词类转译法
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词类转换译法
英语中许多名词, 动词含义灵活, 翻译时需要从其基本 意义出发, 联系上下文加以灵活处理。
通常情况下, 由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义或含 有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成汉语动词; 由形容 词派生的名词和一些加不定冠词作表语用的名词往往 可以转译成形容词。有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语 与句子其他成分之间存在一定的逻辑关系时, 可以根 据其意义转译成汉语副词或相应的状语成分。
give no evidence of 不足以说明 keep watch over 密切注视 have an effect on 影响 put on an imitation 模仿
2. prep. + objective + prep. in answer to 响应
on account of 基于…的原因 in proportion to 与…成比例 He has already made mention of the matter in
那天交好运的渔夫们都已回来 。
What film will be on this evening?
今晚放映什么影片？
That book will be out pretty soon.
那本书不久就要出版了。
In those years the republicans were in.
那些年是共和党执政。
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.
他们沿着大街走去, 经过许多商店, 穿过一 个大广场, 然后进入了一座大厦.
3 形容词转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状 态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时， 往往可转译成动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious，grateful, able, content, suspicious, resentful等。
词类转换译法
一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。
International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another.
国际贸易就是一个国家生产的商品和提供的 服务与另一个国家生产的商品和服务进行交 换。
3. 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher 教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并 不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作 意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时， 往往可以译成动词。
指职业的时候只能译成名词。e.g.
She is a well-known singer.
He is the best singer of this song in our class.
He started at a walk but soon broke into a run.
他开始时慢慢走着，但一会儿就奔跑起来。
The film took my thoughts back to the days in London.
影片使我回想起在伦敦的日子。 beyond thought 想象不到 after much thought 经仔细考虑后
give no evidence of 不足以说明 keep watch over 密切注视 have an effect on 影响 put on an imitation 模仿
2. prep. + objective + prep. in answer to 响应
on account of 基于…的原因 in proportion to 与…成比例 He has already made mention of the matter in
International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another.
国际贸易就是一个国家生产的商品和提供的 服务与另一个国家生产的商品和服务进行交 换。
3. 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher 教师，thinker思想家等等，有时在句中并 不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作 意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时， 往往可以译成动词。
指职业的时候只能译成名词。e.g.
She is a well-known singer.
He is the best singer of this song in our class.
He started at a walk but soon broke into a run.
他开始时慢慢走着，但一会儿就奔跑起来。
The film took my thoughts back to the days in London.
影片使我回想起在伦敦的日子。 beyond thought 想象不到 after much thought 经仔细考虑后
give no evidence of 不足以说明 keep watch over 密切注视 have an effect on 影响 put on an imitation 模仿
2. prep. + objective + prep. in answer to 响应
on account of 基于…的原因 in proportion to 与…成比例 He has already made mention of the matter in
词类转译法
词类转译法（转译为动词） 词类转译法（转译为动词）
…Tom looked his good-bye at the Tom goodgarden. garden 汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。 He cast a disdainful glance at the prisoner. 他轻蔑地瞄了一眼那个囚犯。 She gives me a joyous grin. 她开心地对我笑了笑。
词类转译法（转译为动词） 词类转译法（转译为动词）
Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 不敢肯定… Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙德那时已受挫折。 I was grateful to John for bringing the books. 非常感谢约翰… The student is not content with his progress.
词类转译法（转译为动词） 词类转译法（转译为动词）
… believed,a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. …认为，要成功禁止鸦片买卖，必须得先 把鸦片销毁。 Deng Xiaoping at the 11th Party Congress said,there must be less empty talk and more hard work. 邓小平在“十一大”上说，必须要少说 邓小平在“十一大”上说，必须要少说空 工作。 话，多做工作。
翻译理论与实践
词类转译法 conversion
课件：转换译法
• His words and deeds testify to his honesty. • 他的言行证明他是诚实的。
• 二、 名词可转译成动词 • ① 含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动
词。
• Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.
• 四、形容词转译成名词 • ① 有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类人，
汉译时常译成名词。
• They did their best to help the poor. • 他们尽最大努力帮助穷人。 • ② 由名词派生的形容词可转译成名词。
• The Wilde family were religious. • 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。
如characterize, symbolize, design, cost, behave等， 这些动词在英语中用得很普遍，但是翻译成汉语 时却很难找到与之对等的词因此，译成汉语时， 常常转译为名词。
• Such materials are characterized by good insulation （绝缘） and high resistance to wear.
• The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
• My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
• Millions of people in the mountains areas are finally off poverty.
• 每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步。
• The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
• 二、 名词可转译成动词 • ① 含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动
词。
• Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.
• 四、形容词转译成名词 • ① 有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类人，
汉译时常译成名词。
• They did their best to help the poor. • 他们尽最大努力帮助穷人。 • ② 由名词派生的形容词可转译成名词。
• The Wilde family were religious. • 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。
如characterize, symbolize, design, cost, behave等， 这些动词在英语中用得很普遍，但是翻译成汉语 时却很难找到与之对等的词因此，译成汉语时， 常常转译为名词。
• Such materials are characterized by good insulation （绝缘） and high resistance to wear.
• The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
• My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
• Millions of people in the mountains areas are finally off poverty.
• 每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步。
• The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.
词类转换翻译法
词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。
原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。
【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。
【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。
【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。
【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。
【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。
【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。
【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。
实用翻译技巧：词类转换法
我们认识到知识产权对于开发新药的 重要性。
❖3. 副词---名词 ❖It is officially announced that the
unemployment rate will get lower next year.
官方宣称明年失业率将有所降低。
❖Psychologically and culturally, it is difficult and sometimes threatening to look too closely at failure.
我们仔细研究了这种收入高低即为社 会尺度/标尺的观点。
Hale Waihona Puke ❖2. 名词---副词 ❖I have the honor to inform you that
your application has been accepted.
我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被 接受。
❖四、非形容词转形容词 ❖1. 副词---形容词 ❖Not surprisingly, the rush of
arises because a country’s residents want to buy foreign goods.
外汇需求的产生是因为一个国家的居民 想购买外国商品。
❖The products of our factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
❖2. 形容词---动词 ❖These occurrences are normal,
within specifications, and are not indicative of defects in products.
❖3. 副词---名词 ❖It is officially announced that the
unemployment rate will get lower next year.
官方宣称明年失业率将有所降低。
❖Psychologically and culturally, it is difficult and sometimes threatening to look too closely at failure.
我们仔细研究了这种收入高低即为社 会尺度/标尺的观点。
Hale Waihona Puke ❖2. 名词---副词 ❖I have the honor to inform you that
your application has been accepted.
我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被 接受。
❖四、非形容词转形容词 ❖1. 副词---形容词 ❖Not surprisingly, the rush of
arises because a country’s residents want to buy foreign goods.
外汇需求的产生是因为一个国家的居民 想购买外国商品。
❖The products of our factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
❖2. 形容词---动词 ❖These occurrences are normal,
within specifications, and are not indicative of defects in products.
第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法
译文：发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本，所以它 们能集中生产很多技术密集型的产品，比如计算机、飞 机等等。
析： 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的， 另外，英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此，严格地说，是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩，使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文：他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区，此刻一片萧条景象。
析： 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”， 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
析： 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的， 另外，英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此，严格地说，是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩，使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文：他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区，此刻一片萧条景象。
析： 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”， 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
翻译技巧汇总 词类转译法
7
课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
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课堂练习参考译文：
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。 • 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。 • 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院，但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
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英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词 • Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. • 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收 缩。 • Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. • 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。
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The weak should be protected. 弱者应受到保护。
→转译成形容词
2)英含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 In building after building, talk of that
murder is in the air. 原顺序：对凶杀案的谈论是在流传之中。 改为：人们到处谈论着…
The thought of fat meat makes me sick. 一想到肥肉我就恶心。
Cf. She is a well-known singer. 她是一位著名的歌唱家。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I suppose my younger brother is a better teacher than I am.
恐怕我不能教你游泳，我想我弟弟 会比我教得好。
Shall we have a rest? 我们休息一下，好吗？ Let me have a try. 我来试一下。 He made no mention of his resignation. 他没有提到辞职的事。
b)介词→转译成动词
英语中含有动作意味的介词汉译时可以译成 动词。
例: The Red Army men struggled ahead, across the snow mountains and through the marshes. 红军战士爬雪山，过草地，艰难地前进着。
例: They are not sure they can save his life. 他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。
Is he able to do it? 他能够做那件事吗？
I have to be cautious. 我必须小心谨慎才是。
She was always confident. 她总是信心十足。
Exercises
1)I’m not a mind reader. 2)Parents are always our perfect and
minute lovers. 3)Lin Zexu was the most successful
opium banner. 4) Being a successful organizer of this
翻译理论与实践
英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(2)
词类转译法 (Conversion)
汉英词类句法功能对照表
汉语
英语
名 主语;宾语;定语; 主语;宾语;
词 状语;谓语
表语;定语
形 容 词
定语;表语;主语; 宾语; 状语;谓语
定语;表语; 宾补
动 词
谓语;主语;宾语; 定语;表语
谓语
例: 1）这是一个很清楚的问题。 2）这个问题一定要搞得清清楚楚 3）问题很清楚。 4）他清楚地说明了这个问题。 5）清楚是很重要的。 6）我就喜欢清楚。
▪ 1) 转译成动词 ▪ 2) 转译成名词 ▪ 3) 转译成形容词 ▪ 4) 其他词类转译
→ 转译成动词
英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得 多，而名词用得少，汉语可以几个动词 或动词性结构连用，而英语句子中往往 只有一个谓语动词。
He admires the President stated decision to fight for the job.
3)Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banner. 林则徐禁烟最为成功。
4) Being a successful organizer of this football match, he still appears modest.
虽然成功举办了…
4) 作为习语主体的名词 常转译成动词：
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系，有一个特点，那就是以礼相 待。
To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名 词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找 到合适的动词，这时可以转译成名词。
d) 副词→转译成动词
例: Is he up yet? 他起床了没有？
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘了穿鞋子。
Please open the window to let fresh air in.
请打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。 When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left. 他回来时，收音机仍然开着，因为他离开
→转译成名词
2) 英语被动句式，可译成“受到/遭到--+名词”或“予以/加以---+名词”结构;
The invasion of another independent country must be stopped. 侵犯另一个独立国家的行为必须予以制止。
He was criticized by his leader for failing to report the accident. 他由于未对事故进行汇报而受到领导的批评。
他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心 奋斗 表示 钦佩。
英译汉过程中词类转换
1) 转译成动词: a)名词转译成动词; b)介词转译成动词; c)形容词转译成动词; d) 副词转译成动词.
a) 名词→ 转译成动词
英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有动 作意义的名词常可转译成动词：
1) 动词派生的名词转译成动词。 2) 含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词，不是指
1) This is a clear question.
2) The problem is quite clear.
3) The problem must be made clear.
例: 我们讨论了这个问题。
讨论开始了。 首先确定讨论的问题。 这是一次重要的讨论。
She got a fright. The noise frightened me. It was a frightful storm.
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。
The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
名词→ 转译成动词
He was punished by the school for cheating in the exam. 他因考试作弊而受到学校的处分。
→转译成名词
3) 形容词转译成名词: 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一
类人，汉译为名词。例：
Do not look down upoБайду номын сангаас the poor. 不要看不起穷人。
It was frightfully dangerous.
汉语一个词类能充当的句子成分较多, 一般无须改变词类;英语一个词类能充 当的句子成分较少,充当不同成分时常 常要改变词类。
因此，在翻译实践中，要做到既忠实 于原文又符合译文的语言规范，就不 能机械地按原文词类“对号入座” 逐 字硬译，而需要进行适当的词类转换。
词类转译法 (Conversion of Parts of Speech):
就是指在翻译过程中，根据译文语言 的习惯进行词类转换，即把原文中属于某 种词类的词在译文中转换另一种词类，从
而使译文通顺自然。
Is your father a smoker? 你父亲抽烟吗？
She is a real beauty. 她非常漂亮。
使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
…Tom looked his good-bye at the garden. 汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。
3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词，不是指 其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动 作意味, 通常转译成动词。
例: Some of my classmates are good singers. 我同学中一些人唱歌唱得好。
diabetes. The government called for the
establishment of more technical schools.
名词→ 转译成动词
Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are exceptionally good.
原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。 改为:徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 试译:
时忘记关了。
→转译成名词
1)名词派生的动词或由名词转用的动 词转译成名词;
2) 英语被动句式，可译成“受到/遭 到---+名词”或“予以/加以---+名 词”结构;
3) 形容词转译成名词。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到合适的 动词，这时可以转译成名词。
The people are with him. 人民拥护他。
He came to my home for help. 他来到我家，请求帮助。
What are you after? 你追求什么？
c)形容词→转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状 态的形容词(如:afraid , thankful, certain, able, concerned, doubtful , grateful等)， 在系动词后做表语时，常转译成动词。
→转译成形容词
2)英含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 In building after building, talk of that
murder is in the air. 原顺序：对凶杀案的谈论是在流传之中。 改为：人们到处谈论着…
The thought of fat meat makes me sick. 一想到肥肉我就恶心。
Cf. She is a well-known singer. 她是一位著名的歌唱家。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I suppose my younger brother is a better teacher than I am.
恐怕我不能教你游泳，我想我弟弟 会比我教得好。
Shall we have a rest? 我们休息一下，好吗？ Let me have a try. 我来试一下。 He made no mention of his resignation. 他没有提到辞职的事。
b)介词→转译成动词
英语中含有动作意味的介词汉译时可以译成 动词。
例: The Red Army men struggled ahead, across the snow mountains and through the marshes. 红军战士爬雪山，过草地，艰难地前进着。
例: They are not sure they can save his life. 他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。
Is he able to do it? 他能够做那件事吗？
I have to be cautious. 我必须小心谨慎才是。
She was always confident. 她总是信心十足。
Exercises
1)I’m not a mind reader. 2)Parents are always our perfect and
minute lovers. 3)Lin Zexu was the most successful
opium banner. 4) Being a successful organizer of this
翻译理论与实践
英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(2)
词类转译法 (Conversion)
汉英词类句法功能对照表
汉语
英语
名 主语;宾语;定语; 主语;宾语;
词 状语;谓语
表语;定语
形 容 词
定语;表语;主语; 宾语; 状语;谓语
定语;表语; 宾补
动 词
谓语;主语;宾语; 定语;表语
谓语
例: 1）这是一个很清楚的问题。 2）这个问题一定要搞得清清楚楚 3）问题很清楚。 4）他清楚地说明了这个问题。 5）清楚是很重要的。 6）我就喜欢清楚。
▪ 1) 转译成动词 ▪ 2) 转译成名词 ▪ 3) 转译成形容词 ▪ 4) 其他词类转译
→ 转译成动词
英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得 多，而名词用得少，汉语可以几个动词 或动词性结构连用，而英语句子中往往 只有一个谓语动词。
He admires the President stated decision to fight for the job.
3)Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banner. 林则徐禁烟最为成功。
4) Being a successful organizer of this football match, he still appears modest.
虽然成功举办了…
4) 作为习语主体的名词 常转译成动词：
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系，有一个特点，那就是以礼相 待。
To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名 词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找 到合适的动词，这时可以转译成名词。
d) 副词→转译成动词
例: Is he up yet? 他起床了没有？
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘了穿鞋子。
Please open the window to let fresh air in.
请打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。 When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left. 他回来时，收音机仍然开着，因为他离开
→转译成名词
2) 英语被动句式，可译成“受到/遭到--+名词”或“予以/加以---+名词”结构;
The invasion of another independent country must be stopped. 侵犯另一个独立国家的行为必须予以制止。
He was criticized by his leader for failing to report the accident. 他由于未对事故进行汇报而受到领导的批评。
他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心 奋斗 表示 钦佩。
英译汉过程中词类转换
1) 转译成动词: a)名词转译成动词; b)介词转译成动词; c)形容词转译成动词; d) 副词转译成动词.
a) 名词→ 转译成动词
英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有动 作意义的名词常可转译成动词：
1) 动词派生的名词转译成动词。 2) 含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词，不是指
1) This is a clear question.
2) The problem is quite clear.
3) The problem must be made clear.
例: 我们讨论了这个问题。
讨论开始了。 首先确定讨论的问题。 这是一次重要的讨论。
She got a fright. The noise frightened me. It was a frightful storm.
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。
The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
名词→ 转译成动词
He was punished by the school for cheating in the exam. 他因考试作弊而受到学校的处分。
→转译成名词
3) 形容词转译成名词: 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一
类人，汉译为名词。例：
Do not look down upoБайду номын сангаас the poor. 不要看不起穷人。
It was frightfully dangerous.
汉语一个词类能充当的句子成分较多, 一般无须改变词类;英语一个词类能充 当的句子成分较少,充当不同成分时常 常要改变词类。
因此，在翻译实践中，要做到既忠实 于原文又符合译文的语言规范，就不 能机械地按原文词类“对号入座” 逐 字硬译，而需要进行适当的词类转换。
词类转译法 (Conversion of Parts of Speech):
就是指在翻译过程中，根据译文语言 的习惯进行词类转换，即把原文中属于某 种词类的词在译文中转换另一种词类，从
而使译文通顺自然。
Is your father a smoker? 你父亲抽烟吗？
She is a real beauty. 她非常漂亮。
使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
…Tom looked his good-bye at the garden. 汤姆看了看园子，跟它告别。
3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词，不是指 其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动 作意味, 通常转译成动词。
例: Some of my classmates are good singers. 我同学中一些人唱歌唱得好。
diabetes. The government called for the
establishment of more technical schools.
名词→ 转译成动词
Xu Beihong’s paintings of horses are exceptionally good.
原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。 改为:徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 试译:
时忘记关了。
→转译成名词
1)名词派生的动词或由名词转用的动 词转译成名词;
2) 英语被动句式，可译成“受到/遭 到---+名词”或“予以/加以---+名 词”结构;
3) 形容词转译成名词。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到合适的 动词，这时可以转译成名词。
The people are with him. 人民拥护他。
He came to my home for help. 他来到我家，请求帮助。
What are you after? 你追求什么？
c)形容词→转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状 态的形容词(如:afraid , thankful, certain, able, concerned, doubtful , grateful等)， 在系动词后做表语时，常转译成动词。