初中英语语法大全之代词专项讲解

三．代词：1.代词七大类：1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either1.人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。

表示"我" "你" "他" "我们" "你们" "他们"。

请看下表：数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称we me we us第二人称you you you you 第三人称he him they themshe herit it(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。

例如：She is my English teacher.(2)宾格在句中作宾语。

例如：They don't want me to go there alone.Don't worry. I can look after her.(3)宾格还可以作宾格。

特别是在口语中。

例如：--- Who's that?--- It's me.注意：①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。

例如：You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。

②人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中，表示强调。

例如：It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。

③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。

例如：The ship is leaving. She's on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。

这时她第一次去波士顿。

We love our country, we hope she'll be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。

④It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。

例如：It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。

⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。

例如：It is not easy to learn English well.It is good for you taking a walk after supper.I found it difficult to sleep.⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I 在最后，you 在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前，you在最后。

例如：You, he and I are all the winners.I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.2.物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。

物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。

词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs （1）形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。

在句中作定语，后面跟名词。

例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam.(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。

例如：May I use your bike? Mine is at school.(作主语)Whose glasses are these?They are hers.( 作表语)My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语)(3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用，作定语。

例如：A friend of ours are waiting forus.3.反身带词：用来表示"某人自己"的代词称为反身代词。

如下表所示：词义数我(们)自己你(们)自己他/ 她/ 它自己/ 他们自己单数myself yourself himself herself itself复数ourselves yourselves themselves（1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。

例如：Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)You'd better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：absent oneself 缺席；be oneself (人)处于正常状态；be pleased with oneself 自满；beside oneself 失常; 若狂by oneself 独自地; 单独地；come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地；in spite of oneself 不知不觉地of oneself 独自; 自发地speak to oneself 自言自语动词+ oneself ，表示自己亲自干什么例如：dress oneself 穿衣；wash oneself 洗澡；teach oneself 自修4.指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。

见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些this that these thosethis that these those指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

例如：Those are my parents. ( 作主语)Throw it like that.(作表语)The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those 表示。

例如：I'm sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this表示，起启下的作用。

例如：Tell the children to do like this:knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.5.疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。

常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom，在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。

作主语：What make you so happy?作宾语：Whom is your manager talking with?在口语中，作宾语时who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定语：Which subject do you like best?作表语：What's your mother.6.相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。

常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。

例如：We should help each other.The villagers have looked after one another these year.相互代词后可以加's,表示所有关系。

例如：We put the presents in each other's stocking.2.疑问代词的用法辨析who;whom;whose, which, what1. 疑问代词即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。

它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

who and whomwho做主语，并与，表语whom 只能做动词和介词的宾语；做动词宾语时，whom可以用who 替代；做介词宾语时，一般用whom.动词+who/whom介词+whomWho put the light out before I finished my work?Whom/who have you chosen to take part in the sports meet?With whom did you go to the concert?whose谁的they are all good at maths,but whose is the best?Whose do you like better,Jack`s or Mark`s?Which哪一个；哪一些Which is more interesting,this book or that one?Which of these printers would you like to buy?waht询问天气:What`s the weather like in summer?询问职业:What is you eleder sister?what do you do for a living?what time shall we meet tomorrow?what about 9 o`clock?用法比较what color do you like?which color do you like better,red or yellow?what is you sister？who is the man?-my father.3. 不定代词用法注意点：1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。