词类转译法Conversion

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词类转译法

词类转译法

词类转译法(转译为动词) 词类转译法(转译为动词)
…Tom looked his good-bye at the Tom goodgarden. garden 汤姆看了看园子,跟它告别。 He cast a disdainful glance at the prisoner. 他轻蔑地瞄了一眼那个囚犯。 She gives me a joyous grin. 她开心地对我笑了笑。
词类转译法(转译为动词) 词类转译法(转译为动词)
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 不敢肯定… Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙德那时已受挫折。 I was grateful to John for bringing the books. 非常感谢约翰… The student is not content with his progress.
词类转译法(转译为动词) 词类转译法(转译为动词)
… believed,a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. …认为,要成功禁止鸦片买卖,必须得先 把鸦片销毁。 Deng Xiaoping at the 11th Party Congress said,there must be less empty talk and more hard work. 邓小平在“十一大”上说,必须要少说 邓小平在“十一大”上说,必须要少说空 工作。 话,多做工作。
翻译理论与实践
词类转译法 conversion

chapter6 词类转换翻译法

chapter6 词类转换翻译法

2. There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. 目前,人们经常讨论经济增长是否令人满意这一问 题。 3. Both the management and the workers in this company are for cutting down the cost of production. 公司管理层和员工都赞成降低生产成本。
3) The real victory is not over one’s fellow runners but over one’s own body. 译文:真正的胜利不是胜过其他赛手,而是胜过自己的 体力。(adv-v)
4) Sometimes we have had to pay dearly for mistakes. 译文:有时我们不得不为错误付出昂贵的代价。(adv-a)
1) He has gained his master’s degree from Harvard’s School of Education and is finally off welfare. 他已获得了哈佛大学教育学院的硕士学位,并终 于摆脱了救济。 2) Now, complaints are heard in all parts of that country. 该国目前怨声载道。
6.2 结合实例做具体分析 1)将英语中的名词转译成汉语的动词、形容词 或副词 英语中有些名词具有动词意味,或由形容词派 生而成抽象名词,或名词后加不定冠词做表语, 或由介词+名词短语构成状语,这时常将名词汉 译作动词、形容词或副词。
1)The custom-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone’s reach. 目前这种定做的产品只有富人才能享受,而将来 人人都能买得起。(n-v) 2)A fire in the neighbor’s house can easily bring disaster to everyone. 一家失火,四邻遭殃。(n-v)

5_转译法

5_转译法

6. 副词转译成名词
It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union. 官方 宣布 , 他们就给苏联的复信一事取 宣布, 得了一致的意见。 得了一致的意见。 The paper said editorially that Mcmillan has stolen the western leadership during Dulles’ absence. 这家报纸的 社论 说 , 麦克米兰公司在杜 勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。 勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。
Unit 6
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Conversion 转译法
词类转换,是翻译常用的一种变通手段, 词类转换,是翻译常用的一种变通手段, 是突破原文词、句格局, 是突破原文词、句格局,化阻滞通行文的重 要方法。许多生硬、别扭的欧化中文, 要方法。许多生硬、别扭的欧化中文,往往 都是没有进行词类转换的结果。 都是没有进行词类转换的结果。 理论上, 理论上,翻译时词类的转换是没有限制 一个名词在不同的上下文中, 的。一个名词在不同的上下文中,或在不同 的译者笔下,既可能译成动词, 的译者笔下,既可能译成动词,也可能译成 别的词类,其他词类的转换也无不如此。 别的词类,其他词类的转换也无不如此。
5.形容词转译成名词 5.形容词转译成名词
eloquent Stevenson was elegant------but soft.
and
史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。 但很软弱。 The new contract would be good for 5 years. 该新合同的有效期为五年。 该新合同的有效期为五年。 有效期为五年

conversion语言学名词解释

conversion语言学名词解释

conversion语言学名词解释Conversion语言学Conversion语言学是一门研究语言中的转换现象的学科。

它探究语言中的词类变化、词汇转换及词义转移等现象。

以下是与Conversion语言学相关的名词及其示例解释:1. Conversion(词类转换)•定义:词类转换是通过改变词的词形或词义来将一个词从一个词类转换为另一个词类的语言现象。

•示例:–“water” (名词)可以通过转换为动词形式“to water”(动词)来表示”给植物浇水”的动作。

2. Zero-derivation(零派生)•定义:零派生是一种词类转换形式,它通过改变词的词法特征来将一个词从一个词类转换为无任何词形变化的另一个词类。

•示例:–“to email” (动词)通过零派生转换为“email”(名词)来表示”电子邮件”。

3. Back-formation(逆构词)•定义:逆构词是从某个词的派生词中移除词缀,从而形成一个新的词。

•示例:–“editor” (名词)通过逆构词转换为“edit” (动词)来表示”编辑”的动作。

4. Suppletion(替代派生)•定义:替代派生是一种通过改变词的词根或词干来进行词类转换的形式。

•示例:–“good” (形容词)通过替代派生转换为“the good”(名词)来表示”好的人或事物”。

5. Metonymy(转喻)•定义:转喻是一种通过语义转移将词从原本的意义转换为与其有关的其他意义的语言现象。

•示例:–“crown” (皇冠)通过转喻转换为“the monarchy”(君主制)来表示”国家的王权”。

6. Synecdoche(提喻)•定义:提喻是一种通过将一个词代表的整体改为代表其一部分,或者将代表一部分的词改为代表整体的语言现象。

•示例:–“bread” (面包)通过提喻转换为“food” (食物)来表示”食物的一种”。

7. Conversionalization(语言化)•定义:语言化是指将某个词或短语从其他语言借用并转换为与本土语言相适应的语言现象。

第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法

第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法
译文:发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本,所以它 们能集中生产很多技术密集型的产品,比如计算机、飞 机等等。
析: 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的, 另外,英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此,严格地说,是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩,使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文:他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区,此刻一片萧条景象。
析: 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”, 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才,有风度,但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.

II Conversion 转换(4)

II  Conversion 转换(4)

e). She escorted the foreign guests around the sights of Haikou. 她陪同外宾游览海口的景点。 f). he is on Hainan Daily. 她在海南日报社任职。 g). The people are with him. 人民拥护他。 h). Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷。
(B). E. Adjectives into C. Verbs(形—动)
a). He was a frustrated man at that time. 他那时已受挫折。 b). They are news-hungry. 他们迫切想弄到消息。 c). It was a very informative meeting. 会上透露了许多信息。 d). In order to carry through her policies of economic development, peace is necessary for China. 为了贯彻经济发展政策,中国需要和平。
d). They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 他们签订了两个协定,目的是使他们的关系热乎起 来。 e). A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个穿着讲究的人上了车,他的外表和谈吐都像个美 国人。
a). Concern for the preservation of public property should not be confined to protecting it from thieves and wreckers. 关注保护公共财产不应仅限于使其免遭偷盗与破坏。 b). This shop has a large choice of hats and shoes. 这家商店有多种款式的鞋帽可供选择。 c). The cathedral is a conglomeration/combination of contrary styles and periods. 这座大教堂综合了不同时期的不同建筑风格。 d). Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security. 每个国家最清楚应怎样维护自己的国家安全。 e). We are enemies of all aggressive wars. 我们反对一切侵略战争。

conversion转译法

conversion转译法

2. 形容词→名词 1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员 2) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant --- but a little soft 史蒂文森有口才,有风度,但有点软弱
3) The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology. 克里姆林宫正在转向西方寻求资金和技术
4) “Coming!”. Away she skipped over the lawn, up the patch, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porth “来了”,她转身蹦蹦跳跳地离开了草地, 跑上了小路,跨上了台阶,穿过了阳台, 进了门廊
三、动词的转换

英语中有许多从名词派生而来或有名词转 用的动词, 它们大都难以直接译成汉语动词, 因而需要将其转换成名词后再译出, 同时往 往还需调整相关词语的词类和语序, 或适当 增词加以补充, 使译文更加完整, 通顺
1. He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. 他昨天请我在饭馆里吃了一顿像样的午餐
4. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这种材料的特点是绝缘性好并且耐磨性强
5. The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 这项设计的目标是自动操作、调节简单、 维护简易、生产率高

Translation Techniques (1) Conversion, Amplification, Omission

Translation Techniques (1) Conversion, Amplification, Omission

Teaching PlanI. Teaching contentsA. Conversion between different parts of speechB. AmplificationC. OmissionII. Aims of teachingTo make students skilled in word translation.III. Teaching FocusStudents’ ability in dealing with the techniques.IV. Teaching MethodDiscussion (group work, then class work).V. Teaching procedures在翻译过程中,如果绝对地按照原语的词性进行翻译,有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合译语的表达习惯。

这时,我们可以对原语的词性进行转换翻译。

英译汉中常见的词性转换有以下几个方面。

1. 转译为动词1.1 名词转译为动词A) 一些习语中的主体名词可以转成动词,如:这类习语有:have a rest, go for a walk, bear a resemblance to , catch a look, make a claim to, pay attention to, have an effect on, in answer to, by means of, with a view of, for lack of, in accordance with, on account of, in proportion to, at the expense of1. We wouldn’t have any idea when the boy was born.我们不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。

2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can.我不但原谅你对我的不忠实,还要尽力为你效劳。

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翻译技巧4词类转译法英语与汉语的一个显著差异:英语呈静态;汉语呈动态从词汇用法上,英语中常用抽象名词、动词的同源名词、同源形容词、副词及介词等来表达动态含义。

而汉语的动词由于无形态变化,若要表示动作意义,往往只能采用动词。

Don’t believe him.You should know he is a good kidder.不要相信他。

你应该知道他很会骗人的。

I’m doubtful whether he is still alive.我怀疑他是否还活着。

Mother is on the telephone with father.母亲与父亲在通话。

一、词类的转译(一)英语名词的转译1.英语名词—〉汉语动词nominalization)成为英语使用中的普遍现象,构成了静态为主的语言特征。

而汉名词化(nominalization语是逻辑性语言,不受动词形态变化的约束,使用较多的动词,形成了明显的动态优势。

英译汉的过程就是在译文中强化原文动态色彩的过程,常常需要英语名词转换成汉语动词。

(1)具有动作意义的名词(action nouns)例1.I’m convinced that China’s WTO membership will do more contributions to the development of global economy.我坚信中国加入WTO将会对全球经济发展做出更大贡献。

例2.Parents’love of children is perfect and minute.(n.+of)父母爱子女无微不至。

English.(n.+of短语)例3.There is no shortcut to the mastery of English掌握英语无捷径。

(2)有些与感官动词(see,hear,think,know等)相联系的名词(sight,sound,glance,view, knowledge等)通常转译成动词。

例1.The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听到隆隆的机声,我的心里充满特别的向往之情。

例2.Some knowledge about the structure and history of Chinese is helpful for the study of the language.了解一下汉字的结构和发展史,对学习汉语是有帮助的。

(3)某些由动词作词根+er/or构成的名词,当它不表示个人的职业,而具有较强的动作意义时,可将其转译为动词。

例1.Professor Wang was the instructor of our experiment.王教授指导我们做实验。

例2.He is a good eater and a good sleepersleeper.他能吃能睡。

例3.Those photos served as a reminder of my childhood.那些照片使我想起了童年。

例4.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.恐怕我不能教你游泳。

我想我的小弟弟比我教得更好。

(4)构成动词短语的中心名词have a look,have a glance at,have a love for,take care of,take notice of,pay attention to,make use of,give approval to等例1.He had a good knowledge of chemistry.他精通化学。

stop.例2.Please don’t get on or off the bus before it comes to a full stop在车没有完全停稳之前,请不要上下车。

(5)由弱化的动词结构there be+名词也能表达动态含义As Shanghai becomes increasingly congested and polluted,there has been a growing realization that action is needed to tackle these problems.随着上海变得越来越拥挤,污染问题日益严重,人们更加意识到需要采取行动来解决这些问题。

2.英语名词—〉汉语的形容词形容词派生来的名词例1.We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.我们深信这一政策是正确的,并决定继续奉行这一政策。

例2.Australian guests are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the airport.澳大利亚客人对于我们在机场所给予的盛大热情的接待,深表感谢。

3.英语名词—〉汉语的副词The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of the two superpowers.会上,代表们一致表示坚决地反对两个超级大国的霸权主义。

(二)英语形容词的转译1.英语形容词—〉汉语的动词(1)由动词派生来的形容词,尤其以-able,-ible为后缀的形容词动作意义明显work---workableavail---availableconvert---convertibleapply---applicabledispose---disposable这类形容词使用频率高,能贴切地体现出汉语的动词意义.。

译为“可……”,“适合…..”dismissible,so don’t take it to heart.她的话无足轻重,不要太往心里去。

例1What she said is dismissible不相容。

Water is incompatible with fire.例2水火不相容例3The State Department’s top-ranking Asian specialist said Monday that China’s opening to the West is a helpful policy that should be encouraged by close ties with the United States.国务院最高级的亚洲问题专家星期一说,中国向西方开放的政策是一项好政策,应该通过加强中国同美国的关系来加以鼓励。

(2)表示心理活动和状态的形容词(confident,certain,angry,aware,optimistic,anxious,guilty, delighted,reluctant等)例1.Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

持乐观的态度。

例2.对中美关系的未来我持乐观的态度I’m very optimistic about the future development of Sino-US relations.(3)以-ed,-ing结尾的形容词常与be动词或其他弱化动词连用,具有明显的动态特征excited/enlightening/pushing/relieved/determined/rewarding/embarrassing/well-intentioned等松了一口气。

例1知道他已经安全地到达美国,我终于松了一口气Knowing that he had arrived in the US safely,I was greatly relieved.例2Saud was a frustrated man at that time.沙特那时已受挫折。

2.英语形容词—〉汉语的名词hypocritical.我们大家认为他是一个十足的伪君子。

例1.Most of us think him very hypocriticalflexible,and can do a greater variety of jobs.例2Computers are more flexible计算机的灵活性较大,因此,能做更多不同的工作。

3.英语形容词—〉汉语的副词例1.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.目前,我国各地对各种消费品的需求已大大增加。

例2She was concentrating herself too thoroughly---what she did really required less mental andphysical strain.她的注意力集中得过分了——她做这工作,精神上肉体上都用不着那样紧张的。

例3.We must make full use of the natural resources available.我们应当充分利用现有的自然资源。

(三)英语动词的转译1.英语动词—〉汉语的名词例1.Quick decision characterized him.当机立断是他的特点。

例2.Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。

例3.Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.气体和固体的区别在于气体的可压缩性比固体的大。

2.英语动词—〉汉语的副词例Underground water reserves are much larger than those on the surface,but as they are unseen we tend to underestimate them.地下水的储量比地表水大得多,但是由于看不见,人们往往会低估地下水的储量。

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