管理学常用英文单词 含音标
管理学中英文单词对照
第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e-business (electronic business) 电子商务e-commerce (electronic commerce) 电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well-structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long-term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single-use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means-ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate-level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional-level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team-based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High-performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill-based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development (OD) 组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) 组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big-five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence (EI) 情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self-esteem 自尊Self-monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation-hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需要Need for power (nPow) 权力需要Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需要Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model (JCM) 职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay-for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open-book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High-high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader-member relations 领导者－成员关系，上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path-goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E-mail 电子邮件Instant messaging (IM) 即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。
做管理的人必备的英文单词
态度 attitude
检验记录 inspection record
压力 pressure
误工记录 record of labor-hours lost
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产品质量 quality of products 先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service 策略 strategy 结构 structure (3) 领先性 primacy 普遍性 pervasiveness 忧虑 fear 忿恨 resentment 士气 morale 解雇 layoff 批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure
现金流量 cash flow
管理决策 managerial decision
工资率 wage rate
商业道德 business ethics
税收率 tax rate
有竞争力的价格 competitive price
股息 dividend
供货商 supplier
现金状况 cash position
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做管理 的人必备的英文单词（转贴）
目标 mission/ objective 集体目标 group objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 计划 planning 组织 organizing 人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling 步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique 经理 manager
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管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇(1)目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self—actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory(2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social—technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system管理学必备英语词汇表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor—hours lost 销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure(3）领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine—hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat 个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics（5）追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6）激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward（7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement—oriented leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non—performing loan层层转包和违法分包multi—level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five—category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood—prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction 非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state—owned assets过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro—active fiscal policy 基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges，fund—raising，quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion，tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information—based；informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power；Knowledge—intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工laid—off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts素质教育education for all—round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and—order situation 民族国家nation state“＊＊” ”independence of T aiwan”台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
管理学常用英文单词-含音标
管理学常用词汇A 11access discrimination ['æksɛs] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən]进入歧视action research ['ækʃən] ['risɝtʃ] 动作研究；行为研究adjourning [ə'dʒɝnɪŋ] 解散期；解散阶段；中止阶段adhocracy [æd'hɔkrəsi] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织；临时委员会组织；administrative principle [əd'mɪnɪstretɪv] ['prɪnsəpl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[əd'vænst] [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]高级谈判alignment[ə'laɪnmənt] 结盟artifacts ['a:rtifækts]人工环境artificial intelligence [,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl] [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [ə'vɔɪdɪŋ] ['lɜːnɪŋ]规避性学习ambidextrous approach [,æmbɪ'dekstrəs] [ə'prɔtʃ]双管齐下策略B 9balance sheet ['bæləns] [ʃit]资产负债表bias['baɪəs] 偏见BCG matrix（ BCG:Boston Consulting Group['bɔstən] [kən'sʌltɪŋ] [gru ːp]） ['metrɪks] 波士顿矩阵，波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications [,bəunə'faidi] [,ɑkju'peʃən] [,kw ɑləfə'keʃən] 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti]有限理性bounded rationality perspective ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti] [pə'spekt ɪv]有限理性方法bureaucracy [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]官僚机构benchmarking ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ] 标杆管理；标记；确定基准点boundary-spanning roles ['baʊndri] ['spæniŋ] [rolz] 跨超边界作用C 42capturing value through pricing['kæptʃɚrɪŋ] ['vælju] [θru] ['praɪsɪŋ] 通过定价获取价值change agent [tʃendʒ] ['edʒənt] 变革推动者，促变者challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]挑战chaos theory ['keɑs] ['θiəri] 混沌理论charismatic leaders [,kærɪz'mætɪk] ['lidɚz]魅力型领导者charity principle ['tʃærəti] ['prɪnsəpl] 博爱原则closing bell['klozɪŋ] [bɛl]收盘corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['soʃl] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]企业的社会责任competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争战略；竞争策略confrontation [,kɑnfrənfrʌn'teʃən] 对话, 对抗；面对；对质confrontation meeting [,kɑnfrən'teʃən] ['mitɪŋ] 碰头会consortia [kən'sɔ:tɪə] 企业联合、联盟、合作coercive power [kəʊ'ɜːsɪv] ['paʊə] 强制权，强制力cohesiveness [ko'hisɪvnɪs] 凝聚力collaborative management [kə'læbəretɪv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]合作型管理comparable worth ['kɑmpərəbl] [wɝθ]可比价值；同值同酬competitive benchmarking [kəm'petɪtɪv] ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ]竞争性基准competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争策略constancy of purpose ['kɑnstənsi] [əv] ['pɜːpəs] 永久性目标contingency approach [kən'tɪndʒənsi] [ə'protʃ] 权变理论；权变方法；随机应变法corporate governance['kɔrpərət] ['gʌvɚnəns]企业管治corporate social performance ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]企业社会绩效；公司社会表现corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ'spɑnsɪvnɪs]公司社会反应critical incident ['krɪtɪkl] ['ɪnsɪdənt] 危机事故；关键事件current assets ['kʌr(ə)nt] ['æset s] 流动资产current liabilities ['kʌr(ə)nt] [,laɪə'bɪləti]流动负债; 经常性贷款culture strength ['kʌltʃə] [streŋθ]文化强度; 文化力creative department [krɪ'etɪv] [dɪ'pɑrtmənt] 创造性部门creation of value[krɪ'eʃən] [əv] ['vælju]价值创造craft technology [kræft] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi]工艺技术、技艺性技术contextual dimension [kən'tɛkstʃuəl] [daɪ'mɛnʃən]关联性维度continuous process production [kən'tɪnjʊəs] ['prɑsɛs] [prə'dʌkʃən]连续加工生产collectivity stage [,kɑlɛk'tɪvəti] [stedʒ] 集体化阶段clan control [klæn] [kən'trol] 小团体控制clan culture [klæn] ['kʌltʃɚ] 小团体文化coalition [,koə'lɪʃən] 联合；结合，合并；联合团体collaborative [kə'læbəretɪv] 协作网络centrality [sɛn'træləti] 中心；中央；向心性；集中性centralization [,sɛntrəlɪ'zeʃən]集权化；中央集权管理charismatic authority [,kærɪz'mætɪk] [ə'θɔrəti] 魅力型权威、竭尽忠诚的权力customer insight['kʌstəmɚ] ['ɪn'saɪt]消费者洞察力；客户需求D 18decentralization [dɪ'sɛntrəlaɪ'zeʃən]分权；非集权化decision premise [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['premɪs]决策前提democracy management [də'mɑkrəsi] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 民主管理departmentalization [di:pɑ:t,mentəlai'zeiʃən]部门化; 部门划分designing effective organization[dɪ'zaɪnɪŋ] [ɪ'fɛktɪv] [,ɔrɡənə'zeʃən]设计有效的组织development structure[dɪ'vɛləpmənt] ['strʌktʃɚ]发展结构dialectical inquiry methods [,daɪə'lɛktɪkl] ['ɪŋkwaɪri] ['mɛθədz]辩证探求法differentiation strategy [,dɪfərenʃɪ'eɪʃn] ['strætədʒi] 差别化战略；差异化竞争战略differential rate system ['dɪfə'rɛnʃəl] [ret] ['sɪstəm] 差别报酬系统direct interlock [də'rɛkt] ['ɪntɚlɑk] 直接交叉divisional form [də'vɪʒənl] [fɔrm] 事业部模式division of labor [də'vɪʒən] [əv] ['lebɚ] 劳动(力)分工downward mobility ['daʊnwɚd] [mo'bɪləti] 降职流动、社会地位的下降dynamic engagement [daɪ'næmɪk] [ɪn'ɡedʒmənt]动态融合dynamic network [daɪ'næmɪk] ['nɛtwɝk] 动态网络domain [do'men] 领域；；域名；产业；地产dual-core approach ['dʊəl] [kɔr] [ə'protʃ] 二元核心模式dynamics of synergy[daɪ'næmɪks] [əv] ['sɪnɚdʒi]协力优势E 28effective decision making[ɪ'fɛktɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]有效决策制定effective leadership[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['lidɚʃɪp]有效领导effective conflict resolution[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['kɑnflɪkt] [rezə'luːʃ(ə)n]高效冲突管理electronic data-processing(EDP) [ɪ,lɛk'trɑnɪk] ['detə] ['prɑsɛsɪŋ]]电子数据处理employee-oriented style [ɪm'plɔɪi] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 员工导向型风格empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt] 许可，授权encoding [ɪn'kodɪŋ] 解码; 编码end-user computing ['end,ju:zə] [kəm'pjʊtɪŋ]终端用户计算系统enter ['ɛntɚ]进入；参加enterprise ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]企业entrepreneurship [,ɑntrəprə'nɝʃɪp] 企业家精神equity ['ɛkwəti]平等；相等equity theory ['ɛkwəti] ['θiəri] 公平理论espoused value [ɪ'spaʊzid] ['vælju]信仰价值ethics['eθɪks] 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准ethnocentric manager [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory [ɪk'spɛktənsi] ['θiəri] 期望理论expense budget [ɪk'spɛns] ['bʌdʒɪt] 费用预算;支出预算expense center [ɪk'spɛns] ['sɛntɚ]费用中心external audit [ɪk'stɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 外部审计; 独立审计external stakeholders [ɪk'stɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 外部利益相关者extreme circumstances[ɪk'strim] ['sɝkəmstæns iz]极端情况extrinsic rewards [ɛks'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrdz] 外部奖励；外部报酬ethic ombudsperson ['ɛθɪk] [,ɔmbudz'pɝsn] 伦理巡视官external adaption [ɪk'stɝnl] [ə'dæpʃən] 外部适应性elaboration stage [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] [stedʒ] 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage [,ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] [stedʒ] 创业阶段escalating commitment ['ɛskəletɪŋ] [kə'mɪtmənt] 顽固认同F 14family group ['fæməli] [gruːp] 家族集团;家族企业financing growth[fɪ'nænsɪŋ] [ɡroθ]财务增长financial management [faɪ'nænʃl] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 财务管理；金融管理financial statement [faɪ'nænʃl] ['stetmənt] 财务报表flat hierarchies [flæt] ['haɪə,rɑrkiz] 扁平型结构flexible budget ['flɛksəbl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 弹性预算force-field theory [fɔrs] [fild] ['θiəri] 场力理论formal authority ['fɔrml] [ə'θɔrəti] 正式授权;正式权限;合法权力formal systematic appraisal ['fɔrml] ['sɪstə'mætɪk] [ə'prezl] 正式的系统评估franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] 特许经营权formalization stage [,fɔməlɪ'zeʃən] [stedʒ] 规范化阶段functional grouping ['fʌŋkʃənl] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 职能组合formal channel of communication ['fɔrml] ['tʃænl] [əv] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 正式沟通渠道fundamentals [,fʌndə'mɛntl] 基本面；基本原理G 16game theory [geɪm] ['θiəri] 博弈论general financial condition ['dʒɛnrəl] [faɪ'nænʃl] [kən'dɪʃən] 一般财务状况geocentric manager [,dʒio'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 全球化管理者geographic and cultural boundaries[,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] [ənd] ['kʌltʃərəl] ['baʊndri]地理和文化界限global brand['ɡlobl] [brænd]全球品牌global enterprise['ɡlobl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]全球化企业global market ['ɡlobl] ['mɑrkɪt]全球市场；国际市场globalization [,ɡləubəlai'zeiʃən] 全球化gossip chain ['ɡɑsɪp] [tʃen] 传言链grapevine ['ɡrepvaɪn] 小道消息；秘密情报网;传言网global strategic partnership ['ɡlobl] [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚʃɪp] 全球战略伙伴关系general environment ['dʒɛnrəl] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 一般环境；总体环境generalist ['dʒɛnrəlɪst] 通才；多面手;全面战略geographic grouping [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 区域组合global company ['ɡlobl] ['kʌmpəni] 跨国公司;全球公司global geographic structure ['ɡlobl] [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['strʌktʃɚ]全球区域结构H 11Hawthorne effect [hɔθən] [ɪ'fɛkt] 霍桑效应heuristic principles [hjʊ'rɪstɪk] ['prɪnsəpl] 启发性原理hierarchy ['haɪərɑrki] 科层制度high ambition[haɪ] [æm'bɪʃən]更高志向、雄心壮志high commitment[haɪ] [kə'mɪtmənt]高承诺high performance[haɪ] [pɚ'fɔrməns]高效能hiring specification ['haiəriŋ] ['spɛsəfə'keʃən] 招聘细则horizontal linkage model ['hɔrə'zɑntl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] ['mɑdl] 横向联系模型hybrid structure ['haɪbrɪd] ['strʌktʃɚ] 混合结构high-velocity environments [haɪ] [və'lɑsəti] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənts] 高速环境human resources['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]人力资源I 23impoverished management [ɪm'pɑvərɪʃt] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 放任式管理 I income statement ['ɪnkʌm] ['stetmənt] 损益表information transformation ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] [,trænsfɚ'meʃən] 信息转换infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] 基础设施integrative process ['ɪntɪɡretiv] ['prɑsɛs] 整合过程intelligent enterprises [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒənt] ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]智能企业；智慧型企业internal audit [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 内部审计internal stakeholder [ɪn'tɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 内部相关者internship ['ɪntɝnʃɪp]实习intrapreneurship [,ɪntrəprɛ'nɝʃɪp]内部企业家精神intrinsic reward [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrd]内在报酬; 内在奖励inventory ['ɪnvəntɔri] 库存, 存货internal integration [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 内部整合interorganization relationship [,ɪntɚ'ɔrɡənə'zeʃən l [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp] 组织间的关系intergroup conflict ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] ['kɑnflɪkt] 团体间冲突intergroup dynamics ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] [daɪ'næmɪks] 组间动力interlocking directorate [,intə'lɔkiŋ] [də'rɛktərət] 交叉董事会institutional perspective [,ɪnstɪ'tuʃənl] [pɚ'spɛktɪv] 制度视角;机构的观点intuitive decision making [ɪn'tuɪtɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]直觉决策idea champion [aɪ'diə] ['tʃæmpɪən] 构思倡导者incremental change [ɪnkrə'məntl] [tʃendʒ] 渐进式变革; 递增量informal organizational structure [ɪn'fɔrml] [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['strʌkt ʃɚ]非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal [ɪn'fɔrml] [pɚ'fɔrməns] [ə'prezl]非正式业绩评价J 6job description [dʒɒb] [dɪ'skrɪpʃən]工作说明；职务描述job design[dʒɒb] [dɪ'zaɪn] 工作设计，职务设计job enlargement [dʒɒb] [ɪn'lɑrdʒmənt] 职务扩大化job enrichment [dʒɒb] [ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] 职务丰富化job rotation [dʒɒb] [ro'teʃən] 职务轮换job specialization [dʒɒb] [,spɛʃəlɪ'zeʃən]职务专业化K 2key performance areas [kiː] [pɚ'fɔrməns] ['ɛrɪəz]关键业务区key result areas [kiː] [rɪ'zʌlt] ['ɛrɪəz]关键绩效区L 18labor productivity index ['lebɚ] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] ['ɪndɛks] 劳动生产力指数laissez management [lei'sei'] ['mænɪdʒmənt]自由化管理large batch production [lɑrdʒ] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən]大批量生产lateral communication ['lætərəl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 横向沟通leadership decision ['lidɚʃɪp] [dɪ'sɪʒn]领导决策leadership style ['lidɚʃɪp] [staɪl] 领导风格leadership in teams ['lidɚʃɪp] [ɪn] [timz]团队管理；团队领导力leading a turnaround['lidɪŋ] ['tɝnəraʊnd] 领导转变；管理转变least preferred co-worker(LPC) [list] [prɪ'fɝd] [,kəu'wə:kə] 最不喜欢的同事legitimate power [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] ['paʊɚ]合法权力liability ['laɪə'bɪləti] 债务；负债liaison [lɪ'ezɑn] 联络者line authority [laɪn] [ə'θɔrəti] 直线职权liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] 流动性liaison role [lɪ'ezɑn] [rol] 联络员角色long-linked technology [lɔŋ] ['lɪŋkt] technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict [lɔsiz] [frɒm] ['kɑnflɪkt]冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership [ləʊ] [kɔst] ['lidɚʃɪp] 低成本领先M 21management by objective ['mænidʒmənt] [baɪ] [əb'dʒɛktɪv]目标管理Managerial Grid [,mænə'dʒɪrɪəl] [ɡrɪd] 管理方格matrix bosses ['metrɪks] [bɔsiz] 矩阵主管management champion ['mænɪdʒmənt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) [mə'tiəriəlz] [ri'kwaiəmənts] ['plænɪŋ]物料需求计划Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ['mæzləu] ['haɪərɑrki] [əv] [nid] 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ] ['ɑrɡjumənt] 管理文化多元化营销观market segmentation['mɑrkɪt][,sɛɡmɛn'teʃən]市场划分；市场细分multiculturalism [,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 文化多元主义multi-divisional firm ['mʌlti] [də'vɪʒənl] [fɝm] 多部门公司moral rules ['mɔrəl] [rulz]道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) ['mænɪdʒmənt] [baɪ] ['wɔkɪŋ] [ə'raʊnd]走动式管理matrix structure ['metrɪks] ['strʌktʃɚ]矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) [,mʌltɪ'næʃnəl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]跨国公司moral relativism ['mɔrəl] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 道德相对主义mechanistic system [,mɛkə'nɪstɪk] ['sɪstəm] 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management ['mɪdl] [əv] [ðə] [rod] ['mænɪdʒmənt]中庸式管理meso theory ['mɛso] ['θiəri] 常态理论multi-domestic strategy ['mʌlti] [də'mɛstɪk] ['strætədʒi] 多国化战略mediating technology ['miːdɪeɪtɪŋ] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 调停技术motivation[,motə'veʃən] 动机；积极性；推动N 9naïve relativism [naɪ'iv] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 朴素相对主义need-achievement [nid] [ə'tʃivmənt] 成就需要net asset [nɛt] ['æsɛt]净资产norming ['nɔ:miŋ] 规范化norms [nɔ:ms] 规范non-programmed decisions [nɑn 'proɡrəmd] [dɪ'sɪʒnz]非程序化决策non-substitutability [nɑn,səbstə,tjutə'biləti]非替代性non-routine technology [nɑn rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 非例行技术niche [nitʃ] 领地; 壁龛；合适的职业;小众O 14off-the-job training ['ɔfðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 脱产培训on-the-job training ['ɑnðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 在职培训operation[,ɑpə'reʃən]运营operational budget ['ɑpə'reʃənl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 运营预算order backlog ['ɔrdɚ] ['bæklɔɡ] 订单储备organic system [ɔr'gænɪk] ['sɪstəm] 有机系统organizational development(OD) [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] [dɪ'vɛləpmənt]组织发展organizational hierarchies [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 组织层级；组织架构organizing for innovation['ɔrgə,naɪz ɪŋ] [fɔː] [,ɪnə'veʃən]组织创新orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 定位outcome interdependence ['aʊt'kʌm] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]结果的相互依赖性outplacement services ['aʊtplesmənt] ['sə:visis] 外延服务overconfidence['ovɚ'kɑnfɪdəns] 过分相信；自负organization ecosystem [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] ['ɛko,sɪstəm] 组织生态系统P 27paradox of authority ['pærədɑks] [əv] [ə'θɔrəti]权威的矛盾paradox of creativity ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,krie'tɪvəti] 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure ['pærədɑks] [əv] [dɪs'kloʒɚ] 开放的矛盾paradox of identify ['pærədɑks] [əv], [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,ɪndɪ,vɪdʒu'æləti] 个性的矛盾paradox of regression ['pærədɑks] [əv] [rɪ'ɡrɛʃən] 回归的矛盾partial productivity ['pɑrʃəl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 部分生产率participative management [pɑ:'tisipə,tiv] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 参与式管理path-goal model [pæθ] [ɡol] ['mɑdl] 路径目标模型peer recruiter [pɪr] [rɪ'krʊtɚ] 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) [pə'lɪtɪkl] ['ækʃən] [kə'mitiz]政治活动委员会polycentric manager [pɑlɪ'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ]多中心管理者portfolio framework [pɔrt'folɪo] ['fremwɝk] 业务组合框架portfolio investment [pɔrt'folɪo] [ɪn'vɛstmənt] 资产组合投资positive reinforcement ['pɑzətɪv] [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] 正强化production flexibility [prə'dʌkʃən] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 生产柔性profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪləti] 收益率; 赢利能力；利益率programmed decisions ['proɡr æ md] [dɪ'sɪʒən]程序化决策psychoanalytic view ['saɪko,ænl'ɪtɪk] [vju]精神分析法paradigm ['pærə'daɪm] 范式; 典范personal ratios ['pɝsənl] ['reʃoz]人员比例pooled dependence [puld] [dɪ'pɛndəns]集合性依存professional bureaucracy [prə'feʃənəl] [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]专业官僚机构problem identification ['prɑbləm] [aɪ'dɛntəfə'keʃən]问题识别problemistic search ['prɔbləmistik] [sɝtʃ]问题搜寻population ecology model [,pɔpju'leiʃən] [ɪ'kɑlədʒi] ['mɑdl]种群生态模型public financing['pʌblɪk] [fɪ'nænsɪŋ]公共融资Q 4quality ['kwɑləti]质量quality circle ['kwɑləti] ['sɝkl] 质量圈question mark ['kwɛstʃən] [mɑːk] 问题类市场quid pro quo ['kwidprəu'kwəu] 交换物; 补偿物；相等物；交换条件；让步条件R 11rational approach ['ræʃnəl] [ə'protʃ] 理性方法rational model ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] 理性模型rational-legal authority ['ræʃnəl] ['ligl] [ə'θɔrəti]理性—合法权威rational model of decision making ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] [əv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mek ɪŋ]理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) [,riə'lɪstɪk] [dʒɒb] ['pri'vjʊ]实际工作预览; 述评;reciprocal interdependence [rɪ'sɪprəkl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns] 相互依存性resource dependence ['risɔrs] [dɪ'pɛndəns] 资源依赖理论retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] 保留reward system[rɪ'wɔrd] ['sɪstəm]薪酬体系routine technology [rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 例行技术rules [rulz] 规则；条例S 39semivariable cost [,sɛmaɪ'vɛərɪəbl] [kɔst] 准可变成本sense of potency [sɛns] [əv] ['potnsi]力量感sensitivity training ['sɛnsə'tɪvəti] ['trenɪŋ]敏感性训练sexual harassment ['sɛʃʊəl] [hə'ræsmənt] 性骚扰short-run capacity changes ['ʃɔ:t'rʌn] [kə'pæsəti] [tʃendʒ] 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain ['sɪŋɡl] [strænd] [tʃen] 单向传言链situational approach [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [ə'protʃ] 情境方法situational force [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [fɔrs] 情境力量; 情境压力situational leadership theory [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] ['lidɚʃɪp] ['θiəri] 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget ['slaɪdɪŋ] [skel] ['bʌdʒɪt] 移动规模预算small-batch production [smɔl] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən] 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches ['soʃiə 'tɛknɪkl] [ə'protʃiz]社会科技方法span of management [spæn] [əv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]管理幅度staff authority [stæf] [ə'θɔrəti] 参谋职权; 辅助权限standing plan ['stændɪŋ] [plæn]长设计划step budget [stɛp] ['bʌdʒɪt] 分步预算stewardship principle ['stuɚdʃɪp] ['prɪnsəpl] 管家原则stimulus ['stɪmjələs] 刺激storming ['stɔrmɪŋ] 激荡期;调整阶段strategic acquisitions[strə'tidʒɪk] [,ækwɪ'zɪʃən]战略并购strategic human resources[strə'tidʒɪk] ['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]战略人力资源strategic maketing [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ]战略市场营销strategic management [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 战略管理strategic partnering [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚɪŋ]战略伙伴关系strategy formulation ['strætədʒi] [,fɔrmjə'leʃən] 战略制定strategy implementation ['strætədʒi] [,ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 战略实施strategic control [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'trol] 战略控制strategic contingencies [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'tɪndʒənsiz] 战略权变satisficing ['sætisfaisiŋ] 满意；满意法；满意度subsystems [sʌb 'sɪstəmz]子系统subunits [sʌb'junɪt] 子单位synergy ['sɪnɚdʒi]协同system boundary ['sɪstəm] ['baʊndri]系统边界structure dimension ['strʌktʃɚ] [daɪ'mɛnʃən] 结构性维度sequential interdependence [sɪ'kwɛnʃl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]序列性依存; 相互依存self-directed team[,self di'rektid] [tim]自我管理型团队specialist ['spɛʃəlɪst] 专家；专门战略strategy and structure changes ['strætədʒi] [ənd] ['strʌktʃɚ] [tʃendʒz]战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency ['sɪmptəm] [əv] ['strʌktʃərəl] [dɪ'f ɪʃənsi]结构无效的特征T 17tall hierarchies [tɔl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 高长型科层结构task force or project team [tæsk] [fɔrs] [əv] ['prɒdʒekt] [tim] 任务小组或项目团队task independence [tæsk] [,ɪndɪ'pɛndəns]任务的内部依赖性task management [tæsk]['mænɪdʒmənt] 任务型管理task-oriented style [tæsk] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 任务导向型管理风格team process [tim] ['prɑsɛs] 团队进程；团队合作total productivity ['totl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 总生产率total quality management ['totl] ['kwɑləti] ['mænɪdʒmənt]全面质量管理trade agreement [treid] [ə'grimənt] 贸易协定；雇用合同；劳资协议training positions ['trenɪŋ] [pə'zɪʃənz]挂职培训training program ['trenɪŋ] ['proɡræm]培训程序transactional leaders [trænz'ækʃənl] ['lidɚz]交易型领导transformational leaders [,trænzfə'meʃənəl] ['lidɚz]变革型领导treatment discrimination ['tritmənt] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] 歧视待遇two-factory theory [tu] ['fæktri]['θiəri] 双因素理论two-boss employees [tu] [bɔs] [,ɛmplɔɪ'iz]双重主管员工technical or product champion ['tɛknɪkl] [ɔr] ['prɑdʌkt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 技术或产品的倡导者U 2unfreezing [ʌn'friz] 解冻unit production ['junɪt] [prə'dʌkʃən]单位产品V 11variation [,vɛrɪ'eʃən]变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety [və'raɪəti]变量valence ['veləns] 效价variable costs ['vɛrɪəbl] [kɔsts] 可变成本vertical communication ['vɝtɪkl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 纵向沟通vertical integration ['vɝtɪkl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 纵向一体化vestibule training ['vɛstɪbjul] ['trenɪŋ] 仿真培训volume flexibility ['vɑljum] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage ['vɝtɪkl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ]纵向连接venture team ['vɛntʃɚ] [tim] 风险团队value based leadership ['vælju] [best] ['lidɚʃɪp] 基于价值的领导W 7win-lose situation [wɪn] [luz] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 输赢情境win-win situation ['wɪn'wɪn] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 双赢情境workforce literacy ['wɝkfɔrs] ['lɪtərəsi]员工的读写能力work in progress [wɝk] [ɪn] ['prɑɡrɛs]在制品work flow redesign [wɝk] [flo] [,ridɪ'zaɪn] 工作流程再造成work flow automation [wɝk] [flo] [,ɔtə'meʃən]工作流程自动化whistle blowing ['wɪsl] ['bloɪŋ]揭发;举报Z 2zero-sum ['ziro'sʌm]零和；零和博弈zone of indifference(area of acceptance) [zon] [əv] [ɪn'dɪfrəns]（['ɛr ɪə] [əv] [ək'sɛptəns]）无差异区域(可接受区域)。
做管理的人必备的英文单词
做管理的人必备的英文单词做管理的人必备的英文单词目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavīor science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavīor approach集体行为法the group behavīor approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavīor下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service 策略strategy结构structure(3)领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics(5)追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavīor支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership 指导型领导instrumental leadership 成就取向型领导achievement。
管理学-管理学常用英语词汇
管理学英语词汇(1)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 目标mission/ objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment集体目标group objective计划planning组织organizing人事staffing步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure管理学英语词汇(2)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividen病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱势weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star 问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership管理学英语词汇(3)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的fle个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership管理学英语词汇(4) 知识管理BBalanced scorecard平衡计分卡CCapability能力Chief knowledge officer(CKO)首席知识管Chief learning officer(CLO) 首席学习管、学习经理Collaboration 协同运作Core competence核心能力Corporate innovation公司（企业）创新Corporate knowledge base公司（企业）知识库Corporate university企业（企业）大学Customer relation management(CRM)客户关系管理DData mining资料挖掘Data warehouse(DW)数据仓库Discussion 讨论区Dicision supporting system(DSS)决策支持系统Digital Nervous System数字神经系统Document Management 文件（文档）管理Ee-learning电子学习、在线学习Enterprise Resource Planning企业资源计划Executive Information System主管支持系统Expert System专家系统Expert Yellow Page 专家黄页Enterprise Information Portal(EIP)企业入口网站Explicit Knowledge显性知识FFunction功能Functional Capability功能能力GGlobal Knowledge Management全球知识管理HHigh-level Learning 高阶学习IInformation Technology 信息科技Information Retrieval信息检索Infrastructure基础建设Innovation Capital创新资本、创新资产Innovation Index 创新指数Innovation Indicator创新指标Intelletual Asset智慧资产Intelletual Capital(IC)智慧资本、智慧资产Intelletual Property智慧财产、智财Intelligence智慧Intelligence Capital智慧资本Internalization内化Islands of Knowledge知识孤岛KKnow How专门技术Knowledge知识Knowledge Access知识存取Knowledge Acquirer知识买方Knowledge Acquisiton知识获取Knowledge Architcture知识基本结构Knowledge Asset知识资产Knowledge Assimilation知识吸收Knowledge Audit知识审计Knowledge Balance Sheet知识资产负债表Knowledge Base知识基础Knowledge-Base Company知识企业Knowledge-Base Economy知识经济Knowledge Base Industry 知识产业Knowledge Map知识地图Knowledge Broker知识中介Knowledge Capability知识能力Knowledge Capital知识资本Knowledge Coach知识教练Knowledge Community知识社区Knowledge Copy知识复制Knowledge Depository知识库Knowledge Discovery知识发现Knowledge Ecology知识生态学Knowledge Economy知识经济Knowledge Enterprise知识企业Knowledge Expense知识费用Knowledge Flow知识流通、知识流量Knowledge Gap知识缺口Knowledge Information Technology知识信息技术Knowledge Internalization知识内化Knowledge Life Cycle知识生产周期Knowledge Management(KM)知识管理Knowledge Management Infrasturcture知识管理基础建设Knowledge Management Process知识管理流程Knowledge Management Strategies知识管理策略Knowledge Management System知识管理系统Knowledge Manager知识管理经理Knowledge Map知识地图Knowledge Mediate知识媒介Knowledge Performance Review知识绩效评估Knowledge Pooling知识汇总Knowledge Spirals 知识螺旋Knowledge Worker 知识工作者LLearning Community学习社区Local Knowledge 当地知识Lower-Level Learning低阶学习MMentoring心智模式Mentoring师徒制Mode of Mind 心智模式NNew Economy 新经济OOrganization Knowledge 组织知识Organizational IQ 公司智商Organizational Learning 组织学习Project Management项目管理Proteges徒弟RReturn On Knowledge 知识报酬率SSearch Engines 搜索引擎Share 分享Software Package 软件包Stakeholder Evaluation 员工评估Strategic Capability 策略能力TTacit Knowledge 隐性知识Technical Innovation 技术创新Think Bank 智库Tool Knowledge 工具知识UUulearning 反学习VValue Innovation 价值创新Vertical Collaborationa 垂直整合Virtual Community 虚拟社群Virtual Organization 虚拟组织。
管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇管理学英语词汇（1）目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness 效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result 业绩performance 个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity 利润率profitability 社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency 应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark 现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement 人口因素demographic factor 地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics(5)追随followership 个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic 静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator 概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise 热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability 进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriente d leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry 保证重点指出ensure funding forpriority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears 不良贷款non-performing loan 层层转包和违法分包multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法thefive-category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood-prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety ofstate-owned assets 过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects 积极的财政政策pro-active fiscalpolicy基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project forlow-income urban residents信息化information-based;informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power; Knowledge-intensiv e外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts 素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects 社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state“**” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
管理学专业英语词汇
ABC Classification ABC分类法Activity-Based Costing 业务量成本法/作业成本法ACRS (Accelerated cost recovery system) 快速成本回收制度Action Message 行为/措施信息AIS (Accounting information system) 会计信息系统Allocation 已分配量Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报A/P (Accounts Payable) 应付帐款APICS (American Production & Inventory Control Society) 美国生产及库存控制协会AQL (Acceptable quality Level) 可接受质量水平A/R (Accounts Receivable) 应收帐款Automatic Rescheduling 自动重排产Available To Promise (APT) 可签约量Backflush 倒冲法Backlog 未完成订单/未结订单Back Scheduling 倒序排产BE analysis (Break-even analysis) 盈亏临界点分析，保本分析Bill of Material (BOM) 物料清单Business Plan 经营规划B/V (Book value) 帐面价值Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) 能力需求计划CBA (Cost-benefit analysis) 成本效益分析CEO 首席执行官CFO (Chief Financial Officer) 财务总裁Closed Loop MRP 闭环物料需求计划CPM (Critical path method) 关键路线法CPP accounting (Constant purchasing power accounting) 不变购买力会计Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期Cycle Counting 周期盘点Demand 需求Demand Management 需求管理Demonstrated Capacity 实际能力Dependent Demand 非独立需求DFL (Degree of financial leverage) 财务杠杆系数Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 直接增减库存法Dispatch List 派工单DOL (Degree of operating leverage) 经营杠杆系数ELS (Economic lot size) 经济批量EOQ (Economic order quantity) 经济订货批量FIFO (Fist-in,Fist-out) 先进先出法Firm Planned Order 确认计划订单FISH/LIFO (Fist-in,Still-here) 后进先出法Fixed Order Quantity 固定订货批量法Flow Shop 流水车间Focus Forecasting 集中预测Full Pegging 完全跟踪Generally Accepted Manufacturing Practices 公认生产管理原则Independent Demand 独立需求Inpu/Output Control 投入/产出控制Interplant Demand 厂际需求Inventory Turnover 库存周转次数Item 物料项目Item Record 项目记录Job Shop 加工车间Just-in-time (JIT) 准时制生产Lead Time 提前期前置期，指订单从收到具体明细到货到货仓收到落货纸这一段时间，可以用评估工厂的综合实力。
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管理学常用词汇A 11access discrimination ['æksɛs] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən]进入歧视action research ['ækʃən] ['risɝtʃ] 动作研究；行为研究adjourning [ə'dʒɝnɪŋ] 解散期；解散阶段；中止阶段adhocracy [æd'hɔkrəsi] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织；临时委员会组织；administrative principle [əd'mɪnɪstretɪv] ['prɪnsəpl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[əd'vænst] [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]高级谈判alignment[ə'laɪnmənt] 结盟artifacts ['a:rtifækts]人工环境artificial intelligence [,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl] [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [ə'vɔɪdɪŋ] ['lɜːnɪŋ]规避性学习ambidextrous approach [,æmbɪ'dekstrəs] [ə'prɔtʃ]双管齐下策略B 9balance sheet ['bæləns] [ʃit]资产负债表bias['baɪəs] 偏见BCG matrix（ BCG:Boston Consulting Group['bɔstən] [kən'sʌltɪŋ] [gru ːp]） ['metrɪks] 波士顿矩阵，波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications [,bəunə'faidi] [,ɑkju'peʃən] [,kw ɑləfə'keʃən] 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti]有限理性bounded rationality perspective ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti] [pə'spekt ɪv]有限理性方法bureaucracy [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]官僚机构benchmarking ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ] 标杆管理；标记；确定基准点boundary-spanning roles ['baʊndri] ['spæniŋ] [rolz] 跨超边界作用C 42capturing value through pricing['kæptʃɚrɪŋ] ['vælju] [θru] ['praɪsɪŋ] 通过定价获取价值change agent [tʃendʒ] ['edʒənt] 变革推动者，促变者challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]挑战chaos theory ['keɑs] ['θiəri] 混沌理论charismatic leaders [,kærɪz'mætɪk] ['lidɚz]魅力型领导者charity principle ['tʃærəti] ['prɪnsəpl] 博爱原则closing bell['klozɪŋ] [bɛl]收盘corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['soʃl] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]企业的社会责任competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争战略；竞争策略confrontation [,kɑnfrənfrʌn'teʃən] 对话, 对抗；面对；对质confrontation meeting [,kɑnfrən'teʃən] ['mitɪŋ] 碰头会consortia [kən'sɔ:tɪə] 企业联合、联盟、合作coercive power [kəʊ'ɜːsɪv] ['paʊə] 强制权，强制力cohesiveness [ko'hisɪvnɪs] 凝聚力collaborative management [kə'læbəretɪv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]合作型管理comparable worth ['kɑmpərəbl] [wɝθ] 可比价值；同值同酬competitive benchmarking [kəm'petɪtɪv] ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ]竞争性基准competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争策略constancy of purpose ['kɑnstənsi] [əv] ['pɜːpəs] 永久性目标contingency approach [kən'tɪndʒənsi] [ə'protʃ] 权变理论；权变方法；随机应变法corporate governance['kɔrpərət] ['gʌvɚnəns]企业管治corporate social performance ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]企业社会绩效；公司社会表现corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ'spɑnsɪvnɪs]公司社会反应critical incident ['krɪtɪkl] ['ɪnsɪdənt] 危机事故；关键事件current assets ['kʌr(ə)nt] ['æset s] 流动资产current liabilities ['kʌr(ə)nt] [,laɪə'bɪləti]流动负债; 经常性贷款culture strength ['kʌltʃə] [streŋθ]文化强度; 文化力creative department [krɪ'etɪv] [dɪ'pɑrtmənt] 创造性部门creation of value[krɪ'eʃən] [əv] ['vælju]价值创造craft technology [kræft] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi]工艺技术、技艺性技术contextual dimension [kən'tɛkstʃuəl] [daɪ'mɛnʃən]关联性维度continuous process production [kən'tɪnjʊəs] ['prɑsɛs] [prə'dʌkʃən]连续加工生产collectivity stage [,kɑlɛk'tɪvəti] [stedʒ] 集体化阶段clan control [klæn] [kən'trol] 小团体控制clan culture [klæn] ['kʌltʃɚ] 小团体文化coalition [,koə'lɪʃən] 联合；结合，合并；联合团体collaborative [kə'læbəretɪv] 协作网络centrality [sɛn'træləti] 中心；中央；向心性；集中性centralization [,sɛntrəlɪ'zeʃən]集权化；中央集权管理charismatic authority [,kærɪz'mætɪk] [ə'θɔrəti] 魅力型权威、竭尽忠诚的权力customer insight['kʌstəmɚ] ['ɪn'saɪt]消费者洞察力；客户需求D 18decentralization [dɪ'sɛntrəlaɪ'zeʃən]分权；非集权化decision premise [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['premɪs]决策前提democracy management [də'mɑkrəsi] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 民主管理departmentalization [di:pɑ:t,mentəlai'zeiʃən]部门化; 部门划分designing effective organization[dɪ'zaɪnɪŋ] [ɪ'fɛktɪv] [,ɔrɡənə'zeʃən]设计有效的组织development structure[dɪ'vɛləpmənt] ['strʌktʃɚ]发展结构dialectical inquiry methods [,daɪə'lɛktɪkl] ['ɪŋkwaɪri] ['mɛθədz]辩证探求法differentiation strategy [,dɪfərenʃɪ'eɪʃn] ['strætədʒi] 差别化战略；差异化竞争战略differential rate system ['dɪfə'rɛnʃəl] [ret] ['sɪstəm] 差别报酬系统direct interlock [də'rɛkt] ['ɪntɚlɑk] 直接交叉divisional form [də'vɪʒənl] [fɔrm] 事业部模式division of labor [də'vɪʒən] [əv] ['lebɚ] 劳动(力)分工downward mobility ['daʊnwɚd] [mo'bɪləti] 降职流动、社会地位的下降dynamic engagement [daɪ'næmɪk] [ɪn'ɡedʒmənt]动态融合dynamic network [daɪ'næmɪk] ['nɛtwɝk] 动态网络domain [do'men] 领域；；域名；产业；地产dual-core approach ['dʊəl] [kɔr] [ə'protʃ] 二元核心模式dynamics of synergy[daɪ'næmɪks] [əv] ['sɪnɚdʒi]协力优势E 28effective decision making[ɪ'fɛktɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]有效决策制定effective leadership[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['lidɚʃɪp]有效领导effective conflict resolution[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['kɑnflɪkt] [rezə'luːʃ(ə)n]高效冲突管理electronic data-processing(EDP) [ɪ,lɛk'trɑnɪk] ['detə] ['prɑsɛsɪŋ]]电子数据处理employee-oriented style [ɪm'plɔɪi] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 员工导向型风格empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt] 许可，授权encoding [ɪn'kodɪŋ] 解码; 编码end-user computing ['end,ju:zə] [kəm'pjʊtɪŋ]终端用户计算系统enter ['ɛntɚ]进入；参加enterprise ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]企业entrepreneurship [,ɑntrəprə'nɝʃɪp] 企业家精神equity ['ɛkwəti]平等；相等equity theory ['ɛkwəti] ['θiəri] 公平理论espoused value [ɪ'spaʊzid] ['vælju]信仰价值ethics['eθɪks] 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准ethnocentric manager [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory [ɪk'spɛktənsi] ['θiəri] 期望理论expense budget [ɪk'spɛns] ['bʌdʒɪt] 费用预算;支出预算expense center [ɪk'spɛns] ['sɛntɚ]费用中心external audit [ɪk'stɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 外部审计; 独立审计external stakeholders [ɪk'stɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 外部利益相关者extreme circumstances[ɪk'strim] ['sɝkəmstæns iz]极端情况extrinsic rewards [ɛks'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrdz] 外部奖励；外部报酬ethic ombudsperson ['ɛθɪk] [,ɔmbudz'pɝsn] 伦理巡视官external adaption [ɪk'stɝnl] [ə'dæpʃən] 外部适应性elaboration stage [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] [stedʒ] 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage [,ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] [stedʒ] 创业阶段escalating commitment ['ɛskəletɪŋ] [kə'mɪtmənt] 顽固认同F 14family group ['fæməli] [gruːp] 家族集团;家族企业financing growth[fɪ'nænsɪŋ] [ɡroθ]财务增长financial management [faɪ'nænʃl] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 财务管理；金融管理financial statement [faɪ'nænʃl] ['stetmənt] 财务报表flat hierarchies [flæt] ['haɪə,rɑrkiz] 扁平型结构flexible budget ['flɛksəbl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 弹性预算force-field theory [fɔrs] [fild] ['θiəri] 场力理论formal authority ['fɔrml] [ə'θɔrəti] 正式授权;正式权限;合法权力formal systematic appraisal ['fɔrml] ['sɪstə'mætɪk] [ə'prezl] 正式的系统评估franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] 特许经营权formalization stage [,fɔməlɪ'zeʃən] [stedʒ] 规范化阶段functional grouping ['fʌŋkʃənl] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 职能组合formal channel of communication ['fɔrml] ['tʃænl] [əv] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 正式沟通渠道fundamentals [,fʌndə'mɛntl] 基本面；基本原理G 16game theory [geɪm] ['θiəri] 博弈论general financial condition ['dʒɛnrəl] [faɪ'nænʃl] [kən'dɪʃən] 一般财务状况geocentric manager [,dʒio'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 全球化管理者geographic and cultural boundaries[,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] [ənd] ['kʌltʃərəl] ['baʊndri]地理和文化界限global brand['ɡlobl] [brænd]全球品牌global enterprise['ɡlobl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]全球化企业global market ['ɡlobl] ['mɑrkɪt]全球市场；国际市场globalization [,ɡləubəlai'zeiʃən] 全球化gossip chain ['ɡɑsɪp] [tʃen] 传言链grapevine ['ɡrepvaɪn] 小道消息；秘密情报网;传言网global strategic partnership ['ɡlobl] [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚʃɪp] 全球战略伙伴关系general environment ['dʒɛnrəl] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 一般环境；总体环境generalist ['dʒɛnrəlɪst] 通才；多面手;全面战略geographic grouping [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 区域组合global company ['ɡlobl] ['kʌmpəni] 跨国公司;全球公司global geographic structure ['ɡlobl] [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['strʌktʃɚ]全球区域结构H 11Hawthorne effect [hɔθən] [ɪ'fɛkt] 霍桑效应heuristic principles [hjʊ'rɪstɪk] ['prɪnsəpl] 启发性原理hierarchy ['haɪərɑrki] 科层制度high ambition[haɪ] [æm'bɪʃən]更高志向、雄心壮志high commitment[haɪ] [kə'mɪtmənt]高承诺high performance[haɪ] [pɚ'fɔrməns]高效能hiring specification ['haiəriŋ] ['spɛsəfə'keʃən] 招聘细则horizontal linkage model ['hɔrə'zɑntl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] ['mɑdl] 横向联系模型hybrid structure ['haɪbrɪd] ['strʌktʃɚ] 混合结构high-velocity environments [haɪ] [və'lɑsəti] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənts] 高速环境human resources['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]人力资源I 23impoverished management [ɪm'pɑvərɪʃt] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 放任式管理 I income statement ['ɪnkʌm] ['stetmənt] 损益表information transformation ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] [,trænsfɚ'meʃən] 信息转换infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] 基础设施integrative process ['ɪntɪɡretiv] ['prɑsɛs] 整合过程intelligent enterprises [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒənt] ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]智能企业；智慧型企业internal audit [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 内部审计internal stakeholder [ɪn'tɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 内部相关者internship ['ɪntɝnʃɪp]实习intrapreneurship [,ɪntrəprɛ'nɝʃɪp]内部企业家精神intrinsic reward [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrd]内在报酬; 内在奖励inventory ['ɪnvəntɔri] 库存, 存货internal integration [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 内部整合interorganization relationship [,ɪntɚ'ɔrɡənə'zeʃən l [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp] 组织间的关系intergroup conflict ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] ['kɑnflɪkt] 团体间冲突intergroup dynamics ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] [daɪ'næmɪks] 组间动力interlocking directorate [,intə'lɔkiŋ] [də'rɛktərət] 交叉董事会institutional perspective [,ɪnstɪ'tuʃənl] [pɚ'spɛktɪv] 制度视角;机构的观点intuitive decision making [ɪn'tuɪtɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]直觉决策idea champion [aɪ'diə] ['tʃæmpɪən] 构思倡导者incremental change [ɪnkrə'məntl] [tʃendʒ] 渐进式变革; 递增量informal organizational structure [ɪn'fɔrml] [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['str ʌktʃɚ]非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal [ɪn'fɔrml] [pɚ'fɔrməns] [ə'prezl]非正式业绩评价J 6job description [dʒɒb] [dɪ'skrɪpʃən]工作说明；职务描述job design[dʒɒb] [dɪ'zaɪn] 工作设计，职务设计job enlargement [dʒɒb] [ɪn'lɑrdʒmənt] 职务扩大化job enrichment [dʒɒb] [ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] 职务丰富化job rotation [dʒɒb] [ro'teʃən] 职务轮换job specialization [dʒɒb] [,spɛʃəlɪ'zeʃən]职务专业化K 2key performance areas [kiː] [pɚ'fɔrməns] ['ɛrɪəz]关键业务区key result areas [kiː] [rɪ'zʌlt] ['ɛrɪəz]关键绩效区L 18labor productivity index ['lebɚ] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] ['ɪndɛks] 劳动生产力指数laissez management [lei'sei'] ['mænɪdʒmənt]自由化管理large batch production [lɑrdʒ] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən]大批量生产lateral communication ['lætərəl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 横向沟通leadership decision ['lidɚʃɪp] [dɪ'sɪʒn]领导决策leadership style ['lidɚʃɪp] [staɪl] 领导风格leadership in teams ['lidɚʃɪp] [ɪn] [timz]团队管理；团队领导力leading a turnaround['lidɪŋ] ['tɝnəraʊnd] 领导转变；管理转变least preferred co-worker(LPC) [list] [prɪ'fɝd] [,kəu'wə:kə] 最不喜欢的同事legitimate power [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] ['paʊɚ]合法权力liability ['laɪə'bɪləti] 债务；负债liaison [lɪ'ezɑn] 联络者line authority [laɪn] [ə'θɔrəti] 直线职权liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] 流动性liaison role [lɪ'ezɑn] [rol] 联络员角色long-linked technology [lɔŋ] ['lɪŋkt] technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict [lɔsiz] [frɒm] ['kɑnflɪkt]冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership [ləʊ] [kɔst] ['lidɚʃɪp] 低成本领先M 21management by objective ['mænidʒmənt] [baɪ] [əb'dʒɛktɪv]目标管理Managerial Grid [,mænə'dʒɪrɪəl] [ɡrɪd] 管理方格matrix bosses ['metrɪks] [bɔsiz] 矩阵主管management champion ['mænɪdʒmənt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) [mə'tiəriəlz] [ri'kwaiəmənts] ['plænɪŋ]物料需求计划Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ['mæzləu] ['haɪərɑrki] [əv] [nid] 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ] ['ɑrɡjumənt] 管理文化多元化营销观market segmentation['mɑrkɪt][,sɛɡmɛn'teʃən]市场划分；市场细分multiculturalism [,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 文化多元主义multi-divisional firm ['mʌlti] [də'vɪʒənl] [fɝm] 多部门公司moral rules ['mɔrəl] [rulz]道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) ['mænɪdʒmənt] [baɪ] ['wɔkɪŋ] [ə'raʊnd]走动式管理matrix structure ['metrɪks] ['strʌktʃɚ]矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) [,mʌltɪ'næʃnəl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]跨国公司moral relativism ['mɔrəl] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 道德相对主义mechanistic system [,mɛkə'nɪstɪk] ['sɪstəm] 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management ['mɪdl] [əv] [ðə] [rod] ['mænɪdʒmənt]中庸式管理meso theory ['mɛso] ['θiəri] 常态理论multi-domestic strategy ['mʌlti] [də'mɛstɪk] ['strætədʒi] 多国化战略mediating technology ['miːdɪeɪtɪŋ] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 调停技术motivation[,motə'veʃən] 动机；积极性；推动N 9naïve relativism [naɪ'iv] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 朴素相对主义need-achievement [nid] [ə'tʃivmənt] 成就需要net asset [nɛt] ['æsɛt]净资产norming ['nɔ:miŋ] 规范化norms [nɔ:ms] 规范non-programmed decisions [nɑn 'proɡrəmd] [dɪ'sɪʒnz]非程序化决策non-substitutability [nɑn,səbstə,tjutə'biləti]非替代性non-routine technology [nɑn rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 非例行技术niche [nitʃ] 领地; 壁龛；合适的职业;小众O 14off-the-job training ['ɔfðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 脱产培训on-the-job training ['ɑnðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 在职培训operation[,ɑpə'reʃən]运营operational budget ['ɑpə'reʃənl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 运营预算order backlog ['ɔrdɚ] ['bæklɔɡ] 订单储备organic system [ɔr'gænɪk] ['sɪstəm] 有机系统organizational development(OD) [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] [dɪ'vɛləpmənt]组织发展organizational hierarchies [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 组织层级；组织架构organizing for innovation['ɔrgə,naɪz ɪŋ] [fɔː] [,ɪnə'veʃən]组织创新orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 定位outcome interdependence ['aʊt'kʌm] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]结果的相互依赖性outplacement services ['aʊtplesmənt] ['sə:visis] 外延服务overconfidence['ovɚ'kɑnfɪdəns] 过分相信；自负organization ecosystem [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] ['ɛko,sɪstəm] 组织生态系统P 27paradox of authority ['pærədɑks] [əv] [ə'θɔrəti]权威的矛盾paradox of creativity ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,krie'tɪvəti] 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure ['pærədɑks] [əv] [dɪs'kloʒɚ] 开放的矛盾paradox of identify ['pærədɑks] [əv], [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,ɪndɪ,vɪdʒu'æləti] 个性的矛盾paradox of regression ['pærədɑks] [əv] [rɪ'ɡrɛʃən] 回归的矛盾partial productivity ['pɑrʃəl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 部分生产率participative management [pɑ:'tisipə,tiv] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 参与式管理path-goal model [pæθ] [ɡol] ['mɑdl] 路径目标模型peer recruiter [pɪr] [rɪ'krʊtɚ] 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) [pə'lɪtɪkl] ['ækʃən] [kə'mitiz]政治活动委员会polycentric manager [pɑlɪ'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ]多中心管理者portfolio framework [pɔrt'folɪo] ['fremwɝk] 业务组合框架portfolio investment [pɔrt'folɪo] [ɪn'vɛstmənt] 资产组合投资positive reinforcement ['pɑzətɪv] [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] 正强化production flexibility [prə'dʌkʃən] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 生产柔性profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪləti] 收益率; 赢利能力；利益率programmed decisions ['proɡr æ md] [dɪ'sɪʒən]程序化决策psychoanalytic view ['saɪko,ænl'ɪtɪk] [vju]精神分析法paradigm ['pærə'daɪm] 范式; 典范personal ratios ['pɝsənl] ['reʃoz]人员比例pooled dependence [puld] [dɪ'pɛndəns]集合性依存professional bureaucracy [prə'feʃənəl] [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]专业官僚机构problem identification ['prɑbləm] [aɪ'dɛntəfə'keʃən]问题识别problemistic search ['prɔbləmistik] [sɝtʃ]问题搜寻population ecology model [,pɔpju'leiʃən] [ɪ'kɑlədʒi] ['mɑdl]种群生态模型public financing['pʌblɪk] [fɪ'nænsɪŋ]公共融资Q 4quality ['kwɑləti]质量quality circle ['kwɑləti] ['sɝkl] 质量圈question mark ['kwɛstʃən] [mɑːk] 问题类市场quid pro quo ['kwidprəu'kwəu] 交换物; 补偿物；相等物；交换条件；让步条件R 11rational approach ['ræʃnəl] [ə'protʃ] 理性方法rational model ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] 理性模型rational-legal authority ['ræʃnəl] ['ligl] [ə'θɔrəti]理性—合法权威rational model of decision making ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] [əv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mek ɪŋ]理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) [,riə'lɪstɪk] [dʒɒb] ['pri'vjʊ]实际工作预览; 述评;reciprocal interdependence [rɪ'sɪprəkl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns] 相互依存性resource dependence ['risɔrs] [dɪ'pɛndəns] 资源依赖理论retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] 保留reward system[rɪ'wɔrd] ['sɪstəm]薪酬体系routine technology [rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 例行技术rules [rulz] 规则；条例S 39semivariable cost [,sɛmaɪ'vɛərɪəbl] [kɔst] 准可变成本sense of potency [sɛns] [əv] ['potnsi]力量感sensitivity training ['sɛnsə'tɪvəti] ['trenɪŋ]敏感性训练sexual harassment ['sɛʃʊəl] [hə'ræsmənt] 性骚扰short-run capacity changes ['ʃɔ:t'rʌn] [kə'pæsəti] [tʃendʒ] 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain ['sɪŋɡl] [strænd] [tʃen] 单向传言链situational approach [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [ə'protʃ] 情境方法situational force [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [fɔrs] 情境力量; 情境压力situational leadership theory [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] ['lidɚʃɪp] ['θiəri] 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget ['slaɪdɪŋ] [skel] ['bʌdʒɪt] 移动规模预算small-batch production [smɔl] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən] 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches ['soʃiə 'tɛknɪkl] [ə'protʃiz]社会科技方法span of management [spæn] [əv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]管理幅度staff authority [stæf] [ə'θɔrəti] 参谋职权; 辅助权限standing plan ['stændɪŋ] [plæn]长设计划step budget [stɛp] ['bʌdʒɪt] 分步预算stewardship principle ['stuɚdʃɪp] ['prɪnsəpl] 管家原则stimulus ['stɪmjələs] 刺激storming ['stɔrmɪŋ] 激荡期;调整阶段strategic acquisitions[strə'tidʒɪk] [,ækwɪ'zɪʃən]战略并购strategic human resources[strə'tidʒɪk] ['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]战略人力资源strategic maketing [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ]战略市场营销strategic management [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 战略管理strategic partnering [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚɪŋ]战略伙伴关系strategy formulation ['strætədʒi] [,fɔrmjə'leʃən] 战略制定strategy implementation ['strætədʒi] [,ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 战略实施strategic control [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'trol] 战略控制strategic contingencies [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'tɪndʒənsiz] 战略权变satisficing ['sætisfaisiŋ] 满意；满意法；满意度subsystems [sʌb 'sɪstəmz]子系统subunits [sʌb'junɪt] 子单位synergy ['sɪnɚdʒi]协同system boundary ['sɪstəm] ['baʊndri]系统边界structure dimension ['strʌktʃɚ] [daɪ'mɛnʃən] 结构性维度sequential interdependence [sɪ'kwɛnʃl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]序列性依存; 相互依存self-directed team[,self di'rektid] [tim]自我管理型团队specialist ['spɛʃəlɪst] 专家；专门战略strategy and structure changes ['strætədʒi] [ənd] ['strʌktʃɚ] [tʃend ʒz]战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency ['sɪmptəm] [əv] ['strʌktʃərəl] [dɪ'fɪʃənsi]结构无效的特征T 17tall hierarchies [tɔl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 高长型科层结构task force or project team [tæsk] [fɔrs] [əv] ['prɒdʒekt] [tim] 任务小组或项目团队task independence [tæsk] [,ɪndɪ'pɛndəns]任务的内部依赖性task management [tæsk]['mænɪdʒmənt] 任务型管理task-oriented style [tæsk] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 任务导向型管理风格team process [tim] ['prɑsɛs] 团队进程；团队合作total productivity ['totl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 总生产率total quality management ['totl] ['kwɑləti] ['mænɪdʒmənt]全面质量管理trade agreement [treid] [ə'grimənt] 贸易协定；雇用合同；劳资协议training positions ['trenɪŋ] [pə'zɪʃənz]挂职培训training program ['trenɪŋ] ['proɡræm]培训程序transactional leaders [trænz'ækʃənl] ['lidɚz]交易型领导transformational leaders [,trænzfə'meʃənəl] ['lidɚz]变革型领导treatment discrimination ['tritmənt] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] 歧视待遇two-factory theory [tu] ['fæktri] ['θiəri] 双因素理论two-boss employees [tu] [bɔs] [,ɛmplɔɪ'iz]双重主管员工technical or product champion ['tɛknɪkl] [ɔr] ['prɑdʌkt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 技术或产品的倡导者U 2unfreezing [ʌn'friz] 解冻unit production ['junɪt] [prə'dʌkʃən]单位产品V 11variation [,vɛrɪ'eʃən]变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety [və'raɪəti]变量valence ['veləns] 效价variable costs ['vɛrɪəbl] [kɔsts] 可变成本vertical communication ['vɝtɪkl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 纵向沟通vertical integration ['vɝtɪkl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 纵向一体化vestibule training ['vɛstɪbjul] ['trenɪŋ] 仿真培训volume flexibility ['vɑljum] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage ['vɝtɪkl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ]纵向连接venture team ['vɛntʃɚ] [tim] 风险团队value based leadership ['vælju] [best] ['lidɚʃɪp] 基于价值的领导W 7win-lose situation [wɪn] [luz] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 输赢情境win-win situation ['wɪn'wɪn] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 双赢情境workforce literacy ['wɝkfɔrs] ['lɪtərəsi]员工的读写能力work in progress [wɝk] [ɪn] ['prɑɡrɛs]在制品work flow redesign [wɝk] [flo] [,ridɪ'zaɪn] 工作流程再造成work flow automation [wɝk] [flo] [,ɔtə'meʃən]工作流程自动化whistle blowing ['wɪsl] ['bloɪŋ]揭发;举报Z 2zero-sum ['ziro'sʌm]零和；零和博弈zone of indifference(area of acceptance) [zon] [əv] [ɪn'dɪfrəns]（['ɛrɪə] [əv] [ək'sɛptəns]）无差异区域(可接受区域)。