Sample Research Analysis and Critique样本的研究分析和批判
英语专业毕业论文Critique范文
A Critique of “Contrastive Analysis of Compliment between English and Chinese ”1.Introduction of the articleRui Yu, Li Fu & Xiao-Yu Hou’s “Contrastive Analysis of Compliment between English and Chinese”is a classic in intercultural communication studies. It is published in Journal of Intercultural Communication StudiesXVI, 2007, Volume 1, Pages 153-162.2. Analysis of the articleThe social phenomenon of compliment behavior exists in various societies and linguistic cultures. The compliment behavior can not only enhance the relationship between communicators but also consolidate and strengthen the solidarity among communicators. Thus, the compliment behavior operates like social lubricant. Compliment responses in Chinese and English have different characteristics because they are influenced by different social factors. Consequently, the study on compliment has been paid extensive attention to.This thesis aims at investigating the characteristics of compliment responses in Chinese and English, comparing their differences and similarities and attempting to analyze the reasons which lead to the differences and similarities from cross-cultural perspective.Based on Julia Gousseva’s experiment, a similar experiment was designed and carried out by the present author.The purposes were to find the features of compliment in Chinese by Chinese students, to discover similarities and differences of compliment between English and Chinese and to explore the reasons why the differences in linguistic performance exist.This article provides deeper research on this subject and examines genre of written discourse. Most of previous studies abroad and in China focus on the syntax and the topic of compliment behavior itself. This article also claims that most of the studies,such as its function,implication,and causes are based mostly on the study on the oral compliment.As for the oral compliment,this paper shows it very clear in the literature review. And it demonstrates the syntactic differences between Chinese and English compliments by the table.When it comes to the research on the written complient,it mentions focusly on the gender difference in compliment.In this thesis, the quantitative method and the qualitative method are adopted. It collects materials from college students at Chinese Department of a University,and native speakers of Chinese and non-English majors. The experiment was carefully designed so as to keep great resemblance with that of Julia Gousseva’s. And the study consisted of two parts, (1) gender-linked features, such as positive evaluation, intensifiers and personal involvement, and (2) discourse strategies, suchas good/bad new strategies, opening, closing and framing strategies, and their interests were on the differences associated genders. Then it analyzes the data and summarizes the different characteristics on compliment responses in Chinese and English through a couple of tables. Finally, it explains the differences in the application of linguistic forms and strategy to the compliment, so as to learn the social and cultural factors that might account for these differences.The major findings of this study are as follows:(1) the biggest difference lies in the use of positive evaluation, that is to say the American students use more positive evaluation. This may be explained by that many Americans are very active in expressing their ideas and feelings while more Chinese would like to choose neutral words and restrain their feeling, for many of them were taught to be observed and not to be heard when they were young. Most of the English speakers tend to accept compliments. Moreover, they often offer series of comments on the object complimented when they accept compliments. They usually express their disagreement directly when they reject compliments. In addition, English speaker use some combined strategies to express their responses to compliment.(2) The American students use more first person pronoun (2.17 vs. 0.93) and less third person pronouns (1.09 vs. 2.68) than their Chinese counterparts. It is known to us that the idea of being self-oriented is favored by many people in America. They intend to maximize the use of first person pronounin order to show their opinion directly in interaction. On the contrary, the idea of other-oriented has exerted influence over China for thousands of years, and many Chinese learn to minimize self importance by maximizing the use of the third person pronoun. Most of Chinese people tend to reject compliments. When they accept compliments, Chinese people often transfer the eompliment to some third person or to the object itself. Besides, Chinese speakers have one more strategy—Determination Expression to respond to compliment. They tend to express their determinations when they meet compliment from persons who have higher status. In addition, Chinese speakers employ more diverse sub-strategies to respond to compliments than English speakers. Finally, More Chinese speakers tend to give no response when they meet compliments than English speakers.(3) Chinese college students tend to accept compliments much more frequently than other people. The reason lies in students’ adaptation to the change of culture which results from social development and the influence of foreign cultures.(4) The reason of all these differences can attribute to their adaptation to different social worlds, which include different traditional values, different politeness principles, different realization of face, and influence of western culture.The study has some significance. Firstly, this study helps us understand differences between Chinese and English compliment responses. Thus, pragmatic mistakes in the cross-cultural communicationcan be avoided. Secondly, this study also gives the analysis of the Chinese compliment responses which enables more foreigners to know and accept Chinese communication criterions. Finally, it makes a conclusion that culture and language are interwoven, and the inclination of communicative choices is closely associated with social norms and cultural background.3. Critique of the articleAs summarized above, this is a good article with a well-chosen topic supported by many well-devised studies, which set a model for the following studies.The studies are rigorous in that the deeper research on this subject from cross cultural perspective. Besides, in the study, the peer review and comparison among various aspects of American compliment and Chinese’s were taken into consideration. This study helps us understand differences between Chinese and English compliment responses. The research on syntax between English and Chinese shows clearly that there are much difference in oral compliment. Pragmatic mistakes in the cross-cultural communication can be avoided. The finding that the American compliment resembles the Chinese one in forms, strategies and functions in the situation under study. Meanwhile, it also proves that a great deal of discrepancy emerges in the use of positive evaluation, of the 1st and 3rd person pronouns and of some discourse strategies, which areworth studying.In addition, the writers also found that the biggest difference lies in the use of positive evaluation, that is to say the American students use more positive evaluation. This may be explained by that many Americans are very active in expressing their ideas and feelings while more Chinese would like to choose neutral words and restrain their feeling, for many of them were taught to be observed and not to be heard when they were young. This study also improves that language is the carrier and mirror of its respective culture, which makes the whole research more convincing. Moreover, the finding that he American students use more first person pronoun (2.17 vs. 0.93) and less third person pronouns (1.09 vs. 2.68) than their Chinese counterparts has profound pedagogical implications and opens a new area for further research.However, there are also some drawbacks in this article.On the one hand, it is not clear on compliment responses. And the compliment responses are very few At the same time, studies of compliment from the aspect of pragmatics are limited in number. Therefore, this thesis can explore and analyze compliment responses from another new perspective and the paper may be more convincing.On the other hand, though after a couple of studies showed great progress, the question why men and women adopt such different evaluations has not been emphasized.To conclude, the studies are still rigorous and this article is still quite informative, convincing and thought-provoking though there are some shortcomings.This study analyzes the difference between Chinese and English compliment from a new perspective and a new inspiration can be given to other researchers.。
英文摘要例子Abstract
SAMPLE ABSTRACTS:1."Their War": The Perspective of the South Vietnamese Military in Their Own WordsDespite the vast research by Americans on the Vietnam War, little is known about the perspective of South Vietnamese military, officially called the Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF). The overall image that emerges from the literature is negative: lazy, corrupt, unpatriotic, apathetic soldiers with poor fighting spirits. This study recovers some of the South Vietnamese military perspective for an American audience through qualititative interviews with 40 RVNAF veterans now living in San José, Sacrame nto, and Seattle, home to three of the top five largest Vietnamese American communities in the nation. An analysis of these interviews yields the veterans' own explanations that complicate and sometimes even challenge three widely held assumptions about the South Vietnamese military: 1) the RVNAF was rife with corruption at the top ranks, hurting the morale of the lower ranks; 2) racial relations between the South Vietnamese military and the Americans were tense and hostile; and 3) the RVNAF was apathetic in defending South Vietnam from communism. The stories add nuance to our understanding of who the South Vietnamese were in the Vietnam War. This study is part of a growing body of research on non-American perspectives of the war. In using a largely untapped source of Vietnamese history &endash; oral histories with Vietnamese immigrants &endash; this project will contribute to future research on similar topics.2.Humanities:Violence, Subalternity, and El Corrido Along the US/Mexican BorderThe Geopolitical divide that separates the United States and Mexico has long plagued the region with violence and conflict. However, its extent and political nature is often overshadowed and undermined by mainstream information outlets. The boundary inspires polarized reactions: tough on crime/immigration rhetoric from politicians and enforcement officials &endash; exemplified in current border militarization&endash; and appeasement through feel-good news reporting. Such contradictions desensitize and deny the essence and root cause of the conflict &endash; an ongoing sociopolitical, cultural, and economic struggle between the two nations. While information transmission in the north has a U.S. focus, south of the divide knowledge distribution is very Mexico-centered. However, the border region acts as a third space t hat gives birth to a distinct border gnosis, a unique form of knowledge construction among subaltern communities on both its sides. One form of subalternity, corridos, (border folk ballads), has functioned to create an alternative discourse to the borderlands imaginary. This study is an examination of the analysis and critique found in corridos that seek a critical approach to the violence at the nations' shared edges and its ensuing political implications. To illustrate their subaltern function, I will examine two incidents: the 1984 McDonalds shooting in San Ysidro, California, and the 1997 death of Ezequiel Hernández in Redford, Texas. these cases are indicative of the politically charged environment of a border region that in becoming an increasingly militarized zone has also set the stage for a cultural battle amongst different forms of knowledge construction and legitimation.3.Biological Sciences:"The Listeria monocytogenes p60 Protein is not Essential for Viability in vitro, but Promotes Virulence in vivo"Author: Sina Mohammedi, 2002 UC Day nominee and runner-upIntracellular pathogens (agents which infect host cells), such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes, cause very high mortality rates in the United States. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms through which the pathogens cause disease is of great interest. Listeria infection of mice is a well-developed model system for studying the fundamentals of host-pathogen interactions. In vitro assays in animal cell cultures have helped show that Listeria causes illness by secreting molecules, called virulence factors, to the outside of the bacterial cell in order to affect the host organism. My work involves one such secreted protein,called p60. P60 is an antigen (an agent seen by the host immune system) implicated in regulated bacterial cell wall breakdown. The objective of this study was to examine two questions: first, is p60 essential to the viability of Listeria, as previously published? and second, is p60 a virulence factor in Listeria? To examine these questions, I contructed a Listeria strain lacking p60 (p60-). This new strain displayed no defect in viability. In fact, most standard in vitro pathogenicity assays were normal for p60-. However, when p60- was tested in a mouse (in vivo), a 1000-fold reduction in virulence was observed. This discovery suggests that p60 is indeed a key factor in the disease-causing ability of Listeria, but not essential for viability. Future studies will focus on the precise role of p60 in Listeria pathogenesis. This work increases our understanding of such diseases as tuberculoses, various food poisonings, and meningitis.4.Engineering:"Quantifying the Mechanics of a Laryngoscopy"Laryngoscopy is a medical procedure that provides a secure airway by passing a breathing tube through the mouth and into the lungs of a patient. The ability to successfully perform laryngoscopy is highly dependent on operator skill; experienced physicians have failure rates of 0.1% or less, while less experienced paramedics may have failure rates of 10-33%, which can lead to death or brain injury. Accordingly, there is a need for improved training methods, and virtual reality technology holds promise for this application. The immediate objective of this research project is to measure the mechanics of laryngoscopy, so that an advanced training mannequin can be developed. This summer an instrumented laryngoscope has been developed which uses a 6-axis force/torque sensor and a magnetic position/orientation sensor to quantify the interactions between the laryngoscope and the patient. Experienced physicians as well as residents in training have used this device on an existing mannequin, and the force and motion trajectories have been visualized in 3D. One objective is to use comparisons between expert and novice users to identify the critical skill components necessary for patients, to identify the mechanical properties of the human anatomy that effect laryngoscopy, and thus enable the development of a realistic training simulator. In the future an advanced training mannequin will be developed whose physical properties will be based on our sensor measurements, and where virtual reality tools will be used to provide training feedback for novice users. 5.OthersRoadways constructed of conventional pavement are subject to deformations after prolonged use. Laboratory model study of an anchored pavement was carried out. The objective of the study was to investigate construction problems and to develop specifications for a full-scale test. The study compared 1/20-scale anchored pavement and conventional slabs of similar dimensions. The model test results were compared with results from finite-element analysis. The deformations were lower for the anchored pavement compared with those for the conventional slab, and stresses in the soil were reduced and distributed more widely by rigid anchors. These findings indicate that an anchored slab offers distinct advantages over a conventional slab. The ANSYS computer program could be used to analyze such a soil-structure system, incorporating the environmental and mechanical effects.6. To examine the views of faculty and residents about teaching and evaluating health advocacy, one of the more difficult CanMEDS roles to integrate into postgraduate medical education. In 2002, two focus groups of faculty and two of residents at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, were asked standardized questions to elicit their answers to what was a health care advocate as understood and reported by teachers and residents, and what were the reported barriers and enhancers to teaching and evaluating the role of residents as health care advocates. The study found that faculty and residents knew little about how to teach and evaluate the role of the health advocate.7.This paper reports a longitudinal study on the changes in speaking vocabulary by English majors through four years’ learning, which was then compared with the native speakers’ performance./ The Englishlearners involved in the study were56 students who were enrolled in a university in 2001./They were asked to complete an oral task by producing a three-minute monologue after three minutes’ preparation in a language lab./ The native speakers were 15 American college students who accomplished the same task as the English learners./The developmental changes were measured in terms of three indexs: fluency ,word variations and lexical frequency profile.8.The performance on the three indexes on the three indexes of the across for years and the native speakers form a conyinuum. /However , Y ear Four students were significantly lower in fluency and word variations than native speakers ,but similar to the native speakers in lexical frequency profile. /The period between Y ear Two and Y ear Three saw the most noticeable progress. /The students with different starting levels of the three indexes varied in terms of their changes. /The low-level group mad greater progress than the middle-level group which produced slightly faster progress than the high-level group.。
读报的经历 喜爱的栏目期待与寄语英语作文
读报的经历喜爱的栏目期待与寄语英语作文The Experience of Reading Newspapers: My Favorite Columns and AspirationsReading newspapers has been a lifelong passion of mine, and it has always been a source of valuable information, thought-provoking perspectives, and personal growth. From a young age, I have been captivated by the power of the written word and the ability of news articles to inform, educate, and inspire. Over the years, I have developed a deep appreciation for the diverse range of topics covered in newspapers, from local community events to global affairs, and have found myself eagerly anticipating the arrival of my daily or weekly publication.One of the aspects of newspaper reading that I find most compelling is the opportunity to delve into a wide array of subject matter. Whether it's the latest political developments, the latest advancements in science and technology, or the cultural trends shaping our society, newspapers provide a window into the world that is both informative and thought-provoking. I particularly enjoy the in-depth analysis and expert commentary that can be found in the opinion and editorial sections, as they challenge me to considerdifferent perspectives and expand my own understanding of complex issues.Moreover, I have always been drawn to the human-interest stories that newspapers often feature. These articles, which delve into the lives and experiences of ordinary people, have a way of connecting with me on a personal level and reminding me of the diverse and compelling narratives that exist within our communities. From heartwarming tales of triumph over adversity to poignant accounts of human resilience, these stories have the power to inspire, uplift, and even transform the way I view the world.In addition to the breadth of content, I have also come to appreciate the role that newspapers play in fostering a sense of community and civic engagement. By reporting on local events, highlighting the achievements of community members, and providing a platform for public discourse, newspapers help to strengthen the bonds that tie a community together. I have found that engaging with these local stories and perspectives has not only broadened my understanding of my own community but has also instilled in me a deeper sense of civic responsibility and a desire to be an active participant in shaping the future of my local and global environments.One of the columns that I particularly enjoy in my daily newspaper is the arts and culture section. As someone who is deeply passionateabout the creative arts, I find great joy in reading the insightful reviews, profiles, and feature articles that showcase the diverse range of artistic expressions and cultural experiences that are shaping our world. Whether it's a thoughtful critique of a new exhibition at the local museum, an interview with a renowned musician, or a spotlight on an up-and-coming playwright, these columns have a way of igniting my own creative spark and inspiring me to explore new forms of artistic expression.Another column that I eagerly anticipate each week is the science and technology section. As someone who is fascinated by the rapid advancements in these fields, I relish the opportunity to stay informed about the latest discoveries, innovations, and breakthroughs that are transforming our understanding of the world and our place within it. From cutting-edge research in fields like biotechnology and renewable energy to the ever-evolving landscape of digital technology, these columns provide a valuable and accessible window into the complex and often rapidly changing world of science and innovation.Looking ahead, I am excited to see how the role of newspapers will continue to evolve in the digital age. As the media landscape becomes increasingly dominated by online platforms and social media, I believe that newspapers will need to adapt and innovate in order to remain relevant and impactful. This may involve exploringnew formats, leveraging emerging technologies, and finding creative ways to engage with readers in a rapidly changing world.Despite these challenges, I remain deeply optimistic about the future of newspapers and their ability to serve as a vital source of information, analysis, and community engagement. As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, I believe that the role of newspapers will become even more crucial in helping us to make sense of the world around us, to stay informed about the issues that matter most, and to connect with one another in meaningful and impactful ways.In conclusion, my experience of reading newspapers has been a profoundly rewarding and transformative one. From the breadth of content to the depth of analysis, from the human-interest stories to the civic engagement, newspapers have played a vital role in shaping my understanding of the world and my place within it. As I look to the future, I am excited to see how this medium will continue to evolve and to play a crucial role in informing, educating, and inspiring generations to come.。
关于社会科学和人文科学比较的六级英语作文
关于社会科学和人文科学比较的六级英语作文Social science and humanities are two major branches of academic disciplines that focus on studying different aspects of human society and culture. While they both aim to understand human behavior and society, there are significant differences between the two fields in terms of their methodologies, perspectives, and subject matters.Social science refers to the scientific study of human society and social relationships. It includes disciplines such as sociology, psychology, economics, political science, and anthropology. Social scientists use a variety of research methods, including quantitative and qualitative approaches, to gather and analyze data on human behavior and social systems. They seek to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships in society in order to explain and predict social phenomena. Social science research often relies on empirical evidence and statistical analysis to test hypotheses and theories.On the other hand, humanities encompass disciplines that focus on the study of human culture, history, and values. This includes subjects such as literature, philosophy, history, art, music, and religious studies. Humanities scholars use methods such as textual analysis, interpretation, and critique to examineand understand cultural artifacts and expressions. They seek to explore the meaning, significance, and impact of human creativity and experience on society. Humanities research often involves engaging with primary sources, critical theory, and theoretical frameworks to interpret and evaluate the human condition.One key difference between social science and humanities is their underlying approaches to knowledge and understanding. Social science tends to adopt a more positivist and empirical perspective, emphasizing the use of scientific methods and data to study human behavior. In contrast, humanities often take a more interpretative and critical approach, focusing on the subjective interpretation and meaning of human culture and values. While social science seeks to uncover universal laws and patterns in society, humanities delve into the complexities of human experience and expression.Another difference is in the subject matter and scope of study between the two fields. Social science primarily focuses on studying social structures, institutions, and relationships, such as politics, economics, and social inequality. It seeks to explain social behavior and phenomena through systematic analysis and observation. Humanities, on the other hand, examine humancreativity, imagination, and expression in areas such as literature, art, philosophy, and religion. They explore the cultural, historical, and aesthetic dimensions of human experience and identity.Despite these differences, social science and humanities are interconnected and complementary in their efforts to understand and analyze human society and culture. They both contribute valuable insights and perspectives to the broader study of human behavior and experience. Social science provides a foundation for examining social issues and trends, while humanities offer a deeper understanding of human values, beliefs, and aspirations. By integrating the methodologies and perspectives of both fields, researchers can gain a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complexities of human society and culture.In conclusion, social science and humanities play essential roles in advancing our knowledge and understanding of human society and culture. While they have distinct methodologies, perspectives, and subject matters, they share a common goal of exploring and interpreting the complexities of human behavior and experience. By recognizing the unique contributions of each field and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, researcherscan deepen their insights and broaden their perspectives on the diverse and evolving nature of human society and culture.。
政策评价英语作文
政策评价英语作文In contemporary society, the role of public policies is paramount in shaping the lives of citizens and the directionof a nation. As an English teacher, guiding students to evaluate these policies through the medium of English composition is not only a valuable academic exercise but also a means to foster critical thinking and civic awareness. This essay will delve into the importance of policy evaluation,the steps involved in crafting a policy evaluation essay, and the significance of such an exercise in the broadereducational context.Importance of Policy EvaluationPolicy evaluation is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it allows for the assessment of the effectiveness of a policy in achieving its intended goals. Secondly, it provides insights into the areas where a policy may need revision or improvement. Lastly, it encourages students to engage with current affairs and understand the complexities of governance.Steps in Crafting a Policy Evaluation Essay1. Choose a Policy: Select a public policy that has been implemented recently or one that is being debated. Ensurethat it is a policy you have a basic understanding of and can research further.2. Background Research: Gather information about the policy's objectives, the context in which it was introduced, and its theoretical underpinnings.3. Analysis of Implementation: Examine how the policy hasbeen executed. Consider the resources allocated, the stakeholders involved, and any challenges faced during implementation.4. Impact Assessment: Evaluate the policy's impact on society, the economy, and the environment. Use data and evidence to support your analysis.5. Stakeholder Perspectives: Discuss the views of different stakeholders, including the public, interest groups, and experts, to provide a balanced perspective.6. Critique and Recommendations: Offer a critique of thepolicy based on your findings and suggest areas for improvement or alternative approaches.7. Conclusion: Summarize your evaluation and reiterate the importance of policy evaluation in democratic governance.Significance in EducationTeaching students to evaluate public policies is significant for several reasons. It develops their ability to analyze complex issues, enhances their research skills, and encourages them to participate actively in public discourse. Moreover, it prepares them to be informed citizens who cancontribute to the betterment of society.ConclusionIn conclusion, evaluating public policies through English composition is an essential educational tool. It not only improves students' writing and analytical skills but also empowers them to engage with the political process. As educators, we must encourage such exercises to foster a generation of critical thinkers and responsible citizens.。
文化研究 英语作文
Cultural studies is an interdisciplinary field of research that focuses on the practices, symbols,and meanings that shape our understanding of the world.It encompasses a wide range of topics,including media,popular culture,social practices,and the ways in which culture influences and is influenced by power structures.The Importance of Cultural StudiesCultural studies is vital because it helps us to understand the complex ways in which culture shapes our identities,beliefs,and behaviors.It encourages us to question takenforgranted assumptions and to explore the ways in which culture is both a product and a producer of social relations.Historical Development of Cultural StudiesThe field of cultural studies emerged in the mid20th century,largely in response to the limitations of traditional academic disciplines.Scholars like Stuart Hall,Raymond Williams,and Richard Hoggart sought to develop a more inclusive and critical approach to the study of culture,one that would take into account the experiences of marginalized groups and the role of culture in social change.Key Concepts in Cultural StudiesSeveral key concepts are central to cultural studies,including:1.Cultural Capital:Refers to the knowledge,skills,and cultural experiences that individuals possess and that can be used to gain social and economic advantages.2.Hegemony:A concept developed by Antonio Gramsci to describe the ways in which dominant groups maintain their power through the dissemination of their ideas and values as the norm.3.Subculture:A group with a distinct set of values,behaviors,and symbols that differentiates it from the larger culture.4.Cultural Production:The process by which culture is created,including the creation of art,media,and other cultural products.5.Representation:How individuals and groups are depicted in cultural texts and how these depictions shape our understanding of the world.Methods in Cultural StudiesCultural studies employs a variety of methods to analyze culture,including:1.Textual Analysis:Examining the content and form of cultural texts,such as films, books,and advertisements.2.Discourse Analysis:Studying the ways in which language is used to construct and convey meaning in social contexts.3.Ethnography:Conducting fieldwork to observe and participate in the everyday lives of individuals and communities.4.Historical Analysis:Examining the historical development of cultural practices and their impact on the present.Cultural Studies and Social ChangeCultural studies is not just an academic pursuit it also plays a role in promoting social change.By highlighting the ways in which culture is implicated in power relations, cultural studies can contribute to the development of more equitable societies. Challenges in Cultural StudiesDespite its contributions,cultural studies faces several challenges,including the risk of being overly theoretical and detached from the realities of everyday life,and the difficulty of maintaining a balance between critique and celebration of culture.ConclusionCultural studies is a dynamic and evolving field that offers valuable insights into the ways in which culture shapes our lives.By engaging with the complexities of culture, cultural studies can help us to better understand ourselves and the world around us,and to work towards a more just and inclusive society.。
RecommendationLetterSample
Contents of Recommendation letter:•Relationship of between the referral and the applicant•The strength of the applicant•The further improvement space of the applicant•(printed, or hand-written, and signed by the referral)Others:•One business cardfrom the referral•Signature on the sealed envelopeRecommendation Letter SampleTo Whom It May Concern:This letter is to serve as my formal recommendation for Andrew Fuller. Andrew has been my direct assistant for several years. He has been interested in obtaining an MBA degree for some time now and I feel that he would be an excellent candidate for your esteemed program.During his time here, Andrew has consistently demonstrated a strong work ethic and a dedication to success. His efforts have produced high quality results time and time again. Last year, Andrew developed and successfully implemented a plan to streamline our production department. The plan was a major undertaking, requiring a great deal of thought and effort on Andrew’s behalf.Though Andrew is my assistant, he is also in an unofficial leadership role. Many of his co-workers seek his advice and support. Andrew is always there for them and is quite comfortable in the role.I feel his budding leadership abilities will become even more effective in a business school setting.For these reasons, I highly recommend Andrew Fuller as a candidate for your MBA program. If you have any questions regarding Andrew or this recommendation, please contact me.Sincerely,(Signature)John Thomas Operations Manager Tri-State DirectoriesSample 2To Whom It May Concern:This letter is my personal recommendation for Cathy Douglas. Until just recently, I have been Cathy's immediate supervisor for several years. I found her to be consistently pleasant, tackling all assignments with dedication and a smile.Besides being a joy to work with, Cathy is a take-charge person who is able to present creative ideas and communicate the benefits. She has successfully developed several marketing plans for our company that have resulted in increased revenue. During her tenure, we saw an increase in profits that exceeded one million dollars. The new revenue was a direct result of the plans implemented by Cathy.Though she was an asset to our marketing efforts, Cathy was also extraordinarily helpful in other areas of the company. In addition to writing effective training modules for sales representatives, Cathy assumed a leadership role in sales meetings, inspiring and motivating other employees.I highly recommend Cathy for employment. She is a team player and would make a great asset to any organization.Sincerely,Sharon Feeney Marketing Manager ABC ProductionsSample 3To whom it may concern:I think extremely highly of Hongbin Wu, and therefore it is my great pleasure to write a letter of recommendation on his behalf, for entrance into your MBA program.I have known Hongbin for more than one and a half years. I hired him to work for me as a Research Analyst at SRR in July of 1996. SRR is a full-service marketing research firm whose clients are primarily large radio stations and other music oriented media companies such as Capital Records, and MTV Networks. My roles at SRR include manager of new product development (research products and the software to analyze the results), and internal research consultant (sampling methodology and multivariate statistical analysis). In addition, as a member of the management team at SRR, I am charged with constantly working to find more efficient, cost-effective means of gathering respondent level data and producing our research products. Since joining SRR as a Senior Research Analyst, and more recently as Manager of Research and Development, Hongbin has been a major weapon in my arsenal of tools for accomplishing thesetasks.Hongbin is a creative and original thinker. He has native intelligence, great curiosity about people and ideas, and plenty of common sense that he has applied to solving many problems at SRR. In addition, he has demonstrated excellent powers of observation, and an ability to communicate and suggest change in effective but non-threatening ways. To illustrate…Early on, Hongbin was assigned to an important research project as a fill-in Project Manager. In this role he was responsible for the technical aspects of creating a computer-based survey questionnaire (from one given to him by our client services department), monitoring the telephone data collection process, and completing the data processing and analysis of the survey results.From the beginning of this assignment, Hongbin began to re-define our expectations of a good project manager. He started by participating in discussions with the client and suggesting and implementing several changes to the script that shortened its length and clarified the instructions to respondents. Without prompting or precedence he spent several days working odd hours, observing and monitoring interviewers and supervisors as they began to field this 2000 person study. Within a few days he had shortened and clarified the script even more - removing redundant questions, collapsing multiple questions into one, and improving the flow from question to question and screen-to-screen - all to the great praise of both interviewers and the director of our phone center. He had also observed something about a particular aspect of the interviewing process that was common to all surveys at SRR. He wrote a memo to several managers outlining his proposed change in methodology that clearly demonstrated the value of his idea: an annual cost reduction of close to $50,000. At the end of the project, he wrote a several page critique of our interviewing and supervisory staff. He described the characteristics and skills employed by the best interviewers he'd observed and made suggestions for how these skills could be taught to the entire staff. His recommendations were well received and soon implemented by the very manager whose staff was being critiqued; such was the value of his contribution and the skill and sensitivity with which he presented his ideas.In processing the survey results, Hongbin also quickly learned to use several advanced statistical techniques including Cluster Analysis and Discriminant Analysis with which he had only a passing knowledge prior to the project.Hongbin has also demonstrated his technical and analytical abilities in helping create a new model for bidding on new business, and in spearheading the development of tool that used a Maximum Likelihood algorithm for ascribing missing respondent data. Recently, Hongbin helped me identify the most desirable qualifications and background of computer programming candidates, and he assisted me in the recruiting and mentoring of two Chinese student interns to this position. They have both made significant contributions in only a few months of employment.Hongbin is not a native English speaker or writer, and thus, he has had to work very hard to clearly communicate his ideas. I have seen him grow in this area tremendously over the last one and half years. His attentive listening and great enthusiasm has helped him overcome anylanguage limitations. He is both self-confident and self-deprecating, and has a great sense of humor that has helped him form strong relationships with subordinates, peers, and members of our management team. Managers in other departments frequently seek his advice, and his name is always at the top of the list when choosing team members to spearhead important company initiatives.In all of these areas, Hongbin Wu has gone beyond expectations, and has out-shined all others in his peer-group at SRR. His efforts were recently rewarded with a promotion to the position of Manager of Research & Development.Hongbin is very likeable and ambitious person. I have no doubt that he will be a serious and enthusiastic student, and someday a quite successful senior level manager or entrepreneur that you would be proud to call an alumni.Sincerely,Mark PetermanVice PresidentSRRAbstracted from an article, PLS as reference:In what context and for how long have you known the applicant? Please comment on the frequency of interaction. Please give exact dates. Is this person still emplo yed by your organization?In your answers, please describe specific activities or accomplishments that demonst rate this candidate\'s strengths and weaknesses.1. What are the applicant\'s principal strengths and special talents? / Provide a sho rt list of adjectives that describe the applicant\'s strengths.2. Discuss the applicant\'s competence in his area of responsibility or specialization(i.e. organizational skills, attention to detail, ability to complete assignments).3. How does the applicant\'s performance compare with that of his or her peers? How does he accept constructive criticism? How has the applicant grown during his employment with you?4. Comment on the applicant\'s ability to work with others, including superiors, pee rs and subordinates. Would you enjoy working for the applicant? / Please discuss o bservations you have made concerning the applicant\'s leadership abilities and group skills.5. Comment on the applicant\'s maturity.6. How would you describe the applicant\'s sense of humor?7. In what ways could the applicant improve professionally? / What aspect of the applicant would you most like to change? / In which areas could the applicant exhi bit growth or improvement? Has he worked on these areas?8. How well has the applicant made use of available opportunities? Consider his ini tiative, curiosity and motivation.9. What do you think motivates the candidate\'s application to the MBA program? Do you feel the applicant is realistic in his professional ambitions? / Has the applica nt given careful consideration to his plans for entry into the MBA program? / Please comment on your impression of the applicant\'s capacity for graduate work.10. Comment on the applicant\'s business ethics.11. What is your overall assessment of the applicant\'s potential for success as an effective and inspiring upper-level manager?12. Please provide detailed comments on the applicant\'s degree of self-confidence.Feel free to make additional statements concerning the applicant\'s accomplishments, managerial potential and other personal qualities. / Comments regarding the applic ant\'s aptitude for graduate work and a career in business and management will be especially appreciated.Don\'t try to address every issue on the page; instead, pick those that show you in the best light. Start by writing a brief answer to each question. Only after you h ave good replies should you worry about fitting them together into a coherent lette r.。
报告与论文的区别分析
报告与论文的区别分析一、引言报告和论文是学术写作中常见的两种形式，它们在目的、结构、语言风格等方面存在着一定的差异。
本文将对报告与论文的区别进行分析。
二、目的不同1. 报告的目的报告的目的是向读者传达某种信息、反馈研究结果、汇报工作或者提出建议。
报告通常根据特定的需要为特定受众撰写，以便提供决策和行动的依据。
它通常要回答特定的问题或者解决特定的任务。
2. 论文的目的论文的目的是展示作者在某个领域的独立研究、观点和创新。
论文通常要为某种学术领域的进展做出贡献，或者解决某个领域的问题。
它强调对已有研究的综述和批判性思考，提出新的见解和结论。
三、结构和内容差异1. 报告的结构和内容报告通常包括以下几个部分：(1) 引言：介绍报告的背景、目的和范围。
(2) 方法和过程：描述研究方法、数据采集和分析过程。
(3) 结果和发现：以简洁明了的方式呈现研究结果、数据和图表。
(4) 讨论和分析：对结果进行解释、分析和讨论。
(5) 结论和建议：总结研究的主要结果，并给出相应的建议。
(6) 参考文献：列出报告中引用的文献。
2. 论文的结构和内容论文通常包括以下几个部分：(1) 引言：介绍研究问题、背景和目的，提出研究的重要性和意义。
(2) 文献综述：对已有研究进行回顾和分析，指出研究的空白和不足。
(3) 研究方法：描述研究的设计、数据采集和分析方法。
(4) 结果和讨论：呈现研究结果，并进行详细的解释、分析和讨论。
(5) 结论：根据研究结果，回答研究问题，并提出进一步的研究方向或建议。
(6) 参考文献：列出论文中引用的文献。
四、语言风格差异1. 报告的语言风格报告的语言通常要求简明扼要、直接清晰，注重陈述事实和数据。
使用简洁的句子和术语，避免冗长和复杂的表达。
2. 论文的语言风格论文的语言要求更为正式和学术，使用全面、准确的论证进行阐述。
在文献综述和讨论部分，需要对已有研究进行解读、分析和批判，表达观点和观点的支持。
五、总结报告和论文虽然都是学术写作的形式，但在目的、结构、内容和语言风格等方面存在明显的差异。