英语教学法第七单元Teaching grammar
英语教学法unit7-teaching-grammar
❖Grammar teaching can be seen in most formal classroom language teaching.
7.2 Grammar presentation methods
❖The deductive method ❖The inductive method ❖The guided discovery method ❖Teaching grammar using listening
However, the deductive method is not without merits.
❖ It could be very successful with selected and motivated students.
❖ It could save time when students are confronted with a grammar rule which is complex but which has to be learned.
In the guided discovery method, students are presented with contextualized scenarios illustrating a specific structure. Students are then guided to discover the underlying rule of the structure as well as its meaning in context followed by explicit teaching and learning of the targeted structure. For example, in teaching the “too … to…” structure, the teacher holds a picture of a heavy box labeled 200kg and asks the class to look at the picture.
Unit7teachinggrammar教学法
Chinglish:
话说一个国内知名企业，一天来了一个重要的外宾，下面是前
台的对话。
Miss A：“hello.”
MipwslasaiyAti，n：gy，o“unyoowu apitey，oouprlyesoeulfhanvoleotokt，wimaaieltl，，ypyoeououplegcoa！nar”e
Msrp.eBa“k goEondglishhe？av”ens. anybody here can
Miysosu A o：ne“shhaovuet wwhhaatt tshhinogu?t”，quiet a little，
2) Children do not learn grammar rules when they acquire their first language, so they do not need them either when learning a foreign language.
3) If students get enough chance to practice using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar.
Unit 7 Teaching Grammar
Teaching contents:
1. The role of grammar in language learning
2. The major types of grammar presentation methods
王蔷 英语教学法教程 第二版 Unit7
第7章Teaching grammar语法练习的活动会表述、设计一、The importance、value of grammar in language learningIt is generally believed that grammar teaching is less important for children than for adults. Grammar teaching is less important in listening and reading than in writing, and can be seen in most formal classroom language teaching. But the importance of grammar cannot be denied. Grammatical competence is essential for communication and there is often an inadequate treatment of grammar in most communicative syllabuses resulting in lower level of accuracy than the cases under formal instruction. English grammar is the core of English language. Without grammar English language cannot be well constructed. However, it should be noted that learning grammar itself is not the ultimate goal of learning English. It is natural that Chinese grammar in the minds of Chinese students, and it's not easy to take in the grammar of a foreign language. But this difficulty must be overcome. If you cannot solve this difficulty, the foreign language you write, though it may be understandable, will be Chinese style English.二、Grammar presentation 如何教语法3+41. The deductive method:The deductive method relies on reasoning, analysing and comparing. First, the teacher writes an example on the board. Then the teacher explains the underlying rules. The explanations are often done in the student’s native language. Finally, the students practise applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts.(1) Advantages: good for selected and motivate students; save time to explain complex rules; increase students’ confidence in examination(2) Disadvantages: grammar is taught isolatedly; little attention is paid to meaning; the practice is often mechanical2. The inductive method: 能自己说出步骤书上The teacher provides learners with authentic language data and induces the learners to realize grammar rules without any form of explicit explanation.(1) Advantages: students will become evident to the grammar rules if they are given enough appropriate examples. This is especially true with grammatical regularities which are easily understood and applied. Inspire students’ thinking activities; motivate students’ learning interests; grammar is taught in context.(2) Disadvantages: the presentation of grammar is more complex and time consumption is huge; grammar is not taught directly; some rules can’t be induced easily.3. The guided discovery method: 能自己说出步骤书上It is similar to the inductive method in that the students are induced to discover rules by themselves but different in that the process of the discovery is carefully guided and assisted by the teacher and the rules are then elicited and taught explicitly.4. Some new approaches to teaching grammar:①Collocational: It means that the grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories.②Constructive: It means that one’s knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit, which closely models the way language is learned and used.③Contextual: It means that elements and structures are taught in relation to their context. Syntactic and lexical choices are explicitly related to pragmatic ones, and to social and cultural contexts.④Contrastive: It means that grammar involves drawing the learner’s attention to contrast the differences between the target language and other language.三、Factors contribute to successful practice 6个因素(因素，准则，原则可作为措施的要点答题)①Pre-learning:②V olume and repetition:③Success-orientation:④Heterogeneity:⑤Teacher assistance:⑥Interest:四、评述语法教学方法P115。
Unit 7 Teaching Grammar
learning, the importance of
grammar cannot be denied.
• Grammatical competence is essential
for communication (Brown, 1994;
Larsen-Freeman,1991)
The ultimate goal of language teaching is
Unit Seven
Teaching Grammar
Warming-up questions for grammar teaching
How did your middle school English
teachers teach you English grammar? What do you think of this kind of teaching?
Conclusion
Grammatical accuracy on its own is a dead end, unless used to receive and produce interesting and purposeful meanings within the context of reallife language use.
situations.
• There is often an inadequate treatment of grammar in most communicative syllabuses, resulting
in lower level of accuracy than the
cases under formal instruction.(淡化
☻ Grammar teaching has always been one of the most controversial and least understood aspects of language teaching. ☻ ‘Grammar teaching’ can mean different things to different people.
中学英语教学法 Unit 7 Teaching Grammar (1)
句型呈现流程：教师设景 师生对话
呈现句型 拟练习。
板书句型 生生互动模
2、语法复习模式
可以采用“集中呈现——对比分析——专 项梳理――巩固运用”。
集中呈现：教师可以集中本模块所涉及 的语法内容和在以前模块学过的相关内 容或帮助学生将教材中分散的语法点进 行归纳和整理，集中呈现，系统讲解， 融汇贯通。
对比分析：指在教师的引导下，找出例 词或例句在形式上或用法上的异同。
注意要精选典型例句！
英英对比：教师适当进行英语语法知识系统 内部的比较，要求学生找出各语 法之间内在的联系，以掌握其特 征和用法。
如：一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时， 可以对比这三种时态的定义、结构、谓语动 词变化规则、时间状语及各种句式的转换等。
Yes, she _i_s__ 7. A__r_e_ Lily and Lucy t_a_k_i_n_g_(take) pictures now?
NO, t_h_e_y_ a_r_e_n_. T__h_e_y a_r_e__p_la_y_i_n_g(play) cards. 8.The cat_i_s’_li_ts_t_e_ni_n_g (listen) to English news now.
What is the old man doing? He is writing a postcard.
What are they doing then? They are having a birthday party.
shopping for presents
What are they doing? They are shopping for presents.
2.变换情景, 口头操练
What is he doing?
Unit 7Teaching Grammar
The synthesis approaches to grammatical pedagogy
Collocational: grammar should be built on collocational relations between individual lexical items and their subcategories. Constructive: one’s knowledge of grammar is built bit by bit, which closely model the way language is learned and used.
The Assumptions about grammar in language learning 1 2 3 4 5 Students need to be given detailed grammar rules if they are to learn a foreign language successfully Children do not need to learn grammar rules when they acquire their first languages, so they do not need them either when learning a foreign language. If students get enough chance to practice using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar. Making students aware of grammatical information is one of the teaching objectives, allowing students opportunities for using the language is just as important.
《英语教学法》Unit 7 Teaching Grammar
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1.
This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber was used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey.
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2.1 General approaches to grammar presentation
2.1.1 Extracts from lessons teaching "some" and "any"
Read the two extracts from lessons teaching "some" and "any", then think about the difference between the two presentations.
Inductive approach (归纳法）
The teacher provides learners with authentic language data and induces the learners to realise grammar rules (often) without any form of explicit explanation. Defects: 1. It can be much more time-consuming. 2. It may be more demanding on the teacher. 3. Students might misform rules in their own minds. 4. It might not suit the students who are preparing for the state examinations. Merits:
《英语教学法》Unit 7 Teaching Grammar
Inductive approach (归纳法）
The teacher provides learners with authentic language data and induces the learners to realise grammar rules (often) without any form of explicit explanation. Defects: 1. It can be much more time-consuming. 2. It may be more demanding on the teacher. 3. Students might misform rules in their own minds. 4. It might not suit the students who are preparing for the state examinations. Merits:
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2.2 Specific grammar presentation techniques
use realia or picutures use a video teachers demonstrate use a text use listening input
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2.1.3 The guided discovery method (指导性发 现法）
Ss are presented with contextualised scenarios illustrrasting a specific structure, then guided to discover the underlying rule of the structuer as well as its meaning in context, and teacher explicitly teaches the target structure. Distinction between the inductive method and the guied discovery method
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Despite many different views about the role of grammar in language learning, the importance of grammar cannot be denied.
Grammatical competence is essential for communication (Brown, 1994; Larsen-Freeman,1991)
Is your mother busy today?
Yes,She is(No,She is not)
Do you like pop music?
Yes,I do(No,I do not)
Have you ever been to Beijing?
Yes,I have(No,I have not)
Grammar teaching can be seen in most formal classroom language teaching.
Grammar teaching can be seen in most formal classroom language teaching.
1) The deductive method（演绎法）
There is often an inadequate
treatment of grammar in most
communicative
syllabuses,
resulting in lower level of
accuracy than the cases under
formal instruction.( 淡 化 语 法 ）
and instructional variables.
It is generally believed that
Grammar teaching is less important for children than for adults;
Grammar teaching is less important in listening and reading than in writing.
It may help to increase student’ confidence in those examinations which are written with accuracy as the main criterion of success.
In the inductive method, the teacher induces the learners to realise grammar rules without any form of explicit explanation.
2) The inductive method（归纳法） 3) The guided discovery method
(引导发现法）
The deductive method relies on reasoning, analysing and comparing.
1) Presentation of an example → 2) explanation of the underlying rules → 3) Ss’s practice with given prompts.
MissA:"Hello".
Mr.B:"Hi".
MissA:You have wห้องสมุดไป่ตู้at thing?
Mr.B:Can you speak English?
MissA：If I not speak English,I am speaking what?
Mr.B:Can anybody else speak English?
强调句句型结构 It+is(was)+被强调部分+that(who)+ 句子其他部分
It was your sister that(whom) Tom met in the zoo yesterday.
It was in the zoo that Tom met your sister yesterday.
class.
The traditional way of teaching grammar as the following 3 steps :
1. to learn about the grammar rules, 2. to study a few examples, 3. to do some written grammar exercises.
Group Members:
施政，李曦茜， 杜佳纹，汤小敏，贾岚鈞
What do you think and feel about grammar?
Must a learner learn grammar when using a foreign language?
English grammar is the core of English language.Without grammar English language cannot be well contructed.
(3) production
Students have the chance to use the new language freely and incorporate it into their existing language.The emphasis at this stage is on use.
However, the deductive method is not without merits.
It could be very successful with selected and motivated students.
It could save time when students are confronted with a grammar rule which is complex but which has to be learned.
（Hinkel and Fotos, 2002)
Most research has agreed that there is a positive role of instruction for grammar learning.
Grammar teaching “can enhance learner proficiency and accuracy and facilitate the internalization of its syntactic system.
It is believed that the rules will become evident if the students are given enough appropriate examples.
Benefits:
1.Students discover the grammar rules themselves while engaged in language use.
MissA:You yourself look,all people are working,no people have time,you can wait,you wait,you not wait, you can go!
Mr.B:I want to speak to your Head.
(2) practice
Students work through activities from controlled to free in order to practice the new language in different situations.The emphasis at the beginning of this stage is on accuracy.
Aims of the unit:
1.The role of grammar in ELT 2.Grammar presentation methods 3.Grammar practice
``````
The role of grammar in ELT
The value of grammar in foreign language teaching has been a focus of debate for decades, and no conclusion is in sight.
Presentation知 Practice练 Production用
Understanding Accuracy Use and Fluency
(1)presentation
The teacher introduces new language in particular communicative situations, focusing on its meaning, form and on its function.The emphasis at this stage is on meaning and form.
2.The students have been much more involved in the discovery process.
English grammar is one of the 4 key
elements of English language, that is，
（1）pronunciation, （2）words, （3）grammar （4）context.
In China, grammar is taught in a traditionally teacher-centered way. There is too much teacher dominance and too little student involvement in