阅读理解之篇章结构题
高考英语复习专题阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题
专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题班级姓名学号分数（测试时间：45分钟）1.The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shad egrown p roduction to fullsun production endangers the very existence of，certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the destru ction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrow ing techniq ues are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of o xygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniq ues are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?【推理关系】题干Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?☞文章内容本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。
浅析高考阅读理解篇章结构命题思路及答题技巧
浅析高考阅读理解篇章结构命题思路及答题技巧一、“篇章结构”题型的命题分析现在，全国多个省市都采用“篇章结构”型阅读理解题（即七选五），试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。
《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
”阅读理解选择题部分的文章是完整的，在通读文章或查读细节时，思路不会被打断。
而此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。
而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。
另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。
该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。
二、篇章结构的考查要点这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求，即不仅要有阅读速度，要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次。
不过，只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点，出题位置，在阅读文章时有意识地加强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解，掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构，对迅速增强此类新题型的应对能力还是非常有帮助的。
三、篇章结构解题步骤1在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。
首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。
篇章结构——精选推荐
阅读理解突破(五)篇章结构题解题技巧及高分策略一. 篇章结构题解题技巧1. 按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构【命题趋向】对《考试大纲》中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求，往往通过篇章结构题来考查。
高考对这类题型的考查形式之一：对文章组织结构的理解。
这类题是近两年来出现的主要考查议论文结构的命题新方式，并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。
分析这一类题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查有两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。
（1）这类题经常用到的提问方式是：a. How is the passage organized?b. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（2）常见的段落结构如下：A．B．C．D．①①①①②②③②③④④③④⑤⑤⑤②③④⑤图A表明：①（Paragraph 1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。
同样我们很容易理解图B、C、D所示的段落结构的意义。
例：(2008.北京卷. E)The Diet Zone: A Dangerous PlaceDiet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）.Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have azero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don‟t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.75. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?解析：第一段最后一句出现了本文的中心论点（CP）：We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically, 第二段第一句Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically为论点一，On one level…与第三段On another level分别引出次要点；第四段第一句…but also lies in the physical harm that they ca use为第二个论点；最后一段概括全文。
高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧
高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧阅读理解占有较大的分值,把握有效的解题技巧可以有效快速解题,下面就是我给大家带来的高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧，盼望大家喜爱！高考英语阅读篇章结构题解题技巧1．确定指代关系。
最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/…” in paragraph… refers to… …2．对句子意义或作用的理解。
最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “… …” in paragraph … means ….; The example of … … in para….is used to illustrate/show … ….3．对段落大意或段落作用的理解。
最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that … …; The purpose of writing Paragraph … is …. ….4．对文章组织结构的理解。
最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized?；Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?在上述几类题中考生感觉难做的题是第四类, 这类题是近两年来消失的主要考查谈论文结构的命题新方式,且逐步得到语言教育专家们的认可。
并逐步推广到对其他文体结构的考查。
分析这一类的题我们看出：对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。
一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章的结构。
首先，看看这样考查从段落层次理解文章的结构。
这类题常常用到的提问方式是：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 常见的段落结构有如下几种状况：图1表明：①（Paragraph 1）是主题段（提出论题或论点），②、③段是就同一论据或者问题的同一方面作论述，④用另一论据材料或者从问题的另一方面论述，⑤段是结论段或者是用来重述论题、强调论点的段落。
2023届阅读理阅读技巧专练：篇章结构(含答案)
2023届阅读理阅读技巧专练:篇章结构（共5题）一、阅读理解题（共5题）Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be "very" or "somewhat" overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today's parents are trying to manage their children's lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their "adult" children.In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents' involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn't present a generation ago Many studies show that older parents—today's grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of better communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.(1) The surveys inform us of _____.A．the development of technologyB．the changes of adult children's behaviorC．the parents' over-protection of their college childrenD．the means and expenses of students' communication(2) The writer believes that _____.A．parents today are more protective than those in the pastB．the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages C．technology explains greater involvement with their childrenD．parents' changed attitudes lead to college children's delayed independence (3) What is the best title for the passageA．Technology or AttitudeB．Dependence or IndependenceC．Family Influences or Social ChangesD．College Management or Communication Advancement(4) Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passageI: introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: conclusionA．A B．B C．C D．DBrad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. Expecting a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. "This will be like a walk in the park," he'd told his wife. "I'll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom."Things started well, but just after eight o'clock, his three little "good kids"—Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted "breakfast, daddy." When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex's head as if it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat. Mike chanted "Where's my toast, where's my toast" in the background. Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.Life became worse after breakfast. Mike wore Randy's underwear on his head. Randy locked himself in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, although they were before their very eyes. Someone named "Not Me" had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started.By ten o'clock, things were out of control. Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared to be reading quietly in the family room, but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realised that the talk show was over and reading would be impossible.At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre. "I suddenly have to go into work and my wife's away. Can I bring the boys over in a few minutes " The answer was obviously "yes" because Brad was smiling.(1) When his wife left home, Brad expected to _____.A．go out for a walk in the parkB．watch TV talk show with his childrenC．enjoy his first day off workD．read the newspaper to his children(2) Which of the following did Randy doA．Drawing on the wall. B．Eating apple jam.C．Feeding the fish. D．Reading in a room.(3) Why did Brad ask the daycare centre for helpA．Because he wanted to clean up his house.B．Because he suddenly had to go to his office.C．Because he found it hard to manage his boys.D．Because he had to take his wife back home.(4) This text is developed _____.A．by space B．by comparison C．by process D．by timeA Colourful PuzzlePeople often wear clothing with colours that express something about themselves. A happy person might choose to wear a bright yellow shirt. A swimmer might wear a sea-blue dress.Animals appear in different colours too. butthey don't get to pick what they wear everymorning. Scientists have known for a long time about some of the ways animal colouring can be beneficial. They know that some animals'colours attract mates or show who is boss. Other animals'colours blend (融合) in with their environment; thus the animals cannot be seen by their enemies. Still,scientists do not fully understand why blue jays are blue or why rainforest frogs are golden. Now many scientists are working hard to figure out the puzzles of animal colours.Part of the answer can be found in an animal's habitat, the place where it lives. It turns out that many animals—especially birds, fish, and reptiles—can see more colours than humans can. These creatures notice colours that stand out in their habitat. For example, forests are mostly green, brown, and yellow. For an animal to be seen by others of its species, it would have to be a different colour than its background. That explains why you can find birds of many shades of blue living in forests.Another piece of the puzzle lies in what an animal eats. Birds often eat things that have chemicals in them called "carotenoids" (类葫萝卜素). These chemicals are what make tomatoes red and bell peppers bright orange or yellow. When birds eat these foods, the carotenoids affect the colour of their feathers. For example, a cardinal's bright red feathers will become lighter or darker depending on how many berries it has found to eat.Some animals do not have any colour at all—but they are not just white; they are transparent (透明的)! Transparent animals live mostly in the ocean. This amazing wonder of nature came about because the animals needed a way to escape their enemies. They are often slow, defenseless creatures that would have no way of fighting back if larger animals wanted to eat them. Because there are few places to hide in the ocean, these creatures have to hide in plain sight. A good example of this kind of transparent creature is the jellyfish. A jellyfish’s body is almost all water, so it is very hard to see it floating in the ocean.Animals come in all kinds of colours. Their colours are caused by many different factors, and most animals will remain the same colour for their whole lives. Think how lucky we are to get to change our feathers every day!(1) What is the main idea of this articleA．Animals appear in many different colours.B．Animals are unable to choose their colours.C．Animals'colours are caused by different factors.D．Animals need colours to blend into their surroundings.(2) According to the passage, what is the reason that some animals are transparent A．It marks the places they live in.B．It shows the leader of the group.C．It helps them to escape enemies.D．It allows their mates to see them.(3) It can be inferred that why football players wear uniforms during a game is _____. A．to identify group members B．to show their personalitiesC．to distinguish the group leader D．to blend in with the environment(4) The passage is mainly organized by _____.A．comparisons B．explanationsC．order of events D．order of importanceI was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, "Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!" Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me. "Thanks."Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.(1) What made Kate angry one eveningA．She couldn't find her books.B．She heard the author shouting loud.C．She got the news that her grandma was ill.D．She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.(2) The author tidied up the room most probably because _____.A．she was scared by Kate's angerB．she hated herself for being so messyC．she wanted to show her careD．she was asked by Kate to do so(3) How is Paragraph 1 mainly developedA．By analyzing causes. B．By showing differences.C．By describing a process. D．By following time order.(4) What might be the best title for the storyA．My Friend Kate B．Hard Work Pays OffC．How to Be Organized D．Learning to Be RoommatesEarly or Later Day CareMany young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and there have always been different views on this subject.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and lead to psychological problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes, and many people do believe this.According to Bowlby, a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are separated from their parents. If they are left without touch for a while, they will have a higher stress level. Parents' influence on their children's well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment.However, there are critics. Some anthropologists (人类学家) point out that the love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. There has been a long history of the fact that father and mother did not bring up their children alone. Plato, around 394 B.C, argued that a system of early child care would free women to participate in society. Results from Israeli and Dutch studies show that child-raising duties are more evenly distributed among a broader group of people.Besides, studies have reported that early day care has a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. They learn the benefits of being socially smart, understanding the concept of sharing and caring. They promote concentration skills, which is very important in their learning. There are games where children are taught basic language and mathematical skills through stories and everyday examples. Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three dislike leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three almost all children find it easy to go to the nursery. The matter, then, is far from being clearly known, though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children.(1) The passage mainly argues whether _____.A．children over three will accept school educationB．children under three should be sent to nursery schoolsC．the family relationship is different in traditional societiesD．early day care should be totally replaced in modern societies(2) Which of the following supports Bowlby's theoryA．Early day care wouldn't be so popular if it had negative effects.B．Separation from parents for young children is common in history.C．Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with. D．Studies show early day care has a positive effect on children's development. (3) The author's attitude towards early day care is that _____.A．children under three should stay with their parentsB．it has potential benefits for both children and parentsC．the bad effect of it on children will disappear as they grow upD．it is controversial and the settlement calls for the use of statistics(4) Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passageA．B．C．D．答案一、阅读理解题（共5题）1. 【答案】(1) C(2) C(3) A(4) B【解析】(1) 【文章大意】文章以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问题为例，提出了科技带来的一些改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。
高三年级英语阅读理解长难句解析与篇章结构把握单选题60题
高三年级英语阅读理解长难句解析与篇章结构把握单选题60题1. In the novel, the character who always wears a red hat, ____ is a symbol of his unique identity, often appears in crucial scenes.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it答案：A。
解析：在这个句子中，“who always wears a red hat”是定语从句修饰“the character”，而“which is a symbol of his unique identity”这个定语从句是对“a red hat”进行修饰，which在从句中作主语。
从句在这里补充说明了红色帽子在篇章中作为角色独特身份的象征意义，有助于理解角色在关键情节中出现时这个象征物的重要性，对把握篇章结构中角色的塑造有辅助理解的作用。
2. The story takes place in a small town where people, ____ most of them are fishermen, live a simple life.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. of whom答案：D。
解析：此句中“where people...live a simple life”是定语从句修饰“a small town”，“of whom most of them are fishermen”是对“people”的补充说明，whom指代people，这里的从句介绍了小镇居民的职业情况，在篇章结构上进一步丰富了小镇的人物构成情况，有助于理解故事发生的背景环境。
3. After the storm had passed, the hero, ____ was exhausted but still determined, continued his journey.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what答案：A。
高考英语-阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(测)-专题练习(七)有答案
高考英语专题练习（七）阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（测）There are many places to go on safari（观赏野生动物）in Africa, but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys.Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.The morning ride, when the guides take you to beautiful, shallow lakes full of water lilies, tends to be more active. It is unlike any other riding experience. With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face, it is truly exciting. You are very likely to come across large wild animals, too. On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants, giraffes and many other animals. The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though, as does your heart rate, as you move closer to them.In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impress ive. As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine. Looking back on your day, you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.2．The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by________.A．following space orderB．following time orderC．making classificationsD．giving examples3．Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys （调查）on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context（背景）of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does thepossibility of f requent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents —today’s grandparents — would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.3．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?（）4．【贵州省遵义航天高级中学高三第四次模拟】When should people be made to retire? 55? 65? Should there be a compulsory age limit?Many old people work well into their 70s and 80s, running families, countries or corporations. Other people, however, despite being fit and highly talented, are forced to retire in their fifties or even earlier because of the regulations of a company or the nation. This essay will examine whether people should be allowed to continue working as long as they want or whether they should be encouraged to retire at a particular stage.Some people think there are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able. First of all, older employees have an immense amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to abusiness or organization if they are made to retire. A second point is that older employees are often extremely loyal employees and are more willing to carry out company policies than younger less committed staff. However, a more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people. To force someone to resign or retire at 60 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over. Age is irrelevant to a working life, surely if older employees are told they cannot work after 60, this is age discrimination. That they become old does not necessarily mean they are going to be sick. Old people could be more aware, experienced and committed than some youngsters.Others, however, think that allowing older people to work indefinitely is not a good policy. Age alone is no guarantee of ability. Old people are only ambitious workaholics who are too selfish and self-centered to believe that a younger person could do better. Actually, many younger employees have more experience or skills than older staff, who may have been stuck in one area or unit for most of their working lives. Having compulsory retirement allows new ideas in an organization. In addition, without age limits, however, many people would continue to work purely because they did not have any other plans or roles. A third point of view is that older people should be rewarded by society for their life’s labor by being given generous pensi ons and the freedom to enjoy their leisure. We now have youngsters who can’t find jobs because old people are choosing not to retire. Old people are not retiring because this new generation of “old people” think they will never die due to modern advances i n medicine.With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers. However, this can affect the older individual’s freedom and right to work and can deprive（剥夺）society of valuable experience and insights. I feel that giving workers more flexibility and choice over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual.4．The passage is arranged as follows ________5．【陕西省咸阳市武功县高三上学期摸底考试】Salvador Dali （1904-1989）was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities（无限）. “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration（合作）with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.5．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? ________A．By popularityB．By time and subject.C．By size and shapeD．By importance.阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（测）答案1~5 ABBAB阅读理解Ⅳ:篇章结构题（测）解析1．【文章大意】随着现代科技的发展，树荫下种植的咖啡产量越来越少，取而代之的是受到阳光暴晒的考费。
高考英语阅读理解题型训练——篇章结构
高考难点突破高考英语阅读理解题型训练篇章结构〔解题思路〕英语文章的阅读理解首先要从文章的篇章结构入手，弄清了作者谋篇布局的设计之后，才能更好地理解全文的主旨大意和具体细节。
各种体裁的文章篇章结构都有一定的写作规律，如议论文一般遵循:提出问题，分析问题，解决问题的过程;记叙文一般以故事的发生、发展和结局为写作顺序;说明文突出体现说明事物的特点。
文章篇章结构试题经常设问的试题有：How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.（举例子）B. By making comparisons.（作比较）C. By following the order of time. （按时间顺序）D. By following the order of importance. （按重要性顺序）〔典例剖析〕A (湖北卷)Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy .After all ,you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy .However ,they sing most of the time for a very different reason .Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.Do you know what a “territory” is ?A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own .Only he and his family are welcome there .No other families of the same species are welcome .Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome . If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you ,you might shout .Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.If so ,you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him .A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time ,especially at nesting（筑巢）season. So he is screaming all the time ,whether he can see an outsider or not .This screaming is what we call a bird’s song ,and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.You can see that birds have a language all their own .Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.59．How does the writer explain birds’ singing?A．By comparing birds with human beings.B．By reporting experiment results.C．By describing birds’ daily life.D．By telling a bird’s story.分析：由文章第一、二两段：Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy. Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory. 可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
(3)了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上 讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分 类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。 其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和 说明文中最常用的写作手法，是历年高 考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。 “引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增 强说服力，以更好地达到说理和说明 的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功 能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
①Put forward a question →Analyze the
Байду номын сангаас
question → Solve the question (提出问 题→分析问题→解决问题); ②Argument/Idea → Evidence → Conclusion/Restating the idea (由论点 到论据到结论或者强调论点)。
B．篇章结构题主要的解题策略有： (1)了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组 织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三 种：总分式结构(总→分； 总→分→ 总； 分→总)； 并列式结构(段落之间是 平行关系，并且相对独立); 对照式 结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。 (2)了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上 讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：
最近两年，篇章结构题频繁地出 现在各地高考英语阅读理解题中，已 经成为了一种新颖而独立的阅读题 型。 从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考 查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力； 考查考生对后文内容的预测能力； 考 查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的 鉴赏能力 。
A. 篇章结构题主要的设题方式有： (1)How is the passage organized? (2)Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage? (4)The author develops the passage mainly by ________. (5)The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________. (6)The example of…is given to show/illustrate that________.