语法专项·精讲—定语从句
(完整版)定语从句讲解
1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾 语、状语等）。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ，who ，whom ，whose ，which;关系副词有 when ，where ，why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里，有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ，whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
（作主语） The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
（作宾语）I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
（作宾语，whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。
中考英语语法精讲：定语从句
中考英语语法精讲：定语从句定语从句精讲一、基本概念：定语从句：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose)等,关系代词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语；关系副词有where, when, why等，关系副词在从句中做状语。
关系词的作用：1.代替先行词；2.连接先行词和从句；3.作定语从句的句子成分。
二、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
三、关系代词和关系副词的用法注意前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
例如:This is the person whom you are looking for.(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.(4)关系词只能用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词或形容词最高级时,只能用that。
He was the first person that passed the exam.b.先行词是all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that。
(完整版)定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as（主, 宾, 定）关系副词: when, where, why.（状语）2.关系词的作用:（1）引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。
语法专题—定语从句
定语从句（十九）
1.与定语从句中的谓语动词的搭配有关。 He told me the thing of which he was not too sure . (be sure of 对……有把握） 2.与先行词的搭配有关。 I do not like the way in which she speaks. ( in the way 是固定搭配） 3.与所要表达的逻辑意义有关。 Germany is the country against which we fight. (fight against 是指交战的双方） Germany is the country with which we fight.(fight with 可以指交战的伙伴）
定语从句（十八）
五. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从 句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 ，从句经 常由“介词＋关系代词”引导。 The school (which/ that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的 选择。
定语从句（十三）
eg. The predicate is that which is said of the subject. 4.当关系代词之后有插入语时； eg Here is the ALD which, as I have told you,is a great help to you. 宜用who ,而不用that 的情形； 1.先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone, people等时； eg. Those who are from Qingdao come this way. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解一、什么是定语从句？定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，并对其进行进一步的说明或限制。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词主要有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
- that用于修饰物，常用来引导限制性定语从句；- which用于修饰物，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；- who用于修饰人，常用来引导限制性定语从句；- whom用于修饰人，在非正式情况下，常省略为who，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；- whose表示所属关系，修饰人或物；- when表示时间，在定语从句中用来引导时间状语从句；- where表示地点，在定语从句中用来引导地点状语从句。
三、定语从句的位置和用法定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾，用来修饰名词或代词。
它可以进一步说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
以下是一些示例：1. The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl, who is wearing a red dress, is my sister.who is wearinga red dress, is my sister.那个穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。
3. The city where I was born is very beautiful.where I was born is very beautiful.我出生的城市非常美丽。
4. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.whose father is a doctor.我有一个朋友，他的父亲是医生。
高考英语语法之从句讲义：定语从句精讲
高考英语语法之从句讲义：定语从句精讲充当定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词(the antecedent).定语从句由关系代词: who, whom, which, 关系形容词whose 和关系副词when, where, why引导，关系词除了起连接从句和名词的作用外，还作从句的句子成分。
1.限制性定语从句Who的先行词是人，作定语从句的主语：This is the man who will give us a talk tomorrow.Whom的先行词是人，作定语从句的宾语：This is the man whom I talked about the other day.Which 的先行词是物，作从句的主语和宾语Here is a book which may be helpful in you English study.This is the book which I like best.上述例句都可改用that.Whose是个关系形容词，在从句中作定语。
A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.When, where, why 分别作从句的时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
He will never forget the day when the accident took place.This was the room where we studied.Do you know the reason why he was late?2.非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词（许多是专有名词），也可以是整个主句，它对先行词不加限定，只起附加说明作用，如果没有，也不影响句意和语法结构。
非限定性定语从句和先行词书写时有逗号断开。
Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.She was late again, which was annoying.区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句很重要。
语法专项复习定语从句.
that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.
考点二：连接词which的用法
Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整 个主句或主句的某一部分。
e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, __ B ____ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that
②as引导非限制性定语从句。as在从句中作主语、 表语或宾语，这个定语从句是说明整个句子， 它可以放在主句之前。
四、关系代词 which和as 在定语从句中的区别：
which-从句不能放在句首，而as-从句则能；在句中 时， as 有“正如”、“就象”之意，而 which 则 没有 。
eg：
I like the same book as you do .(as作宾语) I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作状语) I want to have such a dictionary as he has. （as作宾语）
I happened to get thiatt in the bookstore yesterday. ④将关系词移至该句句首。－－成为从句。 ⑤把从句放在先行词之后。－－完成。
The book is very interesting. (that) I happened to get in the bookstore yesterday
e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______D______ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of ____D____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which
高中英语语法复习——定语从句(共45张ppt)
2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或 者代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常 置于它所修饰的成分之后。
eg: The boy who is playing basketball is my younger brother.
3、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词就叫关系 词。
A. 把从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在 一起．
2. I think the day will finally come______ air pollution can be put under control. A. that B. which C. when D. as
3. This is the store______ we visited the famous shop assistant. A. where B. there C. that D. which
结构分析： 系词所指代的先行词在句中作 know的宾语。
4. I don’t like the way _____ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. all A, B and C
特别注意!（5）
在实践中会遇到很多形似定语从句的句子，要 注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别, 能够正确区分使用它们.
couldn’t be found.
A. that
B.where C. in which D. in that
The places couldn’t be found.可知关 系词所指代的先行词在句中作主语。
结构分析：
3. This is the reason ______ he has always been eager to know for these years. A. which B. why C. for which D. because He has always been eager to know the reason for these years.可知关
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︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点五 as,which引导的定语从句 1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的句
子可放在句首、句末或句中。 As everybody knows,China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时,意为“这,这一点”。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. 莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成 现实。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
Beijing is the place where(=in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why(=for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝 邀请的原因不清楚。 What’s that which was put in the car? 被放入车内的是什么?
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的处境中对他们是有帮助的。 3.关系副词why引导的定语从句 关系副词why引导定语从句时,修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作原 因状语,可用for which代替,有时也可以省略。如: The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
定语从句
语法专项·精讲 跟踪训练·运用
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
语法专项·精讲
考点一 关系词的用法
关系词
who whom whose that which
被修饰的先行词
指人的词 指人的词 指人或物的词 指人或物的词 指物的词或整个主句
细筛选·巧拓展
关系词在从句 中充当的成分
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。 as(it) often happens,as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected,as is known to us,as is shown等。 He shouts when he gets angry,as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫,这是常有的情形。
other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I’m going to send postcards.我有很多朋
友,我打算寄明信片给他们。
︱高中ho are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。 This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。 As we know,smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知,吸烟有害健康。 There are occasions when(=on which)one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点六 定语从句中的主谓一致 1.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致,
先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 给我的那台录音机是国产的。 2.“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时,关系代词在从句中作主语, 从句的谓语动词常用复数,但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时,从 句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress. 他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
5.“the same...that...”表同一个人或物,而“the same...as...”表同种 类的东西。 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。 I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你 昨天使用的那件工具。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
2.关系副词where引导的定语从句 (1)先行词是表示地点的名词时,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常 用关系副词where,where在从句中充当地点状语。 Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.简停留在一个柜台前,一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。 (2)有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词,像activity,business,career, case,job,point,position,race,stage,situation等,当从句中缺少状语 时,用关系副词where。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
的情况 先行词被the very,the only等修饰时
当主句中的先行词是疑问词who或which时
先行词既有人也有物时
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
只用which 不用that
的情况
非限制性定语从句中 关系代词前有介词时 先行词是that或those时
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点三 关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句 1.关系副词when引导的定语从句
先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系 副词when,when在从句中充当时间状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。 The film brought the hours back to me,when I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 这部电影把我带回到在那个偏僻的村子我被细心照顾的岁月。 The book was written in 1946,since when the education system has witnessed great changes.这本书写于1946年。自那时以来,教育制度已经 历了巨大的变化。
考点二 关系代词that和which的区别
类别
说明
先行词是everything,anything,nothing,few,little,all, none等不定代词或被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修 饰时
只用that 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数 不用which 词、形容词最高级时
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点四 “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句 1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;
②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2.表示“整体和部分关系”,介词常用of。在some,any,few,none, all, both, neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are the family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
3.有时“介词+where”可以引导定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定 语从句从意思上加以区别。 His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来, 从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。 (from where相当于from out of the window,而不是from the window)