工商管理专业英语专业词汇汇总
最新工商管理专业英语专业词汇汇总

Unit oneformal organization 正式组织division of labor 劳动分工departmentalization 部门化delegation 授权stakeholders 利害相关者organizational chart 组织结构图flatter organization 扁平组织cash flow 现金流量trade credit 商业信用short-term loans 短期贷款commercial paper商业票据life insurance companies 人寿保险公司pension funds 退休基金bonds 债券stocks 股票unit twomacroeconomics 宏观经济学national income theory 国民收入理论inflation通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩the level of interest rates 利率水平international trade balance国际贸易平衡monetary policy 货币政策fiscal policy财政政策unemployment rate 失业率price index 价格指数the consumer price index 消费价格指数the producer price index 生产价格指数the GDP price deflator GDP 价格平减指数nominal GDP 名义GDPreal GDP实际GDPdisposable income 可支配收入transfer payment 转移支付substitution effect 替代效应income effect 收入效应equilibrium price均衡价格equilibrium output均衡产出oil embargo 石油禁运multiplier effect 乘数效应expansionary monetary policy扩张货币政策time lags 时滞unit fourindustrial organization theory 产业组织理论sustained competitive advantage 可持续竞争优势contingency theory 权变理论the board of directors 董事会information symmetry 信息对称resource-based theory 资源基础理论unit fivehuman resource management 人力资源管理recruitment 招聘piece rate 计件工资率merit pay绩效工资job analysis 工作分析psychological assessment 心理评估semi-structured interview 半结构化面试16PF 卡特尔16种人格因素测试performance appraisal 绩效评价unit sixAmerican marketing association 美国市场营销协会line function 生产性职能staff function 服务性职能promotional mix 促销组合personal selling 人员推销unit sevenconsumer behavior 消费者行为consumer decision process 消费决策过程market segmentation 市场细分target market 目标市场unit eightplastic money 信用卡electronic commerce 电子商务banner advertisement 条幅广告brick-and-mortar business model 传统的有固定经营场所的经营模式search products 搜索式产品experience products 体验式产品customer relationship management 顾客关系管理。
工商管理专业英语Unit 2 The Scope of Managem

整理课件
5
Glossary
• mission ['miʃən]
• n. 使命、任务、代表团 • v. 派遣、传教
• e.g. A starting point is to write a
mission statement that defines why
affordable transportation available to
every person. • 亨利· 福特设想制造出每个人都能负担得起
的交通工具。
整理课件
4
Glossary
• strive [straiv]
• v. 奋斗、努力 strive after/for为...奋 斗 strive toward 向...奋进
整理课件
10
Glossary
• interpersonal [.intə'pə:sənl]
• adj. 人与人之间的、人际关系的
• e.g. Managers also employ skills that
fall into three basic categories:
interpersonal,
Unit 2 The Scope of Management
整理课件tail [in'teil]
• v. 使必须、带来、伴随 • n. 限定继承权 • e.g. Management entails planning,
organizing, coordinating, leading, and controlling resources to efficiently reach these goals. • 管理需要计划、组织、协调、领导和控制 资源来有效地达到这些目标。
工商管理英语术语4页word文档

一、术语解释1、Budget deficit:The fiscal policy set by the government dictates the amount of tax revenue generated by the government andthe amount of governmental spending.If gvermment spending exceeds the amount of taxes,a budget deficit appears.2、Direct foreign investment(DFI):which is a means of acquiring or building subsidiaries in one or more foreign countries.3、Management :Management refers to the process of coordinating work activities so that the are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.4、Organizations :Organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve the goals or objectives that are important to these individuals.5、Strategy:A strategy is a course of action an organization plans to take or is taking to achieve its organizational goals with regards to the business environment. It involves taking a consistent approach over a pre-determined time.6、Vision:A company’s vision is its management's view and conclusions about the organization's long-term direction,business focus and future business scope.7、Competiive advantage:Competitive advantage refers to what sets an organization apart,i.e., what gives it its distinct edge.8、Franching:A franchise is an arrangement whereby a business owner ( called a franchiser )allows another ( the franchisee ) to use its trademark, trade name, or copyright, under specified conditions.二、词组翻译三、解释描述四、翻译五、希望以上资料对你有所帮助,附励志名言3条:六、1、生气,就是拿别人的过错来惩罚自己。
最新自考工商管理词汇表(整理版)

2021自考工商管理a great many 很多abolish vt.废除(法律,习惯等);取消above all 首先,首要abroad ad.到国外;在国外abuse vt./n.滥用,妄用;虐待,凌辱academic a.学院的,学会的;学术的accessible a.易接近的;易受影响的(to);可理解的accompany vt.伴随,陪同;为…伴奏accomplish vt.完成(任务等) accountability n.有解释义务;负有责任achievement n.完成,达到;成就,成绩acknowledge vt.承认;表示感谢acquire vt.获得,得到acronym n.首字母缩略词activate vt.使活动,使起作用actor n.男演员additional a.附加的,追加的;另外的adjust vt.调整,调节;校准adjustment n.调整administration n.管理,经营;行政,行政机关advantageous a.有利的,有助的adversely ad.相反地;不利地,有害地afflict vt.使苦恼,折磨aged a.年老的,老的Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名)alarm n.警报;惊恐vt.向…报警;打扰Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家)Alex la Guma 亚力克斯•拉顾玛(南非作家)Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德•哈奇逊(南非作家)Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德•怀特里德allege vt.断言,宣称alter vt./vi.改变,改动Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文•布朗斯坦(人名)amplifier n.放大器amusement n.娱乐,消遣anaesthetics n.麻醉学analyze vt.分析and the like 等等,诸如此类Andre Brink 安德烈•布林克(南非作家)Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁•福格森(人名)antithesis n.对偶,(修辞学)对句;对立,对立面apartheid n.种族隔离,种族隔离法appliance n.应用,适用;用具,器械applicant n.申请人,请求者appoint vt.任命,委任(as);约定,指定2021自考工商管理appointment n.任命;约会appreciate vt.欣赏,鉴赏;正确评价,鉴别;感激appreciation n.欣赏,鉴赏;正确评价;感激,感谢appropriate a.适合的,恰当的,相宜的approximate a.近似的,大约的v.近似,接近;使接近aptly ad.恰当地,贴切地;灵巧地argue vt./vi.争辨,争论,辩论;说服argument n.争论,辩论;论据,理由aristocracy n.贵族统治;贵族aristocratic a.贵族的;贵族式的Aristotle 亚里士多德Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名) arthquake n.地震as a rule 通常;一般说来as for 对于,至于as fresh as paint 精神饱满assault n.攻击,袭击;(军)冲击,突击,强击assemble vt.集合;装配vi.集合assembly n.集合;集会,与会者;装配,组装assignment n.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assumption n.假定,设想;承担,采取astronaut n.宇航员astronomer n.天文学家Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝at a disadvantage 处于不利地位at a guess 凭猜测at a stretch 连续不断地at ease 自在的,舒适的at present 现在;目前at sea 在海上,在航海中;迷惑,茫然attach vt.固定住,系;附加,隶属;使喜爱attacker n.攻击者attain vt.达到;完成attainment n.达到,到达;[常pl.]成就,造诣attendant n.侍者,服务员;出席者attitude toward(s) 对…的态度;意见attribute n.属性,特征;vt.把…归因与(to)Austria 奥地利automatic a.自动的;无意识的,机械的automatically ad.自动地;习惯性地automotive a.自动的,机动的;汽车的avail vt./vi.有利,有助n.好处,用处award vt.授予,判给n.判定;奖,奖品Bach 巴赫(德国作曲家)ballroom n.舞厅ban vt.禁止,取缔n.禁止;禁2021自考工商管理令barrier n.障碍;障碍物Basil D'Oliviera 贝兹尔•戴里维尔拉(南非板球运动员)basis n.基础,根据;主要成份;军事基地BBC 英国广播公司be beneficial to 对…有益be central to 对…极为重要的be concerned with 关于,涉及;忙于…;关心,关切be confronted with 面临,面对be contrary to 与…相反be deserving of 值得;应得be free from 没有…的;不受…的be incapable of 不会…,不能…be irrelevant to 与…不相干;不切题be opposed to 反对be relevant to 与…有关be subversive of 破坏…的be supposed to 应该be true of 符合于…,对…适用be unaware of 不知道…,没觉察到…be worth doing 值得做…Beatle [the Beatles]披头士摇滚乐队Beethoven 贝多芬(德国作曲家)belonging n.[常pl.]所有物;行李beloved a.为…所爱的;亲爱的n.心爱的人,爱人Berkeley 伯克利;加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校Berlioz 柏辽兹(法国作曲家,指挥家及音乐评论家)bias n.偏见v.[常用被动语态]有偏见binary a.二,双;二进制的n.双(体);联星biomedical a.生物医学的Birmingham 伯明翰(英格兰中部城市)birthrate n.出生率blindness n.无视,视而不见;盲目性Bloke Modisane 布娄克•莫狄森(南非作家)blues n.布鲁斯;慢四步舞Bob Dylan 鲍伯•狄伦bodily a.身体的,肉体的boring a.令人厌烦的boundary n.分界线,边界breadwinner n.养家糊口的人brightness n.明亮,晴朗;聪敏,机灵Briton n.大不列颠人;英国人budget n.预算vt.把…编入预算;安排,预定burden n.负担;责任,义务vt.使负重担;麻烦bus(s)ing n.公共汽车接送;[美]用校车接送学生by nature 生来,天生,就其本性而言cadre n.干部;基础结构2021自考工商管理calculation n.计算,计算结果;仔细考虑calculator n.计算者;计算器California 加利福尼亚(美国州名)Cambridge 剑桥;剑桥大学camera n.照相机,摄影机campaign n.战役;运动v.参加运动,参加竞选活动Camry 汽车牌名candidate n.候选人,候补者;应试者capture vt.捕获;夺得,占领n.捕获,捕获物cargo n.船货,货物cast vt.投,扔;投射;铸造n.投,掷;模具cease vt./vi./n.停止,结束Cees van Wendel de Joode 齐思•范•万德尔•德•尤德(人名)cell n.细胞;小房间,单人牢房certainty n.一定;必定Cesar Frank 弗兰克(法国比利时作曲家)character n.性格,品质;特性;人物;符号,(汉)字Charles Richter 查尔斯•里克特chess n.国际象棋Chile 智利chip n.片屑;薄片;电子集成电路片,芯片Cicely Saunders 茜西莉•桑德斯(人名)Cincinnati 辛辛那提(美国俄亥俄州西南部城市)circumstance n.[pl.]情况,环境;境遇circus n.马戏团,杂技团;马戏场,杂技场civil a.国民的,民用的;国内的,民间的Clare Bolderson 克莱尔•博尔德森(人名)clarification n.澄清,阐明classify vt.把…分类,把…分等级;把…列为classless a.无阶级的;不属于任何阶级的clavichord n.(音)击弦古钢琴clerk n.办事员,公务员;(美)店员Clinton 比尔•克林顿(BillClinton)clipboard n.带弹簧夹子的书写板cloudless a.无云的,晴朗的clutch vt./vi.抓住,握紧cobbler n.补鞋匠coin n.硬币,钱币vt.创造(新词)coincide vi.一致,相符(with)Colin Blackmore 科林•布莱克默(人名)collapse vt./vi./n.(使)倒塌,(使)崩溃;瓦解collectively ad.总体地;集体地coloured a.有色的coming a.正在到来的,即将来到的n.来到,到达communicator n.传播者,传播2021自考工商管理工作者community n.社区;共同体companion n.同伴,同事;[天]伴星(=~star)compassion n.同情;怜悯(for) compel vt.强迫(to) compensatory a.赔偿的,补偿的competition n.竞争;比赛competitive a.竞争的,比赛的competitor n.竞争者;对手completeness n.完整,圆满;完成,结束completion n.完成,结束;完满composer n.作曲家compulsion n.强制,强迫computerize vt.电子计算机化,用电子计算机计算conception n.概念,观念concerned a.有关的;关切的,担心的concession n.让步;特许权;租界,租界地concrete a.具体的;混凝土的n.混凝土vt.使凝固confront vt.面对,遭遇;正视,对抗congress n.国会,议会;参议院,上院congressman n.([复]congressmen) (美)国会议员conquer vt.征服,战胜vi.得胜,胜利Conrad Hilton 希尔顿(美国旅馆业巨头)consciousness n.意识,知觉;觉悟conservative a.保存的,防腐的;保守的,守旧的consideration n.考虑;体谅,照顾conspiracy n.阴谋,密谋;阴谋集团,阴谋帮派constant a.永恒的,经久不变的;经常的n.常数constitutional a.宪法上规定的;组成的,构成的constraint n.强制;强制因素,制约条件constructive a.建设的,建设性的contemplate vt.注视,凝视;沉思content a.满足的,满意的vt.使满意n.满足,满意contented a.满足的,满意的contest n.竞争,比赛;争夺,竞争;争论,争辩continued a.继续的,连续的contrary a.相反的,相对的,与…相反(to)conventional a.惯例的,常规的;(艺术等)因袭的convict vt.证明…有罪(of);宣判n.罪犯convince vt.使确认,使信服;使认识错误convincing a.有说服力的,使人2021自考工商管理信服的cope vi.对付,妥善处理(with) coronary a.冠的;冠状的n.冠状动脉correction n.改正,纠正;责备,惩罚correctness n.正确,正确性correlation n.相互关系,关联correspondence n.符合,一致;通信correspondent n.对应物;新闻通讯员,记者,通信者cortisol n.[生]皮质(甾)醇council n.理事会;委员会county n.(英国)郡;县crash a.紧急的,速成的creative a.创造性的creativity n.创造性crisis n.危机;决定性时刻criterion n.标准,准则critical a.批评(性)的;紧要的,关键性的,危急的criticism n.批评;评论crowd n.群,人群vi.聚集,群集curtail vt.截短,缩短;削减Danie Carluccio 丹尼尔•卡鲁齐奥(人名)datum n.([复]data)资料,材料;数据David Morton 大卫•莫顿(人名)day to day work 日常工作daydream vi./n.白日做梦daytime n.白天,日间debate vt./n.争论,辩论vi.对…进行争论,辩论Debussy 德彪西(法国作曲家)decay vi./vt.(使)腐朽,腐烂;衰变n.腐烂;衰败decline vi.下降;衰退vt.拒绝n.下降;衰落deem vt.认为,相信defective a.有缺点的;有缺陷的deficiency n.缺乏,不足define vt.解释,给…下定义;限定,规定definitive a.决定的,确定的;限定的,明确的degrade vt.降级,贬低;堕落;退化delightful a.令人高兴的;讨人喜欢的demand for 对…的要求democrat n.民主主义者,民主人士;民主党党员democratic a.民主的,民主主义的demographer n.人口学家demography n.人口统计学density n.密集度,稠密度;[物][化]密度deny vt.否定,否认;拒绝接受,拒绝给予dependency n.从属;依赖(on)deport vt.驱逐出境deprive vt.夺去,剥夺;使失去(of)deserving a.应得的,值得的(of)desirable a.称心的,合意的,理2021自考工商管理想的despite prep.尽管,任凭destination n.目的地,终点detail n.细节,详情vt.详述,详细说明deteriorate vt./vi.(使)恶化developmental a.发展的,开发的;促使成长的device n.装置,器械;方法,手段devotion n.献身,忠诚diabetes n.糖尿病differ vi.不同,相异(from);与…意见不同digital a.手指的,指状的;数字的,计数的digression n.离题;偏离diploma n.执照,特许证;毕业文凭,学位证书diplomat a.外交家;外交官disabled a.伤残的;使失去战斗力的disaffection n.不满disapproval n.不赞成;不许可discredit vt.使不可置信n.丧失信义;不信,怀疑discrepancy n.差异;不一致disorder n.混乱;失调,紊乱vt.使混乱;使失调distinct a.与其他不同的,独特的;明显的distract vt.分散(注意,心思等);使人分心distraction n.精神涣散,精神不集中;消遣,娱乐distractor n.分散注意力的东西district n.区,行政区;地区,区域District of Columbia (美) (D.C.)哥伦比亚特区ditch n.沟,沟渠vt./vi.开渠;筑渠diversified a.多样化的diversity n.多样性division n.分开,分割;除(法);部门,科,处divisive a.造成不和的,制造分裂的domestic adj.家庭的,家务的;国内的n.家仆,佣人dominance n.优势,控制,统治dominant a.占优势的;支配的Don Claxton 唐•克莱克斯顿(人名)donation n.捐献;赠送dose n.(一次)剂量dozen n.一打,十二个;十来个,十几个dreamer n.做梦的人;空想家dreamlike a.梦一般的,梦幻的drift n.漂流;趋势,倾向vi./vt.(使)漂流;漂泊duel n./vi.决斗;(双方的)斗争duration n.持续;持续时间Dutch a.荷兰人的;荷兰语的n.荷兰人;荷兰语Dutchman n.([复]Dutchmen)荷兰人dwarf n.矮子;[天]矮星2021自考工商管理dynamo n.[电]发电机;精力,精力充沛的人earning n.警告;警报a.警告的eastern a.东方的,东部的;向东方的,来自东方的eclecticism n.折衷主义economics n.[用作单或复]经济学;经济情况,经济economy n.经济;节约Edgar Varese 瓦雷兹(法裔美国作曲家)effect on 对…的作用efficiency n.效率;功效,效能,实力efficiently ad.效率高地;有能力地effortless a.不作努力的;不费力的,容易的elderly a.较老的,人过中年的n.近老年人election n.选举;选举权electoral a.选举的electorate n.全体选民;选区electronic a.电子的electronics n.[复][用作单]电子学eliminate vt.排除,消灭elite n.精英,杰出人物a.杰出的,精英的elitist n.杰出人物a.杰出人物(统治论)的elsewhere ad.在别处;向别处elude vt.(巧妙地)逃避,躲避elusive a.躲避的;难以捉摸的,难以理解的emergency n.紧急情况;突发事件employee n.雇员,雇工employment n.使用;雇佣;职业,工作encounter vt./vi.遭遇,遇到n.遭遇,冲突;偶然相见enhance vt.提高;增强enjoyable a.愉快的;快乐的;有趣的enrol(l)ment n.登记,接收,招生;招收人数,入学人数ensure vt.保证,担保entity n.存在,实体;统一性entrance n.进入;入口,门口;入场,入会,入学entry n.进入;入口;登记,条目,账目equilibrium n.平衡,均衡,相称;均势;平静equivalent a.相等的;等价的n.等价(物);对应词error n.谬误;错误eruption n.(火山)喷发;(战争,感情等)爆发,迸发escalator n.自动扶梯escape vi./vt.逃跑;避免n.逃跑;逃路,出口establishment n.建立,创办;机构esteem vt./n.尊敬,尊重ethics n.伦理学;伦理观,道德标准euthanasia n.无痛楚的死亡;安2021自考工商管理乐死evaluate vt.估价,评价eventual a.最后的,结局的evident a.明显的,明白的evolve vt.使发展,推论vi.进展;进化excellence n.优秀,杰出exceptional a.例外的;异常的,特殊的excerpt n.摘录,节录vt.摘,引用excessive a.过多的,过分的excitement n.刺激;兴奋excretion n.排泄;分泌execute vt.实行,执行,完成,贯彻;将…处死exert vt.尽(力);施加(压力等);行使(职权等)expansion n.扩张;膨胀expectation n.期待;估计寿命experiential a.经验的;凭经验的experimental a.实验的;经验的explode vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸;突发exploit vt.开发,开采;利用;剥削expose vt.使暴露,使面临;揭露,揭发extension n.伸张,伸展,扩大;电话分机extent n.广度,范围;程度external a.外在的,在外的eyeball n.眼球eyewitness n.目击者;见证人fade vi.凋谢,枯萎;(颜色)褪去vt.使褪色faithfully ad.忠诚地;如实地far-fetched a.牵强的;未必会的,靠不住的fault n.缺点,毛病;错误,过失;[地]断层fearful a.可怕的,吓人的;害怕的,胆怯的feasible a.可行的,可能的Ferris Greenlet 费里斯•格林里特(人名)fiercely ad.凶猛地,凶残地;猛烈地Filipino n.菲律宾人(语) a.菲律宾人的;菲律宾的finance n.财政,金融;经费,资金fireman n.消防队员flee vi./vt.(fled,fled)逃离;逃避flexible a.柔韧的,柔顺的;可变通的,灵活的flight n.飞行,飞翔;航班,班机;逃跑,溃退Florence Nightingale 南丁格尔fluctuate vi.波动,起伏;动摇vt.使波动,使起伏fluctuation n.波动,起伏focal n.焦点的fold vt./vi.折叠;对折n.褶(痕)folk n.人们;[口]家属,亲属a.民间的foolishness n.愚蠢;可笑2021自考工商管理foolproof a.连傻子都懂的;不会出毛病的for the sake of 为了…之好处;为了…的目的fore ad.在前面a.先前的;在前部的n.前部forecast vt.预测,预报;预示foreigner n.外国人formerly ad.以前,从前foster vt.鼓励,促进;养育a.收养的founder n.创始者;缔造者frame n.构架,框架France 法兰西,法国Francis Bacon 培根Franz Schubert 舒伯特(奥地利作曲家)Frederick W.T aylor 弗雷德里克•泰勒freshman n.新手,生手;大学一年级学生fruitful a.有成果的,有收获的functional a.功能的;职务上的;实用的galaxy n.[天]星系,[G-]银河系gamble vi./vt.赌博;打赌;投机n.赌博;冒险gang n.一队,一族;一群,一帮gap n.裂口,裂缝Garm 加尔姆(俄国城市)gathering n.聚集;集会George Bush 乔治•布什George McGovern 乔治•麦戈文George Wallace 乔治•华莱士Georgia 佐治亚(美国州名)Gesualdo 杰苏阿尔多(意大利作曲家)giant n.巨人;巨物,巨大的动物a.巨大的Giuseppe Verdi 威尔弟(意大利作曲家,作歌剧30余部)glitter vi.闪闪发光,闪烁n.闪光goal n.目的,目标;得分进球,球门going n.进行状况a.进行中的;现行的goings and comings 来往;活动,发生的事grab vt./n.攫取;抓取vi.攫取;抓住(at)graduate v.(使)(大学)毕业n.大学毕业生,研究生grant vt.同意;准予n.同意,授予;拨款gravity n.严肃,认真;重要性;[物]重力grayscale 灰度grip vt./n.紧握,紧夹;掌握,控制grouse n.松鸡Guam 关岛(美国在西太平洋的重要海、空军基地)Guatemala 危地马拉guilt n.有罪;内疚guitar n.六弦琴,吉他habitual a.习惯性的,习以为常2021自考工商管理的;惯常的Haicheng 海城(中国辽宁省城市)handle n.柄,把手vt.运用,操纵;经营,管理Hannah Arendt 汉纳•阿伦特(人名)harmony n.协调,和谐;融洽,一致Harry Emerson Fosdick 福斯迪克Harry S. Truman 杜鲁门(美国第33任总统)Harvard (美国)哈佛大学headmaster n.(中学或小学的)校长headquarters n.司令部,指挥部;总部,总店healthcare n.保健heartbreaking a.使人心碎的hell n.地狱,阴间;用以咒骂或表示愤怒,不满Henry Kaiser 凯泽(美国实业家) hiker n.徙步旅行者hinder vt.阻止;妨碍(from)hormonal a.荷尔蒙的,激素的hospice n.(晚期病人)收容所House n.[英]议院housekeeper n.管理家务的主妇;女管家How come...? 怎么会…?Hugo Wolf 沃尔夫(奥地利作曲家)humanistic a.人文主义的,人本主义的,人道主义的humanity n.个性,博爱,仁慈;人类Huntsville 亨茨维尔(城市名,位于阿拉巴马州北部)hysterical a.癔病的,歇斯底里的;患癔病的identity n.同一,一致;身份,本体illegal a.非法的;违规的illusion n.错觉;幻觉illustration n.说明;例证,插图imitator n.模仿者immigrant a.移民的,侨民的n.移民,侨民immigration n.移居;外来的移民impact n.冲击,碰撞;影响vt.装紧,压紧impact on 对…之影响impart vt.把…分给;给予(to)imperative a.绝对必要的;命令的,强制的;祈使的implement vt.实现;完成;履行implication n.含意,暗示;牵连,涉及,卷入impoverished a.贫困的,赤贫的improvise vt.即兴创作;临时准备,临时凑成in a sense 在某种意义上in advance 在前面;预先in between 在中间;每间隔;在…期间2021自考工商管理in favour of 赞成,支持;为…的利益,有利于in hand 手头上有in large measure 很;大半;大部分in one's mind's eye 在脑海里in other words 换句话说in part 部分地,在某种程度上in power 掌权的,执政的in question 正被谈论的in reality 实际上,事实上in return 作为回报in series 串联电路的;成串联的in that 在于,原因是in the running 参赛,参加竞选in the strict sense 在严格的意义上in the way 挡路;碍事in time 及时;终于in unison 完全一致地in vain 无效地;无结果地;徒然inactive a.不活动的;不活跃的incapable a.无能力的;不能的(of)incidence n.影响程度,影响范围;发生率inconsiderate a.不替别人考虑的;不体谅人的increasingly ad.不断增加地indication n.指示,表示;象征,迹象indifference n.冷漠;不感兴趣(to)individual n.个人,个体,独立单位a.个人的;个别的individualistic a.个人主义(者)的inefficiency n.无效;效能差inefficient a.无效的;效率低的inevitable a.不可避免的,必然(发生)的inevitably ad.不可避免地,必然地infant n.婴儿,幼儿a.婴儿的,幼儿的infiltrate vt./vi.渗入,透过;浸润infinitely ad.无限地,无穷地inflexible a.不可弯曲的;不可改变的,固执的inflict vt.使遭受(损伤,苦痛等),使承受(on,upon)influence on 对…的影响infrastructure n.基础;基础结构infrequent a.很少发生的inhumane a.不人道的,残忍的initial a.最初的,开始的;词首的n.首字母injection n.注射;注射剂,针剂inner a.内部的,里面的;思想的n.内部;里面inspire vt.鼓舞;使产生灵感install vt.安装instantaneously ad.瞬间地;即刻地instrument n.仪器;乐器integrate vt./vi.使结合,使并入;使成一体2021自考工商管理intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的,理智的intensity n.强烈,剧烈interchangeable a.可交换的;可互换的internal a.内部的,内在的;国内的interstate a.[主美]州际的interview vt./n.面谈,采访;面试,口试interviewer n.接见者;面谈者intimidate vt.恐吓,恫吓invariably ad.不变地inventor n.发明者,创造者investment n.投资;(时间,精力的)投入irrelevant a.不相干的,离题的,与…不相干irresponsible a.无责任感的,不负责任的Isaac Newton 牛顿(英国物理学家,数学家和天文学家)It goes without saying that 不言而喻,理所当然ivy n.常青藤James Carville 詹姆斯•卡维尔jaw n.颔,颚jazz n.爵士乐Jefferson Airplane 杰弗逊飞机(美国摇滚乐队名)Jerome Singer 杰罗姆•辛格(人名)jet n.喷射;喷嘴;喷气式飞机,喷气发动机Jimmy Carter 吉米•卡特Joan Freyberg 琼•弗雷伯格(人名)Johannes Brahms 勃拉姆斯(33-97年,德国作曲家)John Anderson 约翰•安德森John Foster Dulles 杜勒斯(美国国务卿)John Major 约翰•梅杰(前英国首相)John Rae 约翰•雷(人名)Johnson 约翰逊(美国第36任总统)jounalism n.新闻业;[总称]报刊;新闻学junction n.连接,结合;结合点,交叉点juvenile a.青少年的n.青少年Kathleen Weinstein 凯思琳•温斯坦(人名)kid vt./vi./n.戏弄,开玩笑;欺骗,哄骗kindergarten n.幼儿园kingdom n.王国;领域Kumari 库马里(人名)kwashiorkor n.[医]恶性营养不良症La Traviata 茶花女(威尔第的歌剧名)laborer n.劳动者;工人lag vi.走得慢,落后n.落后,滞后largely ad.大量地;主要地launch vt.发射;使(船)下水n.发射,(船)下水2021自考工商管理leadership n.领导;[总称]领导人员leading a.领导的,指引的;最重要的,主要的leaflet n.小叶,嫩叶;传单,活页leap v./n.(leapt或leaped)跳跃;飞跃legal a.法律上的;合法的legislate vi.立法vt.通过立法legislation n.立法;法律,法规lengthen vt.使延长vi.变长,延伸lesser a.较小的;更少的;次要的lethal a.致死的liability n.责任,义务;债务,负债;不利条件liberty n.自由,自由权;冒昧,失礼;特许权,特权lighting n.照明,照明设备light-sensitive a.光敏的limitless a.无限制的,无限的link n.环节,联系vt.用环连接;联系Lionel Ngakane 莱昂内尔•恩卡纳(南非演员)literal a.精确的,如实的;逐字的,字面的litter n.干草;杂乱无章;一窝(仔畜) vt.铺草Little Rock 小石城(美国阿肯色州首府)location n.定位,测位;位置,场所logic n.逻辑(学);逻辑性,条理性;理由,道理longshoreman n.码头装卸工人loom vi.隐隐呈现;逼近loose a.松的,宽的;宽松;放荡的lovable a.可爱的,讨人喜欢的loyalty n.忠诚;忠心lvy League 常春藤联合会;名牌大学的Lydia Garcia 莉迪亚•加西亚(人名)maid n.少女;侍女,女仆majority n.多数,大半;多数党,多数派maker n.制造者;制造商maladjustment n.失调;不适应环境manageable a.易管理的managerial a.经理的,管理人的;管理上的,经营上的Manitou Park 曼尼托公园mankind n.[用作单或复]人类manual a.手的,用手(操作)的;体力的n.手册marble n.弹子;大理石a.大理石的,大理石般的marvel(l)ous a.奇异的,惊人的;[口]了不起的,妙极的materialism n.[哲]唯物主义,唯物论;物质至上measurement n.衡量,测量mechanism n.[机]机构,机2021自考工商管理制;作用过程merchant n.商人merit n.优点,长处;功绩,功劳merry a.欢乐的,愉快的Michael LaSane 麦克尔•拉森(人名)microcassette n.微型卡式录音带microscopic a.显微镜的;微观的;微小的,细微的mid-afternoon a.下午三点左右的Middletown 米道镇(镇名) midst n.中间,当中prep.(=amidst)在…当中Milky Way 银河;银河系(=Milky Way galaxy)Milton Kramer 弥尔顿•克莱默(人名)miniature n.缩样,小型物a.微型的,小型的minimum n.最小量;最低限度a.最小的;最低的miniskirt n.超短裙Miriam Makeba 末丽亚姆•马齐巴(南非演员)miserable a.悲惨的;可怜的mislead vt.把…带错路,使…错或做错misleading a.引入歧途的;使人误解的moderate a.中等的,适度的;温和的,有节制的moderation n.温和,适度;缓和,减轻modest a.谦虚的,谦恭的;适中的,不过分的mold n.(=mould)模子;模型vt.用模子做,浇铸monopolize v.垄断;专卖monopoly n.垄断;专卖motivate vt.作为…的动机,激发motivation n.动机;动力Moussorgsky 穆索尔斯基(俄国作曲家)moving a.活动的,移动的;动人的,令人感动的multimedia a.多种手段的;多媒体的n.多媒体multiple a.多样的,复合的n.倍数muse vt./vi./n.沉思,冥想musically ad.在音乐方面;好听地;悦耳地musician n.音乐家;作曲家namely ad.即,也就是Nat Nakasa 纳特•纳卡萨(南非作家)nationwide a.全国性的ad.在全国范围内neat a.整洁的;简洁的;整齐的need for 对…的需要negative a.否定的;负的,阴性的n.底片;负数neglect vt.忽视,忽略;疏忽n.忽略;疏忽negotiation n.谈判,协商Negro n.黑人a.黑人的2021自考工商管理network n.[纺]网眼织物;网状物,网络neutral a.中立的;中性的neutron n.[物]中子New Jersey 新泽西州(美国州名)no other...than 除…外没有,只有;正是,就是nominate vt.提名;任命;命名nomination n.提名;任命nominee n.被提名者;被任命者Northern 北爱尔兰northwestern a.在西北的,向西北的;来自西北的not (never) for a moment 通常;多半not that... 并不是说notebook n.笔记本notion n.概念;想法,看法nourishment n.滋补品,营养品now that (连词)既然,由于objective n.目标,目的a.客观的;无偏见的obscure a.昏暗的;模糊的vt.使暗,遮掩;使难理解observatory n.天文台;了望台observer n.遵守者,奉行者;观察者,监视者occupation n.占领;占有;职业Ocean County 县名of...importance 有…重要性of...interest 有…兴趣of...value 有…价值Ohio 俄亥俄州(美国州名)old-boy n.老同学;(招呼用)老朋友,老弟,老兄on and off 不时;断断续续地,间歇地on average 平均on occasion 有时,间或on one's head 归罪于某人,(责任)落到某人身上on the alert 警戒,处于戒备状态on the contrary 相反地on the part of 就…而言ongoing a.进行中的,前进的operate v.运转,起作用;动手术;操作;经营oppose vt.反对,反抗;使相对,使对抗(to)opposition n.反对,反抗;对立,意见相反opt vi.抉择,选择(for),在…之间选择optimal a.最适宜的;最理想的organizational a.组织(上)的originate vi./vt.发源;发生,发起out of power 丧失权力out of step 步伐不一致;不协调outcome n.结果,结局;出路,出口outer a.外部的output n.产量;输出outrage n.暴行;愤慨vt.对…施暴;激怒overcome vt.战胜;克服overestimate vt.过高估计;过2021自考工商管理高评价oversupply vt./n.过多供应overturn vt./n.打翻;推翻,颠覆,毁灭vi.翻身overwhelming a.压倒之势的ownership n.拥有;所有权,所有制Oxbridge 牛津大学和剑桥大学;该校之学生Oxford 牛津;牛津大学p.a. system (=public address) system有线广播系统painful a.痛苦的;费力的painstaking a.苦干的;费力的painter n.漆工;画家Palestrina 帕莱斯特里纳(意大利作曲家)palm n.手掌panel n.专门小组paradox n.似非而可能是的论点;自相矛盾的话paralyse vt.使麻痹,使瘫痪;使无力,使气馁parenting n.父母对孩子的养育parliament n.议会,国会;[P-]议会parliamentary a.议会的,国会的partial a.偏袒的,偏心的,对…偏袒;部分的participant n.参加者a.参与的participation n.参加,参与partly ad.部分地;在一定程度上passive a.被动的;消极的passport n.护照paternalistic a.家长式统治的;家长作风的peaceful a.平静的,安宁的;和平的,和平方式的penetrating a.穿透的,贯穿的;深刻的,透彻的perchance ad.[古]偶然,意外地;可能,或许performance n.执行;表现,工作性能;演出,演奏periodicity n.周期性,间发性permissive a.容许的,许可的;随意的,开放的persist vi.坚持,固执(in);持续,存留persistently ad.坚持地;固执地personality n.个性;人格;品格personnel n.全体人员,全体职员;人事(部门)perspective n.透视,透视画法;远景,展望;观点,看法persuasion n.说服,劝服pervasive a.弥漫的,渗透的;遍布的pet n.宠物,爱畜a.宠爱的,表示亲昵的pharmacological a.药物学的,药理学的photocopy vt./n.复印,影印;照相复制本phrase n.短语,词语;习惯用语physiological a.生理的,生理学的physiology n.生理学2021自考工商管理planet n.行星plantation n.种植园,大农场;植树造林plateau n.([复]plateaus或plateaux)高原plea n.请求,恳求;托词pledge v.发誓;保证n.誓言,誓约;抵押品plenty of 大量的;丰富的plus prep.加,加上a.正的;附加的poet n.诗人point of view 观点polio n.[医]脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症poll n.选举;民意测验vt.得到选票vi.投票portray vt.描绘;描写;描述positive a.确实的;积极的,肯定的;正的,阳性的possess vt.具有,拥有possession n.有,拥有;[常pl.]占有物;财产postgraduate a.大学毕业后的,大学研究院的n.研究生precede vt.先于…,比…优先vi.在前面,领先precedent n.先例,前例Precious Mackenzie 普莱舍斯•麦肯齐(南非举重运动员)predict vt./vi.预言;预示preliminary a.预备的;初步的n.初试;预赛prescribe vt.指示,规定;开处方,开药presidency n.总统(或校长)职务(职权,任期);管辖presidential a.总统(校长)的;总统(校长)职务的prevail vi.胜过;流行,盛行prevalent a.流行的,普通的primarily ad.首先,起初;首要地,主要地prime a.最初的,基本的;主要的;最好的Princeton (美国)普林斯顿大学private a.私人的;私营的;秘密的,私下的privilege n.特权vt.给予…特权proceeding n.程序,进程;项目,活动,会议文集productivity n.生产率;丰饶,多产profession n.职业(尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的)profitability n.赚钱,获得profound a.深刻的,浑奥的profusion n.丰富,大量;过分progressive a.进步的,先进的;渐次的,累进的prohibition n.禁止;禁令project n.设计,规划;项目vt.方案,计划;投射prolong vt.延长;拉长promote vt.促进,发扬;提升,升级;发起,创办promotion n.促进;提升proof n.证据,证明;校样proportion n.比率,比例vt.使2021自考工商管理成比例,使相称prosecute vt.对…起诉,告发prosecutor n.起诉人;检察官,公诉人prospect n.展望,景象;[常pl.]前景,前程prospective a.预期的;未来的provision n.供应,供应品;条款,规定;给养psychology n.心理学;心理publish vt.出版,刊印;公布,发表punishment n.处罚,罚,刑罚;折磨,损害punk n.(俚)阿飞;朋克a.颓废派的pursue vt.追赶;追求,寻求;进行,从事queue n.辫子;列队vi.排队(for)quicksand n.流沙rabbit n.兔racial a.种族的racist n.种族主义者a.种族主义的;种族歧视的radiation n.放射,发光;放射物,辐射线,辐射能radioactive a.[原]放射性的;放射引起的radium n.镭radon n.氡rating n.等级,规格;(电视)收视率raw a.未煮过的,生的;未加工的readily ad.乐意地;很快地,容易地readjustment n.再整理,再调整realistic a.现实的,实际的;现实主义的recognition n.认出;承认,公认recorder n.记录者;录音机recruit vt./vi.征募(新兵),吸收;补充n.新成员reduction n.减少,减小;降级,降职;归纳,归并refine vt./vi.提纯,精制;使改进,变优雅refinement n.精炼,精制reflection n.反射,反映,映像;深思,考虑regeneration n.新生,再生,复兴regrow vt.再生长,重新生长regulate vt./n.管理;调节regulatory a.规章的;调节的reinforce vt.增援,支援;加强,增加reinforcement n.增强,加固;强化re-introduction n.重新采用,重新引入rejection n.拒绝,抵制;驳回relaxation n.松弛,放松;缓和,减轻;休养relevant a.贴切的,中肯的;与…有关的(to)reliability n.可靠性。
工商管理专业英语

工商管理专业英语第一篇:工商管理专业英语工商管理专业英语重点一.名词解释:1.whatisamanager?答:Amanager is a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the organization’s goals.2.What is the difference between middle managers and first-line managers?答:The heavier emphasis onmanaging group performance and allocating resources represent the most important differences between first-line ang middle managers.3.How can you characterize top-managers’ work?答:Top managers spend most of their day(over 75 percent)planning and leading.pressures and demands on top managers can be intense.4.What is the one of natural outcomes of outsourcing?答:Modular corporations come into being.二.选词填空1.Adrian was in charge of theallocation of available funds.2.Our firm is orientedtowards the export side of the business.3.The on-time delivery of goods is required in the contract.4.Thegraphic displays will be heloful to illustrate the increase of the output.panies cannot survive fierce competition without innovativepersonnels.6.Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job.7.The CEO and other high-level executives are often referred to as top management.8.The tasks that managers do include planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling the work of anorganization.9.Functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area,such as accounting,humanresources,sales,finance,marketing,or production.10.general managers areresponsiblefor the operations of a more complex unit,such as a company or a division.11.He carried out a number offraudson trusting people who lent him money..12.He would not havesucceeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur.13.They could not tell the commcnding officer from his subordinates.14.The two old rivals vie for the frist place.15.Some people cannot be trusted to work wihout supervision.16.Half of the medical supplies have already beenallocated to the victims of the earthquake.17.Can youdifferentiatethis kind of rose from the others?18.The factory haslaid offworkers because of the drop in sales.19.They were blame for their failure to hold downexpenditure.20.The companyhas slashed the costs of the project in order to seize the last chance to survive.21.The company is trying todiversify its range of products so that they can get more market shares.22.Mr.Black realized that his company was in dire straits and it went beyond him to deal with the whole situation.23.Tom, my next door neighbor, isexemptform military service because of his poor health.24.With the economic environment improved , his company’s sale in that area is getting less susceptible to the crisis.25.Mr.White declared that he was notli able for his partner’s debts.26.The employees sued their manager for breach of contract.27.If we cannot keep on holding the edge in the services, we’ll lose our share in market.28.Nowadays, the manufacturing industry cannotmake do without services.29.T o merge or not to merge—that’s the question.The board of the company hasdeferred the decision to do it.30.A country’sinfrastructureservices must develop with its economic growth because no advanced society can be without these services.31.三.翻译英译汉:1.Sometimes, though, a first-line manager is a recent college graduate who is responsible for the work of both hourly employees and professionals.Such a first-line manager is likely to have little hands-on ck of experience isn’t a problem if the new manager is willing to learn and has the competence to communicate with diverse types of people , to coach and counsel subordinates, and to provide constructive constructive feedback.答;然而有时一个第一线经理是新来的大学毕业生,负责管理计时雇员和专业人员的工作。
工商英语重点词汇及句子

一、专业词汇sub-process 子系统子过程company life cycle企业生命周期customer satisfaction顾客满意度cash flow现金流commercial paper商业汇票national income theory国民收入理论prince index价格指数aggregate supply总供给trade barriers贸易壁垒deflation通货膨胀compensatory damage补偿性赔偿limited partnership有限合伙制the internal revenue code国内税务法规internet economy互联网经济tangible and intangible assets有形和无形资产psychological assessment心理测评contingency theory权变理论information symmetry信息对称sustained competitive advantage持续竞争优势administrative assistant行政助理information flow信息流daily management日常管理strategic plan战略规划trade credit商业信贷aggregate economic analysis总量经济分析nation’s aggregate income and output国家总收入和总产出market economy市场经济customer prince index消费者价格指数aggregate demand总需求sanction of a society社会控制机制punitive damage惩罚性损失赔偿intangible entity无形实体publicly held corporation公开招募性公司article of corporation公司章程by-low议事程序stock certificate股权证明resource-based theory基于资源的理论rare resource稀有资源functional-level strategy职能层战略二、重点句子1. We hedge on this issue because an individual could possess the raw materials, production capabilities, and provide the end product for personal use and therefore exist as a business of one.我们之所以避开这个话题,是因为个人也可以拥有原材料、生产能力并提供最终产品供个人使用,因此也可以作为一个企业存在2. Economists are interested in being able to measure both the level of output of an economy and changes in that output level over time。
工商管理专业英语

affordable adj. 支付得起的、不太昂贵的 v. afford 担负得起、提供、给予 affordable housing 经济适用房
3. 3. Focus: specific regional market or customer groups
Managerial Structure
First-line managers middle managers
top managers
Strategic goals
tactical objectives operational objectives
adj. 客观的、真实的、目标的
Management pyramid 管理金字塔、管理组织结构 Top managers 高层管理者(通常包括CEO, COO, CFO, CIO等) Strategic goals 战略目标(全局的、总体的目标) Middle managers 中层管理者(通常包括部门经理、分公司经理等) Tactical objectives 战术目标(部门的目标、服从于strategic
New Manager
1.Thinks of self as sponsor(发起者主 办 者 ) , team leader, or internal consultant(顾问). 2.Deals with anyone necessary to get the job done. 3.Changes organizational structures in response to market change. 4.Invites others to join in decision making. 5.Shares information.
工商管理英语词汇

Unit 1Fortune Magazine 财富杂志500---topenterprises 500强企业Organizational settings/structure 组织设置/设计Organizational goal 组织目标Common goal 共同目标for-profit companies 盈利性公司non-profit companies 非盈利性组织Market share 市场份额Manager 经理General Manager 总经理Deputy General Manager 副总经理Department manager 部门经理Product manager 产品经理Account manager 财务经理Plant manager 工厂经理Division manager 分部经理District manager 区域经理Task force manager 业务经理CEO: Chief executives officer 首席执行官Chief knowledge officer 首席培训官Chief information officer 首席信息官President 总裁Managing director 常务董事Supervisor 督导员Coach 培训员insurance agent 保险业务员stockbroker 股票经济人accountant 会计师lawyer 律师famous brand 名牌managerial competencies 管理能力revenue 营业收益scope of management 管理幅度quality control 质量控制communication competency 沟通能力empower 授权goods and services 商品和服务Unit 2level of management 管理层次first-line manager 一线经理/基层管理者steel production plant 钢铁生产厂sales manager 销售经理dealership 经销(商)telemarketing center 电话营销中心parts 零件settle disputes 解决争端overtime 加班inspect products 检验产品technical expertise 专业技术day-to-day task 日常工作middle management 中层管理者nonmanagerial personnel 非管理人员director of finance 财务主任receptionist 接待员stuff assistant 助理人员evaluation criteria 评估标准performance 业绩delegate 授权mission 宗旨government negotiation 政府谈判community affairs 社区事务business competition 商业竞争managerial thoughts 管理思想restructuring of organization 企业重组merger 合并downsize 缩小规模lay off 使…下岗;解雇decentralization 分散决策bureaucracy 官僚作风layers of hierarchy 机构层次improve customer relations 改善客户关系human resource 人力资源authoritarian management 独裁主义管理self-management 自我管理autonomous companies 独立公司outsourcing 外包modular corporation 组件公司apparel company 服装公司strategic decisions 战略决策unit cost of production 单位生产成本overhead 一般管理费用competitive advantage 竞争优势strategic alliance 战略联盟reap benefits 获得收益biotechnology 生化技术pharmaceuticals 制药业economics 经济学economic behavior 经济行为scarcity 稀缺性individual decisionmaking 个人决策tradeoff 交换关系efficiency 效率equity 公平opportunity cost 机会成本rational people 理性人margin 边际MR marginal revenue 边际收益MC marginal cost 边际成本MU marginal utility 边际效用incentives 激励competitors and partners 竞争对手和贸易伙伴supply 供给demand 需求economic equilibrium 经济均衡change in demand 需求的变动change in supply 供给的变动Change in quantity demanded 需求量的变动change in quantity supplied 供给量的变动preference 偏好factors of production 生产要素surplus 剩余shortage 短缺theory of the firm 公司理论perfect competition 完全竞争price-taker 价格的接受者price-setter 价格的制定者monopoly 垄断oligopolistic 寡头垄断competitive monopoly 垄断竞争TC total cost 总成本TFC total fixed cost 总固定成本TVC total variable cost 总可变成本ATC average total cost 平均总成本AFC average fixed cost 平均固定成本A VC average variable cost 平均可变成本market economy 市场经济factor market 要素市场invisible hand 看不见的手value of a good 商品价值welfare of the society 社会福利market failure 市场失灵government intervention 政府干预externality 外部性external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本market power 市场权利public goods 公共物品standard of living 生活水平inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩CPI: consumer price index 消费价格指数budget deficit 预算赤字minimum-wage laws 最低工资法trade union 工会financial market 金融市场economic policymaker 经济政策制定者Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲线equitable distribution 平均分配personal income tax 个人所得税welfare system 福利制度health care 医疗national income account 国民收入帐户expenditure approach 支出法GDP 国内生产总值capital goods 资本品capital stock 资本存货transfer payment 转移支付government bonds 政府债券tax evasion 偷税、漏税frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业structural unemployment 结构性失业cyclical unemployment 周期性失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业primary responsibility 主要责任planning framework 计划框架read future 解读未来management by objectives 目标管理set goals 设定目标develop action plan 指定行动计划review progress 检查进展情况quality goals 质量目标periodic review/check up 定期检查appraise overall performance 评价总体绩效safety problem 安全问题quarterly safety reports 每季度安全报告single-use plan 一次性计划standing plans 常备计划quality planning 质量计划shewhart cycle shewhart循环service quality 服务质量contingency plan 应变计划scenario 方案corporate goals 公司目标planning time horizon 计划时间范围performance appraisal system 业绩评估体系emergency budget 紧急预算flexibility 灵活性adaptability 适应性system of safety recognition 安全认定系统line supervisor 基层管理者commendation letter 表彰信corporate values 公司价值观念market standing 市场定位mission statement 企业宗旨说明learning organization 学习型组织top-down approach 自上而下制定计划法bottom-up approach 自下而上制定计划法long-range planning 长期计划Organizing 组织restructure 结构重组deployment of resources 资源配置mechanism for coordinating 协作机制decision responsibility 决策职责hierarchical level 组织层极span of managers’ control 经理管理职权vertical control 纵向控制work specialization 工作专业化division of labor 劳动分工chain of command 指令链unity of command 指令唯一性delegation 授权tyrants 独裁者accountability 承担责任line authority 业务权力staff authority 职能权力line department 业务部门staff department 职能部门centralization 集中决策decentralization 分散决策formalization 规范化rule books 规章手册job description 工作观念vertical functional approach 纵向管理divisional approach 分层管理horizontal matrix 横向矩阵结构team-based approach 任务组管理network approach 组件管理divisional structure 分层管理结构product structure 产品机构program structure 项目结构self-contained unit structure 自己自足的单位结构geographic structure 地区性管理结构autonomous business 独立自治企业medium-sized corporation 中型企业dual/two lines of authority 双重领导product line 产品业务key matrix roles 矩阵管理中的关键作用cross-functional team 跨功能工作组virtual network 虚拟组件final assembly 成品组装leading 领导motivation 激励Need theories 需求理论Hierarchy of needs theory 需求层次理论Two-factor theory 双因素理论Process theories 过程型理论Expectancy theory 期望理论Goal-setting theory 目标设置理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Motivation process 激励过程Content theories 内容型理论Physiological needs 生理需求Safety needs 安全需求Belongingness needs 归属需求Esteem needs 尊重需求Self-actualization needs 自我实现需求Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需求Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需求Need for power (nPow) 权力需求position power 职位权力legitimate power 法理权力reward power 奖赏权力coercive power 惩罚权力personal power 个性化权力expert power 专业技能权力referent power 禀性相关权力Equity theory 公平理论charismatic leadership 个人魅力型领导autocratic leader 独断/专断型领导democratic leader 民主型领导authoritarian management 极权型领导centralize authority 集权supportive leadership 支持型领导directive leadership 指导型领导participative leadership 参与型领导achievement-oriented leadership 业绩导向型领导transformational leadership 变革型领导transactional leadership 运作型领导servant leadership 公仆型领导organizational settings 组织结构/设置shared vision 共识design structure 设计企业结构Unit 9control process 控制过程control system 控制系统strategic control 战略控制tactical control 战术控制operational control 作业控制organizational control 企业控制feedforward control 事前控制concurrent control 事中控制feedback control 事后控制budget and financial controls 预算和财务控制liguidity ratios 流动比率activity ratios 业绩比率profitability ratios 利润率leverage tatios 杠杆比率expense budget 支出预算capital budget 资本预算revenue budget 收入预算cash budget 现金预算market control 市场控制overcontrol 过度控制undercontrol 控制不足bureaucratic control 层级管理方法decentralization control 权力下放/分权管理self-discipline 自律individual performance 个人表现corporate culture 公司/企业文化employee s’ commitment involvement 雇员的承诺与参与monitor and influence employees’ behavior 监督、影响雇员行为define minimal standards 规定最低限度标准control the flow and pace of work 控制工作流量与速度Too much control can backfire 过多的控制会产生事与愿违的结果。
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