Correspondence 7 - Packing

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businesscorrespondence(3,4,5,7,9,12)

Chapter 3 Establishment of Business Relations 1 ask to establish business relationshipGentlemen,We have heard from China Council for the Promotion of International Trade中國國際貿易促進委員會that you are in the market for silk garments.As we are one of the leading exporters in this line of business, we would like to establish business relations with you on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and the exchange of needed goods.Our silk garments are made of super pure silk materials and in the traditional skills. They(Our products) are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed a great fame in markets at home and abroad. We enclose a catalogue for your reference and trust some of the items listed will be of interest to you.We would be very much interested in receiving your inquiries, against which we shall give you our best quotations.We look forward to your reply.Yours faithfully,或者背诵textbook P1482 ReplyDear Sirs,Your letter of November 21 addressed to our sister corporation in Shanghai has been transferred to us for attention. As the items fall within the scope of our business activities, we shall be pleased to enter into direct business relations with you. We have learned that you are one of the leading importers and wholesalers of Electric and Electronic Machinery and Equipment in Thailand.We are exporters of the same lines of business, having a business background of some 40 years, and are now particularly interested in exporting to your country Electronic Products of all types. All kinds of our products are good sellers and worth commendation for their excellent quality.If you are interested in marketing these products at your end, please let us know and we shall be pleased to send you our quotations and sample books upon receipt of your specific enquiries.We look forward to your early reply.Yours faithfullyChapter 4 Enquiries and Reply主要背诵黑体字1 EnquiriesDear Sirs,Messrs. Brown &Clark of this city inform us that you are exporters of all cotton bed-sheets and pillowcases. We are large dealers in textiles （结构一）and believe there isa promising market in our area for moderately priced goods of the kind mentioned. （结构二）We would like you to send us details of your various ranges, including sizes, colors and prices, and also samples of the different qualities of material used. （结构三）When replying, please state your terms of payment and discount you would allow on purchase of quantities of not less than 100 dozen of individual items. （结构三）Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.I look forward to hearing from you. （结构四）yours faithfully,2 ReplyDear Sirs,We were very pleased to receive your letter of 15 March, in which you enquired about our cotton bed-sheets and pillowcases. （结构一）As requested, we are enclosing our catalogue and the price-list giving the details you asked for. Also under separate cover we are sending you a full range of samples.We are sure you will find that we use only the best quality materials for our products. And the high standard of workmanship will appeal to the most selective buyers.(advertisements)It’s understood that prices we quoted are on CIF Liverpool without engagement, subject to our final confirmation. We allow 2% discount on purchase of not less than 100 dozen of individual items. Payment is to be made by irrevocable L/C at sight. （结构二）Please feel free to contact us if you have any further questions.We look forward to receiving your early reply. （结构三）yours faithfully,Chapter 5 Offer and Counter-offer1 Counter OfferDear SirsRe: Your offer of 100% Cashmere SweatersThank you for your letter of April 7, in which you offered us 100% Cashmere Sweaters.Regrettably, we are unable to accept your offer as your prices are too high. We operate on small margins. It means heavy loss to us to accept your prices. We also have similar offers from Korean make. They are 25% lower than yours.We like the quality and design of your products. We accept that the quality of your products is better, but it does not justify such a large difference in price. We might do business with you if you could make us some allowance, say 20%, on your prices. Otherwise we have to decline your offer.We hope you will consider our counter offer most favorably and let us have your reply soon.Yours faithfullyA & D SupermarketChapter 6 Order and Acceptance1 orderDear Mr. Gilson,Sub: Order for 2,000 Pairs of Sheep Leather GlovesPlease dispatch to us 2,000 pairs of sheep leather gloves as per the terms stated in your offer of May 5.Would you please take special care of the quality and the package of this order? The leather should be of the same quality as that used in the sample. We hope that you can pack each pair in an airtight polythene聚乙烯bag, a dozen pairs of gloves in a box and then 20 boxes to a strong seaworthy wooden case. We will order more if the first order with you prove to be satisfactory.We are enclosing our Purchase Confirmation No.2009-308 in duplicate for your signature. Please sign and return one copy for our file. Upon receipt of your confirmation, an L/C will be issued.Sincerely yours,替换句型．Opening Paragraph (optional)1 We are pleased to enclose our official Order Sheet No.30 for your ….2 We have tested your sample and found it very satisfactory. Please supply 500 dozen as per our enclosed Order Form No. 960.3 We have studied your catalogue and samples/We should like to take advantage of your offer and are prepared to place an initial order as follows/are now able to confirm our order for your travel goods.4 During the past years we have made occasional purchases from your company, but we should now like to place regular orders.5 Your letter of 16 April convinced me to place at least a trial order forthe …(commodity) you spoke about. Therefore, we enclose order No.32.Confirm the terms of payment, delivery and other Trade terms (recite from 1 to 7)1 This order is so urgently required that we must ask you to make the earliest possible shipment.2 It is necessary that the design of our order be exactly the same as that of the sample we sent you.3 Three copies of the invoice, a copy each of the packing list and other necessary documents should be sent to us by mail.4 Upon receipt of your reply we will open L/C5 We would like you to immediately send us your acknowledgement of this order.6 We may reject the goods if there are any marks or blemishes on the surface.7 This order is subject to dispatch being made within 60 days of today’s date.8 We would like to confirm that payment is to be made by irrevocable letter of credit, for which we have already applied to the bank.Closing (optional)1 Your early attention to this order will be appreciated.2 We hope you will accept our terms and arrange an early delivery.3 If the goods sell as well as we hope, we shall send further orders in the near future.4 I look forward to receiving your advice/shipment/acknowledgment/confirmation 2 Letter of acceptanceOpeningWe acknowledge with thanks your order of May 2 for 50 units of ….We appreiciate your order No. 50 of February 3(date). We are pleased to accept your terms. Enclosed is a copy of our sales confirmation.Acceptance of the order termsWe will do all we can to fill your order so that the goods will be shipped before October 15.The goods will be packed is strict accordance with your instructions.We will proceed with the execution of your order as soon as we receive an irrevocable L/C in our favor.ClosingIt is our hope that this order will be the first step to a long and pleasant business relationship between us.Chapter 7 Complaint Letter1 Complaint LetterOpeningYour shipment of our order No. 15 for 500 units of …(commodity) arrived today.On opening the container we found that the goods were short by 2 units.We regret to say that three cases of your shipment arrived in a damagedcondition.Reason of claimTo prove the shortage, we are enclosing a certificate of Lloyd’s surveyor(Inspection Certificate).We have lost considerable business on account of your delay in shipment.Propose the possible solutionAs the goods are inferior in quality, we are returning the whole of the 15 cases and must ask you to replace them.Please examine the matter and send us the goods to meet the shortage as soon as possible.EndingWe are looking forward to having your early reply to this matter.Please tell us how to dispose of the wrong delivery.We feel there must be some explanation and we eagerly look forward to your reply.2 Adjusting a claimOpening 确认收到索赔函We regret to hear that the goods you received are not of the quality expected.Thank you for your letter of May 10 calling our attention to the apparentshortage of 2 units of …(commodity).Body1卖方有错时,先承认自己的过错We admit that your order has not received our usual careful attention.We regret to find that the wrong goods have been shipped through a mistake on the part of our shipping department.具体表明解决的办法We are prepared to give you a 20% allowance to compensate you for the defects in the goods shipped.We have today sent a replacement for the inferior article you pointed out and hope you will be satisfied with it.2卖方没有错时,直接不假思索的拒绝是不合适的showing your understanding, be firm but polite; even if you deny theresponsibility, you should always try to give an explanationWe shipped your order before the shipping date specified in your L/C and so the delay was not caused by us.The difference in quality is no more than is usual and indeed unavoidable in this line of goods.举出例证，告知若无法平息将诉诸法律途径之意We find no discrepancy between the shipping sample and the duplicate sample in our hands.We would suggest that this claim should be settled in accordance with thearbitration rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (other practices).Ending卖方有错时-保证不犯同样的错误We apologize for the inconvenience you have sustained and assure you that we shall be careful never to make such a mistake again.卖方无错时-要求对方了解情况Chapter 8 Transportation1 Urging for prompt shipmentaDear SirsOur Order No 116 for 200 Bales of Grade 1 WoolWe wish to draw your attention to the fact that up to the moment no news has come from you about the shipment of the above order.When we place the order, we made it clear that we were in urgent need of the goods. It will inconvenience us greatly if we cannot get the goods at thecontracted time in March.Please let us know, as soon as you can, when you can effect shipment of the above order.Yours faithfullyb 替换句型1 Referring to our letter of Oct. 25, we have not heard from you or got anyinformation concerning the shipment of the order.2 Emphasis has to be laid that the shipment must be made within the stipulatedtime-limit, as further extension will not be considered.3You must ship the goods on board the s.s. ‘Dongfeng’ (carrier) within the time limit as stipulated in our contract, other wise dead freight, if any, should beborne by you.4 We request you to ship the order on board the s.s. ‘peace’ (carrier) whichleaves Kobe name of port) on Sept. 15. Please cooperate with us in this urgent need delivery, otherwise, we will be compelled to cancel this order.5 We have been put to considerable inconvenience by the long delay in delivery.We request immediate delivery otherwise we will be compelled to cancel the order in accordance with the stipulations of the contract.6 According to the terms of the contract the shipment is to be effected by theJuly 20 and we must have the B/L not later than the July 25.Chapter 9 Payment1 Asking for payment by L/CDear Sirs,We are in receipt of your letter dated January 8 and wishto place an order for 10,000 power saving copiers withYou for March shipment.We have been dealing with you on sight L/C for years andalways settled our account promptly. This is a big orderinvolving about USD 2,000,000 and tying up funds forThree months would cause problem for us. So for thisorder, we would like to pay by 30-day L/C.We look forward to your favorable reply to the newpayment terms and your sales confirmation.Please send us your sales confirmation earlier so as toenable us to open the L/C immediately.Structure and Substitutable sentencesReference to the order,contract, goods, etc: (para 1)We thank you for your letter of August 8 offering us 3,000 dozen Bed Covers.We are in receipt of your letter dated January 8 and wish to …Reference is made to your contract No. 988 covering skirts in the amount of RMB 6000 and contract No. 998 for silk blouse in the amount of RMB 9000.Case 1- Reference to your required terms of payment: (para 1/para 2)It is our customary practice to pay by a confirmed, irrevocable L/C in our favor available by draft at sight, reaching us one month ahead of shipment, remaining valid for negotiation in China for a further ** days after the prescribed time of shipment.For payment, we require…We would like to pay…As… we shall consider accepting payment by…We would suggest that for this particular order you let us have a D/DCase 2- Refer that the previous methods of payment is not satisfying/(para1/para 2)We regret very much being unable to accept your term of payment.Payment by L/C is rather inconvenient to a customer like us who often places medium-sized orders.While we are appreciative of your cooperation, we regret our inability to accpet your request for …Give the reasons and suggest the terms of payment: (para 3)After long years of satisfactory trading,we feel that we are entitled to easier terms.Most of our suppliers are in fact supplying us on a T/T or D/P basis.In the coming year we shall probably be able to place regular orders with you and our present mode of payment by L/C would not conduce to encouraging business. As we have only moderate means at hand, opening a L/C will undoubtedly tie up our funds and add to our costs.As both contracts are less than RMB 10,000 in value, we would appreciate it very much if you could ship the goods to us on T/T basis.Considering the small amount involved in this section, we shall be grateful if you will allow us to pay 30% of the total value for this order by T/T and the balance byD/P.we should be obliged if you will agree to extend us more easier payment terms, say, …closing: (para 4)As you know, it is only in view of our long friendly business relations that we extend you this accomodation.We hope you will accommodate us in this respect and Look forward to your favorable reply soon.Please take the above into careful consideration and fax us your confirmation early. Yours sincerely,2 Extending Validity of the L/CDear Sirs:RE: EXTENDING VALIDITY OF THE L/CWe regret to say that we have not received your L/C related to above mentioned sales Confirmation until today. It is stipulated clearly in the Sales Confirmation that the relevant L/C must reach us not later than the end of Aug. Although the reaching time of the L/C is overdue, we would like still to ship your goods in view oflong-standing friendly relationship between us. However, we can not make shipment of your goods within the time stipulated in the Sales Confirmation owing to the delay of the L/C, Therefore, the L /C needs to be extended as follows:(1) Time of shipment will be extended to the end of October.(2) Validity of the L/C will be extended to November 15.Your kind attention is inverted to the fact that we must receive your L/C amendment before Sept 30, otherwise we will not be able to effect the shipment in time.We are looking forward to receiving your L/C amendment.以下内容熟记1.支付条件（Terms of payment）（1）Our usual way of payment is by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight for the full amount of the contracted goods to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to the sellers.我们的一般付款方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、足额信用证，见票即付。

外贸函电包装Correspondence_7_-_Packing(课堂PPT)

2) Reference No. 3) The port of destination目的港 4) Numbers of the packed goods包装货的数量
and sometimes weight and dimensions.
E.g. ABC Co. 94LAO602 NEW YORK CTN/NOS.1—1500
包装费用
waterproof packing 防水包装
seaworthy packing 海运包装
customary packing 普通包装
gift packing
礼品式包装
portable packing 便携式包装
3
pack packing package 1. Please see to it that the _____ is suitable for a long sea voyage. 2. All the canned fruits and meat are to be _____ in cartons. 3. We _____ our shirts in plastic-lined, water-proof cartons,
6
Indicative marks
Warning marks
Handle with care小心轻放 This side up 这面朝上
Keep dry / Keep away from moisture防潮
Dangerous goods 危险物品 Inflammable易燃的 Explosive易爆的
E.g. The packing must be seaworthy.
Upon examination, it was found that 10% of the packages were broken.

外贸函电Unit9Packing

合宾语
Letter 1
Buyer’s Reaction to Packing
4.hold / make oneself responsible for sth. e.g. Your must hold yourself fully
responsible for the loss caused by the fire. 5.on account of sth. 由于，因为 e.g. We are not in a position to effect shipment on time on account of the late arrival of the credit, for which you should hold yourselves responsible.
❖ 5)在目的港名称下方或最后一个港口的同一行是货物编号，通常由件号批号两部分组成，往往可用1—50号来表示，从这里我们可知这是总数50中的第一件。
❖ 另ISO建设的标准唛头应为四行，每行不超过17个字母（包括数字和符号），不采用几何图形。如：
❖ SGL 收货人缩写
❖ 88/s/c179345 合同号码
Letter 3
Packing Requirements (2)
3.a duplicate copy 副本 4.anti-freeze agent 5. the driver’s cab
Letter 4
Requirements for来自Packing and Marking(1)
1.go through 仔细查阅、研究 2.beforehand=in advance 预先，有准
备的，较早
3.caption 标题、题目
❖the captioned goods ❖the captioned order

《外贸英语函电doc》

外贸英语函电
Business English Correspondence
上海交通大学出版社
Module 4 Execution of a Contract
Project 9 Project 10
Project 11
Project 12
Project 13
Project 10 Packing
PART 01 PART 02 PART 03
☆ use the professional terms related to packing
☆ use the appropriate prepositions related to packing ☆ describe the packing conditions to your customers
•Inner packing In contrast with outer packing there is inner packing. It is not only designed as a form of protection to reduce the risk of goods being damaged in transit and prevent pilferage but also to aid marketing. Marketing, consumer advertising, display, presentation, protection hygiene, easy handling and self-service retailing have made sophisticated wrapping an almost universal necessity for small consumer goods. Take shampoo lotion for example, a cylindrical shape of the package makes it convenhile the other hand is scratching the scalp. Nowadays, transparent or window containers are often used. It is convenient for the customers to identify the contents when shopping, thus possibly concluding a transaction. •Neutral Packing Neutral packing is the one that makes no mention of the name of the country producing the goods and the name of the manufacturer on the commodity.

外贸函电包装Correspondence_7_-_Packing

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Shipping marks consist of:
1) Consignor’s or consignee’s code name
2) Reference No. 3) The port of destination目的港 4) Numbers of the packed goods包装货的数量
10
Different Types of Packing
板条箱(crate) 纸箱(carton) 木箱(wooden case) 木桶(cask) 捆(bundle)
常用包装
1. 木箱(wooden case), 板条箱(crate),
纸箱(carton)
2. 捆（bundle）, 包（bale）
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Pack v. Packing n. Package n.
E.g. The packing must be seaworthy.
Upon examination, it was found that 10% of the packages were broken.
packing instructions 包装须知，包装要求
2. Please pack our men's gloves in cartons of 60 dozen each, S, M, L equally assorted.
assortment: n.
E.g.
1. We are pleased to order 1,000 dozen of silk shirts, with equal assortment of pink, blue and yellow.

外贸英语函电中文版

PBL课程报告外贸英语函电写作原则及其运用“正确原则”在外贸英语函电中的应用学院经济与贸易学院专业国际经济与贸易年级班别 2011级（5）班组号第1组组员姓名吴佩金何枫阳陈俊宇梁振宇曾之林指导教师易露霞2013年 6 月外贸英语函电写作原则及其运用摘要外贸函电是对外贸易活动中重要的沟通交往方式之一。

熟练掌握运用撰写函电的语言特点及其写作原则，为之后的贸易活动创建良好的公司形象，提供良好的沟通环境，提高学生英文水平，并充分运用于各项贸易实务环节当中。

本文通过对各项外贸英语函电的写作原则的梳理及通过收集各项原则的运用实例，使我们对外贸英语函电的写作有更深刻得体会。

关键词：外贸英语函电、写作原则、运用AbstractBusiness English Correspondence is an important way of communication skills in foreign trade activities. Skilled in using the language features and writing principles of writing business correspondence, for trade activities to create a good corporate image, to provide good communication environment, improve the students' English level, and fully apply all the links in trade practice. By carding the Business English correspondence writing principle of combing and collecting the principles apply instance, this articlelet us have more profound experience on Business English correspondence writing.Key words：foreign business correspondence, Writing Principles ,Utilize目录PBL课程报告 (1)1 绪论 (4)1.1外贸英语函电的写作背景及意义： (4)1.2PBL的理解与实践体会 (5)2 外贸函电的写作原则 (6)2.1 4C原则 (6)2.2“7 C ”原则 (6)2.3合作原则 (7)2.4礼貌原则 (7)3 各项原则在外贸函电中的运用 (8)3.1合作原则在外贸函电中的体现 (8)3.1.1数量准则 (8)3.1.2质量准则 (9)3.1.3关联准则 (9)3.1.4方式准则 (10)3.2外贸函电写作中的礼貌原则 (11)3.2.1使用情态动词 (11)3.2.2使用“be pleased to、be glad to、appreciate、look forward to”等 (11)3.2.3时刻牢记“thank you ” (12)3.2.4使用“we suggest、we are afraid”等语义模糊的词汇 (12)3.2.6使用条件句 (13)3.2.7使用被动语态 (13)3.2.8使用虚拟语气 (13)3.2.9使用疑问句 (14)3.3外贸函电写作中的7C原则 (14)3.3.1 完整（complete） (14)3.3.2正确（correctness） (14)3.3.3 清楚（clearness） (15)3.3.4 简洁（conciseness） (15)3.3.5具体（concreteness） (15)3.3.6 礼貌（courtesy） (15)3.3.7体谅（consideration） (16)4 合作原则与礼貌原则的相互关系 (16)5 总结：外贸英语函电的特点 (17)参考文献 (18)1 绪论1.1外贸英语函电的写作背景及意义：随着经济全球化进程的进一步加快和我国对外贸易的不断扩大, 我国的对外贸易活动日益频繁。

商务英语函电课件Unit10ComplaintClaimandSettlement

them.
Introduction to Complaints and Claims
Claim refers to that in international trade, one party breaks the contract and causes losses or
damages to the other party directly or indirectly, the injured party may ask for compensation for the
Unit 10 Complaint, Claim and Settlement
BUSINESS LETTER WRITING
Ⅰ Role-play
Task C Knowing about Basic Knowledge
After finding out the commercial terms from the above dialogue, try to give explanations to your partners about
Unit 10 Complaint, Claim and Settlement
BUSINESS LETTER WRITING
Ⅰ Role-play
译 Task A Situational Communication
A:The case is too serious to be overlooked! We are in urgent need of the goods for this selling season. Under such a situation, our project will surely be delayed. B:We convey our sincere apologies to you and will try our best to make up for your loss. I’ll cable our home office and ask them to dispatch the replacements. You can rest assured that your project won’t be delayed. A:Good! B:I do hope this unpleasant incident will not affect our business in the future. As for the belated goods, we’d like to have them sent to your company. A:We appreciate your positive action towards this affair.

商务函电Correspondence 1 - Introduction(基本介绍)

2. Learning Objectives: practical writing and communication skills; to write business letters, memos and instructions
etc. in business procedure;
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Layout of a Business Letter
5) The Salutation
the left margin and two-four lines below the inside address
Salutations in business letters are usually followed by a colon or a comma.
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Chapter I
Form and Structure of Business Correspondence
商务函电的格式和结构
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Teaching Objectives
Introduction Layout of a business letter Address the envelope Writing Principles
商务函电Correspondence 1 Introduction（基本介绍）
Introduction to Business English Correspondence
1. The nature of the course: An English course combining international trade with English

外贸英语函电课程实验报告书

《Trading Correspondence》实验报告FASHION FORCE F01LCB05127 CTN NO. MONTREAL MADE IN CHINALADIES COTTON 2550PCS 85CARTO NS BLAZER (100% COTTON, 40SX20 / 140X60)19KGS17KGS21.583 CBMTOTAL: 2550PCS85CARTONS19KGS17KGS 21.583 CBMSAY TOTAL: EIGHTY FIVE CARTONS ONLY16、080102 海运提单 Shipper ABC COMPANY NO.128 ZHOUGSHAN XILU, GUANGDONGB/L No.Consignee or order TO ORDER OF UFJ BANK，TOKYO中国外运广东公司SINOTRANS GUANGDONG COMPANYOCEAN BILL OF LADINGNotify address XYZ COMPANY, 6-2 OHTEMACHI,1-CHOME, CHIYADA-KU, TOKYOSHIPPED on board in apparent good order and condition (unless otherwise indicated) the goods or packages specified herein and to be discharged at the mentioned port of dischargePre-carriage by Vessel VICOTRY V.666 Port of dischargePort of loading GUANGZHOU Port of transshipment Final destinationTOKYO，JAPANor as near thereto as the vessel may safely get and be always afloat. The weight, measure, marks and numbers, quality, contents and value, being particulars furnished by the Shipper, are not checked by the Carrier on loading. The Shipper, Consignee and the Holder of this Bill of Lading hereby expressly accept and agree to all printed, written or stamped provisions, exceptions and conditions of this Bill of Lading, including those on the back hereof. IN WITNESS whereof the number of original Bills of Lading stated below have been signed, one of which being accomplished the other(s) to be void.Description of goods Gross weight (kgs.) Measurement (m3)Container. seal No. or marks and Nos. Number and kind of packageXYZ TOKYO 04GD002 1-88 CTNSPACKED IN 88 CARTONS. SHIPPEND IN ONE CONTAINER.HOSPITAL UNIFORM 5250PCS1232.00KGS4.20CBMCONTAINER ON. PLU1234567 SEAL NO. .006789 1x20’ CY/CYON BOARD JAN.18, 2005 NAME OF VESSEL：VICTORY V.666 PORTOFLOADING：GUANGZHOUFreight and chargesREGARDING TRANSHIPMENT INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACTEx. ratePrepaid at Total prepaidFreight payable at Number of original Bs/LPlace and date of issueGUANGZHOU JAN.17，2005Signed for or on behalf of the Master3 陈伟As Agent17、210105 合同翻译Bill of Lading 提单Shipper: 托运人 Consignee or Order: 收货人或订购： Notify address: 通知地址 Pre-carriage by: 前运输 Port of loading: 装货港 Ocean vessel: 远洋轮船 port of transshipment: 中转港 Port of discharge: 卸货港 final destination: 最终目的地 Freight payable at: 应付运费 Number of original Bs/L:提单原件数 B/L NO.266126 提单号 CHINA NATIONAL FOREIGN TRADE TRANSPORTATION CORP. 中国对外贸易运输股份有限公司 BILL OF LADING 提单 OF DIRECT OR WITH TRANSSHIPMENT 直接或与转运 SHIPPED on board apparent good order and condition ( unless otherwise indicated) the goods or packages specified herein and to be discharged at the mentioned port of discharge or as near thereto as the vessel may safely get and be always afloat. 船上明显的良好秩序和条件（除非另有说明）在提到的卸货港口或附近船只卸货 The weight, measure, marks and numbers, quality, contents and value, being particulars furnished by the Shipper, are not checked by the Carrier on loading. 重量，体积，标记及号码，质量，内容和价值，是由托运人提供的详情承运人没有检查。

correspondence

correspondenceHans Hagen1IntroductionThis manual describes how to handle correspondence with ConT E Xt.The core components are a simple xml database(the successor of a T E X based format),a few styles,and a graphical user interface.It is a nice example of combined technologies.2The DatabaseOne can argue about the structure of this database,but since it suits our purpose,we will not spend much words about how it ended up this way.You can happily use your own database and let it produce this kind of xml code,which is then happily accepted by ConT E Xt.As said,the structure is quite similar to the T E X counterpart that we have been using for years to typeset our letters,envelopes,mailings and alike.This is typically the kind of code that remains unchanged for years,but the advance of xml and evolution of the eXaMpLe framework triggered a rewrite.The root element is deﬁned as follows(we use Relax NG as deﬁnition format).<start><ref name="contacts"/></start><define name="contacts"><element name="contacts"><zeroOrMore><choice><ref name="contacts.contact"/><ref name="contacts.contactgroup"/><ref name="contacts.contactfile"/></choice></zeroOrMore></element></define>Each contact is a collection of dataﬁelds which may come in any order.<define name="contacts.contact"><element name="contact"><interleave><optional><ref name="contact.initials"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.formalname"/></optional><optional><ref name="rmalname"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.title"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.prefix"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.suffix"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.telephone"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.mobiletelephone"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.telefax"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.email"/></optional><optional><ref name="contact.address"/></optional><optional><ref name="rmation"/></optional></interleave><attribute name="label"/></element></define>A contact group is a collection of references to contacts:<define name="contacts.contactgroup"><element name="contactgroup"><zeroOrMore><ref name="contactgroup.member"/></zeroOrMore><attribute name="label"/></element></define><define name="contactgroup.member"><element name="member"><text/></element></define>A contactﬁle is just a reference to a to be includedﬁle:<define name="contacts.contactfile"><element name="contactfile"><text/></element></define>Theﬁelds that make up a contact are normally just text.The address needs to be preformatted withelements(more details can be found in theﬁle x-corres.rng).A simple database will look like this:<contacts><contact label=’hagen.j’><initials>J.</initials><formalname>Hagen</formalname><informalname>Hans</informalname><title>Drs.</title><prefix>Heer</prefix><address>J.HagenPRAGMA ADERidderstraat278061GH Hasselt NL</address></contact><contact label=’otten.a.f’><initials>J.</initials><formalname>Otten</formalname><informalname>Ton</informalname> <title>Drs.</title><prefix>Heer</prefix><address>A.F.OttenPRAGMA ADERidderstraat278061GH Hasselt NL</address></contact><contact label=’marle.k.van’><initials>K.van</initials><formalname>Marle</formalname><informalname>Kees</informalname> <title>Ir.</title><prefix>Heer van</prefix><address>K.van MarlePRAGMA PODRidderstraat278061GH Hasselt NL</address></contact><contactgroup label=’pragma-ade’> <member>hagen.j</member><member>otten.a.f</member></contactgroup><contactgroup label=’pragma-pod’><member>hagen.j</member><member>otten.a.f</member><member>marle.k.van</member></contactgroup></contacts>The labels plays an important role later on,when we willﬁlter data from the database,so they should be unique and consistent.3The InterfaceYou can use the database from within ConT E Xt after you’ve loaded theﬁle x-corres.tex: \usemodule[corres]The macro that deals with processing is:\XMLprocesscontacts[filename]The argument is optional,in which case the selection needs to be set up with the following command:\setvariables[contacts][selection=,file=]This command is also used for specifying the dataﬁle.Theﬁelds of a contact are stored and can be used in the typesetting process.This process is hooked into the xml engine and style by the following setup(here we show the default deﬁnition):\startsetups[contact:handle]\XMLflush{address}\stopsetupsAnd so we have arrived at the main process,which may look like something:\setvariables[contacts][selection=pragma-ade,file=pragma.xml]\startsetups[contact:handle]\XMLflush{initials}\XMLflush{formalname}\endgraf\stopsetups\XMLprocesscontactsA selection can be a comma separated list of labels and/or groups.In aﬁrst pass,the list is resolved into a list of valid contacts,while the second pass typesets the result based on the handle.4The StyleIn the previous chapters we presented the xml database and its interface,here will will spend some words on typesetting a(series of)letter(s).The style is quite independent of the database but uses the sameﬁelds and is called m-letter.tex.It does not make sense to discuss all the details of the style because you need to look into the ﬁle anyway,so we stick to discussing the methodology used.There is an eXaMpLe interface that permits you to play with the settings.The layout setup is rather simple and uses standard ConT E Xt setup commands.The individual components that make up the letter are deﬁned in so called setups,like:\startsetups[letter:place:address]...\stopsetupsWe use the layering mechanism to collect and place the components.Inside such a setup, variables are used to control the behaviour.For instance,the location of the address on the page grid is determined by:\setvariables[letter:address][line=3]The address itself again a setup:\setsetups[letter:address]...\stopsetupsand although a deﬁnition like:\startsetups[letter:address]A Fancy Name\endgrafA Nice Address\endgrafThe Place To Go\stopsetupsis okay,it makes more sense to use variables again,like in:\startsetups[letter:address]\def\\{\endgraf}\getvariable{letter:data}{address}\stopsetupsOf course you need to deﬁne the adress:\setvariables[letter:data][address={Name\\Address\\City}]This chaining of settings may look overly complicated,but the advantage is that by using setups we can easily overload components.For the same reason,we have isolated the labels for instance:\setuplabeltext[en][letter:opening:formal=Dear,letter:opening:informal=Dear,letter:opening:unknown=LS]Labels are deﬁned per language,so that the style automatically adapts itself.Now,when you load the style,and optionally overload setups,and deﬁnitely set the data variables typesetting the letter only takes a few lines of code.\starttext\setups[letter:place]\stoptextInterfacing to the xml database takes the following steps:\setvariables[letter:data][address=\XMLflush{address},prefix=\XMLflush{prefix},suffix=\XMLflush{suffix},initials=\XMLflush{initials},formalname=\XMLflush{formalname},informalname=\XMLflush{informalname}]content=\getbuffer]Here we assume that the content goes into a buffer.Of course we need to set the selection and ﬁlename for the contacts handler:\setvariables[contacts][selection=...,file=...]Next we hook the letter style into the contacts handler:\startsetups[contact:handle]\setups[letter:place]\stopsetupsAnd now we’re ready to process the database and turn the addresses that match our selection criterium into a personalized letter.\XMLprocesscontactsAn example of this integration can be found in the eXaMpLe module x-e-0302.tex.5ExamplesA Fancy NameA Nice AddressThe Place To GoAugust12,2003Hi There,We thrive in information--thick worlds because of our marvelous and everyday capacity to select,edit,single out,structure,highlight,group,pair,merge,harmonize,synthesize,focus, organize,condense,reduce,boil down,choose,categorize,catalog,classify,list,abstract, scan,look into,idealize,isolate,discriminate,distinguish,screen,pigeonhole,pick over,sort, integrate,blend,inspect,ﬁlter,lump,skip,smooth,chunk,average,approximate,cluster, aggregate,outline,summarize,itemize,review,dip into,ﬂip through,browse,glance into, leaf through,skim,reﬁne,enumerate,glean,synopsize,winnow the wheat from the chaff and separate the sheep from the goats.That Was Me \usemodule[letter]\usetypescript [palatino][\defaultencoding] \setupbodyfont [palatino]\setups[letter:test] \starttext\setups[letter:place] \stoptextIn this example we choose a font and typeset a simple test letter.We use a test setup to initialize the different elements that make up a letter.\usetypescript[palatino][\defaultencoding]\setupbodyfont[palatino]\setups[letter:test]\setvariables[letter:head][graphic=corrlogo.pdf]\starttext\setups[letter:place]\stoptextOne of theﬁrst things you will like to do is to add a logo or other personal mark.There are several ways to do this.Here we put a graphic in the background.This option makes sense if your logo is placed on a paper format similar to the one of your letter.\usetypescript[palatino][\defaultencoding]\setupbodyfont[palatino]\setups[letter:test]\setlayer[letterhead][preset=righttop]{\externalfigure[corrlogo.pdf][width=.2\paperwidth]}\setlayerframed[letterhead][preset=rightbottom][height=1cm]{Here you can find someadditional data about me.}\starttext\setups[letter:place]\stoptextThere is a special layer letterhead that you can use to position a graphic(or any content youwant).You can place multiple graphic(or text)elements.\usetypescript[palatino][\defaultencoding]\setupbodyfont[palatino]\setups[letter:test]\setlayer[letterhead][preset=righttop,offset=\backspace]{\externalfigure[corrlogo.pdf][width=.2\paperwidth]}\setlayerframed[letterhead][preset=rightbottom,hoffset=\backspace,voffset=.5\backspace][height=1cm,offset=overlay,frame=off,strut=yes]{Here you can find someadditional data about me.}\starttext\setups[letter:place]\stoptextLayers permits you toﬁnetune the position,for instance with the(v|h)offset keys.The offsetsare relative to the corner.More information about layers can be found in the‘details’manual.\usetypescript[palatino][\defaultencoding]\setupbodyfont[palatino]\setups[letter:test]\setlayer[letterhead][preset=righttop,offset=\backspace]{\externalfigure[corrlogo.pdf][width=.2\paperwidth]}\setvariables[letter:address][line=1,hoffset=1cm,width=10cm,noflines=7]\starttext\setups[letter:place]\stoptextThe adress and reference elements are also positioned in layers,but this time they are not in the background butﬂushed in the normal text stream.Their content tries to honor the grid.Insteadof manipulating the layers directly,we use intermediate variables.\showgridboxes\tracelayerstrue\usemodule[letter]\usetypescript[palatino][\defaultencoding]\setupbodyfont[palatino]\setups[letter:test]\setlayer[letterhead][preset=righttop,offset=\backspace]{\externalfigure[corrlogo.pdf][width=.2\paperwidth]}\setvariables[letter:address][line=1,hoffset=1cm,width=10cm,noflines=7]\setvariables[letter:reference][line=2,noflines=3]\starttext\setups[letter:place]\stoptextThe previous page showed some placement options but without cues this is not that easy to do.Therefore we have turned on some tracing options here.NameStreetPlaceCountryconcerns:Whateverdate:August12,2003subject:Some Topicreference:YourOrMineHere Here,August12,2003 LS,The Earth,as a habitat for animal life,is in old age and has a fatal illness.Several,in fact.It would be happening whether humans has ever evolved or not.But our presence is like the effect of an old-age patient who smokes many packs of cigarettes per day—and we humans are the cigarettes.See You,MeNo Goodies \usemodule[letter]\usetypescript [palatino][\defaultencoding]\setupbodyfont [palatino]\setvariables[letter:data][address={Name\\Street\\Place\\Country}]\setvariables[letter:data][subject=Some Topic,date=\currentdate,concerns=Whatever,residence=Here Here,reference=YourOrMine] \startbuffer[texletter]\input ward\stopbuffer\setvariables[letter:data][author=Me,greeting=See You]\setvariables[letter:data] [appendices=No Goodies] \starttext\setups[letter:place]\stoptextIn addition to some style manipulation variables,we also use variables for setting the actual content of the letter.todo:style key todo:no modes,vars6The GUI to do207The ToolsWe are in the process of writing an associated tool for sorting,cleaning up,and manipulating the correspondence database.This tool will be part of the ConT E Xt distribution as soon as it’s stable and documented.。

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Sample Letter1
Packing Requirements
Dear Sirs, Re: Beer glass Under Order No. 4058 We refer to our Order No. 4058 for 100 cardboard cartons of beer glasses to be shipped to us during May. As the goods are highly fragile, we feel it advisable to make it clear that the goods must be packed according to our instruction lest they are damaged in transit. We would like to have them packed half dozen in a box, 10 boxes in a carton, two cartons in a wooden case. The boxes are to be padded with foamed plastics. Apart from this, we hope the inner packing will be attractive and helpful to the sales while the outer packing strong enough to withstand rough handling and the sea transportation. We hope our goods will arrive in perfect condition. Yours faithfully,
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Sample Letter 3 Packing and Shipping Marks Dear Sirs, Re: Packing and Shipping Marks In reply to your letter of October 30 inquiring about the packing of our Trip Scissors, we state the following: Our export Trip Scissors are packed in boxes of one dozen each, 100 boxes to a carton. The dimensions are 17cm high, 30cm wide and 50cm long with a volume of about 0.026 cubic meters. The gross weight is 23.5kg, the net weight is 22.5kg. With reference to shipping marks, in addition to the gross, net and tare weights on the outer packing we will mark your initials ABC in a diamond, under which the port of destination and contract number will also be stenciled. Furthermore, warning marks like HANDLE WITH CARE, KEEP DRY, etc. will also be indicated. Should you have any special requirements in packing and shipping marks, please let us know. We will meet your requirement to the best of our ability. Yours sincerely, 2011-3-23 17
Chapter VII
Packing
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Packing
Teaching Objectives 1. Know the basic methods of packing goods 2. Understand the importance of packing goods 3. Write letters to talk about packing of commodity 4. Master typical sentences and expressions
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There are two types of packing. They are: Transportation packing ／ outer packing Packing for sales ／ inner packing Packing marks are integral to packing. They are: shipping marks indicative and warning marks
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Shipping marks consist of: 1) Consignor’s or consignee’s code name 2) Reference No. 3) The port of destination 4) Numbers of the packed goods and sometimes weight and dimensions. E.g. ABC Co. 94LAO602 NEW YORK CTN/NOS.1—1500
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Sample Letter 2
Packing Arrangements
Dear Sirs, Re: Packing Requirement Your letter concerning packing requirements reached us the day before yesterday. We are now making arrangements accordingly. As requested, each silk blouse is packed in a polybag, one dozen to a box, blue, yellow, white equally assorted, S/3, M/6 and L/3 per dozen, 10 boxes to a carton, three cartons on a pallet. All the cartons are to be lined with damp-proof paper, bound with double straps outside. All the cartons are up to export standard and are strong enough for ocean transportation. We trust you will find the packing satisfactory. Yours faithfully,
assortment: n.
E.g. 1. We are pleased to order 1,000 dozen of silk shirts, with equal assortment of pink, blue and yellow. 2. Please pack our men’s gloves in cartons of 60 dozen each, with equal assortment of S, M and L sizes.
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How to design shipping marks?
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Indicative marks Handle with care This side up Keep dry / Keep away from moisture Keep away from heat Use no hooks Do not roll Do not please tread. Keep flat Fragile
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Warning marks Dangerous goods Inflammable Explosive Poison
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请勿踩踏 Do not please tread.
8
UN Transport symbols
爆炸品 explosives
不燃气体 non-inflammable gases
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pack v. packing / packaging: n. E.g. The packing must be seaworthy. package: n. E.g. Upon examination, it was found that 10% of the packages were broken. packing instructions 包装须知，包装要求包装须知， packing charges 包装费用 waterproof packing 防水包装 seaworthy packing 海运包装 customary packing 普通包装 gift packing 礼品式包装 portable packing 便携式包装 2011-3-23
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常用的包装方法表达方式 1. …in… • Walnuts are to be packed in double gunny bags. 2. ...to... • The chairs are packed two pieces to a carton. 3. ...to …and … to… ; ...in …and … in… • Pens are packed 12 pieces to a box and 200 boxes to a wooden case. 4. in…of…each = in…, each containing… • Groundnuts are packed in gunny bags of 50 kilograms each. • Groundnuts are packed in gunny bags, each containing 50 kilograms. 5. each… in… and… to… • Each shirt is packed in a polybag and 10 dozen to a box.