论商务英语的语言特征英语论文
英语写作中正式和非正式文体的语言
简论商务英语写作中正式和非正式文体的语言差异，关键词：商务英语写作正式非正式语言差异中国论文职称论文摘要:商务英语写作是商务活动的重要媒体之一,形式和语体多种多样。
由于公司间贸易关系的亲疏程度不同等因素,商务英语写作可以分成正式和非正式两大类,它们的区别主要从语言上体现出来,本文主要就这方面进行一定的比较和分析。
关键词:商务英语写作正式非正式语言差异Language V ariations in Formal and Informal Business English WritingAbstract:In business activity, correspondence is one of the important media, which has many forms andstyles. Due to such factors as the different relations between businesses, all the writings can be divided intotwo categories, formal and informal. The variations of these two mainly lie in language. This paper is acomparison and analysis in this respect.Keywords: business English writing, formal, informal, language variation一、概述在英语中,“商务”即“business”,它的内涵是多维的。
贸易、旅游、购物、参观、会议、办公等等,只要涉及“business”的,都被认为是商务活动。
商务英语写作作为商务活动的重要媒体之一,承担着不可或缺的作用。
无论是传统的面对面的商务往来还是现代化的网上交易,都缺少不了商务英语写作。
关于商务英语论文
关于商务英语论文商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。
有关于商务英语的论文怎么写呢?下面有关范文，供大家参考!1、商务英语的相关概述1.1商务英语的含义商务英语一般是指在进展国际贸易中用到的英语。
随着经济全球化的不断开展，商务英语的范围不断扩大，不仅包括在国际贸易中可能用到的英语，还包括在国际交流和交往中经常使用的英语，因此，商务英语的含义应该包括国际贸易和对外交流两局部。
商务英语不同于一般英语，学习商务英语课程，不仅要求学院提高英文水平和交流能力，更多的是向学员传授西方经济贸易相关的知识，如西方的企业管理理念、工作心理和工作方式，以便学员可以掌握如何正确适宜的与外国人打交道，促成经济合作或经济贸易。
商务英语所坚持的文化理念都源自于国际贸易，因此商务英语是在一般英语的根底上，结合经济贸易的特点开展而来的，具有很强的专业性和针对性，商务英语要求英语根底知识扎实、口语能力强等。
1.2商务英语的特点在新的时代背景下，商务英语被赋予了新的内涵和更广阔的外延，其主要特点可以概括为四个方面。
首先，商务英语的专业性很强。
商务英语用到的场合很多，包括国际金融、国际营销、经济等领域，甚至包括与国际经济活动相关的法律体系等。
因此，商务英语需要用专业术语和专业语法将复杂的贸易活动和对外交流表达清楚。
这同时也该外行业理解商务英语带来了困难，一个日常生活中常用的词语或语法，在商务英语中会有不同的含义。
如“drug的日常含义是“麻醉药品，但是在商务英语中是指“滞销品的含义，这是因为麻醉药品不能在市场上公开出售。
又如“country的本义是指“城市、农场等，在商务英语中，取其外延含义用来形容间隔的遥远;其次，商务英语文化之间的差异非常显著。
全球化的交流常遇到的困难就是文化的差异带来的交流困难，有时甚至因为文化背景的差异而产生冲突或矛盾。
如“dragon一词，在我们中国的文化中，我们都是龙的子孙，龙被认为是一种至高无上的、代表桔祥幸福的神物，而在西方国家中的意思却恰恰相反“，dragon一词含有恶魔、邪恶的意思;再次，商务英语语言简单易懂，且语言多缩略。
有关商务英语方面论文商务英语毕业论文
有关商务英语方面论文商务英语毕业论文商务英语是外贸人员同世界各地开展进出口贸易时用于洽谈交易、联系业务的一种应用语言。
下文是WTT为大家整理的有关商务英语方面论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!有关商务英语方面论文篇1浅论商务英语教学美国的次贷危机演变成金融危机，不仅威胁了美国经济，也殃及世界上其他国家，其负面效应对中国经济形成了较大的冲击，尤其是对外依存度较高的外贸行业受到的影响则更大。
严峻的经济形势很大程度上影响了商务英语专业学生的就业。
商务英语专业的学生在日趋白热化的就业竞争中胜出?这对商务英语教学提出了更高的要求。
一、商务英语课程特点与教学现状Hutchinson和Waters认为商务英语是专门用途英语中的一个分支，是一门以语言学为主导、吸收了一切与商业相关的领域的学科研究方法的综合陛学科，基本上属于应用语言学。
从语言的角度看，商务英语是商务环境中应用的英语，但从内容而言，商务英语叉不能脱离商务。
其特点是：(1)以目的为导向;(2)以自我学习为中心;(3)真实语料2]。
例如，BEC商务英语口试主要考查考生商务交往过程中运用英文的能力。
商务交往主要包括建立和保持商务联络、谈论工作、制定计划与安排工作等，目的性和实用性较强。
20xx年高等教育出版社出版的《体验商务英语》还设置了真实的案例分析。
改革开放后，中国众多高校纷纷开设“经贸英语”、“商贸英语”、“商务英语”以及“外贸英语”等课程，培养既通晓外语又精通国际商务的复合型人才。
有的院校如上海对外贸易大学还开设了相关的研究生课程。
另外，出版了一系列商务英语教材，例如英国剑桥大学出版社出版的级商务英语教材，与其相关的商务英语考试和培训已获得了广泛的关注和肯定。
但是，我国多数讲授商务英语的英语教师由于受专业知识的限制，往往用讲授基础英语的方法进行商务英语教学，以词汇和语法教学为主;而多数讲授商务英语的商务专业课教师由于缺乏语言教学的经验，教学中以翻译为主。
商务英语中级小作文
商务英语中级小作文The Importance of Effective Communication in Business。
Effective communication is crucial in the business world. It is the key to success and can make or break a deal. Whether it is with clients, colleagues, or employees, good communication skills are essential for any business to thrive.In today's globalized world, businesses are dealing with people from different cultural backgrounds and languages. This makes effective communication even more important. Without clear and concise communication, misunderstandings can occur, leading to costly mistakes and missed opportunities.One of the most important aspects of effective communication in business is listening. It is not enough to just speak well; one must also be able to listen actively and understand the needs and concerns of others. Byactively listening, one can build trust and rapport with clients and colleagues, leading to better working relationships and increased productivity.In addition to listening, being able to convey information clearly and confidently is also crucial in business. Whether it is in a meeting, presentation, or email, being able to express ideas and information in a way that is easily understood is essential. This not only helps to avoid confusion and misunderstandings but also helps to build credibility and trust with clients and colleagues.Another important aspect of effective communication in business is non-verbal communication. Body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice all play a role in how a message is received. Being aware of and using non-verbal cues effectively can help to convey confidence, sincerity, and professionalism, all of which are important in business interactions.In conclusion, effective communication is essential in the business world. It is the key to building strongrelationships, avoiding misunderstandings, and ultimately achieving success. By being able to listen actively, convey information clearly, and use non-verbal communication effectively, businesses can ensure that they are able to thrive in today's competitive and globalized market.。
商务英语论文Business Negotiation
How to make a Successful Business NegotiationGroup A Name: Number:AbstractBusiness negotiations, is coordinating the interests of relationship between the people and meet their own needs and to reach a consensus of an act and processes. Therefore, it must be rational thinking, to the interests of both sides involved to carry out systematic and detailed analysis. Language in business negotiations like Bridges, occupy an important position, it often determines the success or failure of the negotiations. In business negotiations except in the language must pay attention to the civilized terminology, a clear, sentence is smooth and fluent generous general skill. Requirements outside, still should master certain language expression of art. Language expression of art has its elegant, vivid and lively and infectious wait for a characteristic, in business negotiations has played an in important role. According to this law, rules and measures develop a negotiated solution is a business negotiation with the scientific –side. This must be taken seriously and to try to embody. Meanwhile, the business negotiation is a direct communication between people activities in such activities, the negotiators of the quality, ability, experience, mental state and so full of change factors and their spot to play on the negotiation process and results, but also has a great impact. This allows business negotiations have some unpredictable and difficult to grasp characteristics. The same elements of the negotiations, the same environment and conditions, different people to negotiate, the end result is often different. This fact shows that negotiations have been tricky. “Science”will enable the negotiators to do correctly, and the “skills”in order to enable the negotiators to do things better. Thus, in any business negotiations are inseparable from the use of negotiation skills. It is directly related to the economic and social benefits of the acquisition.Key words: Business negotiation; Language art; introduction; culture1.Introduction1.1Brief Introduction to Business NegotiationWith the high development of the economy, people in the modern society may have a chance to go on a business, so the word “Business Negotiation” is not strange to us any more. But for its real meaning, not every one has a clear understanding.In brief, business negotiation is a process that in order to coordinate the relationship between business and meet their needs, people try to find a final settlement of the dispute to reach an agreement and sign the contract through the consultation and the dialogue. There are three essential factors for business negotiation: participant of negotiation, subject of negotiation, environment of negotiation. Participant of negotiation refers to people of both sides involved in the negotiation. It is usually a negotiating team or a group instead of a person. Subject of negotiation is the issues which need to be discussed by both sides on the business negotiation, namely, the problems that both sides have the mutual interest and seek to resolve. Environment of negotiation refers to the objective conditions which are required in holding a business negotiation. What is more, any business negotiation includes three stages: the preparatory stage, the conducting stage and the stage of signing contract. Having perfect behaviour in three stages and winning the success of business negotiation are of great significance for both the enterprise and the negotiators.For the enterprise, business negotiation is an important part of the company’s core competence. In the fierce market competition, the success of business negotiation may directly or indirectly affect the survival of the enterprise.Compared with the enterprise, the business negotiation has more needs to the business negotiators. During the business negotiation, negotiators are usually on behalf of the enterprise to attend the negotiation, and their image represents the image of the enterprise. So the excellent negotiators not only can be successful in the completion of the negotiation, but also can win the reputation for the enterprise.International business negotiation can be understood as a process in which two or more parties belong to different countries or different cultures come together to discuss common and conflicting business interest benefit. The international business negotiation is more complex, because it encompasses unconscious forces of different cultural norms that may operate to undermine effective communication. Thus, in an international business negotiation, in addition to the basic negotiation skills, it isimportant to understand the cultural difference and etiquette, and to modify the negotiation style accordingly.1.2 Brief Introduction of Business EtiquetteThe etiquette, as one traditional moral excellence, has the historical inheritance and the eternal vitality. On the international business negotiation, there involves a lot of etiquette, but in fact it is the communication among the people, therefore we are used to call the business etiquette as an art of the communication among the commercial personnel.International business etiquette is the arts or activities’ rules that meet different cultures in long term process of business negotiation or communication.Business etiquette refers to the suitable etiquette standard used in the business. It is a process that showing the respects to the opposite party by the conventional procedure and method. The core of business etiquette is a code of conduct which has a certain restraint on our conduct of the business activities. Simply speaking, business etiquette is the universal demand to the businessmen of the personnel image and professional quality in the business.2. Cultural impacts on business negotiations2.1 The Definition of CultureFor the purposes of the study of international management, culture is acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior. Culture is the coherent, learned, shared view of a group of people about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appreciate and dictates behavior.Hofstede, a scholar in cultural object, dean believes that culture includes four levels, the most exterior layer of known Symbols, such as clothing, language, buildings, etc., the human eye can easily see. The second layer is the Heroes, in a cultural force, it is largely representative of the hero where the culture of the national character. The third layer is Rituals; etiquette is to treat each culture unique representation of man and nature, such as the Chinese culture, the main location where the meal is very particular about the arrangements. The deepest layer refers to the Values, which is the culture in the most profound, the most difficult part to understand. Cultural differences in every aspect of culture, cross-cultural communication is also required on every aspect of culture.2.2 Impact of Symbols on business negotiations (mainly focus on the impact of different languages).To begin with, the impact of Symbols is manifested on the language communicating process of negotiation. The differences are obvious, though the language behaviors negotiators used are provided with higher fitness. People on earth use more than 3000 languages. Because few of us can be good command of more than one language, problems of communication are bound to occur in international business communication. One reason for such differences is that languages are based on the concepts, experiences, and views and so on. Proper use of the language is a sensitive cultural issue. Americans tend to exchange task-related information in business relatively frank and direct, with clear statements of needs and preferences. Generally, they openly express their disagreements and resort to aggressive persuasive tactics such as threats and warnings. And the French are verbally and non-verbally expressive. They love to argue, often engaging in spirited debate during business meetings. Asians, on the other hand, tend to be far more reticent or implicit and sometimes go to great lengths to save face or not to offend. Saving face and achieving harmony are more important factors in business dealings for the Japanese than achieving higher sales and profits.What’s more, the impact of cultural differences on negotiation also represented on non-verbal communication. Non-verbal signals differ by culture, and the differences can affect communication. For example, people from Americans who visit certain Asian countries are likely to view the fast, short steps taken by the inhabitants as peculiar or subservience or weakness. Similarly, Americans see standing up as the appropriate thing to do on certain occasions, whereas people from other cultures do not. Apart from that, as for our Chinese, an up-and-down movement of the head means yes and a side-to-side movement of the head means no. These movements may mean nothing at all or something quite different to people from other cultures. Some cultures, like our China’s, do not like touching, while people from other cultures that like touching will give you greetings ranging from full embraces and kisses to nose rubbing. If you can understand others from different cultures based on your counterpart’s standards, you can seize the opportunity to access the cultural style of others.2.3 Impact of Heroes on business negotiations（mainly focus on the nation characters）.Here I take two examples respectively from the Americans and Japanese.Americans make decisions based upon the bottom line and on cold, hard facts. They do not play favorites. Economics and performance count, not people. Business isbusiness. When faced with a complex negotiation task, Americans tend to divide the large task into a series of smaller task. Issues such as prices, packing and delivery may be settled one at a time. For them, progress in the negotiation is measured by how many issues have been settled. While in Japan, decision-making is quite different. Many Japanese companies still make decisions by consensus. This is a time-consuming process, another reason to bring patience to the negotiating table. So, quick answers to any question or problem are almost impossible. Besides, foreign businessmen negotiating with a Japanese company should avoid showing any kind of favoritism toward one individual or depending on a single individual. This will alienate the other managers.From the two examples we can draw a conclusion: overlooking cultural differences may lead to the failure of negotiation.2.4 Impact of Values on business negotiationsValues are the standards by which a culture actions and their consequences, they affect perceptions and can have a strong emotional impact upon people.In 1992, a delegation, consist of Chinese business negotiation representatives and other 12 experts in different fields, purchased about 30 million chemical equipment and technology from America. The Americans sent everyone in the delegation a souvenir after the first round of negotiation. The souvenir had a delicate package. However, when opening the gifts, they were shocked. There was a green golf cap in everyone’s box. The original meaning o f the Americans was to play golf after the agreement. They have no idea of what a green cap means to Chinese. The agreement was not reached, not because of their misbehavior but of their lacking in Chinese culture.Thus, we can see that values play an important role in business negotiations. Before negotiations, a negotiator should study the basic convictions that the people have regarding what is right and wrong, good and bad, important and unimportant.2.5 Impact of Rituals on business negotiationsReligions vary from country to country, district to district and folk to folk.In a celebration held during a negotiation in Qatar, the superintendent of a multinational corporation brings brandy to show his willingness of cooperation. As a result, he was driven off by the counterpart, who was a Moslem. It later made the company unwelcome in whole Qatar. Why? The reason is that drinking liquors is forbidden in Muslim doctrine.It should be realized that negotiators with different culture backgrounds havedifferent needs, motivation and beliefs. It is suggested to understand, accept, and respect the other party’s culture.3. Asked ArtNegotiations of the inquiry is figuring out each other's true needs, grasp each other's psychological status, express your opinion and solve problems through negotiations the important means. In daily life, ask is very artistic. For example, there are a cleric asked his father: "I in praying, may I smoke?" The request was flatly rejected. In another clergyman said: "I am in the smoking can pray?" Smoking request permission. Why, in the same conditions, an approved, another rejected? Reason is the question of artistic quality. Granted the reason is "in smoking when resting still remember the prayer, do not forget to worship god"; Have not been granted the reason is "pray heart not single-minded, using smoking to refreshing, for god not benchi ungodly". Actually, this is the question of art, which this aspect can ask, what can't ask, how to ask, what time ask, this in the negotiations are very important. So to achieve effective to ask questions, be about to master the art of questioning and skill.3.1 Clear the content of questionsAsk people should make clear above all to ask yourself what it is. If you wish to each other clearly answer your question, then you also will specific clear. Question normally only a word, therefore, must terms accurately and succinct, lest make people obscure, cause unnecessary misunderstandings. Question wording is also important because questions easily to make each other fallen intopredicament, cause each other's anxiety and worry. Therefore, in the wording on must discreet, cannot have stabbed each other, embarrassment each other's performance. Even if you are negotiations of decision-making characters, key person, also do not show their special status, show aggressive momentum, otherwise, the question will have the opposite effect.3.2 Mode choice questionsChoose briefquestioning way is very important, ask different perspectives, cause each other's reaction is different also, was the answer is different also. In the negotiation process, the other party may because of your questioning and feel pressure and restlessness. This is mainly due to the questioner problem is not clear, or give the other side with oppressive feeling, threat feeling. This is the question of strategic does not have the right. Meanwhile, in question, be careful not to mingled with a vague hint, avoid to put forward questions itself make you into an unfavourable condition.For example: some stores room management, coffee or milk just start waiter will always ask customer: "sir, coffee?" Or is: "sir, drink milk?" Its sales flatly. Later, theboss asks waiter for a change, "sir, ask method drink coffee or milk?" Results the sales ~. Because, the first kind ask method, easy get negative answers, and the latter is to choose the type, in most circumstances, customers can choose a kind of.3.3 Note that the timing of questioningThe questions of the timing is very important also. If you need to objective declarative speech for beginning, while you are using questions type's speech, is not appropriate. Grasp the opportunity is performance for questions, appear a conversation problem, should stay another's full expression again after asking questions. Early late questions will interrupt train of thought, but is not polite, also influence each other answer problem of interest. Master question time, still can control of conversation direction. If you want to be interrupted me from the topic, go back to the original topic, so, you can use ask, if you want others to be noticed you mention the topic, also can use ask, and through continuous questions, take each other guide to you wish conclusion.3.4 Consider the characteristics of the object questioningThe other question is concise, frank upright, Each other picky, goodness, questions will wrangle subtle; Each other shy, questions will be implicative; Each other questions will be tactful; impatience, Each other serious, ask questions to seriously, Each other and lively, can be witty questions.References: 李昆益《商务谈判技巧》2007/10/1张煜《商务谈判》2008/1。
商务英语毕业论文
商务英语毕业论文篇一：商务英语毕业论文毕业论文论文题目：商务英语函电的文本特征学生班级：北京外国语大学商务英语班学生姓名：指导教师：2021 年 4 月 20 日诚信声明本人郑重声明：自白所呈交的毕业论文《商务英语函电的文本特征》是在方教师的指导下，根据任务书的要求，独立撰写的。
本论文中所引用的其他个人或集体已发表的文字和研究成果，或为获得教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料，均已明确注明。
凡为本文的撰写所提供的汝明各种为形式的帮助，本人在致谢中所已经明确表达了谢意。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果。
毕业论文作者签名：2021年4 月 20日目录一、摘要4二、关键词4三、前言5四、商务英语函电的文本特征61. 商务英语函电的语言特征61．1商务英语函电的词汇特征71．2商务英语函电的句型特征7五、参考文献8六、致谢9摘要商务英语函电是日后与客户建立往来业务关系的一种书面交际语言，其意义是为了变为一笔交易，建立贸易关系。
我作为商务英语专业专业课的学生，选此题的目的一是它与专业相关，二是我想从事外贸跟单、外贸业务等工作，能朱泽内写出出类拔萃的商务英语函电是开发客户，拿到定单和业绩的基础，所以写好商务英语函电这篇论文可以整理如何写商务英语函电的方法技巧对日后的写作水平是很有作用的。
它的主要研究内容包括语言特点、词汇特征、句法特征及结语。
语言特点的范围除此以外：其行文一般严格遵守原则指导思想是礼貌、体谅、完整、清楚、简洁、具体、正确。
词汇特征有正式词汇、专业术语、缩略词汇，一词多义等等。
句法语义特征的主要句型有复合句、并列句与被动句。
要写好商务英语函电常常会遇到语言生硬、书面化、句式单一，用词枯燥等问题，然而平时注重词根量的积累，多看英文杂志，多练口语，多跟外国人交流是解决这些问题的方法。
关键词：语言特征，词汇特征和形式语言特征。
前言英文写作体现了一个人英文突显水平，最主要的是英文写作能力。
然而外贸函电不仅仅再现地是书写能力，还有逻辑推理技巧，交流技巧。
浅析商务英语信函的语言特点
浅析商务英语信函的语言特点商务英语信函在对外贸易中起着很重要的作用。
它具有其自身的独特的语言特点。
本文浅析了商务英语信函的词法和句法特征，以期为商务英语信函的教学和写作提供帮助。
标签：商务英语信函词法句法国际贸易对一个国家经济的发展起着重要的作用。
作为商务世界有效的沟通渠道,商务信函在商务活动中起着越来越重要的作用。
因此,如何最大限度地发挥商务信函的作用成了商业活动的重要组成部分。
作为英语的一种特殊语体,商务英语信函有着自己独特的文体特征。
分析了商务英语信函的词汇和句法特征,以期为商务信函的写作提供一些建议。
一、商务英语信函的词法特征商业信函要注意意思表达准确，避免误解。
因此在英语商业信函的写作时选词要准确，避免造成歧义，或者意义表达模糊，影响双方的有效交流。
1.选择具体词汇而不是抽象词汇抽象词汇意义含混，意思表达不直接、不准确，具体词汇意思明确，便于信函双方的迅速沟通。
使用具体的词汇准确地表达己方的意愿，帮助双方快速地交流，是商务信函的重要特征。
因此，英语商务信函写作应尽量使用具体词汇准确、快速地表达意思，避免意义模糊。
请看例子：(1) The payment of the goods will be effected on July 1st.(2) The goods will be paid on July 1st.(3) The shipment was affected by weather.例1中作者使用了抽象名词“Payment”表达付款的意思。
但是名词“Payment”不可以充当谓语独立表达“付款”，作者必须借助动词“effect” 表达意思。
从文体的角度，例1比例2表述更正式，但是从意思表达的简洁和准确层面看，例2意思简洁明了，更有利于双方的沟通。
例3动词“affect”意思不明确，收信人无法明确了解天气对货物运输产生怎样的影响，也就无法采取相应的对策。
因此写信人应该使用精确的词汇如“hindered”, “delayed”或者“stopped”，便于收信人对此做出正确的回应。
英语论文-Linguistic Features and Translation Techniques of Business English
毕业论文题目Linguistic Features and Translation Techniques of Business English商务英语的语言特点及其翻译技巧专业英语班级学生姓名学号指导教师年月日ContentsA b s t r a c t i n E n g l i s h (3)A b s t r a c t i n C h i n e s e (3)1.I n t r o d u c t i o n (4)2. Li nguisti c Feat ures of Bus iness Englis h (4)2.1. Definition of Business English (4)2.2. Functions of Business English (4)2.3. Lexical Analysis of Business English (5)2.3.1. Use of Abbreviations (5)2.3.2.U s e o f C o m p o u n d s (6)2.3.3. Use of Form al W ords (6)2.3.4. Use of Technical Terms (7)2.3.5. Use of Shoot and Simple Verbs (8)2.4. Syntactic Features of Business English (8)2.4.1.S e n t e n c e L e n g t h (8)2.4.2. Use of Programmed Sentence Structure (9)2.4.3. Use of Strong Opening Sentence (10)2.5. Wording Features of Business English (10)2.5.1.U s e o f t h e P r e s e n t T e n s e (11)2.5.2. More Uses of the Active Voice (11)2.5.3. More Uses of the Direct Way to Express Meaning (11)2.5.4. Use of Courteous Tone (11)3. Translation Techniques of Business English (12)3.1. Definition of Translation (12)3.2. Business Translation at Present (12)3.3. Standards for Business English Translation (13)3.4. Translation Techniques of Business English (14)3.4.1.Choosing the Exact Words (14)3.4.1.1. Identifying the Basic Meaning and Extended Meaning (14)3.4.1.2. Identifying the Normal Meaning and Technical Meaning (15)3.4.2.O m i s s i o n a n d S u p p l e m e n t (15)3.4.2.1.O m i s s i o n o f U n n e c e s s a r y W o r d s (15)3.4.2.2. Omission of Cumbersome Words (15)3.4.2.3. Adding Necessary Words and Expression (16)4. Other Techniques (16)4.1. Transformation of Parts of Speech (16)4.1.1. Translating Nouns into Verbs (16)4.1.2. Translating Adjectives into Adverbs (17)4.1.3. Translating Adjectives into verbs (17)4.2. Translation of Abbreviations (17)4.3 .Trans l at i on of C ourt eous Tone (18)5. Requirements for Translators (18)6.C o n c l u s i o n (19)B i b l i o g r a p h y (21)A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s (22)AbstractWith the deepening of globalization of the world economy, international business intercourse has been in a much more frequent trend. English has been involved in various fields in commercial activities, such as the technology transfer, foreign trade, international financing, transnational tourism and international transportation, are wholly called business English. English has become an indispensable linguistic communication means in the world economic field. So it is important for us to learn business English. Business English has its distinct features. This paper discusses its features from three aspects: lexis, syntax and pragmatics. These features should be fully understood and exercised flexibly in the course of translation of business English, which is the precondition of a proper and good translation. Meanwhile, there are many translation techniques, such as omission, supplement, transformation and so on. One should manage some translation techniques as to be a good translator. In order to help readers know more about translation techniques of business English, this paper also discusses some translation techniques of business English.Key Words: Business English; linguistic features; translation techniques摘要随着经济全球化的深入，国际贸易日趋频繁。
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论商务英语的语言特征英语论文
论商务英语的语言特征英语论文
【摘要】：^p ：本文试图对商务英语的词汇、语法、句式构造和篇章方面的特征进展初步讨论。
商务英语属于特殊用处英语(ESP)，是英语的一个分支，它与普通英语没有本质上的区别，既基于英语的根本词汇、语法和句法构造，但又具有其自身的特点，只有全面把握商务英语的特点，才能更为深化地理解商务英语。
【关键词】：^p ：商务英语词汇语法句式
1引言
随着国际商务活动的迅速开展，商务英语几乎成了国际商务活动中的一种职业语言，不仅应用于英语国家和非英语国家的商务人士之间的交流，非英语国家的商务人士也多用英语进展贸易活动。
在技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、涉外保险、国际金融、国际运输、对外劳务承包等商务活动中所使用的英语都可称为商务英语。
理解商务活动各个领域的语言特点和表达习惯对于做好各种外贸业务、拓展交流领域等非常重要。
下文从商务英语的词汇、语法、句式构造和篇章方面的特征进展初步分析^p 。
2商务英语的词汇特征
2.1专业性强商务活动涉及领域广泛，往往涉及外贸、法律、银行、保险、货运等方面的专业知识，而详细的商务活动又可能涉及相关产品的`知识，所以商务英语词汇具有很强的专业性。
只有具备相关的专业知识支撑，才能正确地理解这些词汇。
2.2商务术语
商务英语中有大量的商务术语，对于这类词语，不仅需要理解词义，也需要从专业的角度去理解，这样才能正确把握其在商务领域的含义。
比方，bank draft银行汇票;bill ofexchange汇票;bill of lading提单;date draft定期汇票;Letterof Credit信誉证;bank instrument银行票
据;sales confirmation销售确认书。
2.3一词多义
一词多义是商务英语词汇的又一特征，主要表达在同一单词的普通意义和商务意义上。
例如，汉语中的“单”一般译成“bill”,如“煤气费单”译成“a gas bill”、“剧目单”译成“a theatre bill”，但“保险单”却译成“insurance policy”。
同一单词在不同的搭配中含义也不一样。
请比拟：property in goods货权instrument of payment支付工具
property of goods货物属性instrument of acquisition购置凭证这些词汇看似简单，却要注意用词的微妙差异并认真分析^p ，确保对原文的准确理解。
2.4缩略语多
商务英语是一种工作语言，不仅需要专业化和准确性，而且要求简洁和精炼，于是大量的专业缩略语也就应运而生了。
使用缩略语不仅可以节省书写和阅读时间，也使表达更为简练。
3商务英语的语法特征
3.1常用简单时态总体来说，商务英语一般只用过去时、如今时和将来时，偶然也用如今完成时和如今进展时，所用时态较为简单，这一特征在商务英语中非常常见，这里不再举例说明。
3.2较多使用被动语态
商务英语文体通常陈述某一过程，强调客观准确，因此往往使用第三人称，采用被动语态。
其重点不在于“谁做”，而在于“做什么”和“怎么做”，动作的执行者处于“无关紧要”的地位，主要信息表达直接明了。
例如：If,on the expiry of a contract,the term for a patent relatingto the imported technology has yet to expire,the case
shall behandled in accordance with the relevant provisions.
合同期满时，如引进技术所涉及的专利尚未期满，应当按照有关规定办理。
用不同的语态来表述，意思的侧重点就会有所不同。
如要表达“A方指派B方为这一地区的独家代理”:a：Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusivesales agent in this area.
b：Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales a-gent in this area.
上面的例子中，a强调的是“B方被任命为……”,而b强调的是“A方任命B方为……”。
3.3较多使用语法连接词
由于商务英语要求信息表述明晰、逻辑严谨，所以其表述中往往用“逻辑语法词”(Logical Grammatical Operator)来明确表示前后的逻辑关系。
4商务英语的句法特征
商务活动是较为正式的人际交往活动，词汇上较为专业，句法也较为正式，多为长句，但语法构造标准，意思表达明确。
5商务英语的语篇特点
5.1较少使用修辞商务英语文体大多陈述事实，主题严肃，和文学语言相比，较少运用明喻、暗喻、拟人、夸大等修辞手法，语言较为直接、平实、客观。
5.2表述详细明确
商务英语在陈述事物时往往明晰、明确,不会模糊其辞、抽象笼统。
如商务英语中不说“We wish to confirm ourtelex dispatched yesterday.”而要说“We confirm our telex of July2nd 2023.”前一句的yesterday这一时间比拟抽象，表达不明确，读者看完之后不能马上知道终究是哪一天的电报，而后一句中明确说明“telexofJuly2nd 2023”，表达明晰明了。
5.3用语礼貌委婉
6小结
尽管商务英语的根底是英语，但其在词汇、语法、句型和篇章方面具有自己的特征，理解商务英语的语言特征，不仅有利于商务沟通的顺利进展、外贸业务的开展和国际交流的加深，也有利于商务英语的学习者更深化地理解和学习。