研究生学术英语读写译期末论文试卷举例
【优质】江苏大学研究生英语学术论文写作样卷
课程：英语学术论文写作时间：XXXX
1.What are the general linguistic features of English academic writing?(10%）
A1:There are eight main features that are often discussed to represent the style of academic writing: complex, formal, objective, explicit,accurate, hedged, responsible and making reference to other writers’ work.
“Yes,” she said, “under the table.” Then: “Oh. I wanted it so much. I wanted a kitty.”
When she spoke English the maid’s face tightened.
“Come, Signora,” she said. “We must get back inside. You will be wet.”
A3:Generally speaking, the successful introduction of a paper should have the following four functions to facilitate the communication process.
introducing the subject; limiting the research scope; stating the general purpose; showing the writing arrangement.
大学英语读写译（3）期末测试题及答案1
大学英语读写译（3）期末测试题及答案1大学英语读写译(3)期末测试题及答案1大学英语读写译（三）期末测试题（1）Part I Reading Comprehension （55%）Part I. Skimming and Scanning (10 Points)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on The Answer Sheet. For questions 1-7, markY ( for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG ( for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with information given in the passage.The Joy of SOHO: Making a Life While Makinga LivingA Better ChoiceThe next time you hear a friend or co-worker talking excitedly about SOHO, don’t assume that they are talking about N ew York. In today’sbusiness world, SOHO refers to “Small Office/ Home Office”, one of today’s biggest explosions in the economy. The home-based business has been born out of necessity. In an era when large corporations always think of downsizing, what are your other choices?Your choices are usually limited: to find a suitable place inthe small business world, to stand in line at Unemployment Center, or to accept a cut in pay and benefits. We are forced to give nine hours’ work for eight hours’ pay, and we are not backing away from that. Bosses don’t understand that you have many things to pay for. In this economic climate, where cost-cutting measures are the order of the day, setting up a home office on your own may just be the way to beat the odds.How to StartLet’s congratulate you on your decision to start your won business. But where do you start? Paper clips, writing pad, phone, and table? Almost, but not quite. One of the faultscommitted by many home-based business owners is that they fail to consider the possibilities of expansion.It is fine to start working from the kitchen table, but what happens when things start to take off and you still do not want to have an office space? Where do you place the home office? If you have the space, I highly suggest a room to itself. This permits you to close the door and separate your personal life from business. You are able to leave everything you are working on right where it is instead of removing it to have dinner or to go to bed. These clean-up steps can lead to problems down the road. Where you locate the home office is important for your future success. A corner in the living room, bedroom or attic (阁楼) is preferable if you do not have a room solely for your business. Reasons for the separation include fewer distractions and the ability to think more clearly and focus more easily.And you may have to have one or two clientscome to your “office” in the lifetime of your business. Even though it is for your home, you need to present the best professional environment possible, which is especially importantif you have people working with you. Their productivity is important to your business. Invest in the appropriate chairs, tables, lighting and ventilation（通风）before you invest in the paper clips and writing pads. If the working environment is not comfortable, neither you nor your employees will stay there and finish the job. It is fine to have employees in your home, but just make sure you supply them with the best working atmosphere possible.The Popularity of Being SOHOToday, researchers and marketers have identified a segment that is now labeled SOHO, which gives a strong impetus to America’s economic growth and has created most of the new jobs in the last 20 years.3%of companies provided 6 million of the 7.7million jobs that were added to the economy between 1991 and1995. Small businesses account for over 90% of all businesses in the U.S., with an economic output greater than that of Germany or France or the UK.Reportedly, home-based workers earn more money. The 46 million home-based workers in the United States, including a large number of women working at home in an attempt to better balance work and family, earn 28% more than the average office workers, and spend less time earning their pay. Of course this is due, in part, to the fact hat more and more experienced and aggressive workers tend to start their own businesses.Remember, going into business on your own, for form a home office may mean harder work. But it can also mean more independence, more challenge, and better results. In the long run, it may mean more money of you and your family. In a word, starting your own business means freedom, growth,expe rimenting and learning. If you are successful, you won’t have to go and askfor a rise or accep t what you’re given or worry about being fired when a younger colleague comes along. You will have the freedom to enjoy the profits that come form your growing business. Good luck and enjoy the journey. Questions:1.Many people have no choice but to set uphome-based businesses because large corporations are expanding.2.The term SOHO, which means “SmallOffice/Home Office”, originates in New York.3.Many home-based business owners failed totake into account the possible expansion of their businesses.4.It is highly recommended that we make aseparate room as the office so as to avoid distractions.5.It is very important to provide theemployees with the best working environment.6.America’s small businesses are veryproductive, but their economic output is smaller than that of Germany.7.The number of home-based workers in theUnited States has reached 46 million.8.Small businesses make up________________________of all business in the U.S.9.The SOHO workers earn more money thanthe average office workers partly because more and more experienced and aggressive workers tend to ___________________________.10.We can achieve________________________ and better results by starting yourwon business.Section B Careful Reading (30%)Directions: In this section, there are 3 passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The best kept secret in San Diego is waiting to offer you a delightful getaway —without leaving town.Less than three years ago, the Parisi Hotel was just an office building above the shops on the corner of Prospect Street. Now, that valuable space is an intimate luxury hotel —with several rooms overlooking the ocean. You’ll be amazed when you enter from the corner and ascend the curving staircase to the second-floor lobby. It will take you into a different world.What will you find when you enter the large contemporary lobby is a handsome and peaceful space that was designed with a hint of Tuscany in its modern Mediterranean (地中海式的) style. The lobby has a large fireplace with comfortable sofas in warm neutral colors surrounding it. You’ll feel relaxed just sitting there — with its skylight overhead letting in the morning sun.All the rooms are more like suites (套房), with large comfortable beds, beautiful baths and stylish custom-designed furnishings and art throughout.The Parisi Hotel is the perfect place for seniors because it’s quiet and restful —with only 20 rooms. You won’t find many hotels like this in the center of a tourist town.The shops are all around you. Likewise for som e of the city’s best restaurants, you will never have to take your car out of the garage during your stay. And, by the way, the underground parking lot at the Parisi Hotel is free for hotel guests.Once you stay at this little gem (珍品), you’ll want to retu rn again and again. I know we do. It’s a perfect place for seniors.Rates for standard suites begin at $275. You can call the hotel for reservation at (858) 454-1513. The Parisi Hotel is located at 1111 Prospect St. right across from La Valencia.11. The Parisi Hotel is described as _________.A. a luxury hotel with comfortable facilitiesB. a large hotel famous for its rooms facing the oceanC. a good place for escaping away from the noisy cityD. a tourist attraction full of amazing corners12. When you enter the lobby, you will find that ________.A.it is decorated with Mediterranean furnitureB.the walls are painted in warm neutral bright colorsC.there is a large fireplace burning all the timeD.sunlight comes through the window in the sloping roof13. Why is the Parisi Hotel suitable for old people?A.Because all the rooms are like suites.B.Because it has fashionable furnishings.C.Because it is in the center of the town.D.Because it is peaceful to stay there.14. What special benefit can people get while staying in the Parisi Hotel?A.They don’t need to drive to eat out in a restaurant.B.They can enjoy free parking.C.They can buy things cheaper in nearby shops.D.They can make a reservation by phone.15. Which of the following statements is True?A.The Parisi Hotel is a small restful hotel.B.Most guests staying in the hotel are old people.C.The Parisi Hotel is in a secret place in San Diego.D.You must make a reservation before entering the hotel.Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems and death.Health experts say that since the year 1900, extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year, the unusually hot summer of 1980-heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city—Chicago.To measure extreme heat, government weather experts have developed the MeanHeat Index. It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day. Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature.The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it also is the least severe. For most people, the only result of heat stress is muscle pain. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt. For some people, however, the resultis much more serious.For example, doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress. These people have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke. Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.16. How many people died from heat in Chicago in 1995?A. About 1700.B. Nearly 1900.C. Around 1100.D. Over 600.17. What can people learn from the Mean Heat Index?A. The average temperature of an extremely hot day.B. The highest temperature of an extremely hot day.C. The lowest temperature of an extremely hot day.D. The nighttime temperature of an extremely hot day.18. A heat wave is a period of time during whichA. the weather is much better than usual.B. the nights are much longer than usual.C. the weather is much hotter than usual.D. the days are much longer than usual.19. Muscle pain in hot weather means that your body needsA. more exercise.B. more water.C. less oxygen.D. less sugar.20. For people who are in extremely poor health, heat can beA. deadly.B. painful.C. helpful.D. stressful.Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly （Although your eyelids are closed）. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep!21. A good title for this passage is ____.A. SleepB. Good HealthC. DreamsD. Work and Rest22. The word “drowsy” in the last paragraph means ____.A. SickB. stand upC. asleepD. a little sleepy23. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.A. dream more oftenB. have poor healthC. nervousD. breathe quickly24. During REM, ____.A. your eyes move quicklyB. you dreamC. you are restlessD. both A and B25. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ______ .A. approximately six hoursB. around ten hoursC. about eight hoursD. not stated hereSection C Reading in Depth (15%)Directions: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.(注意：以下题目按所学教材选做，并按序号对应在答题卡上填涂：学《新视野大学英语》教材的同学做A；学《全新版大学英语》的同学做B)A(《新视野大学英语》教材必做)Bartholdi’s47 celebrating US independence was a statue of a woman his mother did not 48 of. But when assembling the statue in his artist’s mind, he only had his eyes on his wife. S o, “my daughter, Liberty” has his mother’s face combined with his wife’s body. The 49 _ for Barbie comes from an exaggerated version of an older doll sold in Germany. It’s 50 seen as the Queen of dolls. The 51 faces in Grant Wood’s American Gothic of a 52 farmer and the woman standing alongside him, with their stretched necks, derive from the painter’s d entist and sister. When American coins honor 53 figures of the US government –mostly famous former presidents, the Buffalo nickel was 54 in memory of the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American Indians. It was James Earle Fraser that went 55 tradition by using actual American Indians as models for his creation. Uncle Sam may have the name of a meat inspector with a 56 for honesty or because Sam Wil son’s stamp was “EA-US”, it happens to stand for the initials of the United States.A. improveB. ProminentC. graveD. funnyE. approveF. universallyG. monumentH. modelI. EssentialJ. famousK. designed L. Publication M. against N. reputation O. greedy B(《全新版大学英语》教材必做)I _47_ not everyone who loves the country would be happy living _48_ we do. It _49_ a couple of special qualities. One is a _50_ for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a _51_ budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too _52_ most of their time at home.The other is _53_ energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small _54_ is to resist the _55_ to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. _56_, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.A. labor-saving F. takes K. farB. tight G. temptation L. requirementC. inventions H. scale M. InsteadD. suspect I. the way N. spendE. are involved in J.Certainly O. tolerancePart Ⅱ.Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre57. American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A. ignoredB. neglectedC. refusedD. denied58. There's little chance that mankind would _____ a nuclear war.A. retainB. endureC. maintainD. survive59. Our company decided to _____ the contractbecause a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A. destroyB.endureC. assumeD. cancel60. The _____ of blood always makes him feel sick.A. formB. viewC. lookD. sight61. The price of beer _____ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A. alteredB. rangedC. separatedD. differed62. The French pianist who had been praised very highly _____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned down63. When a fire _____ at the National Exhibitionin London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke outD. broke up64. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _____.A. stand up toB. put up withC. come up withD. make up for65. He's watching TV? He's _____ to be cleaning his room.A. knownB. consideredC. regardedD. supposed66. The sports meet, originally due to be heldlast Friday, was finally _____ because of the bad weather.A. set offB. broken offC. worn offD. called off67. They decided to chase the cow away _____ it did more damage.A. unlessB. untilC. beforeD. although68.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the color of his skin.A. regardless ofB. in the light ofC. by virtue ofD. with the exception of69. _____ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A. ForB. sinceC. Now.D.Despite70. The bridge was named _____ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A. afterB. withC. byD. from71. It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.A. impressionB. reactionC. commentD. opinionPart III. Cloze (20%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the20th century. 72 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 73 on both sides with many 74 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 75 , some shops offered 76 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.77 in the 1950s, a change began to 78 .T oo many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 79 too few parking places were 80 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 81 the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got 82 the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 83 as a collection of small new stores 84 crowded city centers. 85 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 86 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 87 of shopping centers led 88 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. 89 the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 90 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 91 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.72. A. As early as B. Early C. Early asD. Earlier73. A. built B. designed C. intentedD. lined74. A. varied B. various C. sortedD. mixed up75. A. Apart from B. However C. In addition D. As well76. A. medical care B. food C. cosmetics D. services77. A. suddenly B. Abruptly C. Contrarily D. But。
重庆大学研究生英语期末考试A卷大作文
重庆大学研究生英语期末考试A卷大作文Today there are 6 billion people on the earth. By the year 2050 there may be 12.5 billion. This is a lot of people to feed. We need more food.One way to produce more food is by growing stronger plants. For thousands of years farmers have made plants better. Every season they pick the best plants for the next season. It works very slowly. Since 1983 scientists have been able to change plants more quickly by changing their genetic material. Foods from plants grown in this way are called genetically modified foods or GM foods.By changing the genetic material of a plant it is possible to make new plants. They make plants which are strong against plant diseases. They can also help with our diseases: a kind of rice is being prepared for example which stops people from becoming blind.Rich countries produce GM foods because they are easy to grow and bring in more money. Poor countries are interested in them because they help produce more food.GM plants are not natural. No one knows how good or bad they are. Making GM foods is only one way of feeding people in 2050. There are strong feelings against thembecause they are unnatural. They may feed people then hurt them or their children later. But both rich and poor countries are very interested in their use and they are not going to go away. In 2050 We may think differently about them.。
研究生英语期末考试——简约版：翻译、词汇、完形
1、And medical researchers…。
几个世纪以来，妇女们始终相信一条朴实的真理：腰越细，生活就越好—医学研究者们如今正开始了解这一简单真理背后的复杂的生理机能。
2、Contrary to the notion…. 与腹部脂肪是位于腰部无所事事的惰性软组织这一观念相反,腹部脂肪实际上是一些小的内分泌工厂，会制造一些把信息传送给许多器官的激素。
3、It will be decades…。
医学解开代谢之谜是脂肪的难题尚需数十年。
医生们说，在此期间采取的主要行动是制止腰部变粗.萨瓦德说：“我们每个人都需要放慢让自己体形变得更像苹果的过程。
体形实在不容忽视。
"4、The globe’s… 这个全球最大的在线社交网站拥有逾3.5亿用户，如果把它看成一个国家的话，Facebook…。
的人口仅次于中国和印度.这不是唯一与此行业相关的令人震惊的数据。
5、To skeptics…。
对怀疑论者们而言，所有这些关于社交网站的讨论都预示着另一个互联网泡沫的形成。
他们争论到，即使如Facebook这么大的社交网站也将为赚钱而挣扎，因为变幻无常的网民们不会在一个地方呆很长时间，例子就是MySpace。
MySpace曾经风行一时，而现在只能算是以前的影子。
6、This special…。
这份特别报告将细致地检验这些事情.报告表示，尽管不会每个网站都繁荣，社交网站要比其批评者们认为得要更具生机。
而社交网络技术让欢迎它们的公司受益匪浅，不管这些企业大还是小。
7、As a child…。
. 他回忆起自己孩提时,非常专注地看爷爷做柜子,柜子之精致与简洁,让他惊叹不已。
二战之后，怀着完善自我的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑，但同时他仍传承了家族传统，学了一年木匠。
8、For the first time…。
. 在电子产品领域，既有精湛技术又有卓越设计的公司,这还是头一家。
设计成了品牌。
它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。
江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期末考试样卷
江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期末考试样卷考试科目：文献阅读与翻译 考试时间：XXXXXXDirections:Answer the following questions on the Answer Sheet.1. How many kinds of literature do you know? And what are they? (5%)2. How many types of professional papers do you know? And what are they? (5%)3. What are the main linguistic features of Professional Papers? (10%)4. What are the purposes of abstracts? How many kinds can theabstracts be roughly classified into? And what are the different kinds? (10%)5.What is a proposal? How many kinds of proposals do you think are there? What are the main elements of a proposal? (10%)6.Give your comments on the linguistic features of the following passage. (15%)Basic Point-Set TopologyOne way to describe the subject of Topology is to say that it isqualitative geometry. The idea is that if one geometric object can be continuously transformed into another, then the two objects are to be viewed as being topologically the same. For example, a circle and a square are topologically equivalent. Physically, a rubber band can be stretched into the form of either a circle or a square, as well as many other shapes which are also viewed as being topologically equivalent. On the other hand, a figure eight curve formed by two circles touching at a point is to be regarded as topologically distinct from a circle or square. A qualitative property that distinguishes the circle from the figure eight is the number of connected pieces that remain when a single point is removed: When a point is removed from a circle what remains is still connected, a single arc, whereas for a figure eight if one removes the point of contact of its two circles, what remains is two separate arcs, two separate pieces.The term used to describe two geometric objects that are topologically equivalent is homeomorphic. Thus a circle and a square are homeomorphic. Concretely, if we place a circle C inside a square S with the same center point, then projecting the circle radially outward to the square defines a function f :C→S, and this function is continuous: small changes in x produce small changes in f(x). The function f has an inverse f -1:S→C obtained by projecting the square radially inward to the circle, and this is continuous as well. One says that f is a homeomorphism between C and S.One of the basic problems of Topology is to determine when two given geometric objects are homeomorphic. This can be quite difficult in general.Our first goal will be to define exactly what the ‘geometric objects’are that one studies in Topology. These are called topological spaces. The definition turns out to be extremely general, so that many objects that are topological spaces are not very geometric at all, in fact.7. Match the phrase in the first column with its translation in the second column.(10%)1. Full length paper a.征稿启事2. Sponsoring organization b.会务组3. Call for papers c.全文4. Submission of papers d.提交论文5. Conference venue and fees e.信息牌/布告栏6. Conference editorial board f.主办单位7. Review g.研讨会8. Limousine service h.评审、审稿9. Message board i.客车设施10. Audio visual facilities j.会址和会费11. Colloquia k.视听设施8. How do you understand Yan Fu’s three-word guide xing, da,ya? What’s youropinion on the principles of translation? (10%)9. It is very common that one word has more than one meaning.The proper choice of word meaning is essential to translation.Choose the correct meaning of the word “story ” in thefollowing sentences. (5%)(1) This war is becoming the most important story of thisgeneration.(2) It is quite another story now.(3) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke thestory.(4) He'll be very happy if that story holds up.(5) The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.[The meanings of STORY: a. situation; b. inside information; c. experience; d. law case; e. statement; f. event]10. Put the following abstract into Chinese. (10%)Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of indoorair pollution. A major point stressed in both the Surgeon General’s Report and the National Academy of Science’s Report is that methods used to determine the exposure of the nonsmoking population to ETS must be improved. In this dissertation, a semi-real time system for monitoring ETS are proposed and compared with other systems. Several new tracers for ETS are proposed. The generalization and decay of ETS in an indoor environmental laboratory is studied. A new technique for analyzing microgram and sub microgram amount of nicotine is developed. A unique exposure study to ETS is to carry out wherein never-smokers are exposed to ETS. Much evidence has accumulated that fine particulate matter in the atmosphere affects human health and atmospheric properties. To monitor airborne particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine the chemical compositions of the particles. A new high flow rate, multichannel parallel plate denuder sampling system has been developed which is capable of determining the particle size distributions and the semi-volatile organic compounds which can be lost from particles during sampling.11.Put the following passage into English. (10%)在本《国际标准》中，”文摘”一词的意义是：对原文献内容准确、扼要而不加解释或评论的表述。
研究生英语读写译杨瑾瑜期末考试必考选择答案参考
研究生英语读写译杨瑾瑜期末考试必考选择答案参考第一篇：研究生英语读写译杨瑾瑜期末考试必考选择答案参考____1.B AppreciativeAsudden5.B.intensification A love6.BresultinA vast6.D laid outA____ 6.A sequenceAlienation is6.C potentialityAllthe ourished As an7.B overlook At first 4.B switched China 7.A embark onComputer 10.A fully-fledgedDevelopment 9.B principleDue to2.D devastation During the6.C compact Duties and2.D barrierEfforts are1.A diplomaticGroups of7.C dispersed Hardworking3.A admirableHeformed10.D solitaryHeresigned5.D on the grounds of He had 5.B communionHe used8.B.mobilizeHe____8.C checked intoHiseyes1.C unalterableHis ideas 1.B in line withI am used7.A intimacyI don’t like5.A straightforwardI tried3.Dalbeit I’m not7.C definiteIfallowed1.CexacerbateIt is5.AextensiveJustbe8.D supportiveMaggie bought9.A in anticipation of Many farmers 6.D.subsistence Maryfound1.C compromiseMary received 8.C enormousMy onvertedinto No matter3.Dmake sense People6.A tend toReading this 3.Bidentify.Scientists can10.Dcommissions She has2.C inceptionSome old8.CtolerateSuch opinions 4.B.pave the way forSweet__4.B discourseTalkingto10.Dperspective The ___attention7.Dmedia The agreement 4.B result in The children9.Cturned in The chinese5.A heritageThe driver 10.D multipleThe fact that4.B distressingThe govenment2.A sensitiveThe law7.D in response toThe most 2.D incentive The news9.A infuseThe society8.Afurthering The soup was 5.Aorherwise The wonderful9.C shotsThe__ 4.B access toThe___ 9.B ethics These figures 3.A previousThis is3.A.unprecedentedThis job8.A entailThis theme9.BalternateVietnam has 3.A emergedWe need4.B cohesion We tried 10.C bribery What strikes2.A tersenessWherever there 10 Coppression第二篇：研究生英语读写译杨瑾瑜期末考试必考cloze答案参考A :ADB is……1.finance2.reduce3.improve4.agencies5.sustainable6.regional7.integration8.instruments9.enterprises10.mobilize I:In1933when……1.dispute2.alternative3.searching for4.ethnic5.lifestyle6.on behalf of7.corruption 8.opportunity 9.vision 10.look forward toL:Love is an activity……1.sphere2.realm3.sacrifices4.manifestations5.exquisite6.involved7.exchange8.accomplished9.object10.misfortune PE:Personalhealthdepends……1.partially2.linked3.positive4.increase5.impact6.management7.tolerance8.relieve9.builds10.reaction PR:PresidentObamas……5.priority 7.crisis6.Recovery 4.spur3.Investments2.infrastructure 9.alternative 1.expand puterize10.sustainable T:Theeffect of……1.declining2.brought on3.raise4.predecessors5.to5.although7.determinant 8.flood9.overtaxed 10.moreoverW:Whensettlers……1.dominate2.symbol3.contrast4.populated5.finished6.tied7.connected8.exceeded9.along10.because第三篇：研究生英语读写译教程课文小结小结Unit One“The End of Something", by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story about two young people who witness how time can change the world and the people in it.The broken mill represents Nick and Marjorie's broken relationship.Once, the mill was the center of the town.The town was a place full of activity.In the present of the story, as the time passed by ,the mill lies deserted, as does the relationship between Nick and Marjorie.we can clearly see that time can change everything , when they cannot stay young forever,so the weak foundation of their relationship is torn down and left in pieces.Eventhough they will meet one day ,the love is not there,because the two lovers have their own understanding of love.Just as the story says“ the fish will not strike anymore, and love i s not fun anymore.” The good old past feeling isn't good enough anymore, even one of the lovers does not want give up on catching the love,and still clings to what is left and still hopes for the best.The past has become past, only can we cherish the good memory.what one must focus on is what is, now, and what is to come, tomorrow.One must look beyond what was and look for the love belong to themselves.Unit TwoIgnorance is a condition or state where a person ignores, disregards, or overlooks knowledge about something.It is when the person is uninformed, is uneducated about something.However, only an person is full of knowledge,can he has courage to admit his ignorance.The author began the essayby telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding him practically ignorant of anything.The author felt sad about his current store of knowledge after many years of costly education.He has a limited range of knowledge and the inadequate understanding of the major phenomena of the world.However, it suddenly occurred to him when he has gone his way serene and happy, he may be the only one who is ignorant, for anyone will not admit that he is a ignorant person.So someone may have the psychology of remaining to be a happy ignorant person, so he or she would not be able to know more knowledge.And he or she is not vulnerable to ignorance.Unit Three“A sound mind in a sound body is a short, but a full description of a happy state in this world.” Nowadays research suggests that we should think there is deep link between body and mind health in order to achieve happy state of mind.In this way, exercise is a state of mind.MichaelCraig Miller uses scientists’ experiments as evidence to show that exercise has exerted great effects on people’s mind health.Regular exercise can improve your mood, decrease anxiety, and raises self-esteem through inducing biological changes.Exercise is also a pretty good antidepressant which can relieves and prevents depression through regulating mood and storing memories.On the other hand, exercise is under genetic control.Genes can influence both people’s physiological responses to exercise and people’s subjective experience of exercise.In the end, the author advices that we form the habit of exercise.You needn’t spend too much and the type of exercise doesn’t matter.Continuing exercise and motivation to exercise are good to your body and mind health.Unit Four“Opportunity is the crux of the American ideal.” People in the American society used to think that with hardwork and self-determination, they are sure to succeed and realize their dreams.But in recent years the traditional doctrine of “American dream” is seriously challenged, esp.with regard to the economic development.Clive Crook holds that in spite of new immigrants, America is already a middle-aged country, and pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness.Most important of all, the economic mobility in America is getting lower and lower as compared to any other western country.The idea of the “American Dream” is s tarting to fade since rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor.And the real focus of any effort to restore economic opportunity is to get out of poverty, and to this end one effective way may be to improve education, which will definitely have a great effect on economic mobility across generations.Unit FiveIt is probably safe to say that every language has a pair of words expressing good and evil, for it is generally believed that a sense of moral judgment and a distinction between good and evil or right and wrong are cultural universals.But what really is good, and what really is evil? Moralrelativists would argue that the standards of good and evil are only products of local culture, custom, or prejudice.Moreover, believers in the dua lity of “good versus evil” would say evil cannot exist without good, nor good without evil, as they are both objective states and opposite ends of the same scale.As boys and girls, we were taught to do good, not evil.(Remember that good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil?)Yet as Plato observed, there are relatively few ways to do good, but there are countless ways to do evil, which can therefore have a much greaterimpact on our lives, and the lives of other beings capable of suffering.For this reason, some philosophers(e.g.Bernard Gert)maintain that preventing evil is more important than promoting good in formulating moral rules and in conduct.To prevent evil, the author of this article argues, we must first know what is truly “evil”, for there can be no genuine understanding of goodness in human behavior unless we also understand evil.Beginning with the recognition that neither good nor evil exist outside the human personality, the author distinguishes creative and destructive potentials, and then finds social forces that may activate destructive potentials.With such whats about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children.第四篇：研究生英语读写译教程课文小结小结 Unit One“The End of Something", by Ernest Hemingway, is a s hort story about two young people who witness how time can change the world and the people in it.The broken mill represents Nick and Marjorie's broken relationship.Once, the mill was the center of the town.The town was a place full of activity.In the present of the story, as the time passed by ,the mill lies deserted, as does the relationship between Nick and Marjorie.we can clearly see that time can change everything , when they cannot stay young forever,so the weak foundation of their relationship is torn down and left in pieces.Eventhough they will meet one day ,the love is not there,because the two lovers have their own understanding of love.Just as the story says“ the fish will not strike anymore, and love is not fun anymore.” The good old past feeling isn't good enough anymore, even one of the lovers does not want give up on catching the love,and still clings to what is left andstill hopes for the best.The past has become past, only can we cherish the good memory.what one must focus on is what is, now, and what is to come, tomorrow.One must look beyond what was and look for the love belong to themselves.Unit TwoIgnorance is a condition or state where a person ignores, disregards, or overlooks knowledge about something.It is when the person is uninformed, is uneducated about something.However, only an person is full of knowledge,can he has courage to admit his ignorance.The author began the essay by telling the experience of waking in the morning and finding him practically ignorant of anything.The author felt sad about his current store of knowledge after many years of costly education.He has a limited range of knowledge and the inadequate understanding of the major phenomena of the world.However, it suddenly occurred to him when he has gone his way serene and happy, he may be the only one who is ignorant, for anyone will not admit that he is a ignorant person.So someone may have the psychology of remaining to be a happy ignorant person, so he or she would not be able to know more knowledge.And he or she is not vulnerable to ignorance.Unit Three“A sound mind in a sound body is a short, but a full description of a happy state in this world.” Nowadays research suggests that we should think there is deep link between body and mind health in order to achieve happy state of mind.In this way, exercise is a state of mind.Michael Craig Miller uses scientists’ experiments as evidence to show that exercise has exerted great effects on people’s mind health.Regular exercise can improve your mood, decrease anxiety, and raises self-esteem through inducing biological changes.Exercise is also a prettygood antidepressant which can relieves and prevents depression through regulating mood and storing memories.On the other hand, exercise is under genetic control.Genes can influence both people’s physiological responses to exercise and people’s subjective experience of exercise.In the end, the author advices that we form the habit of exercise.You needn’t spend too much and the type of exercise doesn’t matter.Continuing exercise and motivation to exercise are good to your body and mind health.Unit Four“Opportunity is the crux of the American ideal.” People in the American society used to think that with hardwork and self-determination, they are sure to succeed and realize their dreams.But in recent years the traditional doctrine of “American dream” is seriously challenged, esp.with regard to the economic development.Clive Crook holds that in spite of new immigrants, America is already a middle-aged country, and pessimistic spirit has come to dominate the national consciousness.Most important of all, the economic mobility in America is getting lower and lower as compared to any other western country.The idea of the “American Dream” is starting to fade since rich children stay rich whereas poor children still stay poor.And the real focus of any effort to restore economic opportunity is to get out of poverty, and to this end one effective way may be to improve education, which will definitely have a great effect on economic mobility across generations.Unit FiveIt is probably safe to say that every language has a pair of words expressing good and evil, for it is generally believed that a sense of moral judgment and a distinction between good and evil or right and wrong are cultural universals.But what really is good, and what really is evil? Moral relativists would argue thatthe standards of good and evil are only products of local culture, custom, or prejudice.Moreover, believers in the duality of “good versus evil” would say evil can not exist without good, nor good without evil, as they are both objective states and opposite ends of the same scale.As boys and girls, we were taught to do good, not evil.(Remember that good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil?)Yet as Plato observed, there are relatively few ways to do good, but there are countless ways to do evil, which can therefore have a much greater impact on our lives, and the lives of other beings capable of suffering.For this reason, some philosophers(e.g.Bernard Gert)maintain that preventing evil is more important than promoting good in formulating moral rules and in conduct.To prevent evil, the author of this article argues, we must first know what is truly “evil”, for there can be no genuine understanding of goodness in human behavior unless we also understand evil.Beginning with the recognition that neither good nor evil exist outside the human personality, the author distinguishes creative and destructive potentials, and then finds social forces that may activate destructive potentials.With such whats about evil, the author concludes the text by offering some hows as to teaching our children.第五篇：《研究生英语读写》试题考试时间：2014年1月7日下午2:30-4:302013-2014学年第一学期期末考试2013级《研究生英语读写》试题Section A（请将题号1— 35 题的答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上）Part I.Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part.Each is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.Part II.Vocabulary(10%)Directions: T here’re 20 incomplete sentences, for each one there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the most appropriate to complete them.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line in pencil through the center.课后练习Part IIITranslation(20%)Directions: Translate the following sentences from Chinese to English and English to Chinese.5个英语句子，5个汉语句子，都是课文里的Part IVWriting(10%)写推荐信或者简历，注意课后应用文。
研究生英语期末考试-翻译及部分答案
(仅供参考)第一课1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.1. 因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
s2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
2016研究生学术英语写作期末考试试卷
2016研究生学术英语写作期末考试试卷Part I Recognizing topic sentences (20%)Directions: Read the sentences in each group, and decide which one is the best topic sentence. Write best TS on the line next to it and decide what is wrong with the other sentences, too general, too specific or incomplete? (P.6)Part II Identifying the parts of a topic sentence (20%)Directions: Circle the topic and underline the controlling idea(s) in each of the following sentences.(P.9)Part III Specific supporting details (20%)Directions: Decide which of the following statements is an opinion (O), a fact that needs proof (F-NP), or a specific supporting detail (SSD). (P.40)Part IV Choosing the best paraphrase (20%)Directions: Read the original passages. Choose the best paraphrase from the choices given and mark it “Best.” Mark the others “Too sim.” for too similar, “No cit.” if there is no in-text citation, or “Inc./Inacc.” for incomplete and/or inaccurate information. (P.130)Part V Introductory paragraphs (20%)Directions: Read each of the following sets of sentences and put them in a logical order to form introductory paragraphs. Write the thesis statement last.(P.62)。
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西南交通大学研究生2015-2016学年 第(1)学期期末考试试卷 课程名称 研究生学术英语读写译 课程代码 51321001 考试形式 课程论文院 系 学 号 姓 名 密封装订线 密封装订线 密封装订线KEY WORDS: circular tunnel; stress state; analytical method; numerical method1 INTRODUCTIONAccording to Li (2004), the definition of tunnel was officially proposed by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) at a tunnel conference in 1970, at which tunnel was defined as ‘A underground cavity, whose cross -sectional area is larger than 2, that is constructed by an arbitrary method in accordance with the prescribed shape and scale’. The tunne l can be differently sorted out in terms of its function, depth, location, sectional area, length and geological condition separately (Tan, 2001). However, this research focuses on the traffic tunnel, including hig hway tunnel and railway tunnel…The software ANSYS and FLAC3D are used in the numerical methods and t he shape of tunnel is circular…2 ANALYTICAL METHODThis chapter will explore the stress and displacement in wall rock at every step on the basis of elastic and plastic mechanics. Specific expressions of them will be given.2.1 Initial stress stateGenerally speaking, the initial stress is mainly constituted by gravity stress and tectonic stress. It is also related to the tectonic geometry, depth, and history of tectonic movement. According to Guan (1993), the initial stress can be calculated by:=Z T σσσ+ (1)where is the gravity stress; is the tectonic stress (Guo, Ma, & Xue, 1983).The tectonic stress is so complicated that…This paper ignores tectonic stress, in other words, the initial stress is equal to gravity stress.When the ground is horizontal and the rock mass is an isotropic semi-infinite body...The test indicates the Poisson's ratio of most rocks ranges from 0.15 to 0.35, so the horizontal gravity stresses are less than the vertical ones.2.2 Secondary stress stateThe factors that can affect the secondar y stress state are complicated…The practicable strategy is to take the main factors into consideration.The state in wall rock can be totally elastic or partly plastic. For the former, the stress in wall rock … For the latter, the stress in surrounding wall rock… is less than the strength.To simplify the problem, some assumptions are made as follows:1) The wall rock can be regarded as a homogeneous isotropic continuum;2) The initial stress is equal to gravity stress, if ignoring the tectonic stress;3) The shape of tunnel is circuit and it is a deep-buried tunnel;4) The plane strain conditions are satisfied.2.3 Totally elasticThe principle of elastic mechanics shows that the secondary stress field in wall rock can employ the following model (in which the gravity is ignored and whose scale is 2 to 3 times larger than the tunnel diameter) shown in Figure 1, when the depth is 10 times bigger than the tunnel diameter.Figure 1. The analysis model of stress in wall rock In Figure 1, 、 are both the gravity stress in the center of tunnel. They are calculated by: z c H σγ= (4) z x σλσ= (5) where is the depth of the center of tunnel …the solution of stress and relative tunnel; E is the elastic modulus; is the Poisson’s ratio…3 NUMERICAL METHODThe software ANSYS10.0 is used to simulate the factors which can affect the initial stress state. FLAC3D is used to get the stress and displacement of secondary stress state and third stress state. Then comparison between the numerical solution and the analytical one is made.3.1 Initial Stress StateAccording to Guan (1993), the initial stress state is related to the following factors: depth, tectonic movement (fault and fold), the surrounding terrain, and so on.3.1.1 DepthThe scale of the model is . The parameters of the rock are .the radius of plasticity zone is smaller than the one of secondary stress state …4 CONCLUSIONThe stress and displacement in wall rock during tunnel construction are analyzed through analytical method and numerical method in this paper. The elastic-plastic mechanics theory, the ANSYS and FLAC3D software are used to generate the solutions.ANSYS is a kind of suitable software to simulate the tectonic fold and fault, which is in line with the mechanical principle.FLAC3D can well model the wall rock in terms of its stress and displacement fields. When radial distance is smaller than 5 to 6 times of the tunnel radius … The impact of lateral pressure coefficient has not been studied. The software of ABAQUS can be used to solve this problem …ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSMy deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers from the School of Civil Engineering. I equally owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and help me work out my problems and overcome difficulties in the study i .i Several scholars have offered their explanations on…。