The Middle Eastern nation of Yemen isn
CNN新闻听力练习
CNN 100CNN News Item 1The U.S. government closes its embassy in the Middle Eastern country of Yemen, and that is because ofsecurity concerns. One official says that a group called al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula might be planningan attack against the facility. That same group said it was behind an attempted plot to set off an explosiveonboard a plane heading to Detroit, Michigan. That took place on Christmas day. The suspect allegedlybrought the explosives on the plane in his underwear. The plan failed when the device he tried to use didn’tdetonate correctly. Some people have asked how the suspect made it past security. One U.S. official says it’sbecause of human error. President Obama has promised that everyone involved in the attack will be heldaccountable for it. But some critics argue that the president’s response to the situation hasn’t been fastenough, hasn’t been aggressive enough.CNN News Item 2It’s back to work for Indian government oil workers after a three-day strike that crippled Indian commerce. Some 45,000 oil workers walked off the job after the government refused their demands forhigher pay. The labor standoff ended after days of intense government pressure, including threats of job lossand even arrest to strikers. Meantime, talks with a second group of nationwide strikers may soon beunderway. The Indo-Asian News-Service says India’s transport minister is ready to discuss demands fromtruckers. Many across India have parked their rigs, calling for reduction in diesel and tyre prices.CNN News Item 3Lawmakers in Nebraska have approved a big change to the state’s controversial safe haven law. Underthe new measure, children older than 30 days can not be dropped off at state hospitals. 35 children, many ofthem, preteens or even teenagers, have been abandoned in hospitals since the original law took effect in July.State lawmakers say it was intended to prevent newborns from being dumped in trash bins or even worse.The new law is expected to go into effect at midnight.CNN News Item 4The nation of Iran marking a milestone later on this week. On Thursday, the country will celebrate theanniversary of when it became an Islamic republic. This goes back to 1979, when supporters of the AyatollahKhomeini, a religious leader, overthrew the country’s government. Khomeini became the supreme leader ofIran, and the nation officially became an Islamic state. The United States and the European Union areworried about potential violence during Thursday’s celebrations. U.S. and European Union are urging theMiddle Eastern nation to “end its abuses against its own people.” Iranian leaders have deniedanyaccusations that the government has abused citizens.CNN News Item 5Iraqis put democracy into action today in elections held across the country. The polls have closed and avote-counting has begun. Voters went to 6,000 polling stations to pick from among 14,000 candidatesincluding 4,000 women. Security is very tight though, voters were searched before they entered the polls.2The borders with Iran and Syria were sealed and a curfew has been put into place. Now even the UnitedNations was involved in monitoring those elections.CNN News Item 6Iranian media reports former President Mohammad Khatami has announced he will run in the Junepresidential elections. Today’s announcement ends weeks of speculation. Khatami is considered a reformistand overwhelmingly won the presidency in 1997 but he couldn’t bring about religious and democraticfreedoms because of strong opposition from the country’s religious establishment. Khatami was succeededby current President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad four years ago.CNN News Item 7Meanwhile U.S. President Barack Obama is taking crisis talks to an international level. British PrimeMinister Gordon Brown is traveling to the United States on Monday to push for global solutions to theeconomic crisis. He will be the first E.U. leader to meet the new president in Washington and Mr. Obamawill meet the remaining E.U. leaders at a special summit in Prague in April. That will be his first trip toEurope since taking office. Also on that trip, the G20 summit on the economic crisis and a NATO meeting.CNN News Item 8Strike is off, the judge says plans for a walkout by a British Airway’s Cabin Crew cannot happen. As wereported yesterday, this strike which would have last through the holidays could have effected a millionpassengers’ holiday travel plans. But the judge has blocked it from happening. Now the airline says it hopesthe Cabin Crews Labor Union would take some time to think about its next steps. The union representativessay this dispute is not over and unless the two sides can come to a solution, they could vote to strike again,but after Christmas.CNN News Item 9Heading overseas to Thailand where grenade attacks in the capital city of Bangkok have killed at leastthree people. A Thai official said the grenades came from an area where people who were protesting thegovernment were gathered together. The protesters say they are not responsible. They have been fightingwith police for a while here you can see them throwing rocks and other things at police. They support thecountry’s former prime minister and they want the current leader to leave office. After these recent attacks,Thailand’s prime minister called an emergency meeting to figure out how to deal with the situation.CNN News Item 10U.S. Supreme Court says that a memorial out in the Mojave Desert does not violate the U.S. Constitution. The memorial is a large cross. It was put up in 1934 to honor fallen soldiers. But it’s located ina national park, and some people argue that it’s a religious symbol that goes against the concept of separationof church and state. The cross was boarded up because of the legal battle. Yesterday’s Supreme Courtdecision was close: 5 to 4. Writing for the majority, Justice Anthony Kennedy said that this cross represents“far more than religion.” But in opposition, Justice John Paul Stevens argued the government can’t lawfullyendorse a religious symbol as a way to pay tribute to veterans.3CNN News Item 11Freed at last after five years in captivity, three Americans held hostage by leftist rebels in Colombia areback on U.S. soil and will be reunited with their families. Marc Gonsalves, Thomas Howes and KeithStansell were among those rescued during an incredible operation yesterday. Columbian secret agents trickedleftist rebels into handing them over without a single shot being fired. The men are now undergoing tests atan army medical center in San Antonio, Texas.CNN News Item 12Health care reform enters a new era in about two hours. President Obama is scheduled to sign that billinto law. Then, he is going to travel around the country to sell the plan to skeptics. But Republicans say thatbattle is on to get ready for legal challenges, nearly a dozen states plan to argue that it’s not constitutional. Asearly as tomorrow, the debate moves to the Senate where lawmakers will consider a companion measure, andRepublicans plan, parliamentary objections that could change that bill and force it back to the House. Now,even before the first votes were cast in the health care debate, Barack Obama’s overall approval ratingdropped to his lowest level ever recorded.CNN News Item 13Members of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives will be meeting this month to put together afinal health care reform bill. The Senate passed its version on Christmas Eve. The House had already passedits bill. But there are some pretty big differences between the two. One of them: cost. The Senate bill checksin at $871 billion. The House version: Over $1 trillion. Another issue: the so-called public option, agovernment-run health insurance program. House bill includes it; Senate bill doesn’t. So, some compromisesneed to be made to come up with a final bill. And since that then has to be approved by both Houses ofCongress, there are some concerns about whether it will pass.CNN News Item 14Another day of international pressure levied against Zimbabwe’s embattled President Robert Mugabe.British officials have announced they are stripping Robert Mugabe’s honorary knighthood title. Nobel Prizewinner Desmond Tutu is also speaking out about the election mess there. He’s urging the nations of theworld to intervene. The calls come after opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai withdrew from the election,citing violence against his party. The Zimbabwean Electoral Commission ruled today that the presidentialelection will go on as planned.CNN News Item 15The Tea Party movement is getting ready for the mid-term elections coming up in November. The grouphas released a list of heroes and targets. The heroes on the list are candidates that the Tea Party plans tosupport in the elections. The targets are anyone that the group would like to see voted out of office. Ofcourse lists are not the only way that the Tea Party gets its message out. Rallies are the group’s bread andbutter. This one in Washington DC yesterday was a wrapping up of a three-week tour across the U.S. Thetiming? No coincidence. Yesterday, of course, was tax day. And the group is opposed to what it sees as thegovernment overspending.4CNN News Item 16Today marks the 30th anniversary of the Iranian hostage crisis. And President Obama said that he wantsto move beyond the past and build a relationship with Iran based on mutual interest and mutual respect.U.S.-Iran relations had been hostile since the day that Islamic students stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehranand held 52 Americans hostage for more than 400 days. Iran’s government holds rally every year to celebratethat event. Today there’s something different though, anti-government protesters are also on the streets. Weare also getting some reports of clashes with those police. No word about any injury yet. CNN News Item 17Senators are considering alternatives to part of their healthcare legislation, specifically, the so-calledpublic option, government-run health insurance program. Senate republicans and some democrats andindependents are against that plan. A group of Democratic Senators was working to come up with some otherideas they could replace the public option. And late last night, they said they had reached an agreement. Ifthe Senate passes its healthcare bill, that does not make it law, would still need to be combined with Healthbill and then that final version would need to pass both the House and the Senate.CNN News Item 18Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger says he refuses to borrow money to keep his state running, he wantslegislators to focus on the state's 24 billion dollar deficit or the state could be forced to cut thousands of jobs,eliminate health care for a million low income children. Meanwhile lawmakers are debating hundreds ofother bills including creating a state blueberry commission. Banning toy cigarette lighters and mandating alarger font size for medical worker name tags.CNN News Item 19Ray LaHood, the head of the U.S. Transportation Department, is weighing in on Toyota’s recall ofmillions of vehicles due to a faulty gas pedal. But what Mr. LaHood is saying might be causing someconfusion. During a hearing on Capitol Hill yesterday, Secretary LaHood said that anyone who owns one ofthe cars affected by the recall should “stop driving it and take it to a dealer.” That scared and frustrated a lotof owners, and later in the day, LaHood corrected himself. Toyota released a statement thanking SecretaryLaHood for clarifying his remarks. They also said, “We want to make sure that our customers understandthat this situation is rare and generally does not occur suddenly. If you experience any issues with youraccelerator pedal, please contact your dealer without delay. If you are not experiencing any issues with yourpedal, we are confident that your vehicle is safe to drive.”CNN News Item 20Toyota says that a glitch in the electronic brakes could cause a delay when you step on the pedal. Theysay it only affects 2010 models sold last year. And it’s those very same cars that are being credited withToyota’s cash cow. New numbers just out say they made $1.7 billion last quarter, but it won’t last for long.For the first time, Toyota is admitting it’s going to take a huge beating due to this gas pedal nightmare. $2billion for repairs and lost sales.5CNN News Item 21AIG is trying to prevent a new wave of backlash over paying out bonuses to its top executives. TheWashington Post reports the company has asked the Obama Administration to approve millions of dollars inpromised bonuses. The payments are scheduled to go out next week. AIG doesn’t actually need approval.Because the payments were linked to contracts from last year before received aid from the federal bailoutfunds. But the Post reports executives still are reluctant to pay without official approval. An earlier round of2008 AIG employee bonuses drew widespread criticism earlier this year.CNN News Item 22The raw politics of health is heating up in the Senate. Just before air last night, Senate Majority LeaderHarry Reid announced a group of 10 liberal and conservative Democrats had reached a deal to replace thehotly debated public option with a package of alternatives. Senator Reid offered few details. But today,President Obama praised the emerging compromise. Now, the public plan deal came just hours after theSenate killed a controversial amendment to restrict abortion coverage in its health care bill to ensure that nofederal funds go toward covering any kind of abortion in this new reform. Nebraska Senator Ben Nelson hadintroduced that amendment. He called it a deal-breaker. He’s also one of the 10 senators to hammer out thedeal to drop the public plan.CNN News Item 23Over in Europe, the financial outlook for a few countries isn’t looking too good. The investment ratingsfor Spain, Portugal and Greece all went down this week. Greece might be the worst situation. Experts areusing the word “junk” to describe that nation’s investment rating. Basically, they’re saying that it’s very riskyto put your money there. Greece has a massive debt, nearly $400 billion. That’s bigger than the country’seconomy. Greece is developing ways to cut spending, but Greek workers aren’t too happy about some ofthose plans, and they’ve been protesting about it. Greece is also asking for financial help from the EuropeanUnion: a bailout of more than $50 billion.CNN News Item 24Well moving around to the East of Asia now, Southeast of Asia, a gloomy forecast out of Singapore.The government says its economy will likely shrink by between 6 and 9% this year. The announcementcomes as the city-state’s first quarter GDP fell almost 12% from the, from a year ago. In seasonally adjustedterms it was even more brutal than that actually. Singapore is reducing its output for the third time this year,as demand for its exports continues to fall amidst a worsening financial crisis. It previously predicted just a5% contraction for the full year.CNN News Item 25The Treasury says the country’s largest banks will start receiving 125-billion dollars this week. Beginning the biggest government bailout in history, the money is being sent to 9 major financial institutionsincluding Bank of America, Citigroup and JP Morgan chase. The government is also in talks with a group ofmore than a dozen regional banks about sharing part of an additional 125-billion dollars. Treasury SecretaryHenry Paulson says 250 of the 700-billion-dollar bailout package will be spent by the end of the year.6CNN News Item 26In the United States, President Obama is scheduled to sit down today with the heads of some of thecountry’s biggest banks to talk about small businesses, ones that have 500 or fewer employees. Many ofthem are having a hard time getting loans from banks. But banks argue that the policies put in place becauseof this financial crisis have affected how they can offer the loans.CNN News Item 27Goldman Sachs surprised investors on Monday with an early release of its quarterly profits, which wereway better than analysts had expected, twice as good, in terms of earnings per share. Now profits for the first3 months of the year came into a total of $1.81 billion. Goldman also announced plans for a $5 billion sharesale to help back its, help pay back rather, its so called TARP loan from the U.S. government. $10 billionunder the troubled assets relief program.CNN News Item 28 7000Lawmakers say they’re close to a deal on the 700-billion-dollar package to rescue the troubled financialsystem. A bipartisan group has been meeting today to hash out differences. Democratic Senator ChuckSchumer, chairman of the joint economic committee, says he hopes to reach a deal by this afternoon. Amongthe details being hammered out, how much the plan will cost? The most common amount being talked aboutis 700-billion dollars; another key point in the negotiations is whether the government will actually become ashareholder in troubled companies. One part of the plan that seems certain to become a law will be aprovision to limit executive pay and bonuses at companies that sell assets to the Treasury. CNN News Item 29During a speech yesterday, President Obama offered some ideas on how to create new jobs and help outthe country’s economy. Offering tax breaks to small businesses, expanding some of the government’sstimulus programs, and spending more money on infrastructure projects things like roads, bridges and watersystems. The thing is, all of that costs money and that’s where the TARP comes in. That’s the Troubled AssetRelief Program, the financial industry bailout passed last year. The bailout ended up not costing as much asexpected and President Obama thinks the extra could be used to help out in other ways. CNN News Item 30OPEC is going ahead with another oil production cut. OPEC has agreed to cut production by 2.2million barrels a day. U.S. crude for January delivery dropped to just over 42 dollars a barrel after theannouncement. Crude oil prices have dropped nearly 70% since July. OPEC cut production in Septemberand October, but those cuts didn’t have much impact on prices.CNN News Item 31Chrysler and Italian automaker Fiat has signed off on a deal brokered by Uncle Sam to become what’sknown as Chrysler Group. Fiat will initially take a 20 percent stake. It can’t take a majority stake until thenew Chrysler pays back the 15.5 billion dollars it took from the Treasury Department. The UAW holds a 55percent stake, leaving an 8 percent stake for the U.S., 2 percent for Canada. The Supreme Court cleared theway for the deal yesterday, after delaying the sale pending review of a case brought by Indiana state pension7funds.CNN News Item 32Major concerns now about the U.S. auto industry, these numbers are just out, and Toyota finallyovertook GM as the world’s biggest automaker in terms of sales for all of last year. That’s a title GM hasheld for nearly eight decades. Even worse than that, a GM executive warns the company will run out of cashby March 31st if it doesn’t get that second installment of government funds soon. GM is supposed to get thefive-billion installment within a matter of days.CNN News Item 33Some new developments in the Wall Street investment fraud case, the bail hearing for Bernard Madoffhas been canceled for today, meaning he will remain free for the time being. Meantime, the head of theSecurities and Exchange Commission is criticizing his own agency for failing to spot the investment schemeby former NASDAQ Chairman Bernard Madoff. SEC Chairman Christopher Cox says there were manyinstances over a decade that should have been flagged.CNN News Item 34 CEOCEOs from Ford, Chrysler and General Motors are making their case for a 25-billion-dollar emergencyloan. They want Congress to tap into the 700-billion-dollar Wall Street bailout approved last month. ManyRepublican critics point to financial mismanagement at the Big Three and argue the companies don’t deserveany help. Most Democrats disagree, saying the auto industry is too important to the overall economy to fail.CNN News Item 35China is where U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner was yesterday. During a week-long trip toAsia that he is taking, Secretary Geithner stopped over in Beijing and meet with his Chinese counterpart.One issue they were expected to talk about was the value of the yuan; that’s China’s currency. Some U.S.officials claim that China is undervaluing the yuan; they’re accusing China of saying that the yuan is worthless than what it should be. China denies that. This matters because the yuan and the dollar are connected.And if the value of the yuan is down, it could encourage people to spend more on Chinese products than onAmerican ones.CNN News Item 36 7870The battle over the 787-billion-dollar stimulus bill officially ends after President’s Day. PresidentObama says he will sign the bill into law in Denver On Tuesday. He is calling the measure “a majormilestone in the recovery of the U.S. economy.” Administration officials say the President wants to get awayfrom the politics of Washington and sign the bill in an area hit hard by the recession. They say Denver is aplace that will see the bill’s benefits in hiring workers.CNN News Item 37One of the FBI’s most wanted terrorists is dead. Imad Mougniyeh was killed in an explosion in Syriathis morning. Mougniyeh was a top Hezbollah commander. He was blamed for severalhigh-profile terroristacts that left hundreds of Americans and Israelis dead, including the 17-day hijacking of a TWA Flight in81985. He was also suspected of masterminding the attacks on the U.S. embassy and Marine barracks inLebanon that killed more than 260 Americans in 1983.CNN News Item 38Moving from Thailand to the Persian Gulf now, where Iran is running a massive military drill expectedto last three days. An Iranian official says the goal is to show off the country’s military strength. It mightlook like a real battle what you are seeing here is just practice. U.S. Navy says Iran has done this sort ofthing in the past. This one is getting more attention because Iran talked about it ahead of time. CNN News Item 39No commitment by President-elect Barack Obama on a missile defense program in Eastern Europe.That’s according to a senior Obama advisor. The statement comes after claims on the Polish president’swebsite — The two had a call on the matter and that Obama said he intended to continue the program.Obama’s senior foreign policy advisor denied that claim. He said Obama talked with the Polish presidentabout continuing military and political cooperation and possibly meeting in person some time soon.CNN News Item 40Congress considers a new bill that would make some soldiers eligible for the Purple Heart. Representative John Carter introduced the new legislation yesterday. The Fort Hood army post is located inhis home district in Texas. This bill is focused on the victims of the recent shooting there. The Purple Heartfirst created in 1782 is given to any U.S. service member who is wounded and killed while serving in actionagainst an enemy or in a terrorist attack. Representative Carter says the Fort Hood victims deserved thePurple Heart because he considers the shooting to be an enemy attack.CNN News Item 41The U.S. government says it will stop making new, nuclear weapons, and it’s reconsidering what to dowith the weapons that already exist. The announcement came yesterday, two days before President Obama isscheduled to sign a treaty with Russia that would reduce how many nuclear weapons both countries have. Italso comes one week before he hosts a global meeting on nuclear security. More than 40 countries areexpected to attend that. But back to yesterday’s announcement. This new policy would stop production ofnuclear weapons. It would also invest about $5 billion in extending the life of weapons that already exist.Seven countries are officially recognized as nuclear powers, meaning they have nuclear weapons. But thereare other countries that are suspected of trying to make them. U.S. officials hope this change from Americawill encourage other countries all countries to help control the spread of nuclear weapons. U.S. haspromised not to use its own nukes against anyone who does that. But as Defense Secretary Robert Gatespointed out, that doesn’t mean retaliation is out of the question in every situation.CNN News Item 42Gaza is facing its worst humanitarian crisis in more than 40 years. A new report by aid agencies andhumanitarian groups says things haven’t been this dismal since Israel’s 1967 occupation. It says the Israeliblockade has left more than one million Palestinians isolated, dealing with poverty, dealing withunemployment, with little access to education and healthcare services. It found water and sewage systems9are on the verge of collapse. Israel blames the hardships on Hamas militants who keep firing rockets intoIsrael.CNN News Item 43We are getting things started with START. It stands for Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. It’s anagreement between the United States and Russia for both countries to reduce the number of nuclear weaponsthey have. President Obama also says it’s part of the effort to “reset” the relationship between the twocountries. Yesterday, he and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev got together in the Czech Republic to signoff on START. The agreement cuts the number of nuclear weapons that the U.S. and Russia have by about athird. The White House is scheduled to hold a meeting on nuclear security next week. It’s something thatPresident Obama says affects the entire world.CNN News Item 44Just how far will Iran push the international community this weekend? Well today, it reportedly testedtwo types of short-range missiles and a launching system. Iran’s military freely admitted it was showing offits defense capabilities. And it planned to keep up the missile exercises for 10 or 11 more days. In other news,the show-off force does come just days after words that Iran is building a second uranium enrichment plant.These satellite images supposedly show the location by the city of Qom. The U.S. and its allies quicklycondemned this project. And Tehran says it’s just a civilian energy program, but U.S. official believed it wasa cover for developing nuclear weapons. The Iranian say they will allow international inspectors into theplants.CNN News Item 45There is no letup of Israel’s assault on Gaza and Hamas’s rocket attacks into Israel. The fighting hasentered a third week with mounting casualties on both sides. Israel says Hamas commander in charge oflaunching rockets into Israel from Gaza City was killed by ground fire. Also during athree-hour lull todayIsrael dropped leaflets warning residence to evacuate their homes. An United Stations spokesman says thepausing fighting was not longer enough to resume aid deliveries into Gaza. The humanitarian situation thereis described as desperate and Palestinian medical sources say at least 800 people have been killed in Gazasince Israeli offensive began. 13 Israelies including 10 soldiers have also died.CNN News Item 46A holy day in Iran marked by violence as protesters clashed with police forces about a week ago.Demonstrators have spoken out against the country’s government for months now, but the clashes on theMuslim holy day of Ashura were the worst so far. At least seven people killed in the violence, thoughprotesters and security forces disagree on how those deaths happened. Meantime, Iran’s government says it’sgetting ready to hold a “large-scale military exercise” next month. The country says the goal is to prepare itsforces to fight against an attack by the nation’s enemies. There’s been a lot of tension based around Iran’snuclear program. The country says the program is for peaceful purposes. Other countries, including the U.S.,believe Iran might be trying to build nuclear weapons.10CNN News Item 47 25Officials there are trying to figure out what caused the worst U.S. mining disaster in 25 years. Ithappened Monday afternoon at the Upper Big Branch South Mine: a massive blast inside the coal mine thatkilled at least 25 people, left 4 others trapped. Rescue workers are trying to drill their way into the mine, butthey need to get 1,200 feet down inside of it, and that could take a while. Not only is the process slow, it’s。
中东英文-
中东英文The Middle East is a region that encompasses countries in Western Asia and North Africa. It is a complex and diverse region with a long and rich history. This region is known for its political, cultural, economic and religious significance, making it a crucial part of global affairs. In this essay, we will explore some of the key aspects of the Middle East, including its geography, history, culture, religion, and politics.Geography:The Middle East is made up of a diverse range of landscapes, from deserts, mountains, and coastlines. It stretches from Morocco in the west to Iran in the east, and from Turkey in the north to Yemen in the south. The region is located at the intersection of Europe, Africa, and Asia, making it a strategic point for trade and commerce throughout history. This is due to the presence of important waterways and ports that have facilitated trade between different regions. Examples of these include the Suez Canal, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf.History:The Middle East has a long and rich history that dates back thousands of years. It has been home to some of the most influential civilizations in human history. These have included the ancient Egyptians, the Babylonians, the Persians, and the Arabs. The region has also been shaped by a series of conflicts and territorial disputes, including the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Gulf War, and the ongoing conflict in Syria. The region has also been influenced bycolonialism and imperialism, with European powers like France and Britain exerting their control during the 19th and early 20th centuries.Culture:The Middle East is known for its diverse and vibrant cultural heritage. It is home to a variety of languages, religions, and traditions, which have shaped its unique identity. One of the most prominent aspects of Middle Eastern culture is its cuisine, which is known for its rich flavors and spices. Examples of popular Middle Eastern dishes include falafel, hummus, and kebabs. The region is also known for its music, dance, and theater traditions, which have been influenced by ancient and modern times. Art and literature also play a key role in Middle Eastern culture, with figures such as Rumi, Khalil Gibran, and Naguib Mahfouz gaining international recognition.Religion:Religion plays a central role in the Middle East, with the region being home to some of the world's major religions, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Islam is the largest religion in the region, with roughly 90% of the population being Muslim. Christianity is the second-largest religion, with significant Christian communities in countries like Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria. The region is also home to a significant Jewish population, with Israel being the only country in the world with a majority-Jewish population.Politics:The Middle East has been shaped by a series of political conflicts and crises, with regional powers vying for control and influence. One of the mostsignificant ongoing conflicts in the region is the Arab-Israeli conflict, which has its roots in the early 20th century. This conflict continues to shape regional politics and has led to several wars and diplomatic initiatives. The region is also marked by tensions between Sunni and Shia Muslims, with conflicts like the one in Iraq being fueled by sectarian divisions. The ongoing civil war in Syria has been one of the most significant political crises in the region in recent years, with multiple parties involved in the conflict. Additionally, the region is an important exporter of oil and gas, and the control of energy resources has played a central role in its politics and international relations.Conclusion:In conclusion, the Middle East is a complex and diverse region with a rich and varied heritage. It has been shaped by a series of conflicts, crises, and cultural exchanges over thousands of years. Despite these challenges, the region continues to play a significant role in global affairs, with its economic, political, and cultural influence extending well beyond its borders. As we navigate the challenges of the 21st century, it is clear that the Middle East remains a crucial region for understanding and engagement.。
The Middle Eastern Bazaar 课文详解
The Middle Eastern BazaarDetailed Study of the Textba‧zaa r[countable]a market or area where there are a lot of small shops, especially in India or the Middle East1.Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa, includingthe Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near East:the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia 2. particular: special, single and different from others. When sth. is particular, we mean it is the single or an example of the whole under consideration. the term is clearly opposed to general and that it is a close synonym of "single".Particular is also often used in the sense of special.I have sth. very particular (special) to say to Mr. Clinton.She always took particular (special) notice of me.On this particular (single) day we had to be at school early.I don't like this particular (single) hat, but the others are quite nice.3. Gothic-arched:a type of architectureGothic Arched Entry DoorsGoth: one of the German tribesArch: a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on 2 supports as above a door.aged: a. [d d]My son is aged 10.When he was aged 6, he went to school.a middle aged coupleb. [d id] ancientHe is aged; her aged grandfathermedicare for the sick & agedgate‧wa y1 [countable] the opening in a fence, wall etc that can be closed by a gate2 gateway to somethinga) a place, especially a city, that you can go through in order to reach another much bigger place:/St. Louis is the gateway to the West.4. glare: shining intensely, harshly, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes5. cavern: a large deep cave (hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground), closed roofed place. Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street or workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.6. losing itself in the shadowy distance: in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, or only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.lose: come to be withoutshadow: greater darkness where direct light, esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.; a dark shapeshadowy: hard to see or know about clearly, not distinct, dimHere shadowy suggests the changing of having and not having light, the shifting of lightness and darkness. There may be some spots of brightness in the dark.7. harmonious:harmony: musical notes combined together in a pleasant sounding way tinkle: to make light metallic soundcf:jingle: light tinkling soundThe rain tinkled on the metal roof.She laughed heartily, a sound as cool as ice tinkling in the glass.to tinkle coins together8. throng: large crowd of people or things, a crowd of people busy doing sth. searching up and down, engaging in some kind of activity cf: crowd:general term, large number of people together, but without order or organization.Crowd basically implies a close gathering and pressing together.The boulevard was crammed with gay, laughing crowds.Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss. Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication of movement and of pushing and the weaker implication of density. Throngs circulating through the streets.The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.9. thread: make one's way carefully, implies zigzag, roundabouts The river threads between the mountains.10. roadway:a. central part used by wheeled traffic, the middle part of a road where vehicles driveb. a strip of land over which a road passes11. narrow:In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.The river narrows at this point.They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.She looked far into the shadowy distance, her eyes narrowed, a hand on the eyebrows to prevent the glare.The aircraft carrier was too big to pass through the narrows (narrow passage between two large stretches of water).12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often can be put together and taken away, on which wares are set up for sale.13. din: specific word of noise, loud, confused, continuous noise, low roar which can not be distinguished exactly until you get close, often suggests unpleasant. disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds, stress prolonged, deafening, ear-splitting metallic soundsThe children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard. They kicked up such a din at the party.The din stopped when the curtain was raised.the din of the cheerful crowd14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.to advertise / hawk / peddle one's waresGoods: articles for sale, possessions that can be moved or carried by train, road; not house, land,There is a variety of goods in the shops.goods train / freight train, canned goods, half-finished goods, clearance goods, textile goods, high-quality goodsware: (lit.) articles for sale, usu. not in a shopThe silversmith showed us his wares.The baker travelled round the town selling his wares.kitchenware, tableware, hardware, softwareearthenware, tinware, ironware, silverwarecommodity: an article of trade or commerce, esp. a farm or mineral product Wheat is a valuable commodity.Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.a commodity fairmerchandise: (U.) things for sale, a general term for all the specific goods or wares.The store has the best merchandise in town.We call these goods merchandise.15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player16. purchase (fml. or tech.) to buyYou buy some eggs, but purchase a house.17. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusedIf you suffer from anaemia, you often feel dizzy.Every night, when my head touches the pillows, I felt a wave of dizziness.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or through. The word suggests force, a compelling power to make entrance and also resistance in the medium.The bullet can penetrate a wall.The scud missile can penetrate a concrete works of 1 metre thick.Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my house.20. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearingThe farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible.Colour cloth often fades when it is washed.The light faded as the sun went down.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The noise of the airplane faded away.21. mute:adj.a. silent, without speechThe boy has been mute since birth.b. not pronounced:The word "debt" contains a mute letter.noun:a. a person who cannot speakThe boy was born a deaf mute.( has healthy speech organs but never has heard speech sounds, can be trained to speak){cf: He is deaf and dumb (unable to speak).}b. an object that makes a musical instrument give softer sound when placed against the strings or in the stream of airverb: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usualto mute a musical instrumentHere in the text the word "muted" is used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness. The path becomes flat due to the treading of countless people through thousands of years. We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.23. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightnessto deaden the painTwo of these pills will deaden the ache.24. measured: steady, careful, slow, suggesting lack of speed, paying attention to what to say25. overwhelm:overcome, control completely and usu. suddenlyThe enemy were overwhelmed by superior forces.Sorrow overwhelmed the family.She was overwhelmed with griefThey won an overwhelming victory / majority.26. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismal sepulchre / er : old and bibl. use, a burial place; a tomb, esp. one cut in rock or built of stone27. follow suit: to do the same as one else has, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits (in poker, there two red suits, and two black suits. They are hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs, jokers, aces, kings, queens and jacks (knaves).When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.28. peculiarity: a distinguishing characteristic, special feature, suggesting difference from normal or usual, strangeness. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same colour.The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.The peculiarity of her behaviour puzzled everyone.29. deal in: sell and buy, trade inThis merchant deals in silk goods.Most foreign trading companies in West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.30. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwingThe frightened people scattered about in all directions.One of the special features / characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same trade always gather together in the same place to do their business.31. knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network. Here, to unite or join closely32. guild / gild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another and to make rules for training new members33. persecution: cruel treatmentpersecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefsThe first immigrants came to American mainly because they wanted to avoid religious persecution / after being persecuted for their religious beliefs.be persecuted by sb. for sth.bloody / terrible /relentless persecutionsuffer from / be subjected to political / religious persecution34. line: form rows along35. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface.36. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of thingsIf sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of peopleConfusion became the order of the day in the Iraqi headquarters due to the electronic interference from the Allied forces. Learning from Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu has become the order of the day recently.Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now.During that period, the Gulf War became the order of the day.37. veil: covering of fine net or other material to protect or hide a woman's face38. leisure: time free from work, having plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do sth.39. pace: rate or speed in walking, marching, running or developing40. preliminary: coming before sth. introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatoryThere were several preliminary meetings before the general assembly.A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.41. beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a priceThe man asked $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to $4.50.42. a point of honour: sth. considered important for one's self-respectIt's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.In our country, it is a point of honour with a boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl / when he dines a girl; but on the other hand, a western girl would regard it a point of honour (with her) to pay the bill herself.43. make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.I always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party.The rush-hour commute to my job is often nerve-racking, so I make it a point to be a careful and considerate motorist.Some American people make it a point of conscience to have no social distinctions between whites and blacks.44. what it is: used to stressWhat is it she really likes?What is it you do?What is it you really want?45. protest: to express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairnessHere: insist firmly, a firming strongly46. deprive of: take away from, prevent from usingto deprive sb. of political rights / of his power / civil rightsThe misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.47. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some good purpose or beliefThe ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in a battle. (infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or valueI need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the price of) my car.48. regard: regard, respect, esteem, admire and their corresponding nouns are comparable when they mean a feeling for sb. or sth.Regard is the most colourless as well as the most formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaningI hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.It is proper to use respect from junior to senior or inferior to superior. It also implies a considered and carefulevaluation or estimation. Sometimes it suggests recognition of sth. as sacred.He respected their views even though he could not agree with them.to have respect for one's privacy, rights...Esteem implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation. Einstein's theory of relativity won for his universal esteem.Admiration and Admire, like esteem, imply a recognition of superiority, but they usually connote more enthusiastic appreciation, and sometimes suggest genuine affection. Sometimes the words stress the personal attractiveness of the object of admiration, and weaken the implication of esteem.I have long felt the deepest esteem for you, and your present courageous attitude has added admiration to esteem.regard:to regard sb's wishes / advice / what... (but not sb.)respect:to respect sb.to respect sb.'s courage / opinion /esteem:to esteem sb.to esteem sb. for his honesty / courageadmire:to admire sb.to admire the flowers / sb.' poem49. the customer coming and going at intervals.A customer buys things from a shop; a client get services from a lawyer, a bank or a hairdresser; One who get medical services is a patient and a guest is served in a hotel.at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of timeTrains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.50. picturesque: charming or interesting enough to be made into a picture, striking, vivid51. -smith: a worker in metal, a makercopper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith52. clash: a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collisionswords clashThe dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noiseThe door banged open / shut.He banged the window shut.53. impinge on (upon): to strike or dash esp. with a sharp collisionI heard the rain impinge upon the earth.The strong light impinge on his eyes.The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.to have effect onThe need to see that justice is done impinges on every decision made in the courts.54. distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. plane, noticeable, and distinguishable to the eye or ear or mindAnything clearly noticed is distinctThere is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct fromBeer has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of wine.55. round:Please round your lips to say "oo".Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.The ship rounded the cape / the tip of the peninsula.56. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, polish by friction, make smooth and shiny57. brazier: open metal framework like a basket, usu. on leg, for holding a charcoal or coal fire (see picture in ALD)58. youth: often derog. a young person, esp. a young malea group of youthsthe friends of my youthcollective noun: the youth (young men and women) of the nation59. incredible: This word comes from credit, which means belief, trust, and faithcredit cardWe place full credit in the government's ability.We gave credit to his story.credible: deserving or worthy of belief, trustworthyIs the witness's story credible?After this latest affair he hardly seems credible as a politician.incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable60. hammer away at:away: continuously, constantlySo little Hans worked away in his garden.He was laughing (grumbling) away all afternoon.61. vessel:a. usu. round container, such as a glass, pot, bottle, bucket or barrel, used for holding liquidsb. (fml) a ship or large boatc. a tube that carries blood or other liquid through the body, or plant juice through a plant: blood vessel62. bellows: an instrument for blowing air into a fire to make it burn quickly63. the red of the live...The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the coal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.64. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smokeWhen you draws a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip glows.65. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns66. stroke: single movement, which is repeated (esp. in a sport or game) She can't swim but has made a few strokes with her arms.67. engrave: to cut (words, pictures, etc.) on wood, stone, or metalThe terrible memory was engraved on his mind.cf.: carve: to cut (usu. wood or stone) in order to make a special shape68. delicate: finely made, needing careful handling, easily broken or hurt, delightful. The word stresses fineness, subtlety and fragility rather than smallness. It implies an appeal not only to the eye but also to any of the senses or spirit.as delicate as silk / the delicate skin of a young girlDo you see the delicate workmanship on the bronze doors?delicate feelingsn. delicacy69. intricate: containing many detailed parts and thus difficult tounderstand.Here: a specific word meaning the designs are of interwinding or interlacing parts. Just because of these, it is hard to follow.70. functional: completely and exactly of practical use. Not ornamental not with many decoration71. profuse: plenty, great or too great amount, abundanceto make promises in profusionSeldom have seen food and drink served in such profusion.72. rich: (of colour) deep, strong, beautiful73. texture: the arrangement of the threads in a textile fabric / in any material made by weaving, the way n which the threads of a cloth have been wovena carpet of loose / firm / uneven texture74. bold: clearly formed, strongly formedwords printed in bold type / printed in bold lettersMay I make so bold as to ask your name, sir?He was bold enough to say that he was a strictly honest man.75. pungent: (often neg.) having a strong, sharp, stinging, burning taste or smell that may or may not seem unpleasant Onions, garlic and Chinese prickly ash give out pungent smell. (An onion a day keeps everybodyaway.)76. exotic: (always positive, sth pleasing) not native to the place where found, alien, strikingly or excitingly different or unusual, out of ordinary, introduced from another country Kebab gives exotic smell.77. sumptuous: costly, rich, suggesting lavish expenditure, showing great value, generosity, grand.A sumptuous meal was served to the visiting guests.The king wore sumptuous robes.A sumptuous meal / flat / etc. is one on which a great deal of money has been spent.78. humble: (of people) low in rank or position(of things) poor, meanYour humble servant (very fml letter ending)humble pie: submission, obedience, apology made under pressureA boy with a stepfather has to eat humble pie.Tom told a lie about George, and when he was found out, he had to eat humble pie.79. pottery: earthenware80. maze: a confusing intricate network of passages,as set of twisted passages which is very difficult to pass through81. honeycomb: a container made of beeswax and consisting of 6-sided cells in which honey is storedto fill with holes, tunnels, hollow passages like honeycombThe streets that pierce the bazaar from all directio sections ns and lead towards all directions cut the bazaar into small like a honeycomb.82. glimpse: a quick, incomplete look or view of sth. out of the corner of one's eyeglance: It may denote sth. which is seen as a sudden flash, or the presence or movement of sth. which is recognized by a swift sudden flash.throw / steal / take a glance at...glimpse: It also may apply to sth. seen as a flash. But more commonly it implies a brief view of a thing, or even more often, so much of it as may be taken in at a glanceget a glimpse of glance: vi.glance at ...glance about / around / round / backglance up / down the list of namesglance over one' shoulderglimpse: vt.glimpse the field / her among the crowd83. mosque: Moslem temple or place of worship (where there are wells, fountain, space for assemble, a niche showing the direction of Mecca, the birthplace of Mohammedan inn84.caravanserai: surrounding a court in eastern countries where caravans rest at nightcaravan: a company oftravellers on a journey through desert of hostile regions85.disdainful: scornful, contemptuous, showing lack of respect, regard sb. or sth. as low and worthless Here, arrogant, in a superior manner, suggesting that the camels are all stately, strong, heads holding highcf:Contempt (n.) suggests very strong sense of condemnation of the person as a low rank and undesirableScorn (vt. & n.) implies quick, indignant or profound contemptDisdain (n. & vt.)suggests a visible manifestation of pride and arrogance 86. bale: large bundle of goodscf:A Bundle is a collection of articles bound or rolled together, fastened, tied, held across the middleA Bunch is a collection of things usually of the same sort, fastened closely together in orderly fashion, fastened, held, or growingtogether at one pointa bunch of riceA Bale is a large bundle of goods bound up for storage or transportation and esp. one composed of materials (as rags, hay, straw, cotton or wool) which are closely pressed together so as to form a mass, usu. rectangular, tightly bound with stout cord or wire87. merchandise: (fml) things that you buy, sell or trade with88. huge, vasthuge: rather general term indicating extreme largeness, usu. in size, shape, or capacityA whale or an elephant is a huge animal.The huge rocket towered high above the buildings around it. She spent a huge amount of money on that coat.vast: denotes extreme largeness or broadness, esp. ofextent or rangeThe Sahara is a vast desert. The vast plains of the country spread for hundreds of miles. The camel caravan crossed the vast expanse of the Sahara.A billion dollars is a vast amount of money.89. vast, sombre cavern of a roomsombre: dark-coloured, gloomy, dismal, solemn, very serious atmosphere When sb. dies, there is a sombre mood.She was dressed in sombre black for the funeral.His sombre expression bespeaks the bad news.cavern of a room: appositionWho is to blame but her tyrant of a father.He had to work in the hell of a fertilizer factory.She lives in a palace of a house / a match-box of a house.Before his stood a little shrimp of a fellow.90. revolve: to (cause to) spin round (on a central point), to go around in a circlea revolving door / stage revolver: a pistol containing several shots in a barrel that turns round after each one is firec f: turn, revolve, rotate, spin, and circleTurn is a general, rather colourless word implying movement in circle after circle, or in a single full circle or through an arc of a circlea wheel turning on its axleHe turned to speak to his friend. Revolve may suggest regularcircular motion on an orbit around sth. outside to it.The earth revolves around the sun.Rotate is likely to suggest a circular motion on an interior axis (the imaginary axle)The earth rotates on its axis while it revolves in its orbit. Spin implies rapid sustained, continuous, constant rotation on an inner axis or fast circling around an exterior point A wheel spinning on its axleThe dancer spun on her toes.To spin strands of cotton or wool, etc, is to twist them into thread. Circle basically applies to a movement around in a more or less circular pattern, but it can also be used to convey a lack of straight directness in a winding course.Our plane circled the airport for an hour before landing.The fence circles the yard.91. motive: causing movement. Motive power (a common collocation) provides energy that can be used to operate machineryElectricity is just one form of motive power.92. circular: round, not direct, being shaped like or nearly like a circle93. channel: the bed of a stream of water, narrow passage, passage for liquid94. constantly: unchanged, fixed, continuous, without break, the stress is laid on lack of change, firmness, and steadinesscf:Endless connotes weariness, tediousness and monotony.95. attendant: a person who attends another to perform a service, esp. anemployee; a person who goes with and serves or looks after; a person who is employed to look after and help visitors to a public placea museum / parking lot / library attendant; but a shop assistantcf:Waiter: a person who serves food at the tables in restaurant96. crush: to press with great power so as to break, destroy, the natural shape into power, to break by pounding or grinding Several people were crushed to death as they tried to escape from the burning theatre.The machine crushes wheat grain to make flour.The sugar cane is taken to the factory where the juice is crushed out.The army quickly crushed the uprising.97. pulp: the soft almost liquid mass of plant or animal material, such as the soft inside part of many fruits or vegetable98. extract: to pull or take out, often with difficultyto extract one tooth / a bullet from a woundThe policemen extracted secret information from a criminal.99. superb: perfect in form, quality, etc. wonderful, marked to the highest degree by excellence, brilliance or competence.This word describes sth. that reaches the highest conceivable point.100. muscular: having well-developed muscles, strong, implying great physical strength101. stately: grand in style, noble, dignified; Here implies that the camels walk in a constant, unhurried way with their heads holding high, seemingly dignified.102. ramshackle: of a building or vehicle, badly made or needing repair, shaky, unsteady, likely to go to pieces, as from age or neglect, carelessly or loosely constructed.a ramshackle house a ramshackle bike, which produces a sound at every part except the bell.103. apparatus: a set of machines, instruments, tools, etc. that work together for a particular purpose104: beam: a large long heavy piece of wood, (usu. square)- esp. one of the main ones used to support a building.cf:pole (usu. round)the main bar of a weighing scales105. pulley: an apparatus consisting of a wheel over which a rope or chain can be moved, sued for lifting heavy things106. tower: to be very tall, esp. in relation to the height of the surroundings. The mountain towers into the sky.The monument to the People's Heroes towers aloft on Tian’anmen.The Statue of Liberty towers above the harbour of New York.He towers above his contemporaries.107. dwarf: to cause to appear small by comparison。
Coffee Culture 咖啡文化
引言：关于咖啡的来历，有种说法是因为一场野火，烧毁了一片咖啡林，烧烤咖啡的香味引起周围居民的注意……于是就有了咖啡和咖啡文化。
无论源自何方，流光溢彩的咖啡文化在历史的长河中有着不可取代的魅力"Give me a decaf triple vente, 2 pump vanilla, non-fat, extra hot, stirred, no foam caramel macchiato with whip cream and caramel sauce top and bottom."“给我一杯热的、无咖啡因和泡沫的香草糖浆脱脂加奶油浓缩式焦糖玛奇朵咖啡。
”If you happen to be standing in one of the ubiquitous Starbucks or Coffee Bean chains in the US, chances are pretty good you might hear someone order something like this. The advent of big business coffee powerhouses like Starbucks has transformed coffee-drinking into an extremely popular and profitable industry that is quickly spreading across the globe. Like other successful consumer-oriented businesses with a stranglehold on modern culture (iPod and Google come to mind), big coffeehouse businesses have made their product increasingly user-friendly, highly customizable, and readily accessible to people all around the world.如果你碰巧在随处可见的星巴克或者香啡缤之类的咖啡连锁店附近，你会经常听见有人这样点咖啡。
中东的集市
编号： 01 课时安排： 14 学时 教学课型：理论课√□ 实验课□ 习题课√□ 实践课□ 其它□ 题目（教学章、节或主题） ： Lesson One The Middle Eastern Bazaar 教学目的要求（分掌握、熟悉、了解三个层次） ： To master the vocabulary and expressions To grasp how to paraphrase some difficult sentences To familiarize with words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell To familiarize with and appreciate the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration To comprehend the whole text To understand the structure of the text To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the text 教学内容（注明：* 重点 # 难点 ？疑点） ： Ⅰ Background knowledge 1.1 Middle East Geographical position and countries included – the Middle East generally refers to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula (阿拉伯半岛), Cyprus (塞浦路斯), and Asiatic Turkey. The region consists of Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon (黎巴嫩), Israel, Palestine, Syria (叙利亚), Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Bahrain (巴林), Qatar (卡塔尔), United Arab Emirates (UAE 阿拉伯联合酋长国), Saudi Arabia (沙特阿拉伯), Yemen and Oman (阿曼). (See map) Ancient civilization – It is the site of such ancient civilizations as Phoenicia (腓尼基), Babylon (巴比伦) and Egypt. Religion – The region is also the birthplace of three major religions – Judaism (犹太教), Christianity, and Islam. Since the birth of Islam in the A.D. 600, Islamic powers have dominated the Middle East. More than 90 percent of the people in the Middle East are Muslims/Muslems – followers of Islam. Economics and politics – The Middle East is an area of great economic importance as one of the world’s major oil-producing regions. It is also a scene of much political unrest (动荡) and conflict. Language – The chief language of the Middle East is Arabic. Map (Global-the Middle East-English) from /pub/wanglian/zhd/map/ME_Map.gif Map (Northern Africa and the Middle East-English) from /pub/wanglian/tp/me/n_africa_mid_east_pol_95.jpg Europeans refer to the lands east to them as Near East, Middle East and Far East. Near East: Turkey and North Africa (Western Sahara (西撒哈拉), Morocco (摩洛哥), Algeria (阿尔及利亚), Tunisia (突尼斯), Libya (利比亚), Egypt and Sudan). Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia (西伯利亚). 1.2 Bazaar A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The word perhaps comes from the Persian word bazar. In Xinjiang, we have such markets called “巴扎” (Uigur 维吾尔语,意为集市,农贸市场). (See pictures of bazaar) The bazaar played an important role in society, which demonstrated that the handicraft economy (手工业经 济) was prosperous. People relied on that kind of economy in their daily life. It is a significant contrast to our modern society.
翻译词汇大全
2004人大、政协词汇中英对照翻译全国人民代表大会（简称全国人大）National People's Congress (NPC)全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress全国人民代表大会主席团the NPC Presidium全国人民代表大会常务委员会the NPC Standing Committee全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee九届全国人大五次会议the Fifth Session of the Ninth NPC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会（简称全国政协）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)中国政协委员member of the National Committee of CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC小组讨论panel discussions/group discussions政府工作报告government's work report宪法修正案amendments to the Constitution新闻发布会press conference全体会议plenary meeting弱势群体disadvantaged groups (对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。
--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.)西电东送transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region加快经济结构调整accelerate economic restructuring购买力purchasing power城镇社会保障体系urban social security system下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers离退休人员基本养老金basic pensions for retirees特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits试点项目pilot project抵抗全球经济衰退to combat the global economic slump医疗改革health care reform农村剩余劳动力surplus rural workers年度国家预算annual State budge扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption生计问题bread-and butter issue乡镇企业township enterprises生态建筑ecological constructioncolor words(顏色類中英对照翻译)amber 琥珀色antique violet 古紫色antiquewhite 古董白aqua 浅绿色aquamarine 碧绿色azure 天蓝色baby pink 浅粉红色beige 米色bisque 橘黄色black 黑色blanchedalmond 白杏色blue 蓝色blueviolet 紫罗兰色brown 棕色burlywood 实木色cadetblue 军蓝色camel 驼色charcoal gray 炭灰色chartreuse 黄绿色chocolate 巧克力色cobalt blue 艳蓝色coral 珊瑚色cornflowerblue 菊蓝色cornsilk 米绸色crimson 暗深红色cyan 青色darkblue 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间绿宝石色mediumvioletred 间紫罗兰色midnightblue 中灰蓝色mintcream 薄荷色misty gray 雾灰色mistyrose 浅玫瑰色moccasin 鹿皮色moss green 苔绿色navajowhite 纳瓦白navy 藏青off-white 灰白oldlace 老花色olive 橄榄色olivedrab 深绿褐色orange 橙色orangered 橙红色orchid 淡紫色oyster white 乳白色pink 粉红色salmon pink 橙红色baby pink 浅粉红色shocking pink 鲜粉红色brown 褐色, 茶色beige 灰褐色chocolate 红褐色, 赭石色sandy beige 浅褐色camel 驼色amber 琥珀色khaki 卡其色maroon 褐红色green 绿色moss green 苔绿色emerald green 鲜绿色olive green 橄榄绿blue 蓝色turquoise blue 土耳其玉色cobalt blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色navy blue 藏青色, 深蓝色,天蓝色aquamarine blue 蓝绿色red 红色scarlet 绯红, 猩红mauve 紫红wine red 葡萄酒红purple, violet 紫色lavender 淡紫色lilac 浅紫色antique violet 古紫色pansy 紫罗兰色white 白色off-white 灰白色ivory 象牙色snowy white 雪白色oyster white 乳白色gray 灰色charcoal gray 炭灰色smoky gray 烟灰色misty gray 雾灰色palegoldenrod 苍麒麟色palegreen 苍绿色paleturquoise 苍绿色palevioletred 苍紫罗蓝色pansy 紫罗兰色papayawhip 番木色peachpuff 桃色peru 秘鲁色pink 粉红plum 杨李色powderblue 粉蓝色purple 紫色red 红色rosybrown 褐玫瑰红royalblue 宝蓝色rubine 宝石红saddlebrown 重褐色salmon 鲜肉色salmon pink 橙红色sandy beige 浅褐色sandybrown 沙褐色sapphire 宝石蓝scarlet 猩红色seagreen 海绿色seashell 海贝色shocking pink 鲜粉红色sienna 赭色silver 银白色skyblue 天蓝色slateblue 石蓝色slategray 灰石色smoky gray 烟灰色snow 雪白色springgreen 春绿色steelblue 钢蓝色stone 石色tan 茶色teal 水鸭色thistle 蓟色tomato 番茄色turquoise 青绿色turquoise blue 翠蓝色violet 紫色wheat 浅黄色white 白色whitesmoke 烟白色winered 葡萄酒红yellow 黄色yellowgreen 黄绿色Currency (世界各国货币名称)RMB 人民币P.R.C.中华人民共和国Afghani阿富汗尼Afghanistan阿富汗bath铢Thailand泰国balboa巴波亚Panama巴拿马aolivar博利瓦Venezuela委内瑞拉colon（哥斯达黎加）科郎Costa Rica哥斯达黎加colon（萨尔瓦多）科郎El Salvador萨尔瓦多cordoba科多巴Nicaragua尼加拉瓜cruzeiro克鲁赛罗brazil巴西dalasi达拉西Gambia冈比亚dinar（阿尔及利亚）第纳尔Algeria阿尔及利亚dinar（伊拉克）第纳尔Iraq伊拉克dinar（约旦）第纳尔Jordan约旦dinar（科威特）第纳尔Kuwait科威特dinar（利比亚）第纳尔Libya利比亚dinar（也门民主人民共和国）第纳尔The People’s DemocraticRepublic of Yemen也门民主人民共和国dinar（突尼斯）第纳尔Tunisia突尼斯dinar（南斯拉夫）第纳尔Yugoslavia南斯拉夫dirham迪拉姆Morocco摩洛哥dollar（澳大利亚）元Australia澳大利亚dollar（巴哈马）元Bahamas巴哈马dollar（百慕大）元Bermuda百慕大dollar（加拿大）元Canada加拿大dollar埃塞俄比亚）元Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚dollar（斐济）元Fiji斐济dollar（圭亚那）元Guyana圭亚那dollar（香港）元Hongkong香港dollar（牙买加）元Jamaica牙买加dollar（利比里亚）元Liberia利比里亚dollar（马来西亚）元Malaysia马来西亚dollar（新西兰）元NewZealand 新西兰dollar（新加坡）元Singapore新加坡dollar（特立尼达和多巴哥Trinidad and Tobago特立尼达和多巴哥dollar（美国）元USA美国dong（越南）盾DBVN越南民主共和国drachma德拉克马Greece希腊escudo（智利）埃斯库多Chili智利escudo（葡萄牙）埃斯库多Portugal葡萄牙forint福林Hungary匈牙利franc（比利时）法郎Belgium比利时franc（布隆迪）法郎Burundi布隆迪franc(法国) 法郎France法国franc（卢森堡）法郎Luxemb(o)urg 卢森堡franc（马尔加什）法郎The Malagasy Republic马尔加什共和国franc（马里）法郎Mali马里franc(卢旺达)法郎Rwanda卢旺达franc(瑞士)法郎Switzerland瑞士gourde古德Haiti海地guarani瓜拉尼Paraguay巴拉圭Guilder(或florin)（荷兰）盾Netherlands荷兰kip基普Laos老挝koruna（捷克）克朗Czechoslovakia捷克斯洛伐克krona（冰岛）克朗Iceland冰岛krona（瑞典）克朗Sweden瑞典krone（丹麦）克朗Denmark丹麦krone（挪威）克朗Norway挪威kwacha（马拉维）克瓦查Malawi马拉维kwacha（赞比亚）克瓦查Zambia赞比亚kyat（缅甸）元Burma缅甸lek列克Albania阿尔巴尼亚lempira伦皮拉Honduras洪都拉斯leone利昂Sierra Leone塞拉利昂leu列伊Romania罗马尼亚lev列弗Bulgaria保加利亚lira(意大利)里拉Italy意大利Lira（土耳其）里拉（或镑）Turkey土耳其Mark（德意志联邦共和国）马克GFR德意志联邦共和国Markka（芬兰）马克Finland芬兰Naira奈拉Nigeria 尼日利亚new cedi新塞地Ghana加纳Ouguiya乌吉亚Mauritania毛里塔尼亚pa'anga邦加Tonga汤加Peseta比塞塔Spain西班牙peso（阿根廷）比索Argentina阿根廷peso（玻利维亚）比索Bolivia玻利维亚peso（哥伦比亚）比索Colombia哥伦比亚peso(古巴)比索Cuba古巴peso（多米尼加）比索The Dominican Republic多米尼加共和国peso（墨西哥）比索Mexico墨西哥peso（菲律宾）比索Philippines菲律宾peso（乌拉圭）比索Uruguay乌拉圭pound（塞浦路斯）镑Cyprus塞浦路斯pound（埃及）镑Egypt埃及pound（英国）镑Great Britain英国pound（爱尔兰）镑Ireland爱尔兰pound（黎巴嫩）镑Lebanon黎巴嫩pound（马耳他）镑Malta马耳他pound（苏丹）镑Sudan苏丹pound（叙利亚）镑Syria叙利亚quetzal格查尔Guatemala危地马拉Renminbiyuan人民币元China中国rial（伊朗）里亚尔Iran伊朗riel瑞尔Cambodia柬埔寨riyal（沙特阿拉伯）里亚尔Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯riyal（阿拉伯也门共和国）里亚尔The Arab Republic of Yemen阿拉伯也门共和国rouble卢布USSR俄罗斯rupee（印度）卢比India印度rupee（毛里求斯）卢比Mauritius毛里求斯rupee（尼泊尔）卢比Nepal尼泊尔rupee（巴基斯坦）卢比Pakistan巴基斯坦rupee（斯里兰卡）卢比Sri Lanka斯里兰卡rupiah（印度尼西亚）卢比（或盾）Indonesia印度尼西亚schilling(奥地利)先令Austria(奥地利)shilling（肯尼亚）先令Kenya(肯尼亚)shilling（坦桑尼亚）先令坦桑尼亚shilling（乌干达）先令乌干达sol索尔秘鲁Somali shilling索马里先令Somali索马里sucre苏克雷Ecuador厄瓜多尔syli西里syli几内亚tugrik图格里克Mongolia蒙古won（朝鲜）圆The Democratic People'srepublic of Korea朝鲜民主主义人民共和国日元Japan日本扎伊尔Zaire扎伊尔兹罗提Poland波兰医疗/护理Medicine / Nursing 医生（中、西医）Medical Doctor医学管理人员Healthcare / Medical Management医药技术人员Medical Technician药库主任/药剂师Pharmacist护士/护理人员Nurse / Nursing Personnel 临床协调员Clinical Coodinator临床研究员Clinical Researcher麻醉师Anesthesiologist心理医生Psychologist/Psychiatrist医药学检验Clinical Laboratory咨询/顾问Consultant专业顾问Senior Consultant咨询总监Consulting Director / Partner咨询经理Consulting Manager咨询员Consultant公务员Official公务员Official在校学生Student在校学生Student应届毕业生Graduating Student实习生Intern/Trainee培训生Trainee/Intern培训生Trainee 服务Service美容/健身顾问Exercise Coach/Fitness Trainer餐饮/娱乐经理Banquet Services Manager宾馆/酒店经理Reception Manager领班Supervisor服务员Service Staff营业员/收银员/理货员ShopClerk/Salesperson厨师Chief/Cook导游Tour Guide司机Chauffeur/Driver保安Security寻呼员/话务员Paging Operator建筑/房地产Construction/Real Estate 建筑工程师Architect结构/土建工程师Structural Engineer电气工程师Electrical Engineer给排水/暖通工程师Drainage/HVAC Engineer 工程造价师/预结算Budgeting Specialist建筑工程管理Construction Management工程监理Engineering Project Supervisor室内外装潢设计Decorator城市规划与设计Urban Design/Planning建筑制图CAD Drafter施工员Construction Crew房地产开发/策划Real Estate Development/Planning房地产评估Real Estate Appraisal房地产中介/交易Real Estate Agent/Broker物业管理Property Management翻译Translator英语翻译English Translation日语翻译Japanese Translator德语翻译German Translator法语翻译French Translator俄语翻译Russian Translator西班牙语翻译Spanish Translator朝鲜语翻译Korean Translator其他语种翻译Other Language Translator高级管理Senior Management首席执行官/总经理CEO/GM/President副总经理Deputy GM/VP/Management Trainee总监Director合伙人Partner总裁/总经理助理CEO/GM/President Assistant物流/贸易/采购Logis./Trading/Merchand./Purch.物流经理Logistics Manager物流主管Logistics Supervisor物流专员/助理Logistics Specialist/Assistant 物料经理Materials Manager物料主管Materials Supervisor采购经理Purchasing Manager采购主管Purchasing Supervisor采购员Purchasing Specialist/Staff外贸/贸易经理/主管TradingManager/Supervisor外贸/贸易专员/助理TradingSpecialist/Assistant业务跟单经理Merchandiser Manager高级业务跟单Senior Merchandiser业务跟单Merchandiser助理业务跟单Assistant Merchandiser 仓库经理/主管Warehouse Manager仓库管理员Warehouse Specialist运输经理/主管DistributionManager/Supervisor报关员Customs Specialist单证员Documentation Specialist船务人员Shipping Specialist快递员Courier理货员Warehouse Stock Management文字/艺术/设计Writer/Editor/Creative Artist/Designer编辑/作家/撰稿人Editor/Writer记者Journalist / Reporter校对/录入Proofreader/Data Entry Staff排版设计Layout Designer艺术/设计总监Creative/Design Director影视策划/制作人员Entertainment Planning / Production导演Director摄影师Photographer音效师Recording / Sounds Specialist演员/模特/主持人Actor/Actress/Model/MC 平面设计/美术设计Graphic Artist/Designer 纺织/服装设计Clothing / Apparel Designer 工业/产品设计Industrial Designer工艺品/珠宝设计Artwork/Jewelry Designer科研人员Research Specialist Staff科研管理人员Research Management科研人员Research Specialist Staff律师/法务Legal律师Lawyer法务人员Legal Personnel律师助理Paralegal/Legal Assistant书记员Court Clerk教师Professor/Teacher教师ProfessorTeacher教学/教务管理人员Education/School Administrator助教Teaching Assistant讲师Lecturer家教Tutor常见价格和费用词语中英翻译对照advertising cost 广告费appraised 估价basic price 基价buying offer 买方发价ceiling price 最高价C.I.F. value 赶岸价combined offer 联合发价cost and freight (C.& F.) 到岸价；运费在内价cost and insurance (C.& I.) 保险在内价cost, insurance and freight (C.I.F.) 运费及保险在内价counter offer 还价：还发价current price 现时价entertainment expenses 交际费ex-dock (factory) 码头（工厂）交货价ex-mine (plantation) 矿区（农场）交货价wx-maker's godown 制造商仓库交货价ex-quay (wharf) 码头交货价ex-ship 输入港船上交货价first cost 生产成本价floor price 最低价franco 全部费用在内价free alongside(on) ship 船边（上）交货价free on rail 火车上交货价free overside 出入港船上交货价free out (F.O.) 卸货费船方免责freight collect 运货由提货人交付freight repaid 运费预付freight terms 岸上交货价landing (loading) charges 起货（装载）费local (spot) 当地付货价miscellaneous expenses 杂项开支net price 净价；实价offer on sale or return 许可退货发价offer without engagement 不受约束发价out-of-pocket expenses 零星开支overhead 日常开支；日常管理费packing charges 包装费prime cost 原价；主要成本rebate 回折retail price 零售价stevedorage 码头工人搬运费storage charges 仓租sundry chargesd (expenses) 杂费surcharge 附加费wharfage 码头费wholesale price 批发价常见职业词汇中英翻译对照accountant: 会计actor: 男演员actress: 女演员airline representative: 地勤人员anchor: 新闻主播announcer: 广播员architect: 建筑师artist: 艺术家associate professor: 副教授astronaut: 宇航员. attendant: 服务员auditor: 审计员auto mechanic : 汽车技工baker: 烘培师barber: 理发师(男)baseball player: 棒球选手bell boy: 门童bellhop: 旅馆的行李员binman: 清洁工,垃圾工blacksmith: 铁匠boxer: 拳击手broker (agent) : 经纪人budgeteer: 预算编制者bus driver: 公车(巴士)司机butcher: 屠夫,肉商buyer: 采购员carpenter:木匠cartoonist: 漫画家cashier: 出纳员chef: 厨师chemist : 化学师clerk : 店员clown :小丑cobbler: 制(补)鞋匠computer programmer : 程序员construction worker : 建筑工人cook: 厨师cowboy :牛仔customs officer :海关官员dancer : 舞者dentist: 牙科医生designer: 设计师desk clerk: 接待员detective 侦探doctor: 医生door-to-door salesman: 推销员driver: 司机dustman: 清洁工editor : 编辑electrician :电工engineer:工程师farmer: 农夫fashion designer: 时装设计师fireman (firefighter): 消防员fisherman: 渔夫florist: 花商flyer: 飞行员Foreign minister : 外交部长gardener花匠(园丁)gas station attendant : 加油工geologist : 地质学家guard :警卫guide: 导游hiredresseer: 理发师,美容师(女) housekeeper : 管家housewife : 家庭主妇interpreter :口译员janitor : 清洁工journalist: 记者judge 法官lawyer :律师librarian: 图书管理员.life guard :救生员magician :魔术师masseur : 男按摩师masseuse : 女按摩师mathematician : 数学家mechanic: 机械师,机修工miner: 矿工model: 模特儿monk : 和尚,教士movie director: 导演movie star : 电影明星musician : 音乐家nun : 尼姑nurse: 护士office clerk : 职员office staff 上班族operator: 接线员parachutist: 跳伞人.pharmacist药剂师photographer:摄影师pilot: 飞行员planner: 计划员policeman: 警察postal clerk: 邮政人员postman :邮差President: 总统priest: 牧师processfor: 教授real estate agent: 房地产经纪人receptionist :接待员repairman :修理工人reporter : 记者sailor: 船员，水手salesman/ selespeople/salesperson: 售货员scientist: 科学家seamstress 女装裁缝师secretary: 秘书singer: 歌手soldiery: 士兵,军人statistician : 统计员surveyor: 测量技师tailor: 裁缝师taxi driver计程车司机teacher: 教师technician : 技术人员tour guide: 导游traffic warden: 交通管理员.translator: 翻译（笔译）TV producer: 电视制作人typist: 打字员vet: 兽医veterinarian兽医waiter: 侍者(服务生)waitress: 女侍者(服务生)welder : 焊接工writer: 作家职位名称中英文对照表Marketing and Sales(市场与销售部分）Vice-President of Sales 销售副总裁Senior Customer Manager 高级客户经理Sales Manager 销售经理Regional Sales Manager 地区销售经理Merchandising Manager 采购经理Sales Assistant 销售助理Wholesale Buyer 批发采购员Tele-Interviewer 电话调查员Real Estate Appraiser 房地产评估师Marketing Consultant 市场顾问Marketing and Sales Director 市场与销售总监Market Research Analyst 市场调查分析员Manufacturer\'s Representative 厂家代表Director of Subsidiary Rights 分公司权利总监Sales Representative 销售代表Assistant Customer Executive 客户管理助理Marketing Intern 市场实习Marketing Director 市场总监Insurance Agent 保险代理人Customer Manager 客户经理Vice-President of Marketing 市场副总裁Regional Customer Manager 地区客户经理Sales Administrator 销售主管Telemarketing Director 电话销售总监Advertising Manager 广告经理Travel Agent 旅行代办员Salesperson 销售员Telemarketer 电话销售员Sales Executive 销售执行者Marketing Assistant 市场助理Retail Buyer 零售采购员Real Estate Manager 房地产经理Real Estate Broker 房地产经纪人Purchasing Agent 采购代理Product Developer 产品开发Marketing Manager 市场经理Advertising Coordinator 广告协调员Advertising Assistant 广告助理Ad Copywriter(Direct Mail) 广告文撰写人Customer Representative 客户代表Computers and Mathematics(计算机部分)Manager of Network Administration 网络管理经理MIS Manager 电脑部经理Project Manager 项目经理Technical Engineer 技术工程师Developmental Engineer 开发工程师Systems Programmer 系统程序员Administrator 局域网管理员Operations Analyst 操作分析Computer Operator 电脑操作员Product Support Manager 产品支持经理Computer Operations Supervisor 电脑操作主管Director of Information Services 信息服务主管Systems Engineer 系统工程师Hardware Engineer 硬件工程师Applications Programmer 应用软件程序员Information Analyst 信息分析LAN Systems Analyst 系统分析Statistician 统计员Human Resources（人力资源部分）Director of Human Resources 人力资源总监Assistant Personnel Officer 人事助理Compensation Manager 薪酬经理Employment Consultant 招募顾问Facility Manager 后勤经理Job Placement Officer 人员配置专员Labor Relations Specialist 劳动关系专员Recruiter 招聘人员Training Specialist 培训专员Vice-President of Human Resources 人力资源副总裁Assistant Vice-President of Human Resources 人力资源副总裁助理Personnel Manager 职员经理Benefits Coordinator 员工福利协调员Employer Relations Representative 员工关系代表Personnel Consultant 员工顾问Training Coordinator 培训协调员Executive and Managerial(管理部分)Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行官Director of Operations 运营总监Vice-President 副总裁Branch Manager 部门经理Retail Store Manager 零售店经理HMO Product Manager 产品经理Operations Manager 操作经理Assistant Vice-President 副总裁助理Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员Management Consultant 管理顾问District Manager 市区经理Hospital Administrator 医院管理Import/Export Manager 进出口经理Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员Program Manager 程序管理经理Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员Project Manager 项目经理Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理Regional Manager 区域经理Chief Operations Officer(COO) 首席运营官General Manager 总经理Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监Controller(International) 国际监管Food Service Manager 食品服务经理Production Manager 生产经理Administrator 医疗保险管理Property Manager 房地产经理Claims Examiner 主考官Controller(General) 管理员Service Manager 服务经理Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理Vending Manager 售买经理Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理Transportation Manager 运输经理Warehouse Manager 仓库经理Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理Manager(Non-Profit and Charities) 非盈利性慈善机构管理。
国际新闻消息英语作文
国际新闻消息英语作文Title: Global News Update: Current Events Around the World。
In today's interconnected world, staying updated with international news is crucial for understanding global dynamics and trends. Here's a comprehensive overview of recent events from various corners of the globe:1. Conflict Escalation in Eastern Europe:The situation in Eastern Europe has intensified recently, with escalating tensions between neighboring countries. This includes ongoing conflict in Ukraine, where skirmishes continue in the eastern regions despite efforts for peace talks. Additionally, there's growing concern over the militarization of the Russian border and its implications for regional stability.2. Humanitarian Crisis in Yemen:Yemen remains mired in one of the world's worst humanitarian crises, exacerbated by years of conflict, famine, and disease. Recent reports highlight the dire conditions faced by millions of Yemenis, with widespread food insecurity and limited access to essential services. International aid efforts are ongoing, but the situation remains precarious.3. Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events:The impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly apparent, as extreme weather events continue to ravage various parts of the world. From devastating wildfires in Australia and California to record-breaking heatwaves in Europe and flooding in South Asia, the need for urgent action to address climate change has never been more pressing.4. Political Unrest in Latin America:Several countries in Latin America are experiencingpolitical unrest and social upheaval. In Haiti, protests against government corruption and economic hardship haveled to widespread unrest, while in Venezuela, political tensions remain high amid ongoing socio-economic challenges. These developments underscore the complexities of governance and democracy in the region.5. Economic Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa:Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant economic challenges, exacerbated by the global pandemic and its aftermath. Countries across the region are grappling with rising inflation, currency depreciation, and high levels of debt. Efforts to stimulate economic growth and address structural issues are underway, but progress remains slow and uneven.6. Technological Advancements and Digital Transformation:Amidst global challenges, there are also remarkable advancements in technology and digital transformation. Frombreakthroughs in artificial intelligence and renewable energy to innovations in healthcare and education, technology continues to reshape societies and economies worldwide. Embracing these advancements is key to driving sustainable development and addressing pressing global issues.7. Global Health Concerns:The world remains vigilant against the threat of global health crises, as evidenced by the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccination efforts have made significant strides in many parts of the world, challenges such as vaccine distribution inequities and the emergence of new variants persist. Collaboration and solidarity among nations are essential to overcoming these challenges and ensuring global health security.In conclusion, the world is facing a myriad of challenges and opportunities, from geopolitical tensions to technological advancements. Staying informed about international news not only broadens our understanding ofthe world but also empowers us to contribute to positive change on a global scale.。
高级英语 上册 中东集市 The Middle Eastern Bazaar 译文
THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 中文翻译文: 中东的集市中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。
市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。
你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。
各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。
这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。
中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。
例如，在布市上，所有那 1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一张陈列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。
讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。
头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择范围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
阿拉伯之春
The Arab Revolution8◆March 2011ing U.S. imperative has been to have a government in place that will respect that agreement. Plus, there’s all the trade that flows through the Suez Canal, as well as U.S. comfort at having a dictator in power who cooperated on everything from isolating Hamas to following a tough approach on Iran.There is always an economic or geostrategic con-cern that results in the United States pitting itself against, as Martin Luther King prophetically said decades ago, “the shirtless and barefoot people .”Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, like their predecessors, have pursued the traditional,amoral foreign policy of realpolitik. This policy has become the curse of the people of the developing world, who have to face off not only against their own regimes, but also the global superpower.I slamic radicalism is a favorite bogeyman for justi-fying U.S. support for Arab dictatorships. But in both Egypt and T unisia, fundamentalism was not the organizing force behind the demonstrations .T unisia has long been among the most secular Arab countries, and hardline Islam has traditionally had lit-tle support, something reflected in the composition of the protests.“The [T unisian] revolution so far has been spear-headed by labor movements, by Internet activists, by rural workers,” Professor Juan Cole said on Democra-cy Now!“It’s a populist revolution, and not particu-larly dominated in any way by Islamic themes. It seems to be a largely secular development.” And though the Muslim Brotherhood has had broader resonance in Egypt, the uprising there was in no way directed by it. “This is a diverse and pluralis-tic movement, initially driven by the youth from across the country, but now encompassing people of all ages,” wrote Professor Moustafa Bayoumi (whose roots are in Egypt) in an op-ed for the Progressive Media Project “Labor movements, youth associa-tions, professional unions, judges and journalists,opposition parties, bloggers and their followers, the middle class and the poor, men and women, MuslimThe Progressive ◆9and Christians—all are uniting for a new Egypt.”The involvement of youth in both the countries was heartening to see. So significant was their role that Farah I. Abdel Sater, founder and president of the U.N. Youth Association of Lebanon, called this juncture a youth-led dawn in the Middle East. And women were enthusiastic participants, under-cutting the notion that fundamentalists are the mas-terminds. “Women and girls are beside boys in the streets,” noted Egyptian feminist Nawal El Saadawi told Amy Goodman. “They are—and we are—call-ing for justice, freedom and equality, and real democ-racy and a new constitution, no discrimination between men and women, no discrimination between Muslims and Christians, to change the sys-tem, to change the people who are governing us, the system and the people, and to have a real democracy.”The bravery of the protesters was something to behold. In Cairo, amazing vignettes played out on the streets. Robert Fisk of the London Independent saw one such moving scene, where an old man walked down a row of military personnel, kissing every sol-dier and telling each one that he was his son. “You need a heart of stone not to be moved,” wrote Fisk.T he events in Egypt and T unisia were the latest instances of largely nonviolent protest in the Middle East.The Green Movement in Iran dared to take on the government after Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s ques-tionable reelection in 2009. While the struggle has not yet emerged victorious, it has managed to hang on in spite of intense repression, and it is the best hope for defusing the tension between Washington and T ehran.The Cedar Revolution in Lebanon in 2005demanded an end to Syrian domination of its neigh-bor. The movement compelled Syrian troops to leave the country, though Damascus still exerts influence. A nonviolent resistance movement also formed in Iraq against the U.S. occupation. This coalition was made up of a loose network of civil society organiza-tions, unions in the oil sector, women’s groups, and students .Despite being severely outgunned, such entities persisted in their peaceful resistance to the U.S. presence in Iraq.And then there’s Palestine, where nonviolence has played a large part in the struggle against the Israeli occupation . The Palestinian uprising in the late 1980s and the early 1990s—the First Intifada—was predominantly nonviolent. Palestinian protesters in the village of Bilin and in a number of other com-munities continue to engage in regular, mostly non-violent, demonstrations against the Israel-Palestine separation barrier.JOY KOLITSKYCopyright of Progressive is the property of Progressive, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.。
高级英语阅读第一单元(The middle Eastern Bazaar)
同义词: crowd 这两个词都表示拥挤的人群，不同处在于与 crowd相比，throng (carry a strong implication of movement and pushing and a weaker implication of density) 暗含动态的 意味更加强烈，即移动或推动，而crowd 更强调人群的密集度。
thread one’s way through/into something to move through a place by carefully going around things that are blocking your way She came towards me, threading her way through the crowd.
The middle Eastern Bazaar
Background information
This text is taken from the book Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces for Overseas Students. It was prepared by L.A. Hill and D.J. May and published by the Oxford University Press in 1962. The author in his introduction states: “This book is intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination（剑桥熟练英语证书考试）, and for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course”.
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The Middle Eastern nation of Yemen isn't a particularly large country. It's not the region's most influential country.How might it become the battlefield for a proxy war?Hi.I'm Carl Azuz for CNN STUDENT NEWS.That's what's first up this Thursday, April 2.The United Nations says Yemen is on the brink of falling apart. The Houthis, a Yemeni rebel group, took over the government earlier this year.Saudi Arabia is leading a coalition of nearby countries in airstrikes against the Houthis.Some of them have been killed. Some civilians have been killed.The Houthi rebel leader refuses to surrender and the country has become a focus of international concern.What happens here and who winds up in charge of Yemen after the violence settles could shape the religious and political future of the Middle East. Yemen is home to about 26 million people. It doesn't have many natural resources, so accordingly, it is one of the poorest Arab states.So why are so many other nations interested in the rebels there who have attacked the government and why have a coalition of other Arab nations put together a military force to fight those rebels?Three big reasons.First of all, this is a religious conflict. The rebels are Shiites. The government they pushed out there was Sunni. Many of the nations out here have mixes of Sunnis and Shiites in them. Any way that this conflict plays out has a chance of affecting the overall mix and influence of those religions here.It's all Islam, but there is still a power struggle going on.Secondly, this is a proxy war between two very big powers, Saudi Arabia, just to the north of Yemen there, and Iran over here. Again, Iran is Shiite, Saudi Arabia is Sunni.However this plays out in Yemen will have an impact on who is seen as a victor here and what sort of influence they continue to have in that region.And lastly, this conflict has put the United States in a very peculiar position at a sensitive time. Remember, Saudi Arabia is a long-time partner of the United States, an ally. But if the U.S. backs them too much, it could upset these delicate talks going on with Iran over its nuclear program.On top of all of that, Yemen has long been home to Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and all of this is happening at a time when the United States and other Western powers want allies there against al Qaeda, against ISIS and against other terrorist groups.All of that has made Yemen not merely a flashpoint now, but a global focal point. Time for the Shoutout.Which of these inventions was made during the Middle Ages?If you think you know it, shout it out.Was it the mechanical clock, eyeliner, Tesla coil or aqueduct.You've got three seconds.Go.The only one of these inventions made between the years 500 A.D. and the Renaissance was the mechanical clock.That's your answer and that's your Shoutout.中东国家也门并不是一个特别大的国家。
也不是该地区最具影响力的国家。
那也门是如何成为一场代理人战争的战场呢?嗨。
感谢收看CNN学生新闻，我是卡尔·阿祖兹。
这是4月2日周四的新闻我们首先关注的。
联合国表示,也门正处在分崩离析的边缘。
也门反政府武装胡塞武装于今年早些时候接管了政府。
而沙特阿拉伯领导邻近国家的联盟对胡塞武装实施空中打击。
他们中的一些人被杀害。
一些平民被杀害。
胡塞叛军领袖拒绝投降,而这个国家已成为国际关注的焦点。
这里所发生的一切及暴力流血事件过后谁会最终掌控也门会影响中东宗教和政治的未来。
也门是大约2600万人的家园。
由于自然资源并非充裕,因此它是阿拉伯最穷的国家之一。
那为什么有这么多的其他国家对于袭击政府的这支叛军感兴趣,而且为什么其他阿拉伯国家联盟会整合一股军事力量打击那些叛军?其中有3个原因。
首先,这是一场宗教冲突。
反政府武装是什叶派。
他们袭击的政府是逊尼派。
而在这里的很多国家既有逊尼派也有什叶派。
这一冲突的任何方面都会影响整体宗教结构,对这里各个宗教造成深远影响。
虽然都是伊斯兰教,但仍然存在权力斗争。
其次,这是也门以北沙特阿拉伯及伊朗两个大国之间的代理人战争。
再次重申，伊朗是什叶派,沙特阿拉伯是逊尼派。
然而在也门的这场战争的最终胜出的赢家会在该地区继续施加自身的影响力。
最后,这场冲突使美国在这样的敏感时刻处于一个非常特殊的位置。
请牢记，沙特阿拉伯是美国的长期合作伙伴,是美国的盟友。
但如果美国投入的支持太多,会打乱对就伊朗核项目的微妙谈判。
除此之外,也门一直是阿拉伯半岛基地组织的根据地，而所有这一切发生之时美国和其他西方大国希望盟友反对基地组织,打击ISIS恐怖组织和其他恐怖组织。
所有这些使得也门现在不只是一根导火索,而且还成为了全球焦点。
又到了大喊答题节目环节。
下面哪些发明是在中世纪?如果你认为知晓答案,那就大声喊出来。
是机械时钟,眼线,特斯拉线圈还是沟渠。
你有3秒的时间，开始。
这些发明中唯一一项在公元500年到文艺复兴时期之间的是机械时钟。
你回答对了吗？这就是本期的大喊答题节目环节。
1.take over 接管Prime candidate to take over his job is Margaret Ramsay.接替他工作的首要人选是玛格丽特·拉姆齐。
Kalan called his assistant, Hashim, to take over while he went out.考兰叫助理哈希姆在自己外出时代理其职。
2.refuse to 拒绝I refuse to pay for this call.所以我拒绝付这个电话费。
A tempting answer is that the state should refuse to help.一个不错的选择是国家不应该伸出援手。
3.focal point 焦点Hawkins said the focal point for the company at first will be the consumer market.霍金斯说，他的公司将首先把目光对准消费市场。
A focal point for the criticism is the coverage of high-profile criminal cases.。