研究生入学考试英语模拟试题三
考研英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)1．Even the Saudis—or rather, the small number of men who actually rule their troubled country—are giving ground in the struggle for women’s rights. For sure, the recommendations (1)_____ this week to Crown Prince Abdullah at the end of an (2)_____ round of “national dialogue” concentrating on the role of women were fairly tame. in the reformers-versus-reactionaries (3)_____ test of whether women should, be allowed to drive cars (at present they cannot do so in the kingdom, nor can they travel unaccompanied, by whatever (4)_____ of motion), the king was merely asked to”(5)_____ a body to study a public-transport system for women to facilitate mobility”. (6)_____ mention, of course, of the right to vote—but then that has been (7)_____ to men too, though local elections, on an apparently universal franchise, are supposed to be held in October. In sum, it is a tortoise’s progress. But the very fact of the debate happening at all is (8)_____ —and hopeful. It is not just in Saudi Arabia that more rights for women are being demanded (9)_____ across the whole of the Arab and Muslim world. The pushy Americans have made women’s rights part of their appeal for greater democracy in (10)_____ they now officially call the “broader Middle East”, to include non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Turkey and even Afghanistan. Many Arabs have cautioned the Americans against seeking to (11)_____ their own values on societies with such different traditions and (12)_____. Many leading Muslims have (13)_____ the culturally imperious Americans of seeking to (14)_____ Islam. The (15)_____ for more democracy in the Muslim world issued by leaders of the eight biggest industrial countries was watered down for fear of giving (16)_____. Yet, despite the Arabs’ prickliness, the Americans have helped pep up a debate that is now bubbling fiercely in the Arab world, even (17)_____ many Arab leaders, none of whom is directly elected by the people, are understandably (18)_____ of reforms that could lead to their own toppling. Never before have women’s rights in the Arab world been so (19)_____ debated. That (20)_____ is cause to rejoice.A．remouldedB．inheritedC．accordedD．handed正确答案：D解析：本题是一道语意逻辑推导题。
考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题模拟及答案
考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题及答案考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her newbook Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improvetheir lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of manypubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.”Dare to bedifferent, please don’t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenbergargues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via socialcommunication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: weunconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality ofVermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plantrunning. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since , when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past . In , the state went a step further, requiring that anyextension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along. Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happennext. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of anunderground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year againstallowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the agreement is invalid because of the legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left tolose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promisesfrom Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny andacceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Littlereward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim –a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Gy.rgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without sufferingmuch in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’spublic-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes frompublic-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute ofCalifornia points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies andmerit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions haverallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit thosewho want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’fat pay packets haveattracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much biggerproblem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector unionmembership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one fromthe list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.(41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the firstmedia machine that serves as the mode of production, meansof distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret warfor two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of productionremains, with a small number of people uploadingmaterial, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining contentto just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneselfof a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn ofthe millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only beginto imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world'smedia culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinianevolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such atheory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless,unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable tosuppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewilderingvariety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.(48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex culturalbehavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies areality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution ofgrammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans areborn with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generativerules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children canlearn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifyingtraits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases thatresult from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between themrepresent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language changethat are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergianuniversality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither ofthese patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lireage-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students’Unionto1)extend your welcome and provide some suggestions for their campus life here.2)You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “LiMing”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解Section I Use of English1．【答案】B【解析】从空后信息能够看出，这句表示的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，因此应该选C, maintain“维持，保持”，其它显然语义不通。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(三)真题答案及解析
16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused
17.ATo be fairBFor instanceCTo be briefDin general
18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully
11.Ainsufficiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱntBboundClikelyDslow
12.AOn the basis ofBAt the cost ofCIn addition toDIn contrast to
13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate
14.AAs usualBIn particularCBy definitionDAfter all
11.【答案】C likely
【解析】此处考察固定搭配。be likely to可能。insufficient不足的，不够的；bound捆绑的，束缚的，有义务的；slow缓慢的。
12.【答案】A On the basis of
【解析】此处考察短语辨析+上下文逻辑。__12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice.12预防性原则，可以说遵循FSA的建议是13。On the basis of以...为基础，根据，按照；At the cost of以...为代价；In addition to除...之外；In contrast to与之相对，相反。
6.AunderBatCforDby
2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷
2022全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试卷英语（一）模拟3试卷条形码考生注意事项1.答题前，考生应按照准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息，粘贴“考生信息条形码”。
2.将试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴到答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。
考生不按照规定粘贴条形码影响考试的结果，考生责任自负。
3.客观题答案填涂按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。
如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
英译汉和写作部分必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上做答。
字迹要清楚。
考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage.For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.(10 points)Interpersonal communication is your_____1_____interaction with others.Talking to a friend on campus,chatting to a friend on campus,chatting on the phone with a classmate about an_____2_____test, arguing the____3______of a movie with friends,discussing strategies for accomplishing tasks at work, ___4____for a job,and planning the future_____5_____a loved one are all forms of interpersonal communication.Effective interpersonal communication____6____our sensitivity to others and to the situation.One goal of effective interpersonal communication is to maintain relationships,and forming__7___messages that accurately convey our ideas and feelings___8___not offending the other person is key__9___our success.Effective interpersonal communication____10____us.People who can clearly express their ideas,beliefs, and opinions become influential and___11___control over what happens to them and to others that they ___12___.When we accurately and precisely___13____our thoughts,others gain a better____14____for our position.Their understanding and appreciation make it more likely that they will respond in___15____that are consistent with our needs.Effective interpersonal communication helps us manage the___16___we create.Presenting ourselves in such a way that others will___17___and trust us is important in both public and private____18____—whether we’re communicating in a professional setting,___19___our interpersonal skills are vital to getting a job, holding a position,or rising in an organization,or in a private setting where we’re trying to___20____and maintain relationships.1.[A]familiar[B]informal[C]intimate[D]close2.[A]upcoming[B]final[C]mid-term[D]intermediate3.[A]advances[B]strength[C]population[D]fondness4.[A]interview[B]interfere[C]interact[D]interpret5.[A]for[B]with[C]over[D]to6.[A]describes[B]conveys[C]portrays[D]betrays7.[A]sound[B]directory[C]diction[D]verbal8.[A]if[B]when[C]while[D]as9.[A]to[B]of[C]for[D]in10.[A]empowers[B]reinforces[C]supports[D]sustains11.[A]exhaust[B]exert[C]affect[D]enact12.[A]care about[B]care for[C]care with[D]take to13.[A]interpret[B]decipher[C]encode[D]decode14.[A]assessment[B]evaluation[C]appreciation[D]appraisal15.[A]approaches[B]methods[C]ways[D]ends16.[A]impressions[B]practices[C]things[D]experiences17.[A]respect[B]despise[C]mock[D]sneer at18.[A]settings[B]locations[C]situations[D]circumstances19.[A]when[B]where[C]how[D]if20.[A]work[B]build[C]keep[D]retainSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A B C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text OneThe importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic.Most of these books,as well as several chapters,mainly in, but not limited to,journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts,stress the“how to”aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,its context,and implications.Much of the“how to”material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know,in journalism as in other fields,much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is,as has been suggested,a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting,but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.On the other hand,many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers.Unhappily,this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview.The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.First,it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar,at least in a positive manner,with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing.Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview,such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help.Another familiar situation is the job interview.However,very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media,particularly by television.And yet,we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers,listeners,and viewers.Even so,true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews,requires thoughtful analyses and even study,as this book indicates.21.The main idea of the first paragraph is that________.[A]generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism[B]importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing[C]concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing[D]personal experience and general impression should be excluded from journalistic interviews22.Much research has been done on interviews in general________.[A]so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened[B]though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attention[C]but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected[D]and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing23.Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,________.[A]but most of them wish to stay away from it[B]and many of them hope to be interviewed some day[C]and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it[D]but most of them may not have been interviewed in person24.The word“empirical”(Para.2)most probably means[A]hypothetical[B]practical[C]reciprocal[D]hysterical25.The text is most likely a part of a________.[A]news article[B]journalistic interview[C]research report[D]prefaceText2The future of space exploration depends on many things.It depends on how technology evolves,how political forces shape competition and partnerships between nations,and how important the public feels space exploration is.The near future will see the continuation of human space flight in Earth's orbit and unpiloted space flight within the solar system.Piloted space flight to other planets,or even back to the moon,still seems far away.Any flight to other solar systems is even more distant,but a huge advance in space technology could drive space exploration into realms currently explored only by science fiction.The1968film2001:A Space Odyssey depicted commercial shuttles flying to and from a giant wheel-shaped space station in orbit around Earth,bases on the moon,and a piloted mission to Jupiter.The real space activities of2001will not match this cinematic vision,but the21st century will see a continuation of efforts to transform humanity into a space faring species.Perhaps the most difficult problem space planners face is how to finance a vigorous program of piloted space exploration in Earth’s orbit and beyond.In1998no single government or international enterprise had plans to send people back to the moon,much less to Mars.Such missions are unlikely to happen until the perceived value exceeds their cost.One belief shared by a number of space exploration experts is that future lunar and Martian expeditions should be aimed at creating permanent settlements.The residents of such outposts would have to"live off the land,"obtaining such necessities as oxygen and water from the harsh environment.On the moon,pioneers could obtain oxygen by heating lunar soil.In1998the Lunar Prospector discovered evidence of significant deposits of ice,a valuable resource for settlers,mixed with soil at the lunar poles.On Mars,oxygen could be extracted from the atmosphere and water could come from buried deposits of ice.The future of piloted lunar and planetary exploration remains largely unknown.Most space exploration scientists believe that people will be on the moon and Mars by the middle of the21st century,but how they getthere,and the nature of their visits,is a subject of continuing debate.Clearly,key advances will need to be made in lowering the cost of getting people off Earth,the first step in any human voyage to other worlds.Space exploration experts have long hoped that as international tensions have eased,an increasing number of space activities could be undertaken on an international,cooperative basis.In addition to the economic savings that could result from nations pooling their resources to explore space,the new perspective gained by space voyages could be an important benefit to international relations.The Apollo astronauts have said the greatest discovery from our voyages to the Moon was the view of their own world as a precious island of life in the void.Ultimately that awareness could help to improve our lives on Earth.26.A flight to other solar systems will be made more possible by_________[A]technological breakthroughs.[B]international cooperation.[C]market competition.[D]public pressure.27.It can be inferred from Paragraph2that human society will become increasingly_________[A]worried about life on other planets.[B]dependent on space tourism.[C]accustomed to long-distance flights.[D]associated with space exploration.28.It is difficult to send people to other planets because of_________[A]lack of capacity of space exploration vehicles.[B]the financial expenditure involved in space travel.[C]controversial nature of space travel.[D]the uncertain future of space exploration.29.According to this text,piloted space missions will need to be_________[A]more exciting than earlier film versions.[B]supported by international organizations.[C]more cost-effective than they appear to be at present.[D]financed by individual governments.30.It is predicted that people who will live on other planets would have to_________[A]appreciate the harsh conditions they encounter there.[B]depend on the natural resources available there.[C]take most daily necessities along with them.[D]engage in scientific research.Text3Big Western oil firms were reporting their results for the third quarter as the oil price climbed towards$100 a barrel during the past few weeks.Record oil prices,it turns out,do not translate into record profits.Oil is now close to exceeding the record set in1979of between$100and$110,depending on how you adjust for inflation and what criterion you use.Yet almost without exception,big oil firms'profits are falling from the peaks reached last year.Exxon Mobil,for example,reported a10%drop in profits in the third quarter,and BP's fell even more sharply.Profits also fell at Chevron,ConocoPhillips and Eni.They rose at Total and Royal Dutch Shell—but only thanks to exchange-rate fluctuations and one-off asset sales.Analysts at Citigroup calculate that,measured in dollars,the biggest oil firms'earnings fell by15%on average.To be fair,the oil price has surged most dramatically since the end of September,although it was also buoyant in the third quarter.The majors'poor showing also reflects lower profits from refining,as the difference in price between petrol and crude oil has fallen from the exceptionally high levels of recent months.But the fact remains that oil giants are struggling to pump more oil and gas.In part,this is due to a quirk of the rules that oblige Western oil firms to share the crude they produce with state-owned oil firms in many countries.The contracts in question often rule that as the price goes up,the volume of oil the foreigners receive decreases.Worse,several countries are changing contracts or tax rules in ways that will further erode the Western oil firms'profits—and in some cases are throwing them out altogether.Rising costs are also a problem.Exxon,which is known for its strict financial discipline,saw costs rise almost twice as fast as revenue in the third quarter.The shortage of labor and equipment that is feeding this inflation is also causing delays to new projects.And there are not enough new projects in the pipeline.The International Energy Agency reckons that the expansion plans of the big Western and state-owned oil firms will leave the world12.5m barrels per day short of requirements in2015.Despite this looming deficit and the glaring price signal,all the big companies except Total produced less oil and gas in the third quarter than they did in the same period last year.According to Citigroup,the average decline in overall output was3.3%.If the relatively steady supply of natural gas is stripped out,the numbers look even worse:oil production fell by9%on average.No matter how high the price goes,the oil majors cannot make a profit from oil they do not produce.31.We can learn from the first paragraph that_______[A]the oil price is not really close to the degree of exceeding the historical record.[B]whether the oil price will break the record rests on the measurement used.[C]the oil price is rising and will continue rising to the historical record.[D]the profit of the oil production industry reached the historical record last year.32.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the situation of the third quarter?[A]Most oil companies were suffering a serious loss in the third quarter.[B]Some companies also enjoyed rising profits in the third quarter.[C]The oil refining industry was also suffering a surplus reduction in the third quarter.[D]The oil price was on the rise in the third quarter.33.“This inflation”(Paragraph5)refers to_____[A]the rise of oil price.[B]the rise of Consumer Price Index(CPI).[C]the rise of oil production costs.[D]the rise of oil production revenue.34.The example of Citigroup is mentioned to______[A]show the big oil firms can benefit from the oil production[B]illustrate the Citigroup was the largest corporation with oil output[C]explain the causes for the average decline in the overall oil output[D]prove the prevalent trend of reduction in oil production35.Record oil prices do not translate into record profits because of the following reasons except_____[A]the declining margin from oil refining.[B]the disadvantageous change in contracts.[C]the shortage of supply of labour and equipment.[D]the decreasing quantity of oil production.Text4Dreams are said to be the window to the mind.Through the study of dreams,we can catch glimpses into what our subconscious minds are thinking,or what is troubling us at our deepest levels.No all dreams are the same,however,either in content or in meaning.In this respect,the study of bad dreams,nightmares,can yield interesting observations in regard to the mind and status of the dreamer.Indeed,nightmares appear to have been the subject of far more studies than more pleasant dreams,if for no other reason than while pleasant dreams are easily forgotten upon awakening,nightmares tend to linger in our minds is sufficient to demand attention.The sources of our dreams are most commonly attributed to factors in our waking lives.Whether it be emotional challenges,stress in the workplace,relationship problems or a myriad of other possible factors,the thoughts and feelings created in our waking environments are believed to directly influence the content of our dreams.A particular dramatic or traumatic experience during the day would no doubt be encountered again in some form or another during the night.Just as important as actual events in the determination of the content of our dreams are the pre-existing beliefs that we hold.If we encounter some kind of phenomena in our dreams,it is very likely that we already believed in the possibility of the phenomena before the dream.For example,if someone dreams of being abducted by aliens,it’s very likely that,before the dream,he already believed in the existence of aliens.To the extent that dreams are direct reflections of our minds,they will reflect accurately what we believe and hold to be true.The way that we act in dreams bears consideration as well.Often times,our behavior in our dreams reflects hidden desires for that type of behavior in our waking lives.Someone who dreams of revenge may actually desire revenge in real life,and likewise someone who dreams of adventure night after night may be experiencing his mind playing out a desire for more excitement in his everyday life.While the items encountered in our dreams are of great importance in the analysis of dreams,it must be recognized and understood that the same item in two different dreams can easily have entirely different meanings for the two dreamers.For example,a horse in the dreams of an avid equestrian can signify comfort and relaxation,whereas the same horse in the dreams of a hunter can represent excitement and challenge.36.Nightmares are mentioned in paragraph one in order to______[A]give an introduction of our subconscious mind.[B]give an example of one particularly vivid type of dream.[C]provide a justification for the study of influence of dreams.[D]compare the pleasant dreams and nightmares.37.Based on the information provided in paragraph three,if a man dreamed of being hit by a train,it is likely that he_______[A]has been hit by a train before.[B]beliefs in the existence of trains.[C]believes that it is possible to be hit by a train.[D]is afraid of being hit by a train.38.The last sentence of the text gives an example of horses encountered in dreams of two different people in order to______[A]illustrate how the same item can mean different things in different dreams.[B]exemplify the concept that people would,no doubt,react differently to the same images in dreams.[C]illustrate the idea that the emotions can influence the contents of dreams.[D]Support the assertion that the meaning behind dream images is entirely subjective.39.The main point of the text is that_______[A]the study of dreams is based on logic from the waking life of the dreamer.[B]in order to understand the meaning of dreams,we must analyze the beliefs of the dreamers.[C]dreams can reveal much about the personality of the dreamer.[D]the study of nightmares,while multifaceted,is a worthwhile endeavor.40.Which of the following would the author most likely agree with?[A]Nightmares can be good for us,if we use it properly.[B]Those who study dreams must first study the emotion of the dreamer.[C]The study of dreams makes sense if we know what to look for.[D]Dreamers should pay attention to their dreams to discern what those dreams reveal about themselves.Part BDirections:You are going to read a text about the tasks of leaders and the skills required for leadership.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A－G for each numbered paragraphs(41－45).The first and the last paragraph of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(10points).[A]Handling rights based disputes[B]The role of dependence in disputes[C]Methods of settling conflicting interests[D]The use of negotiation for different dispute types[E]Advantages of negotiation over mediation[F]The role of power in settling disagreements[G]Disagreement of interestsThe Nature of DisputesTo resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome.The two parties may choose to focus their attention on one or more of three basic factors.They may seek to(1)reconcile their interests,(2) determine who is right,and/or(3)determine who is more powerful.41Interests are needs,desires,concerns,fears一the things one cares about or wants.They provide the foundation for a person's or an organization's position in a dispute.In a dispute,not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party,but they are in conflict.For example,the director of sales for an electronics company gets into a dispute with the director of manufacturing over the number of TV models to produce.The director of sales wants to produce more models because her interest is in selling TV sets;more models mean more choice for consumers and hence increased sales.The director of manufacturing,however,wants to produce fewer models.His interest is in decreasing manufacturing costs and more models mean higher costs.42Reconciling such interests is not easy.It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns,devising creative solutions, and making tradeoffs and compromises where interests are opposed.The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.Another interests based procedure is mediation,in which a third party assists the disputants,the two sides in the dispute,in reaching agreement.43By no means do all negotiations(or mediations)focus on reconciling interests.Some negotiations focus on determining who is right,such as when two lawyers argue about whose case has the greater merit.Other negotiations focus on determining who is more powerful,such as when quarrelling neighbors or nations exchange threats and counter threats.Often negotiations involve a mix of all threesome attempts to satisfy interests,some discussion of rights,and some references to relative power.44It is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute.Although it is usually straightforward where rights are formalized in law,other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards of behavior,such as reciprocity,precedent,equality,and seniority.There are often different―and sometimes contradictory standards that apply to rights.Reaching agreement on rights,where the outcome will determine who gets what,can often be so difficult that the parties frequently turn to a third party to determine who is right. The most typical rights procedure,in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decision that must be followed by both disputants.(In mediation,by contrast,the third party does not have the power to decide the dispute.)Public adjudication is provided by courts and administrative agencies.Private adjudication is provided by arbitrators.45A third way to resolve a dispute is on the basis of power.We define power,somewhat narrowly,as the ability to pressure someone to do something he would not otherwise do.Exercising power typically means imposing costs on the other side or threatening to do so.The exercise of power takes two common forms:acts of aggression, such as physical attack,and withholding the benefits that derive from a relationship,as when employees stop working in a strike.Section III TranslationDirections:Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)I came away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction that enactment,performance,dramatization are the most successful forms of teaching.Students must be incorporated, made,so far as possible,an integral part of the learning process.(46)The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly,but that is nonetheless the case.(47)Of Ezekiel Cheever,the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his lessons that his pupils"came to work as though they came to play,"and Alfred North Whitehead,almost three hundred years later,noted that a teacher should make his/her students"glad they were there."(48)Since,we are told,80to90percent of all instruction in the typical university is by the lecture method, we should give close attention to this form of education.There is,I think,much truth in Patricial Nelson Limerick's observation that"lecturing is an unnatural act,an act for which God did not design humans.It is perfectly all right,now and then,for a human to be possessed by the urge to speak,and to speak while others remain silent.But to do this regularly,one hour and15minutes at a time for one person to drag on while others sit in silence?I do not believe that this is what the Creator designed humans to do."(49)The strange,almost incomprehensible fact is that many professors,just as they feel obliged to write dully,believe that they should lecture dully.To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific,unobjective;it is to appeal to the students'emotions rather than their intellect.Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged monotone.The cult of lecturing dully,like the cult of writing dully,goes back,of course,some years.Edward Shils, professor of sociology,recalls the professors he encountered at the University of Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed"a priesthood,rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing;they never referred to anything personal.Some read from old lecture notes and then haltingly explained the thumb-worn last lines. Others lectured from cards that had served for years,to judge by the worn edges...(50)The teachers began on time,ended on time,and left the room without saying a word more to their students,very seldom being detained by questioners...The classes were not large,yet there was no discussion.No questions were raised in class,and there were no office hours."Section IV WritingPart ADirections:A chemical plant should be responsible for the water pollution in a nearby river.Write a letter to the City Environment Protection Agency to1)state the present situation,2)suggest ways to deal with the problem and3)express your sincere hope.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following picture.In your essay,you should1）describe the picture briefly,2）explain its intended meaning,and then3）give your comments.。
研究生入学考试英语模拟试题三说课讲解
研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(三)及参考答案Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections： Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your anawer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 point)1. I′d prefer that she _____ .A)acted the teacherB)would act the teacherC)act the teacherD)was acting the teacher2. I will take the coat, _____ cheap or dear.A)it beingB)be itC)was itD)it was3. She told me that she′d _____ on the committee.A)rather not to serveB)not rather to serveC)not rather serveD)rather not serve4. I wish that I _____ this letter before the office closed for the day.A)receivedB)receiveC)could have receivedD)should have received5. The foreign student advisor recommended that she _____ more English beforeEnrolling at the university.A)studiedB)studyC)would studyD)was studying6. We′d decided to open a joint account, _____ ?A)wouldn′weB)shouldn′t weC)couldn′t weD)hadn′t we7. _____ called did not leave his name and number.A)SomeoneB)AnyoneC)WhoeverD)Whosever8. It was not until she arrived in class _____ realized she had forgotten her book.A)and sheB)sheC)when sheD)that she9. Ben would have studied medicine if he _____ to a medical school.A)could be able to enterB)was admittedC)had been admittedD)were admitted10. Fire safety in family houses, _____ most fire deaths occur,is difficult to achieve.A)whereB)whyC)howD)whenSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C,and D)ldentify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points)11. Sally must have called (A) her sister last night, but she arrived (B) home toolate (C) to call her. (D)12. I would rather that (A) they do not travel (B) during the bad (C) weather,but theyinsist that they must return (D) home today.13. The question arises (A) whether or no (B) his statement will bear (C) suchconstruction.(D)14. The principle of radiocarbon dated (A) is the most important scientifictechnique to be applied (B) to (C) archaeological work in recent times. (D)15. One of (A) the most widespread uses (B) of survey research today isfor them (C) rating(D) radio and television programs.16. Magnesium forms (A) a tough surface coating (B) it (C) protects the underlying (D)metal from tarnishing.17. The (A) results of the test proved to (B) Fred and me (C) that we needed to studyharder and watch less (D) movies on television18. He determined, (A) what may come, (B) to return (C) the visit he had justreceived. (D)19. Last winter not a day (A) passed (B) for (C) that it snowed or sleeted. (D)20. He has been hoped (A) for a raise for the last (B) few months but his boss isreluctant to give (C) him one. (D)Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C andD)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points)21. The book was lost for years,then it turned up one day,quite out of _____ .A)the blueB)the redC)the blackD)the yellow22. _____ the interruption,she was still able to finish her assignment before class.A)DespiteB)SpiteC)In spiteD)In despite23. The man was very conscious _____ his bold head.A)aboutB)withC)ofD)for24. He was so engrossed in the TV programme that he forgot to _____ .A)turn the oven overB)turn the oven backC)turn the oven offD)turn the oven up25. No matter how angry he was he would never _____ to violence.A)resortB)resolveC)recourseD)exert26. The accusation left him quite _____ with rage.A)dumbB)speechlessC)silentD)mute27. I liked the coat but was rather _____ off by the price.A)shakenB)putC)setD)held28. The ruling party is worried in case they lose _____ control of the City Council inthe forthcoming elections.A)overallB)wholeC)unanimousD)mass29. In those days a girl could not get married if her father _____ his consent.A)forbadeB)upheldC)rejectedD)withheld30. They were awaiting official _____ of the news they had heard from a friend.A)recommendationB)statementC)confirmationD)conference31. I′d like to _____ this old car for a new model but I can′t afford it.A)interchangeB)exchangeC)replaceD)convert32. When he woke up,he realized that the things he had dreamt about could not_____ have happened.A)possiblyB)likelyC)certainlyD)potentially33. There is a lot of friendly _____ between the supporters of the two teams.A)contestB)rivalryC)contentionD)defiance34. The purpose of the survey was to _____ the inspectors with local conditions.A)informB)acquaintC)instructD)notify35. _____ all his money,he didn′t seem happy.A)AtB)ForC)InD)On36. We are fed up _____ your perpetual moaning.A)ofB)byC)withD)at37. She′s rung _____ . I must have said s omething to upset her.A)upB)roundC)backD)off38. Of course I′ll play the piano at the party but I′m a little _____ .A)out of useB)out of reachC)out of turnD)out of practice39. A conceited man feels _____ to everyone else.A)superiorB)beneficialC)successfulD)advantageous40. The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are neverused outside the subject or field _____ .A)in viewB)in questionC)in caseD)in effectPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers A,B,C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40 points)Passage 1Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most devastating forces known to man:since records began to be written down,it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the millions,and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation.The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides,floods,fire,disease,tsunamis(gigantic sea waves),and other phenomena resulting fromearthquakes,rather than from the quakes themselves.The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas.One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses.The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains,including the Himalayas,Iran,Turkey,and the Alpine regions.It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place;they may,however,happen anywhere at any time.This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake predication may be possible.By analyzing changes in animal behavior,patterns of movements in the earth′s crust,variations in the force of gravity and the earth′s magnetic field,and the frequency with which minor earth tremors(震动) are observed,scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strike.As a result,a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for (and thus lessen)the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether,but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood,man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs.51. Based on what you have just read,which of the following is true?A)Earthquakes are highly feared,but actually relatively harmless.B)There is absolutely no way to predict when or where earthquakes might occur.C)Man is now able to predict when earthquakes will happen,but not where.D)Man is now able to predict where earthquakes will happen,but not when.52. What is the probable meaning of contiguous(line 9)?A)underwaterB)ancientC)borderingD)huge53. To what does this element of the unknown(line 13)refer?A)the two great earthquake zonesB)the fact the earthquakes can happen at any time or placeC)the percentage of earthquakesD)the exact cause of earthquakes54. Which of the following have been used to anticipate earthquake activity?A)differences in the earth′s magnetic field and force of gravityB)how often minor earth tremors have been observedC)patterns in the movement of the earth′s crustD)all of the above55. Which of the following describes the author′s attitude toward the possibility ofearthquake prediction?A)It will never be possible to predict earthquakes.B)Earthquakes can already be predicted with great accuracy.C)There is really no need to try to predict earthquake occurrences.D)Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.Passage 2Drunken driving——sometimes called America′s socially accepted form of murder——has become a national epidemic.Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers,adding up to an incredible 250 000 over the past decade.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers,glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours.Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient(宽容的) in most courts,but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicised tragedies,especially involving young children,that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21,reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18.After New Jersey lowered it to 18,the number of people killed by 18—20-year-old drivers more than doubled,so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers,however,fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programmes to help young people to develop“responsible attitudes”about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already,to a marked decline in fatalities.Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks.A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated”and later drove off the road,killing a nine-year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state,some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919,which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”.They forget that legal prohibition didn′t stop drinking,but encourage d political corruption and organised crime.As with the booming drug trade generally,there is no easy solution.56. Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because _____ .A)most Americans are heavy drinkersB)Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC)accidents attract so much publicityD)drinking is a socially accepted habit in America57. Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?A)Detailed statistics are now available.B)The news media have highlighted the problem.C)Judges are giving more severe sentences.D)Drivers are more conscious of their image.58. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that _____ .A)many drivers were not of legal ageB)young drivers were often bad driversC)the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD)the legal drinking age should be raised59. Laws recently introduced in some states have _____ .A)reduced the number of convictionsB)resulted in fewer serious accidentsC)prevented bars from serving drunken customersD)specified the amount drivers can drink60. Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A)Alcohol is easily obtained.B)Drinking is linked to organised crime.C)legal prohibition has already failed.D)Legislation alone is not sufficient.Passage 3Let us set out from a fact.The same type of civilization,or to use a more exact,although more extended expression,the same society,has not always inhabited the earth.The human race as a whole has grown,has developed,has matured,like one of ourselves.It was once a child,it was once a man;we are now looking on at its impressive oldage.Before the epoch which modern society has dubbed“ancient”there was another epoch which the ancients called“fabulous”but which it would be more accurate to call “primitive.”Observe then three great successive orders of things in civilization, from its origin down to our days.Now,as poetry is always superposed upon society,we propose totry to demonstrate,from the form of its society,what the character of the poetry must have been in those three great ages of the world primitive times,ancient times,modern times. In primitive times,When man awakes in a world that is newly created,poetry awakes with him.In the face of the marvelous things that dazzle him,his first speech is a hymn simply.He is still,so close to God that all his thoughts are joyful,all his dreams are visions.The earth is still almost deserted.There are families,but no nations;patriarchs,but no kings.Each race exists at its own pleasure;no property,no laws,no contentions,no wars.Everything belongs to each and to all.Society is a community.Man is restrained in nought.He leads that nomadic pastoral life with which all civilizations begin,and which is so well adapted to solitary contemplation,to fanciful reverie(幻想).He follows every suggestion,he goes hither and thither, at random.His thought,like his life,resembles a cloud that changes its shape and its direction according to the wind that drives it.Such is the first man,such is the first poet.He is young;he is cynical.Prayer is his sole religion,the ode is his only form of poetry.This ode,this poem of primitive times,is Genesis.By slow degrees,however,this youth of the world passes away.All the spheres progress;the family becomes a tribe,the tribe becomes a nation.Each of these groups of men camps about a common center,and kingdoms appear.The social instinct succeeds the nomadic instinct.The camp gives place to the city,the tent to the palace,the ark to the temple.The chiefs of these states of early development are still shepherds,it is true,but shepherds of nations;the pastoral staff has already assumed the shape of a sceptre(君权).Everything tends to become stationary and fixed. Religion takes on a definite shape;prayer is governed by rites;dogma sets bounds to worship.Thus the priest and king share the paternity of the people:thus theocratic society succeeds the patriarchal community.Meanwhile the nations are beginning to be packed too closely on the earth′s surface.They annoy and jostle one another;hence the clash of empires-war.They overflow upon another;hence the migrations of nations-voyages.Poetry reflects these momentous events;from ideas it proceeds to things.It sings of ages,of nations,of empires…61. The author believes that the best historical age is _____ .A)primitiveB)ancientC)medievalD)modern62. In the above passage the primitive period is equated with the period called_____ .A)fabulousB)ancientC)medievalD)modern63. War,the author believes,results primarily from _____ .A)rule by kingsB)patriarchal jealousiesC)the existence of a theocratic stateD)large,closely packed populations64. The author draws an analogy between the growth of peoples into nationstatesand the _____ .A)development of poetic verse formB)books of the Old TestamentC)great epochs in historyD)maturation of the human being from childhood to maturity65. Because of its unique character,a great interpreter of the periods of history is .A)the national historianB)poetryC)the biblical prophetD)storytellingPassage 4Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus(舆论)that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to stay.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the availabe employment more widely.But we need to go further.We nust ask some fundamental questions about the future of work.Should we continue to treat employment as the norm?Should we not rather encourage many other ways for selfrespecting people to work?Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves,rather than for anemployer?Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood,as well as the factory and the office,as centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of h uman history in which most people′s work has taken the form of jobs.The industrial age may now be coming to an end,and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.This seems a daunting thought.But,in fact,it could offer the prospect of a better future ofwork.Universal employment,as its history shows,has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land,and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people′s homes. Later,as transport improved,first by rail and then by road,people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until,eventually,many people′s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile,employment put women at a disadvantage.In preindustrial times,men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community.Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment,leaving the unpaid work of the home and familly to his wife.Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today,and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered.As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old people were excluded—a problem now,as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian (空想的)goal of creating jobs for all,to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.66. Recent opinion polls show that _____ .A)available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of thepopulationB)new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC)available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployedD)the present high unemployment figures are a fact of life67. The word “revive” in the passage(para.2)probably means _____ .A)make active againB)study againC)go over agianD)find the value again68. The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that _____ .A)universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperityB)economic freedom came within everyone′s graspC)patterns of work were fundamentally changedD)people′s attitudes to work had to be reversed69. The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that _____ .A)people had to do the productive work at homeB)people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselvesC)people were able to be dependent on their landD)people were badly paid for the work they managed to find70. The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that _____ .A)the work status of those not in paid employment sufferedB)the household and village communtiy disappeared completelyC)men now travelled enormous distances to their places of workD)young and old people became superfluous components of societyPart Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)(71) By a faction,I understand a number of citizens,whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole,who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest,adverse to the rights of other citizens or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.There are two methods of curing the mischief of factions:the one,by removing its causes;the other,by controlling its effects.There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction:the one,by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence;the other,by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions,and the same interests.(72) It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy,that it was worse than the disease.(73) Liberty is to faction what air is to fire,an ailment without which it instantly expires.(74)But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty,which is essential to political life,because it nourishes faction,than it would be to wish the annihilation of air,which is essential to animal life,because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise.As long as the reason of man continues fallible,and he is at liberty to exercise it,different opinions will be formed.As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his selflove,his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other;and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves.The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man;and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity,according to the different circumstances of civil society.If a faction consists of less than a majority,relief is supplied by the republicanprinciple,which enables the majority to defeat its sinister views by regular vote….When a majority is included in a faction,the form of popular government,on the otherhand,enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens.(75) To secure the public good and private rights,against the danger of such a faction,and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government,is the great object to w hich our inquiries are directed…Part I Structure and VocabularySection A(1-10)CBDCBDCDCASection B(11-20)11. 正确答案为：A 改为:should have called12. 正确答案为：B 改为:did not travel13. 正确答案为：D 改为:sach a construction14. 正确答案为：A 改为:dating15. 正确答案为：C 改为:去掉them16. 正确答案为：C 改为:which/that17. 正确答案为：D 改为:fewer18. 正确答案为：B 改为:come what may19. 正确答案为：C 改为:except20. 正确答案为：A 改为:has been hopingSection C(21-40)AACCABBADCBABBBCDDABPart II Cloze Test(41-50)ACBCDADACCPart III Reading Comprehension(51-70)BCBDDDBDBDAADDBDACBAPart IV English Chinese Translation71. 我对宗派小集团的理解是，若干公民不管是多数还是少数，在一起受共同情感或利益的激励反对其他公民的权力或者反对其周围社会的共同利益。
考研英语模拟试题及答案解析（3）
考研英语模拟试题及答案解析（3）Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)The universities are schools of education, and schools of research. (46) But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research afforded to the members of the faculty.Both these functions could be performed at a cheaper rate, apart from these very expensive institutions. Books are cheap, and the system of apprenticeship is well understood. (47) So far as the mere imparting of information is concerned, no university has had any justification for existence since the popularisation of printing in the fifteenth century. Yet the chief impetus to the foundation of universities came after that date, and in more recent times has even increased.(48) The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence.This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burdenon the memory: it is energising as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. (49) It works by drawing the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imaginations. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants act on knowledge without imagination. The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.The initial discipline of imagination in its period of youthful vigour requires that there be no responsibility for immediate action. (50) The habit of unbiased thought, whereby the ideal variety of exemplification is discerned in its derivation from general principles, cannot be acquired when there is the daily task of preserving a concrete organisation. You must be free to think rightly and wrongly, and free to appreciate the variousness of the universe undisturbed by its perils.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Six months from now, you will be graduating from the university. For the time being, you are looking for a chance ofinternship at the Evening Post of the city.1) State your wish to work as an intern with the newspaper;2) Explain what kind of job that you're looking for;3) And State your reasons why you can do the job well.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)。
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语真题
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语真题篇一：听力理解Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) She needs to consult a doctor.B) Her headache has completely gone.C) She has taken some medication.D) She doesn't want to take pills.2. A) She can lend the man some money.B) She has plenty of cash.C) She doesn't have enough money.D) She needs to go to the bank.3. A) She feels worried about her presentation.B) She will help the man prepare the presentation.C) She has already finished her part of the work.D) She doesn't like speaking in public.4. A) He couldn't find the way to the bank.B) He wasn't able to withdraw any money.C) All ATMs are out of service.D) There will be a long queue at the ATM.5. A) The man doesn't need to worry about the deadline.B) The man needs to extend his deadline.C) The assignment must be submitted earlier.D) The woman suggests changing the deadline.篇二：阅读理解Section BDirections: In Section B, you will read three passages and answer several questions on each of the passages. You are encouraged to answer as many questions as possible within the time allowed.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The human footprint has become so large that it now leaves a permanent mark on the planet. We dominate Earth, changing its climate, destroying natural habitats and wiping out other species. The effects of our actions are not only visible on land but also extend to the oceans, where we have disrupted marine ecosystems.Our interference with the oceans has led to various problems, one of which is overfishing. According to a recent report released by the United Nations, over 90% of the world's fish stocks are currently overfished or fished to their biological limits, with only 7.1% considered to be at healthy levels.Overfishing is a result of excessive fishing efforts driven by increased demand for fish and improved fishing technologies. Large commercial fishing fleets, equipped with advanced equipment, are causing significant damage to marine ecosystems. These fleets often use large nets and long lines that can catch large quantities of fish in a single operation, but also catch many other marine animals, known as bycatch. Bycatch includes dolphins, turtles, seabirds, and other non-targeted species, many of which are endangered or protected.Furthermore, our demand for certain fish species has caused severe population declines and even the collapse of some fisheries. For example, the Atlantic Bluefin Tuna population has declined rapidly due to its high market value, leading to strict fishing regulations being imposed.In order to protect our oceans and preserve marine ecosystems, it is crucial to address the issue of overfishing. This requires international cooperation, improved fisheries management, and responsible consumer choices. By adopting sustainable fishing practices and supporting fishery regulations, we can ensure the long-term health and sustainability of our oceans.11. What does the author say about the human footprint?12. What is one of the problems caused by our interference with the oceans?13. What do we learn about overfishing from the recent UN report?14. What is mentioned as a cause of overfishing?15. What does the author suggest to address the issue of overfishing?篇三：完形填空Section CDirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It was Sunday and we were waiting on the platform for the 16.35 train when an announcement said it was delayed. We were traveling to friends who lived about 200 miles away and had been 16 them several weeks.As we had a couple of hours to wait, we 17 an earlier train and therefore got there on time. However, as it happened, our friends were still out shopping so we crowded in their kitchen and 18 warming ourselves by the Aga cooker until they returned at about 7 p.m.We were just 19 to have a meal when there was a knock at the door and in walked a man and a woman who 20 lived next door to our friends."Would you 21 a little problem for me?" asked the man. We asked what was wrong and he said that he had left his lit gas water heater on when he left home, and he wanted someone to go in and turn it off. The watercylinder in the airing 22 was quite small, and with the attic door in the closed position, there was a real 23 that the cylinder might boil over and cause a flood. We asked the man why he didn't come back before 24, and he said that he had tried to get off at the previous station, but the doors didn't open, and by the time he got out it was too late.My husband said he would 25. They led the way round to their house, and sure enough, the cylinder was bubbling away like mad. My husband turned it off at once.16. A) visiting B) ignoring C) meeting D) reminding17. A) took B) missed C) drove D) caught18. A) occurred B) spent C) found D) killed19. A) preparing B) stopping C) deciding D) reminding20. A) never B) already C) almost D) often21. A) explain B) settle C) solve D) mention22. A) table B) room C) place D) position23. A) possibility B) chance C) result D) solution24. A) midnight B) sunset C) noon D) midday25. A) find B) meet C) run D) agree篇四：写作Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.请根据以上要求完成文章。
考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案（三）
Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears - especially those held since childhood- often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfil such wishes. Events in the sleeper's surrounding- a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams. Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has. Psychiatrists（精神病医⽣）often use material from a patient's dreams to help the person understand himself better. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep-but are awakened each time they begin to dream- become anxious and restless. 51. This passage is mainly about 。
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研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(三)及参考答案Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections： Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your anawer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 point)1. I′d prefer that she _____ .A)acted the teacherB)would act the teacherC)act the teacherD)was acting the teacher2. I will take the coat, _____ cheap or dear.A)it beingB)be itC)was itD)it was3. She told me that she′d _____ on the committee.A)rather not to serveB)not rather to serveC)not rather serveD)rather not serve4. I wish that I _____ this letter before the office closed for the day.A)receivedB)receiveC)could have receivedD)should have received5. The foreign student advisor recommended that she _____ more Englishbefore Enrolling at the university.A)studiedB)studyC)would studyD)was studying6. We′d decided to open a joint account, _____ ?A)wouldn′weB)shouldn′t weC)couldn′t weD)hadn′t we7. _____ called did not leave his name and number.A)SomeoneB)AnyoneC)WhoeverD)Whosever8. It was not until she arrived in class _____ realized she had forgottenher book.A)and sheB)sheC)when sheD)that she9. Ben would have studied medicine if he _____ to a medical school.A)could be able to enterB)was admittedC)had been admittedD)were admitted10. Fire safety in family houses, _____ most fire deaths occur,is difficultto achieve.A)whereB)whyC)howD)whenSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts markedA,B,C,and D)ldentify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points)11. Sally must have called (A) her sister last night, but she arrived (B)home too late (C) to call her. (D)12. I would rather that (A) they do not travel (B) during the bad (C)weather,but they insist that they must return (D) home today.13. The question arises (A) whether or no (B) his statement willbear (C) such construction.(D)14. The principle of radiocarbon dated (A) is the most importantscientific technique to be applied (B) to (C) archaeologicalwork in recent times. (D)15. One of (A) the most widespread uses (B) of survey research today isfor them (C) rating(D) radio and television programs.16. Magnesium forms (A) a tough surface coating (B) it (C) protectsthe underlying (D) metal from tarnishing.17. The (A) results of the test proved to (B) Fred and me (C) that weneeded to study harder and watch less (D) movies on television18. He determined, (A) what may come, (B) to return (C) the visithe had just received. (D)19. Last winter not a day (A) passed (B) for (C) that it snowed orsleeted. (D)20. He has been hoped (A) for a raise for the last (B) few months buthis boss is reluctant to give (C) him one. (D)Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points)21. The book was lost for years,then it turned up one day,quite out of_____ .A)the blueB)the redC)the blackD)the yellow22. _____ the interruption,she was still able to finish her assignmentbefore class.A)DespiteB)SpiteC)In spiteD)In despite23. The man was very conscious _____ his bold head.A)aboutB)withC)ofD)for24. He was so engrossed in the TV programme that he forgot to _____ .A)turn the oven overB)turn the oven backC)turn the oven offD)turn the oven up25. No matter how angry he was he would never _____ to violence.A)resortB)resolveC)recourseD)exert26. The accusation left him quite _____ with rage.A)dumbB)speechlessC)silentD)mute27. I liked the coat but was rather _____ off by the price.A)shakenB)putC)setD)held28. The ruling party is worried in case they lose _____ control of the CityCouncil in the forthcoming elections.A)overallB)wholeC)unanimousD)mass29. In those days a girl could not get married if her father _____ hisconsent.A)forbadeB)upheldC)rejectedD)withheld30. They were awaiting official _____ of the news they had heard from afriend.A)recommendationB)statementC)confirmationD)conference31. I′d like to _____ this old car for a new model but I can′t afford it.A)interchangeB)exchangeC)replaceD)convert32. When he woke up,he realized that the things he had dreamt about couldnot _____ have happened.A)possiblyB)likelyC)certainlyD)potentially33. There is a lot of friendly _____ between the supporters of the two teams.A)contestB)rivalryC)contentionD)defiance34. The purpose of the survey was to _____ the inspectors with localconditions.A)informB)acquaintC)instructD)notify35. _____ all his money,he didn′t seem happy.A)AtB)ForC)InD)On36. We are fed up _____ your perpetual moaning.A)ofB)byC)withD)at37. She′s rung _____ . I must have said somet hing to upset her.A)upB)roundC)backD)off38. Of course I′ll play the piano at the party but I′m a little _____ .A)out of useB)out of reachC)out of turnD)out of practice39. A conceited man feels _____ to everyone else.A)superiorB)beneficialC)successfulD)advantageous40. The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which arenever used outside the subject or field _____ .A)in viewB)in questionC)in caseD)in effectPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers A,B,C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40 points) Passage 1Earthquakes may rightly be ranked as one of the most devastating forces known to man:since records began to be written down,it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the millions,and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation.The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides, floods,fire,disease,tsunamis(gigantic sea waves),and other phenomena resulting from earthquakes,rather than from the quakes themselves.The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas.One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses.The other extends from the East Indies to the Atlas Mountains,including the Himalayas,Iran,Turkey,and the Alpine regions.It is in these two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place;theymay,however,happen anywhere at any time.This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake predication may be possible.By analyzing changes in animal behavior,patterns of movements in the earth′s crust,variations in t he force of gravity and the earth′s magnetic field,and the frequency with which minor earth tremors(震动) are observed,scientists have shown increasing success in anticipating when and where earthquakes will strike.As a result,a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to preparefor (and thus lessen)the vast destruction that might otherwise have beentotally unexpected.It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and eliminate their destructiveness altogether,but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood,man will become more and more able to deal with their potential devastation before it occurs.51. Based on what you have just read,which of the following is true?A)Earthquakes are highly feared,but actually relatively harmless.B)There is absolutely no way to predict when or where earthquakes mightoccur.C)Man is now able to predict when earthquakes will happen,but not where.D)Man is now able to predict where earthquakes will happen,but not when.52. What is the probable meaning of contiguous(line 9)?A)underwaterB)ancientC)borderingD)huge53. To what does this element of the unknown(line 13)refer?A)the two great earthquake zonesB)the fact the earthquakes can happen at any time or placeC)the percentage of earthquakesD)the exact cause of earthquakes54. Which of the following have been used to anticipate earthquakeactivity?A)differences in the earth′s magnetic field and force of gravityB)how often minor earth tremors have been observedC)patterns in the movement of the earth′s crustD)all of the above55. Which of the following describes the author′s attitude toward thepossibility of earthquake prediction?A)It will never be possible to predict earthquakes.B)Earthquakes can already be predicted with great accuracy.C)There is really no need to try to predict earthquake occurrences.D)Earthquake prediction is becoming more and more possible.Passage 2Drunken driving——sometimes called America′s socially accepted form of murder——has become a national epidemic.Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers,adding up to an incredible 250 000 over the past decade.A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers,glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours.Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient(宽容的) in most courts,but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicised tragedies,especially involvingyoung children,that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21,reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18.After New Jersey lowered it to 18,the number of people killed by 18—20-year-old drivers more than doubled,so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers,however,fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programmes to help young people todevelop“responsible attitudes”about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and in many areas already,to a marked decline in fatalities.Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks.A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was “obviously intoxicated”and later drove off the road,killing a nine-year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state,some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919,which President Hoover called the “noble experiment”.They forget that legal prohibition didn′t stop drinking,but encouraged political corruption and organised crime.As with the booming drug trade generally,there is no easy solution.56. Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because _____ .A)most Americans are heavy drinkersB)Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC)accidents attract so much publicityD)drinking is a socially accepted habit in America57. Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?A)Detailed statistics are now available.B)The news media have highlighted the problem.C)Judges are giving more severe sentences.D)Drivers are more conscious of their image.58. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that _____ .A)many drivers were not of legal ageB)young drivers were often bad driversC)the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD)the legal drinking age should be raised59. Laws recently introduced in some states have _____ .A)reduced the number of convictionsB)resulted in fewer serious accidentsC)prevented bars from serving drunken customersD)specified the amount drivers can drink60. Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A)Alcohol is easily obtained.B)Drinking is linked to organised crime.C)legal prohibition has already failed.D)Legislation alone is not sufficient.Passage 3Let us set out from a fact.The same type of civilization,or to use a more exact,although more extended expression,the same society,has not always inhabited the earth.The human race as a whole has grown,has developed,has matured,like one of ourselves.It was once a child,it was once a man;we are now looking on at its impressive old age.Before the epoch which modern society has dubbed“ancient”there was another epoch which the ancientscalled“fabulous”but which it would be more accurate to call“primitive.”Observe then three great successive ord ers of things in civilization, from its origin down to our days.Now,as poetry is always superposed upon society,we propose to try to demonstrate,from the form of its society,what the character of the poetry must have been in those three great ages of the world primitive times,ancient times,modern times.In primitive times,When man awakes in a world that is newlycreated,poetry awakes with him.In the face of the marvelous things that dazzle him,his first speech is a hymn simply.He is still,so close to God that all his thoughts are joyful,all his dreams are visions.The earth is still almost deserted.There are families,but no nations;patriarchs,but no kings.Each race exists at its own pleasure;no property,no laws,no contentions,nowars.Everything belongs to each and to all.Society is a community.Man is restrained in nought.He leads that nomadic pastoral life with which all civilizations begin,and which is so well adapted to solitary contemplation,to fanciful reverie(幻想).He follows every suggestion,he goes hither and thither, at random.His thought,like his life,resembles a cloud that changes its shape and its direction according to the wind that drives it.Such is the first man,such is the first poet.He is young;he is cynical.Prayer is his solereligion,the ode is his only form of poetry.This ode,this poem of primitive times,is Genesis.By slow degrees,however,this youth of the world passes away.All the spheres progress;the family becomes a tribe,the tribe becomes a nation.Each of these groups of men camps about a common center,and kingdoms appear.The social instinct succeeds the nomadic instinct.The camp gives place to the city,thetent to the palace,the ark to the temple.The chiefs of these states of early development are still shepherds,it is true,but shepherds of nations;the pastoral staff has already assumed the shape of a sceptre(君权).Everything tends to become stationary and fixed. Religion takes on a definite shape;prayer is governed by rites;dogma sets bounds to worship.Thus the priest and king share the paternity of the people:thus theocratic society succeeds the patriarchal community.Meanwhile the nations are beginning to be packed too closely on the earth′s surface.They annoy and jostle one another;hence the clash of empires-war.They overflow upon another;hence the migrations of nations-voyages.Poetry reflects these momentous events;from ideas it proceeds to things.It sings of ages,of nations,of empires…61. The author believes that the best historical age is _____ .A)primitiveB)ancientC)medievalD)modern62. In the above passage the primitive period is equated with the periodcalled _____ .A)fabulousB)ancientC)medievalD)modern63. War,the author believes,results primarily from _____ .A)rule by kingsB)patriarchal jealousiesC)the existence of a theocratic stateD)large,closely packed populations64. The author draws an analogy between the growth of peoples intonationstates and the _____ .A)development of poetic verse formB)books of the Old TestamentC)great epochs in historyD)maturation of the human being from childhood to maturity65. Because of its unique character,a great interpreter of the periods ofhistory is .A)the national historianB)poetryC)the biblical prophetD)storytellingPassage 4Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus(舆论)that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to stay.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the availabe employment more widely.But we need to go further.We nust ask some fundamental questions about the future of work.Should we continue to treat employment as the norm?Should we not rather encourage many other ways for selfrespecting people to work?Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves,rather than for an employer?Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood,as well as the factory and the office,as centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people′s work has taken the form of jobs.The industrial age may now be coming to an end,and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.This seems a daunting thought.But,in fact,it could offer the prospect of a better future of work.Universal employment,as its history shows,has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land,and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people′s homes. Later,as transport improved,first by rail and then by road,people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until,eventually,many people′s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile,employment put women at a disadvantage.In preindustrial times,men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community.Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment,leaving the unpaid work of the home and familly to his wife.Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today,and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered.As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old people were excluded—a problem now,as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian (空想的)goal of creating jobs for all,to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.66. Recent opinion polls show that _____ .A)available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of thepopulationB)new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC)available employment must be more widely distributed among theunemployedD)the present high unemployment figures are a fact of life67. The word “revive” in the passage(para.2)probably means _____ .A)make active againB)study againC)go over agianD)find the value again68. The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that_____ .A)universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperityB)economic freedom came within everyone′s graspC)patterns of work were fundamentally changedD)people′s attitudes to work had to be reversed69. The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that _____ .A)people had to do the productive work at homeB)people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supportingthemselvesC)people were able to be dependent on their landD)people were badly paid for the work they managed to find70. The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that_____ .A)the work status of those not in paid employment sufferedB)the household and village communtiy disappeared completelyC)men now travelled enormous distances to their places of workD)young and old people became superfluous components of societyPart Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)(71) By a faction,I understand a number of citizens,whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole,who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest,adverse to the rights of other citizens or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.There are two methods of curing the mischief of factions:the one,by removing its causes;the other,by controlling its effects.There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction:theone,by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence;the other,by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions,and the same interests.(72) It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy,that it was worse than the disease.(73) Liberty is to faction what air is to fire,an ailment without which it instantly expires.(74)But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty,which is essential to political life,because it nourishes faction,than it would be to wish the annihilation of air,which is essential to animal life,because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise.As long as the reason of man continues fallible,and he is at liberty to exercise it,different opinions will be formed.As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his selflove,his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other;and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves.The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man;and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity,according to the different circumstances of civil society.If a faction consists of less than a majority,relief is supplied by the republican principle,which enables the majority to defeat its sinister views by regular vote….When a majority is included in a faction,the form of popular government,on the other hand,enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion or interest both the public good and the rights of other citizens.(75) To secure the public good and private rights,against the danger of such a faction,and at the same time to preserve the spirit and the form of popular government,is the great object to which our inquiries are directed…Part I Structure and VocabularySection A(1-10)CBDCBDCDCASection B(11-20)11. 正确答案为：A 改为:should have called12. 正确答案为：B 改为:did not travel13. 正确答案为：D 改为:sach a construction14. 正确答案为：A 改为:dating15. 正确答案为：C 改为:去掉them16. 正确答案为：C 改为:which/that17. 正确答案为：D 改为:fewer18. 正确答案为：B 改为:come what may19. 正确答案为：C 改为:except20. 正确答案为：A 改为:has been hopingSection C(21-40)AACCABBADCBABBBCDDABPart II Cloze Test(41-50)ACBCDADACCPart III Reading Comprehension(51-70)BCBDDDBDBDAADDBDACBAPart IV English Chinese Translation71. 我对宗派小集团的理解是，若干公民不管是多数还是少数，在一起受共同情感或利益的激励反对其他公民的权力或者反对其周围社会的共同利益。