翻译基础作业

“翻译基础”课小组作业总体要求：第一，以小组为单位（5人左右），注重分工与合作（例如，有的负责查找资料，有的负责校对、有的负责修改、有的负责最后统稿），不能只有分工，而没有合作。

请在每次作业最前面写上小组成员姓名。

第二，英语使用Times New Roman字体，汉语用宋体。

文章标题用四号字，正文以及正文中的小标题用小四号字。

文章标题居中，正文段首缩进两个汉字，英语则缩进四格。

请注意左右两端对齐。

第三，每次译文后都要用汉语单独写一份简短的翻译体会，内容包括：翻译过程中遇到哪些具体问题，哪些问题解决了，怎么解决的，哪些问题没解决，为什么。

第一次小组作业（3月23日之前交）请将下列介绍霾对健康影响的文章翻译成汉语。

翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除参照第二次作业原文外，建议通过键入关键词搜索有关汉语信息，键入的关键词越具体越好。

Impact of Haze on Health1.What are the key air pollutants of concern during the haze period?The key air pollutant of concern during the haze period is particulate matter (PM). Short term exposure (i.e. continuous exposure to unhealthy daily average PSI levels over a period of a few days) to these air pollutants can cause respiratory symptoms and aggravate existing heart or lung disease. Exposure to particulate matter may also cause irritation of the eyes, nose and throat in healthy individuals.2. What is the short term effect of the haze on my health?Haze particles can affect the heart and lungs, especially in people who already have chronic heart or lung disease e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or heart failure. There may be up to 1-3 days of time between exposure to haze and health effects/symptoms. Among healthy individuals, short term exposure (i.e. continuous exposure to unhealthy daily average PSI levels over a period of a few days) to high levels of haze particles may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat in healthy individuals. Such irritation resolves on its own in most cases.3. What are the long term effects of the haze?Studies have shown that persons with continuous exposure over several years to high ambient pollution from fine particles (i.e. particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers) may have a higher risk of (i) cardiovascular effects, such as heart attacks, (ii) reduced lung development, as well as (iii) the development of chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, in children.4. Which groups of people are more sensitive to haze?In general, children, elderly, and people with chronic lung disease, heart disease are more sensitive to the health effects of haze, and should adopt the preventive measures when air quality is poor. Individuals are advised to consult their doctor should they develop breathing difficulties. In addition, it is advised that pregnant women reduce exposure to haze for the health of their unborn baby.5. What are the advices to the public?Drink plenty of water to stay well hydrated. Individuals with existing chronic heart and lung conditions should ensure that your medications are on hand and readily available. Nonetheless, please note that each individual’s reaction to pollutants may vary, and the amount of physical activity or exertion that can be performed differs according to an individual’s health status or physical capacity. Should you encounter symptoms or discomfort, please take additional measures to prevent further exposure. Although the general advice to the public when the air quality is good or moderate(PSI≤100) is to maintain normal activities, vulnerable persons, especially those with chronic heart and lung conditions, who develop symptoms or feel unwell should seek medical attention promptly.6. What are some practical tips for households to reduce exposure to haze particles at home?During haze episodes, the air pollutant of concern is mainly haze particles. Some practical tips to reduce indoor exposure to haze particles at home include: When the outdoor air quality appears to be worsening, close doors and windows. This will help to reduce the rate of haze particles entering the home.Stay indoors and reduce physical activities.Re-open the windows and doors in the home when the outdoor air quality improves.Wet-cleaning methods (e.g. mopping or wiping) generally do not produce dust (unlike dry-dusting or vacuuming) and can be performed to remove settled dust.Fans or air-conditioners may be used for air circulation and cooling. If the air-conditioner draws in unfiltered air from outside (e.g. window units), close the outdoor air intake opening.Portable air purifiers can be used to further reduce the indoor particle level.Advisory:Minimize activities that can produce indoor air pollutants in enclosed spaces, e.g. smoking.第二次作业（4月13日之前交）请将下列有关雾霾天注意事项的汉语文章翻译成英语。

翻译时，不能依赖词典和在线翻译，对于不知道用哪些词语表达的，除了参照第一次作业原文外，建议通过“英文”键入“haze health effect”搜索有关英语内容，从有关文章中获取信息，针对每段的翻译，根据遇到的问题，输入搜索的关键词越具体越好。