工商管理专业英语词汇共18页
最新工商管理专业英语专业词汇汇总
Unit oneformal organization 正式组织division of labor 劳动分工departmentalization 部门化delegation 授权stakeholders 利害相关者organizational chart 组织结构图flatter organization 扁平组织cash flow 现金流量trade credit 商业信用short-term loans 短期贷款commercial paper商业票据life insurance companies 人寿保险公司pension funds 退休基金bonds 债券stocks 股票unit twomacroeconomics 宏观经济学national income theory 国民收入理论inflation通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩the level of interest rates 利率水平international trade balance国际贸易平衡monetary policy 货币政策fiscal policy财政政策unemployment rate 失业率price index 价格指数the consumer price index 消费价格指数the producer price index 生产价格指数the GDP price deflator GDP 价格平减指数nominal GDP 名义GDPreal GDP实际GDPdisposable income 可支配收入transfer payment 转移支付substitution effect 替代效应income effect 收入效应equilibrium price均衡价格equilibrium output均衡产出oil embargo 石油禁运multiplier effect 乘数效应expansionary monetary policy扩张货币政策time lags 时滞unit fourindustrial organization theory 产业组织理论sustained competitive advantage 可持续竞争优势contingency theory 权变理论the board of directors 董事会information symmetry 信息对称resource-based theory 资源基础理论unit fivehuman resource management 人力资源管理recruitment 招聘piece rate 计件工资率merit pay绩效工资job analysis 工作分析psychological assessment 心理评估semi-structured interview 半结构化面试16PF 卡特尔16种人格因素测试performance appraisal 绩效评价unit sixAmerican marketing association 美国市场营销协会line function 生产性职能staff function 服务性职能promotional mix 促销组合personal selling 人员推销unit sevenconsumer behavior 消费者行为consumer decision process 消费决策过程market segmentation 市场细分target market 目标市场unit eightplastic money 信用卡electronic commerce 电子商务banner advertisement 条幅广告brick-and-mortar business model 传统的有固定经营场所的经营模式search products 搜索式产品experience products 体验式产品customer relationship management 顾客关系管理。
工商管理专业英语词汇记忆
工商管理专业英语词汇记忆工商管理专业英语词汇记忆definitea.1.明确的，确切的2.一定的，肯定的单词记忆：de(表示强调)+fin(限制)+ite(形容词后缀)→限制一个范围→明确的，确切的missionn.使命，任务;代表团;布道;vt.派遣;向……传教单词记忆：miss(tosend派遣)+ion(名词后缀)→被派遣出去完成任务→使命，任务;代表团subtleadj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的unquestionableadj.毫无疑问的;确实的;无可挑剔的单词记忆：un(否定)+question(问题)+able(形容词后缀)→没有问题的→毫无疑问的;确实的;无可挑剔的soundvt.听(诊);测量，测…深;使发声;试探;宣告n.声音，语音;噪音;海峡;吵闹;听力范围;[医]探条adj.健全的，健康的;合理的;可靠的;有效彻底的attendancen.出席;到场;出席人数单词记忆：attend(出席)+ance(名词后缀)→出席;到场;出席人数quarrelvi.吵架;争论;挑剔;n.吵架;怨言;争吵的原因;方头凿vacantadj.空虚的;空的;空缺的;空闲的;茫然的单词记忆：vac(空的)+ant(形容词后缀)→空虚的;空的distinguishedadj.著名的;卓著的;高贵的单词记忆：distinguish(区别)+ed(形容词后缀)→区别对待的→著名的;卓著的;高贵的communicationn.通讯，[通信]通信;交流单词记忆：com(一起)+muni(服务，运动)+cation(复合名词后缀)→一起互动，交流→通讯，[通信]通信;交流delivervt.交付;发表;递送;释放;给予(打击);给…接生;vi.实现;传送;履行;投递单词记忆：de(down)+liver(live生命)→使新生命诞生下来→给…接生accidentn.1.意外遭遇，事故2.意外，意外因素单词记忆：ac(前缀，加强语气)+cid(发生)+ent(名词后缀)→偶然发生的→意外，事故dischargevi.获准离开,释放n.1.释放,解雇2.排出,发射3.卸(货),下(客)4.执行;履行n.排出，放出，放电单词记忆：dis(apart离开)+char(car车，搬运)+ge(age名词或者动词后缀)→准许离开beneathprep.在…之下adv.在下方单词记忆：be(加强)+neath(under)→在…之下adv.在下方friendshipn.友谊;友爱;友善单词记忆：friend(朋友)+ship(抽象状态名词后缀)→友谊;友爱;友善connectionn.连接;关系;连接件单词记忆：con(一起)+nect(next邻近，连接)+ion(名词后缀)→连接;关系cheerfuladj.快乐的;愉快的;高兴的单词记忆：cheer(愉快)+ful(形容词后缀)→快乐的;愉快的;高兴的miserableadj.悲惨的;痛苦的;卑鄙的单词记忆：miser(痛苦)+able(形容词后缀)→悲惨的;痛苦的unfortunateadj.不幸的;令人遗憾的;不成功的单词记忆：un(否定)+fortunate(幸运地)→不幸的;令人遗憾的nourishingadj.有营养的;滋养多的v.滋养;养育单词记忆：nourish(滋养)+ing(形容词缀)→滋养多的contentvt.使满足n.内容，目录;满足;容量adj.满意的单词记忆：con(together)+tent(tain包含)→包含了全书概括的部分→内容，目录debatevt.辩论，争论，讨论vi.辩论，争论，讨论n.辩论;辩论会单词记忆：de(down)+bate(打)→企图在语言上把别人打倒→辩论，争论inconveniencen.不便;麻烦vt.麻烦;打扰单词记忆：in(否定)+convenience(方便)→不便accommodatevt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解vi.适应;调解。
工商管理专业英语
工商管理专业英语第一篇：工商管理专业英语工商管理专业英语重点一．名词解释：1.whatisamanager?答：Amanager is a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the organization’s goals.2.What is the difference between middle managers and first-line managers?答：The heavier emphasis onmanaging group performance and allocating resources represent the most important differences between first-line ang middle managers.3.How can you characterize top-managers’ work?答：Top managers spend most of their day(over 75 percent)planning and leading.pressures and demands on top managers can be intense.4.What is the one of natural outcomes of outsourcing?答：Modular corporations come into being.二．选词填空1.Adrian was in charge of theallocation of available funds.2.Our firm is orientedtowards the export side of the business.3.The on-time delivery of goods is required in the contract.4.Thegraphic displays will be heloful to illustrate the increase of the output.panies cannot survive fierce competition without innovativepersonnels.6.Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job.7.The CEO and other high-level executives are often referred to as top management.8.The tasks that managers do include planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling the work of anorganization.9.Functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area,such as accounting,humanresources,sales,finance,marketing,or production.10.general managers areresponsiblefor the operations of a more complex unit,such as a company or a division.11.He carried out a number offraudson trusting people who lent him money..12.He would not havesucceeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur.13.They could not tell the commcnding officer from his subordinates.14.The two old rivals vie for the frist place.15.Some people cannot be trusted to work wihout supervision.16.Half of the medical supplies have already beenallocated to the victims of the earthquake.17.Can youdifferentiatethis kind of rose from the others?18.The factory haslaid offworkers because of the drop in sales.19.They were blame for their failure to hold downexpenditure.20.The companyhas slashed the costs of the project in order to seize the last chance to survive.21.The company is trying todiversify its range of products so that they can get more market shares.22.Mr.Black realized that his company was in dire straits and it went beyond him to deal with the whole situation.23.Tom, my next door neighbor, isexemptform military service because of his poor health.24.With the economic environment improved , his company’s sale in that area is getting less susceptible to the crisis.25.Mr.White declared that he was notli able for his partner’s debts.26.The employees sued their manager for breach of contract.27.If we cannot keep on holding the edge in the services, we’ll lose our share in market.28.Nowadays, the manufacturing industry cannotmake do without services.29.T o merge or not to merge—that’s the question.The board of the company hasdeferred the decision to do it.30.A country’sinfrastructureservices must develop with its economic growth because no advanced society can be without these services.31.三．翻译英译汉：1.Sometimes, though, a first-line manager is a recent college graduate who is responsible for the work of both hourly employees and professionals.Such a first-line manager is likely to have little hands-on ck of experience isn’t a problem if the new manager is willing to learn and has the competence to communicate with diverse types of people , to coach and counsel subordinates, and to provide constructive constructive feedback.答;然而有时一个第一线经理是新来的大学毕业生，负责管理计时雇员和专业人员的工作。
工商英语重点词汇及句子
一、专业词汇sub-process 子系统子过程company life cycle企业生命周期customer satisfaction顾客满意度cash flow现金流commercial paper商业汇票national income theory国民收入理论prince index价格指数aggregate supply总供给trade barriers贸易壁垒deflation通货膨胀compensatory damage补偿性赔偿limited partnership有限合伙制the internal revenue code国内税务法规internet economy互联网经济tangible and intangible assets有形和无形资产psychological assessment心理测评contingency theory权变理论information symmetry信息对称sustained competitive advantage持续竞争优势administrative assistant行政助理information flow信息流daily management日常管理strategic plan战略规划trade credit商业信贷aggregate economic analysis总量经济分析nation’s aggregate income and output国家总收入和总产出market economy市场经济customer prince index消费者价格指数aggregate demand总需求sanction of a society社会控制机制punitive damage惩罚性损失赔偿intangible entity无形实体publicly held corporation公开招募性公司article of corporation公司章程by-low议事程序stock certificate股权证明resource-based theory基于资源的理论rare resource稀有资源functional-level strategy职能层战略二、重点句子1. We hedge on this issue because an individual could possess the raw materials, production capabilities, and provide the end product for personal use and therefore exist as a business of one.我们之所以避开这个话题，是因为个人也可以拥有原材料、生产能力并提供最终产品供个人使用，因此也可以作为一个企业存在2. Economists are interested in being able to measure both the level of output of an economy and changes in that output level over time。
工商管理专业英的语词汇与专题集结分析
工商管理专业英语词汇与专题集结Unit 1 :The evolution of management as a field of studyPart 1：Glossary1、evolution n（生物进化，强调慢，由时间累加而成）change vt. 改变；交换 n. 变化；找回的零钱 vi. 改变；兑换revolution n 变革改革（工业变革、企业变革、思维变革）2、general adj 一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的 n. 一般；将军，上将；常规generalizable adj 课归纳的可概括的generalization n 概括generalize vi 形成概念 vt 概括推广generalized adj普遍的无显著特征的3、autobiography n自传自传文学biography n 传记档案个人简历4、memoir n回忆录5、extreme adj极其的extremely adv 极其地badly 极其地恶劣地非常地严重地heavily 沉重地猛烈地沉闷地（修饰可数名词）strongly 强有力地气味浓烈地（如酒的烈等）6、perspective n 观点视角 on the perspective of 以……视角respect n （可观存在的）方面aspect n（主观的）方面retrospect n 回顾 intro-- outro-- retro-- 后续7、turnover n流通量人员流失量资金周转 adj 可翻转的daily turnover 日产量annual turnover 年产量Takeaway 打包外卖8、approach（es） n 办法方法 vt 接近着手处理 vi 接近way（显而易见的）方法method（理论研究）方法Path（实现……路径）方法channel（营销方面）方法9、dynamize vt（考虑到通货膨胀等因素）增加（养老金、退休金等）价值使增加dynamical adj （连贯的）变化action 活动10、interdependent adj 相互依赖的互助的11、character n 性格特质characterize 描述（特征）Chinese character 中文汉子describe （文学）描述12、popularity n 普及声誉名望Populace n 大众民众popularization n 通俗化民众化13、reliance n 信赖信任受信赖的人或物 rely on 依赖依靠14、sufficient a 充足的15、sufficiency n 充足（可形容人自满自傲）16、alliance n 联盟联合17、complement n 补足物18、complementary adj 补足的补充的Part 21、 community n 社区社团（合法的）district n 区域地方行政communist n共产党共产主义 adj共产主义的communism n 共产主义communist party 共产党2、 social adj 社会的人际的socialism n 社会主义的社会主义者（socialist）3、 capitalism n 资本主义资本4、 imperialism n 帝国主义5、 CEO （chief executive officer）CFO （chief finance officer）COO （chief operation officer）CDO （chief design officer）6、agency n代理中介代理处travel agency 旅行社7、 managing director 总经理常务理事总裁8、 supervisor 主管9、 market share 市场占有率10、prevailing price 流行价格（基于市场的）on the prevailing price 吃回扣market cut （口语中不正当的、不合法的）回扣11、managerial competency 管理胜任能力12、insurance agency 保险机构13、task force 特别小组14、allocation of resource 资源配置15、sales associate 销售合伙人销售助理 peer 同事Unit 2：The scope of managementPart 1：Glossary1、 entail vt 使承担需要（必须的）伴随 n 零售批发entailment n 限定继承retail vt. 零售；转述 vi. 零售 n. 零售 adv. 以零售方式 adj. 零售的t ail n 尾巴2、conform v 使一致；使需要 conform to 遵照、符合Conformable a 顺从的、合适的、一致的Conformance n 顺应、一致Conformation n 构造Reform v 改革、改制Transform 变形Inform v 通知3、envision v 想像Vision n 视力、视觉、视野、远见Visible a 可见的Visionary n 空想家、梦想家Visibility n 可见物4、strive v 奋斗、争取Strive for 为……奋斗、争取（+目标或者物）Strive toward （常常+目标，朝……奋斗）Strive with +人与……一起奋斗5、mission n 使命（短期内不可实现）（难度很大）Task n 相当具体的任务（往往是上级下达的）Target n 任务目标Goal n （长期）目标Assignment n 任务分配（如大学作业，职位等）6、franchise n 代理、特许经营、特许经营权（如KFC或者HM)Dealership n 代理商、经营权Chain store 广泛性质的连锁（如绝味鸭脖）Territory sales （manager）大众化区域经理Territory dealership 区域经销权（代理商）7、tactical a （贬义）战术的（用手段完成）Tactic n 策略，战略Strategy n （褒义词）战略、策略Stick（y） a 小把戏、小技巧8、department n 部门的、院系的、科室Dept n 简写9、peer n 同级的同事Colleague n 同事Coworker n 团队同事（短期合作）10、foster v 促进、抚养、培养Promote v 职位晋升、销售的促销Promotion n 职位晋升、促销Enhance v 加强（没有strengthen程度强）Push v 强制推行或执行11、stakeholder n 持股人、股东Ower n 拥有者Partner n 搭档Manager n 管理者补充：informercial n 商业信息片Commercial n 商业，通过利益获取利润（贬义）Unit 3：What are organizations？Part 1：Glossary1、beast n 事物2、organ n 器官organize v 指人或动物的组织organization n 组织3、contrivance n 发明（物）、机械、谋划contrived a 牵强的contrive v 设计、谋划、发明4、patronage n 所有顾客谢谢惠顾patrons n 老顾客crew n （飞机、火车、船）的工作人员staff n 员工（下级）teamplayer n （比赛）成员5、impact n 影响力Impact on 对……影响influence n 影响6、associate v 联合、结合associate with…………联合7、whim n 突然想起的念头（怪）、一时兴致idea n 清晰的注意（能被人接受）thought n 伟人思想hope （可实现的）wish （虚拟的）imagination n 想象illustion n 由药物酒精而产生的幻觉fancy n 意想不到的惊喜、新潮的、昂贵的（酒店、餐厅）fancied a 空想的fanciful a 空想的（东西）fantasy n 白日梦fantistico n 爱奇思怪想的人8、achieve v 获取、取得（正面的东西）attain v 获取achievement n 成就成果achievable a 可实现的9、soul n 灵魂、人、精髓（理论、思想……）lack soul 缺乏内涵ghost泛指真正的鬼魂10、virtue n 美德By virtue of 由于……/鉴于……virtual a 虚拟的11、survival n 生存、幸存survive （in） v 靠……维持；以……存活survivable a 幸存的survivor n 幸存者12、efficiency n 功效、效率、效能efficient a 直接生效的relieve v 缓解13、intellectual a 智力的intelligence n 由于学习知识，智力的提升Central intelligence agency （CIA）中央情报局（美国）intelligible a 明白易懂的intellect n 智力、理解力、知识分子、智力高的人、思维逻辑领悟力intellection n 智力活动Intellectual property 知识产权Intellectual works 脑力活动14、chart n （泛指）图表Curve n 特指曲线图pie n 指扁形图Table n 指财务报表Form n （需写个人信息）图表（如酒店入住）Graph n （带有图片说明）图表Part 2Aspect vs RespectSide （两面的）面 by your side 在你身边Field (具体的领域）领域Area （范围广）区域Factor （文章中提到的要点、具体某点）要素Facet （立体的面）建筑物的面Dimension （指空间交叉的维度）维度Lateral 指边的Unilateral 单边的、独边的Multilateral 多变的Marginal边缘化（国际关系……）页边Refer v 参考Refer to ……as 作为……提及Reference n 参考文献Profit—oriented 营利导向的Nonprofit 非营利的Profitable 可营利的Profit vs benefitProfit 贬义词是指营利以后给的好处Benefit 褒义词包含各方面的好处Unit 4：Developing quality and competitive advantagePart 1：Glossary1、innovation n 创新、革新innovative a 创新的，革新的（突破，不一定是史无前例的创新）Creative a 创造性、创新的（指方法、观点、思想的创新，前所未有的） Innovate v 创新、创造2、optimize v 使最优化（决策）Optimization n 最优化Optimistic a 乐观的Optimist n 乐观主义者Optimism n 乐观主义Optimistical a 乐观的、乐天的Optimistically a 乐观地、乐天地3、medieval a 中世纪的、（贬）原始的、仿中世纪的、老式的medievalism n 中世纪精神、中世纪性质4、usher v 宣告、展示介绍、开始、开创5、exoticism n 异国风情、情调strange a 由陌生不熟悉产生的奇怪weird a 对行为性格、事件超出常规的奇怪exotic a 由宗教或风俗所产生的奇怪6、strenuous a 艰苦的、需要付出巨大努力的（对应achieve）effort （努力程度最轻）努力struggle v （生死线上、不是一般的努力）挣扎7、artifical a 人工智能的、非真实的、伪造的fake n 赝品counterfeit n 仿制品、仿冒品knockoff n 名牌的仿制品copycat n 没有主见的模仿（包括人和物）Shanzhai 山寨山寨手机：Robinhood cellphone8、navigate v （航海领域、空中、陆地）导航navigation n 航行、航海navigable a 可航行的、可驾驶的、适于航行的navigability n 耐航性9、prototype n 原型、标准、模范stereotype v 使用铅板、套用老套、使一成不变 n 陈腔滥调、老套、铅板Unit 5：Competitive industry environment analysisPart 1：Glossary1、long-term 长期的2、aggregation a 集合体3、carbonated a 充了碳酸气的4、alignment n 结盟5、meaningless a 无意义的、无价值的6、withdrawal n 撤退7、interactive a 互相作用的8、nutrition n 营养9、pharmaceutical a 制药的10、niche n 产品或服务所需的特殊领域11、entrant n 参加竞赛者12、replenishment n 补给补充13、alleviate v 减轻14、shakeout 经济衰退Inventory list 库存清单 future deal 期货交易 stock deal 股票交易Spot deal 现货交易 trade mark 商标 executive director执行理事第六单元和第七单元的词汇全看专业英语题型解析：选词填空：看专业英语书每单元后面练习II、Vocabulary Review的选词填空部分，试卷题目为四选一，相对简单点，但是一定要记得词汇本身固有的搭配，可参照总结的词汇。
商务英语工商导论专业单词表
stockholder 股东Fundamentals of business executive 公司行政领导Unit 1franchisor 授予特许者dsole proprietorship 商个体，个体户écor （店铺）装饰attire （员工）服装partnership 商合伙，合伙公司corporation (股份有限)公司unit 2 franchise 特许经营replica 执照复制品)license/permit (营业centralized 中央集权的sole proprietor 个体业主chronic shortage 长期短缺shareholder 股东product-oriented 产品导向的board director 董事会成员，董事acquire unlimited liability 无限责任获得personal selling 获取方法，渠道当面推销accesspublicity 资产assets 媒体推介bulk buying financing 筹集的资金，融资大宗购买discount price 打折销售marketing 营销uniform specification 统一规格dissolution 解散marketing mix 营销组合法律事务所law firmpromotion 促销accounting firm 会计事务所utility 功能，便利real estate firm 房地产公司channels of distribution 分销渠道，销售渠道partner 合伙人general partner 市场细分market segmentation 普通合伙人…)limited partner (责任有限合伙人瞄准，集中精力于zero in on…人口统计的供货商supplier demographicextend credit 提供信贷消费心态学psychographic法律框架legal framework 产品用途因素product-use variable破产go brokeunit 3internal conflict 内部纷争，冲突肉汤convenience goods 方便商品broth incorporator shopping goods （货比三家后再购买的）商品公司股东sales revenue 销售收入specialty goods 特种商品，特色商品feasibility 可行的法人legal person可销售性sue 起诉，控告marketabilitybankrupt 样品，样机pilot model 破产bond 债权样机prototype商业化抵押物collateral commercialization产品生命周期…finance 为提供资金product life cycle定价扩张expansion pricing所有权与经profit-oriented objectives 利润导向型目标separated ownership and managementreturn on capital 资本（投资）回报率营分离销售额导向型目标termination 终结sales-oriented objectiveresilient 亏本销售，赔本买卖be sold under cost 可恢复的有弹性的，跟进型目标follow-the leader objective dividend 股息，分红equilibrium price 所得税income tax 均衡点价格双重征税double taxation 盈亏平衡点break-even公司执照corporate charter 双刃剑double-edge swordindustrial relations 劳资关系撇脂战略skimming strategy渗透战略penetration strategy 引起，导致incurloss leader pricing strategy （用少量低价商品）诱premium 奖励券trade stamp 行业优惠券导战略redeem 兑换，返还odd pricing strategy 心理定价战略trade show 行业展览会price lining strategy 分类定价战略sponsorship 赞助unit 4 public relations 公共关系publicity 媒体推介wholesaler 批发商word of mouth 口碑retailer 零售商discount store 折扣商店，平价商店unit 6周转率turnoverportability 邮购公司可携带性mail-order housedivisibility vending machine 自动售货机可分割性stability 虚拟商店，网上商店稳定性virtual storedurability 耐用性，耐磨损性agent 代理商acceptability 合法使用性经纪人brokerdenomination 面值time utility 时间上的方便paper note 纸币place utility 地点上的方便inflation 通货膨胀ownership utility 获得拥有权上的方便transaction 交易信息上的方便information utilitycirculation 流通form utility 产品成型上的方便legal tender 法定货币truck rates 卡车运费medium of exchange perishable 易腐烂的交换媒体store of value 价值存储叉车forkliftunit of account conveyer belt 运输带计算单位，会计单位活期存款demand deposit crane 吊车产生利息的interest-bearingunit 5支票帐户checking account取款withdrawal 促销组合promotion mixproduct advertising 产品广告minimum balance 最少余额credit union 厂商整体形象广告institutional advertising 信用社serial number 序列号outdoor billboard 户外广告牌spot liquidity变现性，流动性（播放）时段specialist magazine 专业杂志portfolio 投资组合有价证券（互联网上的）超媒体hypermedia securities存款帐户savings account yellow pages 电话薄货币兑换currency exchange 广告代理公司advertising agency信用证artwork 艺术设计letters of creditcommission 银行承兑＇s acceptance banker佣金draft 汇票物色（潜在顾客）prospectaccess card 自动柜员机卡确认qualify接触（顾客）信用卡credit card approach借记卡debit card 演示make presentation理财咨询financial counseling 处理（顾客）不同意见handle objectionshome mortgage 成交close 住房抵押互助储蓄银行follow-up售后跟踪mutual savings bank销售点上的演示point-of-sale displays 存款人depositorsweep stakes 摸奖，赌券养老基金pension fund保险费premium 打折券，优惠券couponunchecked 不受控制的creditor 债权人liquidation 可持续的清算sustainableFederal Reserve 美国联邦储备局unit 8美联储Fedmanagerial accounting 管理会计discount rate 贴现率financial accounting 财务会计open-market operation 公开市场运作financial statement vault 金库财务报表balance sheet 资产负债表dealer （有价证券）券商owner＇s equity 所有者权益unit 7patent 专利copyright 版权行业信用trade creditcurrent assets 流动资产commercial paper 短期融资券fixed assets 固定资产factor （对应收帐等的）贴现intangible assets 无形资产account receivable 应收账款liabilities 负债account payable 应付账款current liabilities open account 开立账户，赊账帐户流动负债long-term liabilities 长期负债promissory note 本票current ratio 流动比率draft 汇票quick ratio （acid test ratio）速动比率义务，债务obligationrental revenue line of credit 信用额度租赁收入gross profit margin 无担保的secured/ unsecured 有/ 毛利润率net profit margin 净利润率collateral 抵押物inventory turnover 库存周转率inventory 库存average inventory 平均库存compensating balance 补偿余额account receivable turnover 循环信用revolving credit 应收账款周转率the going interest rate 市场利率s investment ＇投资回报率return on owner 面值face valueunit 9factor 贴现商securities market 债务资本debt capital 证券市场underwrite 承销corporate bond 公司债券broker 经纪人equity capital 权益资本retained earnings 留用利润stock exchange 股票交易所股票经销商（公司）股息dividend stock brokerage预计股价会涨者，买多者bull depreciation 折旧预计股票会跌者，卖空者bear 一个公司的股票总称stock投机者IOU 借据speculator股权融资equity financing 放弃forfeitshare 股票其中的一张growth stocks 绩优股借款融资debt financing blue chip 蓝筹股，绩优股资本结构capital structure speculative issues 收益与风险俱大的股票现金流cash flowunit 10utilities companies 水，电等公用事业公司risk management 风险管理到期日maturity date半成品本金principal works-in-process概率redemption premium 赎金probability优先股preferred stock pirating 海盗活动callable 可召回的马六甲海峡the Strait of Malacca 套期保值hedging 普通股common stockfeed 饲料meeting of the minds 合意coercion 胁迫risk-sharing mechanism风险分担机制fraudulent manipulation 欺诈操纵premium 保险费consideration 对价insurance policy 保险合同proper form 可保利益有效形式insurable interestbreach of contract 违约indemnity 补偿enforceable 可实施的，可执行的subrogation 代位tort law 侵权法proximate cause 近因negligence insured 保户疏忽surgical forceps 抚养人手术用镊子dependenttitle to property 财产所有权utmost good faith 最大诚信trial 赔偿compensation 试用cash on delivery 货到付款，交货付现contribution 全部赔偿不能超过应得补偿free on board 离岸价格insurable risk 可保风险unauthorized 未经授权的underwrite 承保royalty 版税，专利使用费保户policyholderlicense 允许使用（专利）property insurance 财产险warranty 担保marine insurance 海险merchantability 可用性adversity 灾祸refund 退款航空险aviation insurancenegotiable instrument liability insurance 责任险票据certificate of deposit 单位，私家所属的场所存款单premisesmaker worker＇s compensation 工伤赔偿（本票，支票）出票人drawer （汇票）出票人split-liability 责任分担endorsement vandalism 打砸等破坏行为背书blank endorsement 无过错汽车保险no-fault auto insurance 普通背书restrictive endorsement （指定收票人的）特种背reimburse 报销surgical expenses 手术费用书qualified endorsement 限定性背书hospital expenses 住院费用without recourse 不可追索自选组合cafeteria planagency law 代理法term life insurance 简单寿险principal 定期寿险limited payment life insurance 委托人，授权人agent endowment life insurance 增值寿险代理人power of attorney 委任书，授权书完全寿险straight life insuranceequitable 公平的group life insurance 集团寿险terms of reference 授权范围关键人物险key person insuranceoverbill 信用寿险开出超过合理数额的账单credit life insurancebankruptcy law fidelity bond 忠实险破产法petition for bankruptcy 履行义务险破产申请surety bond referee 调解人unit 11trustee 托管人proceeds 普通法，习惯法，判例法common law 收益extension agreement 制定法，成文法statutory law 延展协议reorganization regulatory law 行政法规重组jurisdiction 管辖，权限unit 13合法目的lawful purposeplanning 合同各方具备能力competency of parties 规划手段和目的means and ends 自愿缔约voluntary agreement organizing 组织chain of command 指挥链，指令链leading 领导motivate 激励，激发autonomy 自主权rewards 回报，奖励controlling 调控deviation 偏离，背离corrective measure 矫正措施chief executive officer 首席执行官function/division manager 部门经理operating manager 操作层经理human skills 人际关系技能conceptual skills 概括技能technical skills 操作技能recruit 招聘，招募political tint 政治色彩bottom-line manager 一线经理，基层经理proven track record 被实践证明的业绩记录headhunter 猎头公司job specialization 工作专门化departmentalization 部门化unity of command 统一指挥line authority 直线职权staff authority 职能（部门的）职权line-and-staff organization 直线――职能混合型组织responsibility 责任delegation分权，授权span of management 管理跨度，管理幅度hierarchical levels 管理层次，组织结构层次functional organization 按功能划分部门的组织divisional organization 按事业部划分的组织division manager 部门经理，事业部经理generalist 经验全面的人才，通才matrix organization 矩阵型组织standing committee 常设委员会ad hoc committee 特别委员会grapevine 非正式沟通的途径。
工商管理专业英语
affordable adj. 支付得起的、不太昂贵的 v. afford 担负得起、提供、给予 affordable housing 经济适用房
3. 3. Focus: specific regional market or customer groups
Managerial Structure
First-line managers middle managers
top managers
Strategic goals
tactical objectives operational objectives
adj. 客观的、真实的、目标的
Management pyramid 管理金字塔、管理组织结构 Top managers 高层管理者（通常包括CEO, COO, CFO, CIO等） Strategic goals 战略目标（全局的、总体的目标） Middle managers 中层管理者（通常包括部门经理、分公司经理等） Tactical objectives 战术目标（部门的目标、服从于strategic
New Manager
1.Thinks of self as sponsor（发起者主 办 者 ） , team leader, or internal consultant（顾问）. 2.Deals with anyone necessary to get the job done. 3.Changes organizational structures in response to market change. 4.Invites others to join in decision making. 5.Shares information.
工商管理英语词汇
Unit 1Fortune Magazine 财富杂志500---topenterprises 500强企业Organizational settings/structure 组织设置/设计Organizational goal 组织目标Common goal 共同目标for-profit companies 盈利性公司non-profit companies 非盈利性组织Market share 市场份额Manager 经理General Manager 总经理Deputy General Manager 副总经理Department manager 部门经理Product manager 产品经理Account manager 财务经理Plant manager 工厂经理Division manager 分部经理District manager 区域经理Task force manager 业务经理CEO: Chief executives officer 首席执行官Chief knowledge officer 首席培训官Chief information officer 首席信息官President 总裁Managing director 常务董事Supervisor 督导员Coach 培训员insurance agent 保险业务员stockbroker 股票经济人accountant 会计师lawyer 律师famous brand 名牌managerial competencies 管理能力revenue 营业收益scope of management 管理幅度quality control 质量控制communication competency 沟通能力empower 授权goods and services 商品和服务Unit 2level of management 管理层次first-line manager 一线经理/基层管理者steel production plant 钢铁生产厂sales manager 销售经理dealership 经销（商）telemarketing center 电话营销中心parts 零件settle disputes 解决争端overtime 加班inspect products 检验产品technical expertise 专业技术day-to-day task 日常工作middle management 中层管理者nonmanagerial personnel 非管理人员director of finance 财务主任receptionist 接待员stuff assistant 助理人员evaluation criteria 评估标准performance 业绩delegate 授权mission 宗旨government negotiation 政府谈判community affairs 社区事务business competition 商业竞争managerial thoughts 管理思想restructuring of organization 企业重组merger 合并downsize 缩小规模lay off 使…下岗；解雇decentralization 分散决策bureaucracy 官僚作风layers of hierarchy 机构层次improve customer relations 改善客户关系human resource 人力资源authoritarian management 独裁主义管理self-management 自我管理autonomous companies 独立公司outsourcing 外包modular corporation 组件公司apparel company 服装公司strategic decisions 战略决策unit cost of production 单位生产成本overhead 一般管理费用competitive advantage 竞争优势strategic alliance 战略联盟reap benefits 获得收益biotechnology 生化技术pharmaceuticals 制药业economics 经济学economic behavior 经济行为scarcity 稀缺性individual decisionmaking 个人决策tradeoff 交换关系efficiency 效率equity 公平opportunity cost 机会成本rational people 理性人margin 边际MR marginal revenue 边际收益MC marginal cost 边际成本MU marginal utility 边际效用incentives 激励competitors and partners 竞争对手和贸易伙伴supply 供给demand 需求economic equilibrium 经济均衡change in demand 需求的变动change in supply 供给的变动Change in quantity demanded 需求量的变动change in quantity supplied 供给量的变动preference 偏好factors of production 生产要素surplus 剩余shortage 短缺theory of the firm 公司理论perfect competition 完全竞争price-taker 价格的接受者price-setter 价格的制定者monopoly 垄断oligopolistic 寡头垄断competitive monopoly 垄断竞争TC total cost 总成本TFC total fixed cost 总固定成本TVC total variable cost 总可变成本ATC average total cost 平均总成本AFC average fixed cost 平均固定成本A VC average variable cost 平均可变成本market economy 市场经济factor market 要素市场invisible hand 看不见的手value of a good 商品价值welfare of the society 社会福利market failure 市场失灵government intervention 政府干预externality 外部性external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本market power 市场权利public goods 公共物品standard of living 生活水平inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩CPI: consumer price index 消费价格指数budget deficit 预算赤字minimum-wage laws 最低工资法trade union 工会financial market 金融市场economic policymaker 经济政策制定者Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲线equitable distribution 平均分配personal income tax 个人所得税welfare system 福利制度health care 医疗national income account 国民收入帐户expenditure approach 支出法GDP 国内生产总值capital goods 资本品capital stock 资本存货transfer payment 转移支付government bonds 政府债券tax evasion 偷税、漏税frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业structural unemployment 结构性失业cyclical unemployment 周期性失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业primary responsibility 主要责任planning framework 计划框架read future 解读未来management by objectives 目标管理set goals 设定目标develop action plan 指定行动计划review progress 检查进展情况quality goals 质量目标periodic review/check up 定期检查appraise overall performance 评价总体绩效safety problem 安全问题quarterly safety reports 每季度安全报告single-use plan 一次性计划standing plans 常备计划quality planning 质量计划shewhart cycle shewhart循环service quality 服务质量contingency plan 应变计划scenario 方案corporate goals 公司目标planning time horizon 计划时间范围performance appraisal system 业绩评估体系emergency budget 紧急预算flexibility 灵活性adaptability 适应性system of safety recognition 安全认定系统line supervisor 基层管理者commendation letter 表彰信corporate values 公司价值观念market standing 市场定位mission statement 企业宗旨说明learning organization 学习型组织top-down approach 自上而下制定计划法bottom-up approach 自下而上制定计划法long-range planning 长期计划Organizing 组织restructure 结构重组deployment of resources 资源配置mechanism for coordinating 协作机制decision responsibility 决策职责hierarchical level 组织层极span of managers’ control 经理管理职权vertical control 纵向控制work specialization 工作专业化division of labor 劳动分工chain of command 指令链unity of command 指令唯一性delegation 授权tyrants 独裁者accountability 承担责任line authority 业务权力staff authority 职能权力line department 业务部门staff department 职能部门centralization 集中决策decentralization 分散决策formalization 规范化rule books 规章手册job description 工作观念vertical functional approach 纵向管理divisional approach 分层管理horizontal matrix 横向矩阵结构team-based approach 任务组管理network approach 组件管理divisional structure 分层管理结构product structure 产品机构program structure 项目结构self-contained unit structure 自己自足的单位结构geographic structure 地区性管理结构autonomous business 独立自治企业medium-sized corporation 中型企业dual/two lines of authority 双重领导product line 产品业务key matrix roles 矩阵管理中的关键作用cross-functional team 跨功能工作组virtual network 虚拟组件final assembly 成品组装leading 领导motivation 激励Need theories 需求理论Hierarchy of needs theory 需求层次理论Two-factor theory 双因素理论Process theories 过程型理论Expectancy theory 期望理论Goal-setting theory 目标设置理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Motivation process 激励过程Content theories 内容型理论Physiological needs 生理需求Safety needs 安全需求Belongingness needs 归属需求Esteem needs 尊重需求Self-actualization needs 自我实现需求Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需求Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需求Need for power (nPow) 权力需求position power 职位权力legitimate power 法理权力reward power 奖赏权力coercive power 惩罚权力personal power 个性化权力expert power 专业技能权力referent power 禀性相关权力Equity theory 公平理论charismatic leadership 个人魅力型领导autocratic leader 独断/专断型领导democratic leader 民主型领导authoritarian management 极权型领导centralize authority 集权supportive leadership 支持型领导directive leadership 指导型领导participative leadership 参与型领导achievement-oriented leadership 业绩导向型领导transformational leadership 变革型领导transactional leadership 运作型领导servant leadership 公仆型领导organizational settings 组织结构/设置shared vision 共识design structure 设计企业结构Unit 9control process 控制过程control system 控制系统strategic control 战略控制tactical control 战术控制operational control 作业控制organizational control 企业控制feedforward control 事前控制concurrent control 事中控制feedback control 事后控制budget and financial controls 预算和财务控制liguidity ratios 流动比率activity ratios 业绩比率profitability ratios 利润率leverage tatios 杠杆比率expense budget 支出预算capital budget 资本预算revenue budget 收入预算cash budget 现金预算market control 市场控制overcontrol 过度控制undercontrol 控制不足bureaucratic control 层级管理方法decentralization control 权力下放/分权管理self-discipline 自律individual performance 个人表现corporate culture 公司/企业文化employee s’ commitment involvement 雇员的承诺与参与monitor and influence employees’ behavior 监督、影响雇员行为define minimal standards 规定最低限度标准control the flow and pace of work 控制工作流量与速度Too much control can backfire 过多的控制会产生事与愿违的结果。