Rain(6th solar term)立夏:the Beginning of Summer(7th solar term)小满:Grain Full(8th solar term)芒种:Grain in Ear(9th solar term)夏至:the summer solstice(10th solar term)小暑:Slight Heat(11th solar term)大暑:Great Heat(12th solar system)立秋:the Beginning of Autumn(13th solar term)处暑:the Limit of Heat(14th solar term)白露:White Dew(15th solar term)秋分:the Autumnal Equinox(16th solar term)寒露:Cold Dew(17th solar term)霜降:Frost’s Descent(18th solar term)立冬:the Beginning of Winter(19th solar term)小雪:Lesser Snow(20th solar term)大雪:Greater Snow(21st solar term)冬至:the Winter Solstice(22nd solar term)小寒:Lesser Cold(23rd solar term)大寒:Greater Cold(24th solar term)(四)政治经济活动“达标”活动: “target hitting” activities“豆腐渣”工程:jerry-built project“一条龙服务”:coordinated-process service安居工程:housing project for low-income families按劳分配:distribution according to one’s performance把各项政策落到实处:truly put all policies into effect把握正确的舆论导向:to properly guide the public opinion把眼光放远一些:to subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones/to be farsighted/to have a broad view把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处:to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented 百花齐放、百家争鸣:Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend百年不遇:once-in-a-century摆门面:to put up an impressive front半拉子工程:uncompleted project包干到户:work contracted to households保持和发展党的先进性:preserve and enhance/maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature 保重点,不撒胡椒面:Resources must be channeled to(or concentrated on) priority projects and not spread thinly(evenly) everywhere本位主义:departmentalism变相涨价:disguised inflation拨乱反正:to set things right/to restore things to order不搞一刀切:without imposing a single solution不顾条件,一哄而起:to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions不合理收费、集资和摊派:to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization不正之风:unhealthy practice(tendency)不良风气:unhealthy ways and customs部优产品:Ministry-recognized quality goods/products财政困难县:financially strapped counties菜篮子工程:the shopping basket project参政议政意识:the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs超计划生育:to have more children than what is planned/extra-plan babies城市最低生活保障制度:the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents城乡居民最低生活保障制度:the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents吃大锅饭:egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”出口退税:export tax rebates传销:pyramid selling/multi-level marketing春运:(passenger)transportation during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车:maglev train (magnetically levitated train )/magnetic suspension打白条:to issue IOUs打假:to crack down on counterfeit goods打捆带货:bundled loans大路货:staple goods大排档:sidewalk snack booth/large stall大腕:top notch/a heavyweight待业:job-waiting单位:organizations and institutions党风廉政建设:build a fine Party culture and keeps its organization clean党群关系:Party-masses relationship党性:one’s Party morale/Party spirit/Party character倒爷:profiteer第二职业:second employment/second occupation第三产业:tertiary industry/service sector对外宣传工作:to conduct public diplomacy programs发展是硬道理:Development is of overriding importance防洪工程:flood-prevention project房管:real estate management放宽市场准入:relax control over market entry/ease market access扶贫:poverty alleviation福利分房:welfare-oriented public housing distribution system改革开放:reform and opening to the outside world港人治港:Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong高新技术产业开发区:high and new technological industry development zone搞活国营大中型企业:to revitalize/invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 革命老根据地:the old revolutionary base areas公费医疗:medical services at state expense公款吃喝:banquet at public expenses挂靠:to be attached or affiliated to/to be subordinated to挂职:to take up provisional post in官倒:official profiteering/official racketing规范收入分配秩序:standardize pattern of income distribution国家行政编制:government staff status长期国库券:treasury bonds国有大中型企业:large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises和平共处五项原则:the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence和平统一,一国两制的方针:the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”/the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country, two systems”和平演变:peaceful evolution towards capitalism和谐发展的内涵:the characteristics of a harmonious society 黑店:gangster inn黑社会:Mafia-style organizations; gangland红筹股:red-chip shares/red chips户口簿:residence booklet户口管理制度:domicile system/residence registration system户主:head of a household灰色收入:income from moonlighting火炬计划:Torch Program( a plan to develop new and high technology)基本国情:fundamental realities of the country基层民主:community-level democracy集体主义:community spirit/collectivism计划生育:family planning加强基层民主:to expand democracy at village and community level加强务实合作:to enhance cooperation in practical term假日经济:holiday economy坚持“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线:adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “one central task and two basic points”坚持两个文明一起抓:to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advocated both materially and culturally and ideologically减员增效、下岗分流:to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoff re-employed elsewhere讲文明礼貌:to promote civilized behavior/civic manners讲学习,讲政治,讲正气的党性党风教育:to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies, political awareness and integrity解放生产力:to emancipate the productive forces 解放思想:to free our mind戒急用忍:to overcome impetuosity exercise patience/no haste/be patient精简机构:to streamline government organs精神文明建设:to promote cultural and ethical progress纠风办:State Council Office for Rectification纠正不正之风:to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices军转民:military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production开展扫黄打非斗争:to eliminate/crack down on pornography and other illegal publications康居工程:the Affordable Housing Project科技是第一生产力:Science and technology constitute a primary productive force科教兴国战略:the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education科学民主决策:to make decisions scientifically and democratically跨世纪工程:trans-century project污损企业:enterprises running in the end/under deficit廉政建设:construction of a clean government龙头:to play a leading role in/to serve as a powerhouse乱摊派:indiscriminate levies/arbitrary imposition of quotas乱涨价:unauthorized price rise民工:out-of-town laborer/rural laborer/migrant laborer民族区域自治制度:the system of autonomy of ethnic regions磨洋工:to dawdle along南水北调工程:projects to divert water from the south to the north农转非:agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status普法教育:to enhance legal awareness企业政策性破产:policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise强国之路:the path to a strong China勤俭强国:to build the country with industry and thrift全民所有制:public ownership/public sector/publicly owned权力下放:to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels三角债:debt chains三通:direct links in postal service,air and shipping services and trade/three direct links ,mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits三峡工程:Three Gorges Projects三资企业:enterprises in the “three forms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures ,cooperative businesses and exclusively(wholly) foreign-owned enterprises扫黄:anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography社会主义基本制度:the basic system of socialism涉外婚姻:Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 生态补偿机制:ecological damage compensation mechanism十年动乱:the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil十年规划和“八五”计划纲要:the guidelines of the Ten-Year Program and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 实事求是:to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach事业编制:staffing of government affiliated institutions四有公民:citizens who have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline脱贫:to shake off poverty歪风邪气:unhealthy practices and evil phenomena晚婚晚育:late marriage and postponement of childbearing温饱问题:the problem of inadequate of inadequate food and clothing五好家庭:five-virtue family五讲四美三热爱:five stresses, four points of beauty and three aspects of love五讲四美运动:the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”: to promote civility ,courtesy, tidiness, orderliness and integrity下海:to take the plunge into private business下硬功夫:to make intensive efforts乡镇企业:township enterprise/rural enterprise小康社会:a well-off society小康生活;to lead a relatively comfortable life小商品市场:smalls fair信息高速公路:information(super)highway/info highway星火计划:Spark Program姓社姓资问题:distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism亚运村:Asian Games Village严打:to crack down on crimes and social evils严防死守:life-and-death defense一刀切:sweeping approach/to impose uniformity on(e.g, all enterprises)/action in disregard of objective conditions一国两制:one country, two systems一切向钱看:money-mania/money-mad/to put money above anything else依法治国: to rule the country in accordance with law移风易俗:to transform outmoded habit and custom以权谋私:to abuse power for personal gains优生优育:to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/to improve prenatal and postnatal care有经济头脑的人:commercially minded people/people with business sense跃上新台阶:to reach a new high 宰人:rip-off政企分开:to separate government functions from enterprise management支农惠农政策:policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers治理三乱:to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines, charges and levies治理整顿:to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order/economic improvement and rectification/economic retrenchment中央:the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government 重点贫困县:designated poverty-stricken counties重读建设:to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects抓住经济建设这个中心:to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development专业户:specialized household自负盈亏:to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss自留地:individual farm plots/private plots of land走共同致富的道路:to take the road of common prosperity遵纪守法:to observe discipline and abide by the law重要机构名称英译(一)学校各部门(大学)\校医院:university hospital保卫科:security section/office财务处:finance section/office基础部:basic training department教材科:teaching material section/office教务处:the dean’s office教研室:teaching and research room科研室:scientific research department膳食科:catering section/office外事处:foreign affairs office学生科:student affairs section/office学术委员会:academic committee研究生院:graduate school招生办公室:admission office政教处:political education section/office总务处:general affairs office(二)政党及组织九三学社:The Jiu San Society台湾民主政治同盟:The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League政治局:Political Bureau中共中央对外联络部:International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee 中共中央统战部:United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee中国共产主义青年团:Communist Youth League of China中国国民党革命委员会:The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomingtang中国民主促进会:China Association for Promoting Democracy中国民主建国会:China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主同盟:The China Democratic League中国农工民主党:Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党:China Zhi Gong Party中央办公厅:General Office of the Central Committee中央党校:Party School of the Central Committee; Central Party School中央顾问委员会:Advisory Commission of the Central Committee中央候补委员:Alternate Member of the Central Committee中央纪律检查委员会:Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee中央军事委员会:Military Commission of the Central Committee中央绿化委员会:Greening Commission of the Central Committee中央书记处:Secretariat of the Central Committee中央政法委员会:Commission of the Politics and Law of the Central Committee中央政治局:Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央政治局常务委员会:Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee 中央组织部:Organizing Department of the Central Committee(三)国务院所属各部、委、局兵器工业部:Ministry of Ordnance Industry财政部:Ministry of Finance城乡建设环境保护部:Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection地质矿产部:Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources电子工业部:Ministry of Electronic Industry对外经济贸易部:Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade对外贸易经济合作部:Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation纺织工业部:Ministry of Textile Industry工商行政管理总局:General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration公安部:Ministry of Public Security广播电影电视部:Ministry of Radio, Film and Television国防部:Ministry of State Defense国防科学技术工业委员会:the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security 国家安全部:Ministry of State Security国家标准总局:State Bureau of Standardization国家测量制图局:State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography国家档案局:State Archives Bureau国家地震局:State Seismological Bureau国家发展计划委员会:State Development Planning Commission国家海洋局:State Oceanic Bureau国家计量总局:State Bureau of Metrology国家经济体制改革委员会:the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System国家经济委员会:the State Economic Commission国家民族事务委员会:the State Nationalities Affairs Commission国家商品检验局:State Commodity Inspection Commission国家水产总局:State Bureau of Aquatic Products国家税务局:State Taxation Administration国家体育运动委员会:the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家统计局:State Statistical Bureau国家物价局:State Bureau of Commodity Prices国家新闻出版署:State Press and Publications Bureau国内贸易部:Ministry of Internal Trade国土局:Land and Resources Bureau国土资源部:Ministry of Land and Natural Resources国务院参事室:Office of Counselors to the State Council国务院港澳办公室:Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council 国务院侨务办公室:Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council海关总署:General Administration of Customs航天工业部:Ministry of Astronautics Industry核工业部:Ministry of Nuclear Industry华侨事务委员会:Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission化学工业部:Ministry of Chemical Industry机械工业部:Ministry of Machine-Building Industry监察部:Ministry of Supervision建设部:Ministry of Construction交通部:Ministry of Communications教育部:Ministry of Education科学技术部:Ministry of Science and Technology劳动和社会保障部:Ministry of Labor and Social Security林业部:Ministry of Forestry劳动人事部:Ministry of labor and Personnel Affairs旅行游览总局:General Administration of Travel and Tourism煤炭工业部:Ministry of Coal Industry民政部:Ministry of Civil Affairs农牧渔业部:Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery轻工业部:Ministry of Light Industry全国供销合作总社:All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing cooperatives审计署:Auditing Administration石油工业部:Ministry of Petroleum Industry水利电力部:Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power司法部:Ministry of Justice铁道部:Ministry of Railways外国专家局:Bureau of Foreign Experts Admission外交部:Ministry of Foreign Affairs文化部:Ministry is Culture信息产业部:Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Induastries冶金工业部:Ministry of Metallurgocan邮电部:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications宗教事务局:Bureau of Religious Affairs.(四)其他政府和群众组织中华全国妇女联合会:All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商联合会:All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国残疾人协会:Chinese Association for Trade Unions中国红十字会:Red Cross Society of China全国人民代表大会:National people’s Congress省人民代表大会:Provincial People’s Congress地区人民代表大会:Prefectural People’s Congress市人民代表大会:C ity People’s Congress自治区人民代表大会:Autonomous Regional People’s Congress中国人民政治协商会议:Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 最高人民法院:The Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院:Intermediate People’s Court中央法院:Central Court地方法院:Local Court人民检察院:People’s Procuratorate中国民用航空局:Civil Aviation of China中国民用航空总局:General Administration of Civil Aviation of China中国文字改革委员会:Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台:China Central Television Station (CCTV)中央气象局:Central Bureau of Meteorology中国人民广播电台:Central People’s Broadcasting Station中央文史研究馆:Central Research Institute of Culture and History新华社:Xinhua News Agency辞书出版社:Lexicographic Publishing House古籍出版社:Classics Press/Ancient Books Publishing House广播电视出版社:Broadcasting and Television Press人民出版社:People’s Publishing House商务印书馆:Commercial Press少年儿童出版社:Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House外文出版社:Foreign Languages Press社会科学出版社:Social Science Publishing House文艺出版社:Literature and Art Publishing House译文出版社:Translation Publishing House中国对外翻译出版公司:China Translation and Publishing Corporation .。
中国特色文化词汇及段落英译

常用的中国文化特色英译词汇风水:Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历:solar calendar阴历:lunar calendar闰年:leap year十二生肖:zodiac春节:the Spring Festival元宵节:the Lantern Festival清明节:the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节:the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节:the Mid-autumn Day重阳节:the Double-ninth Day七夕节:the Double-seventh Day春联:spring couplets春运:the Spring Festival travel把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运:turn the Chinese character forluck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sou nds like arrival) and put it on your door to bringin good fortune for the new y ear庙会:temple fair爆竹:firecracker年画:(traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱:New Year gift-money舞龙:dragon dance舞狮:lion dance元宵:sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯:festival lantern灯谜:lantern riddle食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要,但甜食对于农历新年特别重要,因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。
Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially import ant for LunarNew Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year.传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。
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文化负载词分类
• 美国著名翻译理论家奈达(Nida)将文化负载词 分为以下几类:
• 生态文化(ecological culture) • 物质文化(material culture) • 社会文化(social culture) • 宗教文化(religious culture) • 语言文化(linguistic culture
“八字”即生辰八字,负载了中国习俗文化特色。生辰八字用天干地支 表示人出生的年、月、日时,合起来是八个字。迷信的人认为根据生 辰八字可以推算出一个人命运好坏。由于中西文化的巨大差异造成了 “八字”这个词汇在译语中的语义空缺。这里译者采用了“文化替换” (cultural substitution)的方法,即以目的语中富于文化色彩或内 涵的意象来代替源语中特有的意象。将“八字”译为“horoscope” (即占星术,是指根据某一特定时刻行星与恒星的位置制成的天宫图 来进行预言,例如预言一个人的未来)。
中国位于东半球,西部是高山,东邻大海。这种地理位置使得秋冬 天西风吹起时,气候干冷。所以,西风在汉语文化中常指秋冬肃杀的 冷风,多用来比喻凄凉、清冷,有时还比喻为日趋没落的腐朽势力, 具有一种贬义。如:马致远《天净沙·秋思》中有:古道、西风、瘦 马。
相反,英国位于西半球,岛屿西邻大西洋,东部是欧洲大陆,当来 自大西洋的西风吹起时,英国正是万物复苏的季节,是春天来临的象 征,因此在英语文化中,西风是希望和力量的象征。如著名英国浪漫 主义诗人雪莱名诗《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind) 正是体现 了这一意义。
结语
文化负载词在文学翻译中起着举足轻重的作用,文学翻译 及英汉民族文学作品交流的成败很大程度上取决于文化负 载词的处理。我们从对以上五种文化负载词的翻译讨论了 直译(加注)、音译(加注)、意译(加注)、文化替换 等翻译方法。
文化负载词的翻译要求译者在准确恰当地理解他国文化中 的信仰、习俗审美价值观等方面的同时,忠实地传达本国 文化的精髓与灵魂,才能真正做到不同文化的交流。
According to Mrs. Chou, the Changs had asked for Hung- chien’s horoscope and requested a fortuneteller to match it with Miss Chang’s. The forecast for the couple was “A union made in heaven,full of fortune and prosperity.”
论《围城》文化负载词的翻译
钱钟书的小说《围城》,被誉为中国现代 文学中“最伟大的一部”,向我们展现了20 世纪前 半期半殖民地半封建社会的中国土壤中孽生出来 的畸形知识分子群,揭露了造成这类人沉沦的社 会环境。小说涉及到了文化的方方面面,溶入了许 多极具中国传统文化特色的词语,它们构成了小 说的一大特色。
但是笔者认为在这里采取这种处理方法会引起英语读者对源语中“八 字”词汇意义上的严重扭曲,同时也失去了其文化色彩。笔者认为将 “八字”直译为“Eight Characters about his birth”,并加注对 “Eight Characters”做出解释的方法更为妥当。可以附上“Eight Characters:in four pairs,with each pair consisting of one Heavenly Stem and one Earthly Branch,indicating the year,month,day and hour of one's birth,used formerly in fortune-telling”,这样,一方面传达了源语 的词汇内容,同时又恰如其分地将源语文化负载词汇中的文化因素传 达出来。
参考文献
• 史晓南. (河南省化学工业学校,河南郑州) 汉英文化负载词翻译策略探讨
• 张秀荣. ( 鲁东大学大学外语教学部,山东 烟台)论《围城》文化负载词的翻译
Thanks For Your Attention
物质文化词
物质文化是指一个民族的经济生活和日用 物品、生产工具和设施以及科学技术等等 的件。世界各民族生活习惯不同,所用的 物质产品也会有很大的差异。
例2:那男孩子的母亲已有三十开外,穿件半旧的黑纱旗 袍,满面劳碌困倦,加上天生的倒挂眉毛,愈觉得愁苦可 怜。
The toddler’s mother,already in her thirties,was wearing an old black chiffon Chinese dress,a face marked by toil and weariness,her slanting downward eyebrows made her look
很显然,通过上述分析我们知道,西风与west wind虽然概念意义 相同,但由于生态环境的不同联想意义有着很大的差别。另外,文中 吃西风即喝西北风,是指没有东西吃,挨饿。此句中,将西风直译为 west wind,只能让译语读者感到茫然和困惑。在这种直译行不通又 没有对应说法的情况下,意译为“having nothing to eat”也是一 种准确传达源语信息的不可避免的手段。
even more miserable.
Note:The Chinese dress refers to ch’i- p’ao,which has a
high collar that usually fits close to the neck.
旗袍,是中国女性的传统袍服,是典型的汉语文化词汇。 这种蕴含着丰富中国文化内涵的词汇,在英语中没有对应 的词汇,这就出现了词汇空缺现象。对这个词汇的处理作 者采用了直译并加注的翻译方法。但笔者认为音译并加注 这种方法更确切,因为这种译法不仅便于译语读者想象出 旗袍的形象,并能保留源语文化色彩。
例8:以后飞机接连光顾,大有绝世佳人一顾倾城、再顾 倾国的风度。
Later,the plane kept coming in much the same manner as the peerless beauty whose “one glance could conquer a city and whose second glance could vanquish an empire.” Note:An expression which describe superlative beauty;it is equivalent to Helen of Troy in Western literature.
宗教文词
宗教文化是人类文化中一个重要的组成部 分,是由不同民族文化背景下的宗教信仰、 价值观念和形态形成的,主要表现为不同 民族的崇尚心理和言语行为等方面的差异, 从而产生跨文化交际的隔阂和语言翻译上 的障碍。
例5:“辛楣一来,就像阎王派的勾魂使者,你什么都不 管了。”
“As soon as Hsin- mei got here as though he were a messenger sent by the King of Hades,you became oblivious
社会文化词
一个民族的传统、习俗、生活方式、社会 活动的特点和形式以及对个人、社会和阶 层的习惯称谓等都属于社会文化的范畴。 不同的社会有不同的历史背景、政治特色、 习俗文化和称谓方式,这便形成了独具民 族特色的社会文化词语。
例4:据周太太说,张家把他八字要去了,请算命人排过,跟他们小姐 的命“天作之合,大吉大利”。
文化词语英译
重庆工商大学 李百凌
目录
一、文化负载词的含义 二、文化负载词分类 三、论《围城》文化负载词的翻译
文化负载词的含义
• 语言(Language)不仅是人类思想感情表达与交流的工具, 而且是文化的载体,是文化的重要组成部分。语言能真切 地反映一个国家、一个民族的生态地域、物质文化、宗教 信仰、风俗习惯等。不同的语言决定了不同民族的不同思 维方式、行为方式以及语言表达方式。因此,语言中不可 避免地存在着巨大的文化差异, 进而产生了一定数量的文 化负载词。
生态文化词
文化是在特定的生态环境下形成和发展的,不同 地域有不同的文化。生态文化包括一个民族的地 理环境、气候特点、地名等等。由于地理位置、 生态环境的不同和生存地域的差别,造成了中西 方民族认知上的差异,从而形成了各自独特的文 化。即便是同一事物,在中西方文化中引起的联 想也未必一致,有时甚至截然相反。
to everything else.”
佛教称管地狱的神为阎王,而Hades 是希腊神话中冥界之 神,同时也指冥界或地狱。由于在英语中找不到与“阎王” 完全对等的词汇,译者采用了与其概念意义不尽相同但文 化意义有所接近的词汇“the king of Hades”来代换了,这 种“文化替换”巧妙地传达了“阎王”的真实含义。但 “勾魂使者”被翻译成“the messenger”则丧失了原有的 文化信息。为了向译语读者传达源语的文化形象,弥补流 失的文化信息,译者采用了加注的方法(注: someone
例1:仿佛洋车夫辛辛苦苦把坐车人拉到了饭店,依然拖 着空车子吃西风,别想跟他进去吃。
It was like the rickshaw boy who pulls his passenger up to a restaurant after much pain and effort,and then is still left to drag along his empty rickshaw,feeding on the west wind, with never a thought of going in to eat with him.
句中“一顾倾城、再顾倾国”直译为“one glance could conquer a city and whose second glance could vanquish an empire”。为了让译语读者能欣赏到原著的语言艺术, 译者采取了直译法将一个绝世美人形象和敌机接连轰炸的 庞大气势含蓄完整地传达给译语读者,同时为了在译文读 者中再现这种“倾国倾城”的绝世佳人形象,译者采取了 加注的方法以进一步解释。