英语—-就近原则&就远原则
英语表达中的就近原则
英语语法中的就近原则简介一、常见的就近原则句型就近原则是指谓语动词与其靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致的原则。
这种原则在英语中有很多应用，下面列举了一些常见的句型：there be句型。
这种句型中，be动词要和其后的第一个主语在数上一致，如：句子说明There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.be动词和a pen保持一致There are some books and a pen on the desk.be动词和some books保持一致either...or, neither...nor句型。
这种句型中，谓语动词要和最靠近的主语在人称和数上一致，如：句子说明Either you or Paul is responsible for this thing.谓语动词和Paul保持一致Neither you nor I am wrong.谓语动词和I保持一致not only...but also, not...but句型。
这种句型中，谓语动词也要和最靠近的主语在人称和数上一致，如：句子说明Not only you but also your sister is lovely.谓语动词和your sister保持一致Not you but your father is to blame.谓语动词和your father保持一致二、就近原则的适用范围和限制条件就近原则虽然看起来很简单，但是并不是绝对的，而是要根据句子的意思和语境来判断。
有时候，谓语动词并不一定要和最靠近的主语一致，而是要和整个主语的意义一致，或者和句子的主旨一致。
下面是一些例外情况：当主语由with, together with, along with, as well as, rather than, besides, in addition to, including, except, but, like等词连接时，谓语动词要和前面的主语在人称和数上一致，如：句子说明A woman with two children is coming.be动词和a woman保持一致You, rather than your parents, are to blame.be动词和you保持一致Tim, as well as his friends, wants to see the film.谓语动词和Tim保持一致当主语是表示一体的复合名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式，如：句子说明Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.谓语动词用单数，表示面包加黄油当主语是表示分离的复合名词时，谓语动词要用复数形式，如：句子说明Bread and eggs are on the table.谓语动词用复数，表示两种食物The United States and Canada are neighbors.谓语动词用复数，表示两个国家当主语是表示时间、距离、金额、比例等的复合名词时，谓语动词要根据句子的意思来确定，如：句子说明Five minutes is enough for me.谓语动词用单数，表示一个时间段Five minutes are left.谓语动词用复数，表示多个时间单位Ten dollars is a lot of money for a child.谓语动词用单数，表示一个金额Ten dollars are scattered on the floor.谓语动词用复数，表示多个钱币Two-thirds of the students are girls.谓语动词用复数，表示多个学生Two-thirds of the cake is gone.谓语动词用单数，表示一个蛋糕当主语是由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等词连接的两个不同的人称或数时，谓语动词要和句子的主旨一致，如：句子说明He or I am to blame.谓语动词和I保持一致，表示自责He or I is to blame.谓语动词和he保持一致，表示指责Not only the teacher but also the students want to see the film.谓语动词和students保持一致，表示主要的意愿Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.谓语动词和teacher保持一致，表示出乎意料的意愿。
英语中的就近原则
英语中就近一致的原则【就近原则】也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定就是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
1、由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be＋句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e、g、①What he does or what he says does not concern me 、她的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong 、您与我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame 、不就是您,而就是您父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong 、不仅您错了,她也错了。
2、在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e、g、①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people 、在远处,能听见鼓掌声与人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk 、桌上有一支钢笔与几本书。
【就远原则】谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from;likeE、G:He rather than I is right、Nobody but two students is in the classroom、The teacher with his students is working in the fields、They have kept working for several hours、Nobody made them work for so long、主谓一致1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important、注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
英语中的就近原则
英语中就近一致的原则【就近原则】也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
【就远原则】谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from;likeE.G：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.The teacher with his students is working in the fields. They have kept working for several hours. Nobody made them work for so long.主谓一致1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
英语语法中几个就近原则
英语语法中几个就近原则在英语语法中有几个就近原则，它们是：1.主谓一致的就近原则（Proximity Agreement in Subject-Verb Agreement）：当主语由两个或更多个单数名词或代词组成，并且连接词为"and"时，谓语动词应与最靠近它的名词或代词在数上一致。
例如：The book and the pen are on the table. （书和笔在桌子上。
）2. 反身代词的就近原则（Proximity Agreement in Reflexive Pronouns）：当反身代词作为主语时，它应该与最靠近它的名词在人称和数上一致。
例如：John and his sister bought themselves new clothes.（约翰和他的姐姐给自己买了新衣服。
）3. 代词的就近指代原则（Proximity Agreement in Pronoun Reference）：当一个名词或该名词的同位语和一个代词一起使用时，代词应该与最靠近它的名词或同位语在人称、数、性别和格上一致。
例如：Peter and his friends played a game. They won. （彼得和他的朋友们玩了一场比赛。
他们赢了。
）4. 介词短语的就近修饰原则（Proximity Agreement in Prepositional Phrase Modifiers）：当一个名词有多个介词短语修饰时，这些介词短语应该紧密地连接到最靠近它的名词上，以避免歧义。
例如：The girl in the red dress with a hat is my sister.（穿着红色连衣裙戴着帽子的女孩是我妹妹。
）5. 修饰语的就近修饰原则（Proximity Agreement in Modifier Placement）：修饰语应尽可能地靠近它所修饰的词，以避免歧义。
英语中的就近原则(最新整理)
英语中就近一致的原则【就近原则】 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
【就远原则】 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from;like E.G：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.The teacher with his students is working in the fields. They have kept working for several hours. Nobody made them work for so long.主谓一致1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
英语的就近原则
英语的就近原则
一、就近原则：又称“就近一致原则”，是指谓语与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上保持一致。
1 there be 句型中，谓语动词要与靠be动词最近的名词或代词保持一致。
2 由eitheror, neitheror, not onbut ao等连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致。
二、就远原则：当用作主语成分后面跟有以下这些词引出短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致。
（即与比较远的那个主语保持一致）
a we a, together, with, aong, ecee
一个妇女和两个孩子来了。
3 Sam, together with hi roommate, ha een the fim 萨姆和他的室友看了这部电影。
4 He rather than I i right 他是对的，我不是。
5 No one ecee now about thi new
除了我，没有人知道这个消息。
6 M father, no e than I, i a bae-ba fan
我爸爸和我一样是一个棒球迷。
英语中的就近原则
英语中就近一致の原则【就近原则】也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近の名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
1.由下列词语连接の并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他の行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们の呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
【就远原则】谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from;likeE.G：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.The teacher with his students is working in the fields. They have kept working for several hours. Nobody made them work for so long.主谓一致1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一の概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接の两个词前只有一个冠词。
英语中的就近原则
英语中就近一致得原则【就近原则】也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Prｏximity),即:谓语与靠近得名词、代词(有时不一定就是主语)在“人称、数"上一致。
1.由下列词语连接得并列主语:"tｈｅrｅbe+句型; or ; either …oｒ;nor; neitｈer…noｒ;whethｅr…or;noｔ…but; not ｏnly…but also” ;等、ｅ、g.①What hｅdoeｓor whatｈｅsays ｄoes not cｏnｃern me. 她得行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you noｒI am wｒoｎg .您与我都没错、③Nｏｔyoｕbut ｙoｕr father isｔo bｌamｅ、不就是您,而就是您父亲该受责备、④Nｏt only ｙoｕbｕt(also) he ｉs wronｇ。
不仅您错了,她也错了、2、在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e、g、①Ｉｎtｈeｄisｔａｎｃe wａｓhｅard thｅclａpｐinｇof hａnds and the ｓｈoｕts of ｔhe ｐeopｌｅ。
在远处,能听见鼓掌声与人们得呼喊声。
②There is (arｅ) a pen aｎｄsoｍe bｏoks oｎtｈｅdesk 、桌上有一支钢笔与几本书、【就远原则】谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:as wｅlｌas;(togetheｒ/ａlｏng)wiｔh;ｒather tｈan;exｃep ｔ;besides;but;including;iｎａdｄitiｏn to;apａrt from;lｉkeＥ、Ｇ:Hｅratｈeｒthan I iｓriｇht。
Nｏｂoｄy but twｏｓtｕdeｎts ｉs in the claｓsroom、Ｔｈｅteacherｗｉｔh his studｅntsｉs working in thｅｆields、They have kept worｋing forｓｅveｒal hoｕrｓ. Ｎoboｄy madｅthem work for sｏlｏng。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
(一)
就近原则：1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.
=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
【主谓一致现象】
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：
Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道
就远原则
代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from
E.G：He rather than I is right.
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
就远原则
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
（二）
邻近原则(Proximity)
以eithe r…or, or, neither…nor和not only…but also，whether…or；not…but; not only…but also 等连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。
如：Either you or he has to go there with me.
由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。
如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
就远原则
1. as well as；
2.(together/along）with；
3. except; besides；
4. but；
5. including；
6. in addition to；
7. apart from
8. rather than；。