停车管理系统英文翻译资料

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出口国外IC卡停车场智能收费管理系统 Parking management system

出口国外IC卡停车场智能收费管理系统Parking management system汽车道闸机DAIC-TC-ZJ数字式车辆检测器DAIC-TC-CJ入口控制机IC卡读卡系统DAIC-TC-RW中文电子显示屏DAIC-TC-LED出卡机（出卡即读）DAIC-TC-CKJ语音提示DAIC-TC-YY对讲分机DAIC-TC-FJ控制系统（PLC）DAIC-TC-PLC机箱DAIC-TC-JX图像对比摄像机DAIC-TC-CP 系统调试卡DAIC-TC-IC对讲主机DAIC-DJ-ZJ485通讯卡DAIC-TC-485管理电脑管理软件DAIC-TC-SF发卡器DAIC-TC-FKQ临时卡收费器DAIC-TC-FKQ客户端加密狗KEY服务器端加密狗KEY停车场管理系统(标准豪华型)Parking management system产品简介Product Desciption多奥标准豪华型停车场管理系统采用32位ARM内核，CAN总线，工业级处理架构，使得产品稳定，安全，可靠。

系统兼容非接触式IC卡、ID卡、CPU卡、T5557卡、HID卡等多种车辆出入停车场的验证方式，能够满足一进一出，多进多出，全嵌套，半嵌套，中央收费等多种停车场应用模式。

可与多奥电梯控制/门禁/考勤/智能通道/消费/在线巡更等智能一卡通DUOAO parking management system is based on a new 32-bit ARM platform,CAN ,and uses a dual-core processing architecture,so that the product stability and maneuverability are heightened qualitatively;the system is compatible with non-contact IC card ,ID card,CPU card,T5557 card,HID card and barcode paper tichket and many other authentication methods of vehicles in and out of the parking lot,and is able to meet a variety of parking application modes,such as one-in and one-out,multi-in and multi-out,full-nested,semi-nested,and central charges.产品定位及应用适合国内外各种停车场，出入口数量多，车辆进出频繁，大小车场嵌套，地下地上车库混合。

智能停车场设计研究外文文献翻译

毕业设计附件外文文献翻译：原文+译文文献出处：SV Srikanth. The research of intelligent parking lot design[J], Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, IEEE, 2016: 48-57.原文The research of intelligent parking lot designSV SrikanthAbstractCars have brought a lot of convenience, and also brought a lot of inconvenience to people, many cities in the "parking" problem. The traditional manual management of the parking lot has not meet the actual demand, exist in most traditional parking fee management confusion, the overall operation efficiency is low. Therefore, efficient, safe and reasonable management, quick and convenient intelligent parking lot management system has become many large comprehensive buildings and necessary facilities in residential area. Intelligent parking lot has become a hot research topic in the intelligent building technology. Most of many senior residential district of the city, shopping malls, entertainment, hotel, units parked car number is more, such as the emergence of a high degree of automation intelligent parking lot management system, not only effectively resolve disorderly parking place caused traffic chaos, but also can promote the regularized development of traffic facilities, in addition, the commuting time of large amount of car, parking efficiency is low, brought inconvenience to the owner. Intelligent parking lot to embolden manage system is the use of advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, and connecting with the user's demand to the management of charging on parking lot, and traffic management experience and development of the system. System provides an efficient way of management, to provide users with more convenient, more efficient service.Keywords: intelligent parking lot; RS485; Ethernet1 IntroductionSince entering the 21st century, the development of the society as a whole to promote the improvement of the people's living standard, therefore, in the city of private cars gradually became the most household items. After the purchase of vehicles, people in the travel convenience at the same time, also need to be the problem of parking difficulty, even in formal parking lot, also often can't reasonable, effective management and use of limited parking Spaces. Therefore, parking lot intellectualized management became practical to improve the efficiency of parking research subject. In fact, with the sharp increase in vehicles, parking? A corresponding increase in the number of, car park management cost of manpower and material resources is increasingly expensive, it also become the intelligent parking lot management outside the brother of one reason. As a result, the intelligent parking lot management style has become the trend of social development. Due to the subject can effectively improve the efficiency of vehicle management and improve the safety coefficient of the parking lot, so also can reflect its high practical application value.2 Intelligent parking lot management system designs2.1 Intelligent parking lot was compared with the traditional parking lotTraditional parking lot management system completely free operating by management personnel, management personnel of the most concern is the parking the car in and out of the parking lot of the time, so that the charging, and because the human problems, there is also less charge, leakage phenomenon, efficiency and security of the parking lot and consider less.Aimed at the lack of these aspects of the traditional parking lot, this paper puts forward the intelligent parking lot management system, vehicle in and out of the system can through the automatic identification of related technologies, and related to the vehicle information was saved in the system, such as the number of vehicles in and out of the parking lot, every car into the playing time for billing, fees, etc. At the same time to avoid the less charge, leakage problem. To improve the running efficiency of the parking lot. Intelligent parking lot management system operation process is as follows: when the car into the parking lot, system start the camera and intake of vehicle image, after computer processing to getthe vehicle type, size, license plate, color and other information, the information with that of the card only to the user and deposited in the database. When vehicles leave the parking lot, the user card is consistent with the license plate number or vehicle images and related information to release. The system is to adopt "a car one card" management model, namely from vehicles into the parking lot has to leave the parking lot, related to the car all the data associated with the ID number of the card, through the only? ID number, we can be the user information, vehicle type, license plate, color, image, vehicles into the playing time, stop time, should be paid with unified information in the database, such as easy to Chad and storage.2.2 The composition of the intelligent parking lot management systemIntelligent parking lot management system consists of a data processing system, the entry control system, vehicle equipment system, user management system; export control system of five parts. Relevant data of each system should be treated by a data processing system. Entrance control system include: access card reader antenna, gateway machine, automatic gate entrances camera, vehicle detector, transceiver card system; Vehicle equipment systems including parking space detection module and LED display in Chinese; User management system including user management and billing charges. Electronic tags: using RFID technology, for each car into the parking lot, the electronic label can be combined with the existing wireless card or RFID handset, stored with the vehicle model, plates, color information, etc., at the same time, the realization of automatic management of consumption.Entrance card reader antenna: rf signal transmission between the device and reading and writing labels. Inward and outward automatic alarm machine, automatic alarm and automatic machines have induction and button control a variety of ways, with functions of sensing detecting anti hit, main function is to motor vehicles in and out management. Under normal circumstances, the gate rail down, the door closed, a ban on vehicle access. When legal vehicles into the controller on the open ring alarm relay control lift rail of the crane, vehicle to allow access. Brake down after the vehicle automatic reset, such as road, is in the process of the traffic through, will stop falling back, in case you hit a car. Quick way between installed in the entrance to aparking lot, distance control machine 3 m or so. By the box body, motor, clutch, mechanical transmission parts, between rods, such as electronic control parts. Inward and outward camera: the camera in and out of the parking lot, vehicles, intake of related processing image through system.Vehicle detector: this detector is surrounded by a group of induction coil and current digital circuit board, and the alarm or control machine, coil respectively to make sweet in the park underground 20 cm, as long as there is traffic on the road, the coil will generate induced current signal, after dealing with the vehicle detector to control the machine or alarm signal control, generally speaking, the import and export with two vehicle detector, the alarm pole in front of the detector is lost to the working state of the host signal.3 The relevant technology of the intelligent parking lotAccording to the actual needs of this paper the design of the intelligent parking lot, this paper adopted ZigBee technology as intelligent parking lot of the wireless communication technology. This chapter makes a brief introduction of ZigBee technology and its agreement, and put forward mainly CC2530 chip controller hardware module design, Z - Stack is analyzed the working process of the protocol Stack, implements the communication system of license plate number, state of parking space and lighting information such as packaging and send. Close range wireless communication technology was first used in industrial production, however, as the daily communication requirements continue to increase, especially in recent years, a variety of the huge popularity of digital communication equipment, represented by the Bluetooth and wi-fi at close range wireless communication technology is also began to enter the ordinary people every aspect of life. It is generally believed that close range wireless communication of information is a way to send and receive radio waves, and send and receive the two sides apart at close range (generally think that ina few meters).3.1 The infrared transmission techniqueCould say that, in all of these close range wireless communication technology, the use of infrared transmission technology history is most long, is also the mostwidely used. In ordinary daily life, we often can see there is the case of using the infrared transmission technique, the more common is a TV set, and the remote control of air conditioning, etc.Because use analog signal transmission, almost no other similar signal on its interference, thus the transmission stability is better. And now the development of the technology is very developed, the price is cheaper also. Due to the infrared transmission point-to-point transmission characteristics of direct connection, its security is also high. But the technology is also there is a short transmission distance, high requirements for communication Angle, can't penetrate obstacles such as defects.3.2 Bluetooth technologyEricsson first proposed the Bluetooth technology, and then set up the Bluetooth technology alliance specification its technical standards. Were identified in 1999 put forward the technical standard of 2.4 GHz as its working frequency, and began the business promotion. Compared with was very widely used infrared technology, Bluetooth technology adopted different from mouth to mouth way of transmission, and the relative speed has improved a lot. Sold on the market at present most is the Bluetooth device using version 2.0, along with the rising of wireless transmission, Bluetooth technology is also constantly updated, the latest Bluetooth version 4.0, the main technique is characterized by high speed and low power consumption.3.3 ZigBee technologyZigBee protocol is set by the ZigBee alliance, the first official version of the agreements are released in 2004.The main characteristics of this technology is low cost, less power consumption, the number of nodes, network topology diversity, simple structure and high safety. At present the technology mainly used in the digital home, building automation, industrial and agricultural automatic control, intelligent transportation, health care and remote monitoring of the environment and disaster areas.3.4 The wi-fi technologyWi-fi is Wireless Fidelity short for Wireless Fidelity ().It is called the IEEE 802.11 standard, b is the wi-fi alliance manufacturers as a brand product certificationtrademark. The wi-fi technology has a very wide range of applications, in addition to the daily life can see laptops, tablets and smart phones and other equipment through the connected wi-fi Internet conveniently, some airports and stations, many hotels, restaurants and schools and even more developed cities also often provide wi-fi hotspots, to facilitate the users.3.5 UWB technologyUWB is Ultra - wideband (UWB), the main characteristics of this technology is low power consumption and high speed transmission. It uniquely adopted the pulse signal as a way to transfer data.UWB already has more than 50 years of history, was first used in military field, but was not published until 2002, the United States, the technology and its application in commercial field.UWB technology characteristics of high-speed transmission, determines it is particularly suited to be used to transmit large capacity of multimedia data such as had video. The characteristics of the wireless transmission can also help the original electronic equipment cable transmission mode between upgrade for the wireless transmission mode, make their connection between all kinds of smart devices become more convenient and flexible, the future may result in the "smart home", "digital office", etc. To get more extensive application in the scene.译文智能停车场设计研究SV Srikanth摘要汽车给人们的交通生活带来了很多方便之处，也给人们带来了许多不便，很多城市出现了“停车难”问题。

汽车系统中英文专有名词对照

M_Benz系統中英文專有名詞對照9107051 > 9110021 v1.0序英文代碼系統系中文英文型號1 2E-E 化油器Carburetor2 4MATIC 自動地控制四輪傳動Automatically controlled four-wheel drive3 A AG 拖車連結單元Trailer connection unit4 A AM 全部致動活動模組All activity module5 A AS 開始-結束輔助Start-off assist6 A B 安全氣囊Airbag7 A BC 主動車身控制Active body control8 A BD5 防滑剎車系統(新版Antilock brake system (new version with fault code and9 A BE 一般操作准許General Operating Permit10 A BL (EL) 外部燈光Exterior lights11 A BS 防滑剎車系統Antilock brake system12 A BW(PROX) 接近警告Proximity warning13 A DA 氣壓計式氣壓壓力Barometric pressure-dependent full load stop14 A DR 工作速度控制Working speed control15 A DS 適合的阻尼的系統Adaptive damping system16 A DS 11 適合的阻尼的系統1Adaptive damping system 1117 A G(AT) 自動傳輸變速箱Automatic transmission (AT)18 A GB 自動速度限制器Automatic speed limiter19 A GR (EGR) 排廢氣再循環Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)20 A HV 拖車掛住Trailer hitch21 A KR (KSS) 爆震敲打Knock sensor system (KSS)感應系統22 A KS (ACS) 自動離合器系統Automatic clutch system (ACS)23 A KSE(ACSR) 自動小孩坐下認知Automatic child seat recognition (ACSR)24 A LB(EL) 外部燈光Exterior lights (EL)25 A LDA(BCAPC) 氣壓/裝載氣壓補償Barometric pressure/charge air pressu26 A PS 自動駕駛導引系統Auto pilot system (APS)27 A RA(AJC) 反顛簸控制Anti-jerk control (AJC)28 A RF(EGR) 排廢氣再循環Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)29 A RMIN 安全氣囊整合的緊Airbag with integrated emergency call system (ARMIN)30 A S (TS) 反拖吊感應器Anti-towing sensor (TS)31 A SA(ADM) 自動暗淡內後視鏡Automatic dimming inside rearview mirror (AD32 A SD 自動鎖定差速器Automatic locking differential (ASD)33 A SF (DSV) 駕駛授權系統遮斷閥Drive authorization system shutoff valve (DSV)34 A SG(SEQ) 順序式自動手控變Sequentronic automated manual transmission35 A SK 起動馬達鎖住接觸Starter lockout contact (ASK)36 A SP 外部鏡Outside mirrors (ASP)37 A SR 加速滑動調整Acceleration slip regulation (ASR)38 A SSYST 動態服務系統Active service system (ASSYST)39 A STM 柴油引擎最小燃料Minimum fuel requirements for diesel engines (ASTM)40 A TF 自動變速箱油Automatic transmission fluid (ATF)41 A TS 天線系統Antenna systems (ATS)42 A U 排氣蒸發散檢查Exhaust emissions check (AU)43 A UDIO 音響系統(例如收AUDIO systems (e.g. radio, CD player)音44 A WR (DWR) 距離警告雷達Distance warning radar (DWR)45 B AE 基本觸發單元(氣囊)Basic triggering unit (airbag) (BAE)46 B AS 煞車輔助Brake assist (BAS)47 B S 超速傳動煞車Overdrive brakes (BS)48 C AN 控制區域網路(資料Controller area network (databus/CAN databus) (CAN)49 C DI 一般橫軌柴油噴射Common rail diesel injection (CDI)50 C DW (CDC) CD光碟轉換器CD changer (CDC)51 C NG 壓縮的天然氣Compressed natural gas (CNG)52 C NS 通信與導航系統Communications and navigation system (CNS)53 C O 一氧化碳Carbon monoxide (CO)54 C O2 二氧化碳Carbon dioxide (CO2)55 C OMAND 駕駛員座艙管理與Cockpit management and data system (COMAND)56 C TS 大陸輪胎系統Continentat Tire System57 C V(CST) 可變式軟頂Convertible soft top (CST)58 C W拖曳係數Coefficient of drag (CW)59 C Z 碳氫化合物數值(柴Cetane number (diesel ignition quality) (CZ)60 D2B 數位的資料匯流排Digital databus (D2 B)61 D BE(OCP) 頂上式控制面板控Overhead control panel control module (OCP)62 D E 直接噴射Direct injection (DE)63 D H(DMAN) 診斷手冊Diagnosis Manual (DMAN)64 D IN EN 德國工業標準,歐洲German Industry Standard, European Standard (DIN EN)65 D M 診斷模組(加州版)Diagnostic module (DM)currently California only)66 D OT 運輸部門Department of Transportation (DOT)67 D TR 自動智慧型巡航控制Distronic (autonomous intelligent cruise control) (DTR68 D WA (ATA) 防盜警報系統Anit-theft alarm system (ATA)69 D ZF 動態導航Dynamic navigation (DZF)70 E-Call 緊急求援系統Emergency call system (E-call)71 E AG 電子自動傳輸變速Electronic automatic transmission cont72 E AM 延伸動態模組Extended activity module73 E BV 電子煞車力分配Electronic brake force distribution (EBV)74 E CAS 電子水平調整(含校Electronic level control (with calibration) (ECAS)75 E CE 歐洲經濟委員會Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)76 E CI 能量控制式點火Energy controlled Ignition (ECI)77 E DC 電子柴油控制Electronic diesel control (EDC)78 E DR 電子柴油法規Electronic diesel regulation (EDR)79 E DS 電子柴油系統Electronic diesel system (EDS)80 E DW 防盜警報系統Anti-theft alarm system (ATA)81 E FH 電動窗Power windows82 E FP 電子加速器Electronic accelerator (EA)83 E GS(ETC) 電子傳輸控制Electronic transmission control (ETC)84 E HS 電子液壓致動器Electrohydraulic actuator (EHS)85 E LAB 電子切斷閥裝置Electronic shutoff device (EDC) (ELAB)86 E LCODE 電子編碼系統Electronic code system (ELCOOE)87 E LR(ISC) 電子怠速控制Electronic idle speed control (ISC)88 E LV(ESL) 電子轉向Electric steering lock (ESL)操控鎖89 E NR(ELA) 電子水平調整Electronic level adjustment (ELA)90 E OBO 歐洲面板診斷European On-Board Diagnosis (EOBD)91 E P 噴射泵Injection pump (EP)92 E PC 電子動力控制Electronic power control (EPC)93 E RE (IFI) 電子線序式燃油噴Electronic in-line fuel injection (diesel injection sy94 E SL(MSC) 電動後視鏡,轉向柱Electric mirror, steering column adjustment, heated mi95 E SP 電子穩定程式Electronic stability program (ESP)96 E SV(ESA) 電座位調整Electric seat adjustment (ESA)97 E SV-B(ESA-P) 電座位調整,乘客Electric seat adjustment, passenger (98 E SV-F(ESA-D) 電座位調整,駕駛者Electric seat adjustment, driver (ESA-D)99 E TS 電子收縮系統Electronic traction system (ETS)100 E VE(DFI) 電子分配燃油噴射Electronic distributor-type fuel injection (DFI)101 E VL(ESC) 電子調整轉向柱Electrically adjustable steering column (ESC)102 E WM(ESM) 電子選擇器模組Electronic selector module (ESM)103 E ZL(DI) 分電盤式點火系統Distributor ignition system (DI)104 E ZS (EIS) 電子點火開關控制Electronic ignition switch control module (EIS)105 F AG(FAT) 前自動傳輸Front automatic transmission (FAT)106 F AN 響亮的喇叭聲Fanfare horns (FAN)107 F BM(DAM) 駕駛授權組模Drive authorization module (DAM)108 F BS (DAS) 駕駛授權系統Drive authorization system (DAS)109 F BS2b(DAS) 駕駛授權系統2bDrive authorization system (DAS) 2b110 F BS 3(DAS) 駕駛授權系統3 Drive authorization system (DAS) 3111 F FZ (RFL) 無線電頻率鎖定 Radio frequency locking (RFL)112FFZ/IFZ (RFL/RCL)無線電頻率鎖定/紅Radio frequency locking/infrared remote central lockin 113 F GS (FTC) 前輪驅動傳輸控制Front wheel drive transmission control (FTC)114 F IN (VIM) 車輛標識號碼Vehicle identification number (VIM)115 F SA (HFS) 手控自由系統 Hands-free system (HFS)116 F TLS 駕駛者門線路線束頭Driver door wiring harness (FTLS)117 G AL(SDV) 速度感應音量控制Speed-dependent volume control (SDV)118 G ALA 使用零件之保固程序Warranty procedure for used parts119 G AS 瓦斯引擎 Gas engine (GAS)120 G AS(PAS) 緊急警報系統 panic alarm system (PAS)121 G EM 傳輸範圍認知模組Transmission range recognition module (GEM)122 G ES (VSS) 車輛速度訊號 Vehicle speed signal (VSS)123 G M(BM) 基本模組 Base module (BM)124 G PS 全球定位系統 Global positioning system (GPS)125 G UB (SBE) 安全帶延長器 Seat belt extender (SBE)126 G US(ETR) 緊急張力牽引器Emergency tensioning retractor (ETR)127 G VN 延伸車輛網路 Extended vehicle network (GVN)128 H A 後軸 Rear axle (HA)129 H AL 後軸操控 Rear axle steering (HAL)130 H AU (HEAT) 自動電熱器(加熱) Automatic heater (HEAT)131 H BA 液壓煞車輔助 Hydraulic brake assist (HBA)132 H DF(RTR)遙控後行Remote trunk release (RTR)133 H FM (HFM-SFI) 循序式多點燃油噴HFM sequential multiport fuel injection/ignition syste134 H FS 電加溫風擋玻璃Heated windshield (HFS)135 H HS 後窗除霜裝置Rear window defroster (HHS)136 H HT 手持式測試器Hand-held tester (HHT)137 H L (LR) 左後方Left rear (LR)138 H LS(MWH) 主要線路接頭Main wiring harness (MWH)139 H ORN 喇叭系統Horn system (HORN)140 H PF(HPS) 液壓氣動懸吊Hydropneumatic suspension (HPS)141 H R (RR) 右後方Right rear (RR)142 H TLS 車後擋板線路接頭Tailgate wiring harness (HTLS)143 H YD 動力液壓Power hydraulics (HYD)144 H YF 流體靜力驅動器Hydrostatic drive (HYF)145 H ZS (TAL) 後行李箱蓋輔助鎖Trunk lid auxiliary lock (TAL)146 I BL (IL) 內部燈光Interior lights (IL)147 I CS 資訊和通信系統Information and Communications System (ICS) (j-only)148 I FZ 紅外線遙控中央鎖定Infrared remote central locking (RCL)149 I NT(RCL) 延遲器Intarder (INT)150 I R 紅外線遙控Infrared remote control (IR)151 I RS(IMS) 內部動作感應器Interior motion sensor (IMS)152 I SP 內部後視鏡Interior rearview mirror (ISP)153 I TC 中間冷卻器(補充空Intercooler (charge air cooler) (ITC)154 K-KLA (C-AAC) 便利自動空氣調節Convenience automatic air conditioning (C-AAC)155 K A(CFI) 連續式燃油噴射系Continuous fuel injection system (mec156 K AF(RHR) 可伸縮後Retractable rear head restraints (RHR)157 K AT(TWC) 三元觸媒轉換器Three-way catalytic converter (TWC)158 K E(CFI) 連續式燃油噴射系Continuous fuel injection system (electronic) (CFI)159 K FB (CF) 便利特點Convenience feature (CF)160 K G 免鑰匙起動Keyless Go (KG)161 K l(1C) 儀表板Instrument cluster (1C)162 K IW 儀表板保養區間顯示Instrument cluster with maintenance interval display (163 K LA(AAC) 自動空氣調節Automatic air conditioning (AAC)164 K LS 溫度控制座位Climate-controlled seat (KLS)165 K S 離合器Clutch (KS)166 K SG 容易移動手控變速器Easy-shift manual transmission (Sequentronic) (KSG)167 K W (CKA) 曲柄角度)Crank angle (CKA)168 L CD 液晶顯示器Liquid crystal display (LCD)169 L DA 依據提昇壓力-全節Boost pressure-dependent full throttle stop (LDA)170 L DH 薄板車頂Lamella roof (LDH)171 L ED 發光二極體Light emitting diode (LED)172 L H(LH-SFI) 連續多點t燃油噴射LH sequential multlport fuel injection system (LH-SFI)173 L IN 區域性互相連結網路Local interconnect network174 L L (LHS) 左駕駛方向盤Left-hand steering (LHS)175 L LR (ISC) 怠速控制Idle speed control (ISC)176 L RH 方向盤輪電熱器Steering wheel heater (LRH)177 L S(PS) 動力方向盤齒輪Power steering gear (PS)178 L SA(LS) 揚聲器系Loudspeaker system (LS)統179 L WR(HRA) 頭燈距離修正Headlamp range adjustment (HRA)180 M AS(ESCM) 引擎系統控制模組Engine systems control module (ESC181 M CS 模組控制系統Modular control system (MCS)182 M E(ME-SFI) (引擎電子學)燃油噴ME (motor electronics) fuel injection and ignition sys183 M G(MT) 手控變速器Manual transmission (MT)184 M KL 多外形結構坐椅靠背Multlcontour seat backrest (MKL)185 M KS(MCS) 多段結構坐椅Multicontour seat (MCS)186 M LS 引擎線路接頭Engine wiring harness (MLS)187 M OZ 引擎辛烷值Engine octane rating (MOZ)188 M RA(REST) 剩餘引擎熱利用Residual engine heat utilization (REST)189 M RM 轉向柱模組Steering column module (MRM)190 M RS 多功能禁制安全氣Multifunction restraint system (MRS)191 M SA15 數量,開始噴射廢氣Quantity, start of injection, exhaust gas recirculatio192 M SA25 數量,開始噴射廢氣Quantity, start of injection, exhaust ion (12V)193 M SM (ECM) 引擎控制模組Engine control monolith (ECM)194 M SR (EBR) 引擎剎車規定Engine braking regulation (EBR)195 M SS(SVMCM) 特別車輛多功能控Special vehicle multifunction control m196 N中間(性) Neutral (N)197 N OS 特別保護車輛恐慌Special protected vehicle panic call system (NOS198 N OX (數字NOX氮的氧化Nitrous oxides (NOX)199 N RS 緊急呼叫系統Emergency call system (NRS)200 N TA 緊急呼叫系統,計程Emergency call system, taxi alarm (N201 N TC 負溫度係數Negative temperature coefficient (NTC)202 N V(LOC) 低壓縮Low compression (LOC) 203 O BD 面板診斷On-board diagnosis (OBD)204 O BF(UCP) 上控制面板Upper control panel (UCP)205 O MS 操作監控系統Operating monitoring system (OMS)206 O SL (OSB) 調整形座椅靠背Orthopedic seat backrest (OSB)207 O T(TDC) 上死點Top dead center (TDC) 208 P arktronic 後援輔助Backup assist209 P IN 個人識別號碼Personal identification number (PIN)210 P IA (PISI) 氣體怠速增加Pneumatic idle speed increase (PISI)211 P LD 幫浦線列噴油嘴Pump-line-nozzle (PLD)212 P M 特別事件(特別)Particulate matter (particles) (PM)213 P ME 蔬菜油甲基酯Vegetable oil methyl ester (PME)214 P ML(SPS) 速度感應動力方向盤Speed-sensitive power Steering (SPS)215 P MS(PEC) 加壓式引擎控制Pressurized engine control (PEC)216 P SE 氣體系統裝備Pneumatic system equipment (PSE)217 P SV(PMP) 部份進氣歧管預熱器Partial intake manifold preheater (PMP)218 P TC 正溫度係數Positive temperature coefficient (PTC)219 P TS 停車電子系統Parktronic system (PTS)220 P WM 脈衝寬度調變Pulse width modulation (PWM)221 R倒車齒輪Reverse gear (R)222 R A 修理指示Repair instructions (RA)223 R AF 抑制氧化劑Trap oxidizer (RAF)224 R BA(FFS) 車架地板系統Frame floor system (FFS)225 R D 收音機Radio (RD)226 R DK (TPC) 輪胎壓力控制系統Tire pressure control system (TPC)227 R DU(TPM) (輪胎壓力監控Tire pressure monitoring (TPM)228 R FA (BA) 後援輔助Backup assist (BA)229 R FLS 後援輔助線路接頭Backup assist wiring harness (RFLS)230 R IV 調速器脈衝方法Governor impulse method (RIV)231 R L (RHS) 右側方向盤駕駛操控Right-hand steering (RHS)232 R ME 強制甲基酯Rape methyl ester (btodiesel) (RME)233 R OZ 研究辛烷值Research octane rating (ROZ)234 R Q 最小最大調速器Minimum-maximum speed governor (RQ)235 R QV 變速首長Variable speed governor (RQV) 236 R RE (TRIP) 旅程電腦Trip computer (TRIP)237 R V(RST) 敞篷車軟頂Roadster soft top (RST)238 R UF 觸媒轉換器更新版本Catalytic converter retrofit version (RUF)239 S+B 設定+加速(巡航控制Set + Accelerate (cruise control) (S+B)240 S A 特別裝備Special equipment (SA)241 S AE 汽車工程師協會(黏Society of Automotive Engineers (viscosity grades) (SA242 S AM 訊號獲取與致動模Signal acquisition and actuation module (SAM)243 S BC 感應電子煞車控制Sensotronic Brake Control (SBC)244 S BS (VCS) 聲音控制系統Voice control system (VCS)245 S EM 安全模組Security module (SEM)246 S HD (SR) 傾斜滑動車頂Tilting/sliding roof (SR)247 S HI(CA) 封閉輔助Closing assist (CA) 248 S HZ 熱(車窗) Heated windows (SHZ)249 S IF 熱的後座椅Heated rear seats (SIF)250 S IH(HS) 熱的座椅Heated seats (HS)251 S IM 訂戶識別模組Subscriber identification module (SIM)252 S KF 多功能控制模組Multi-function control module (SKF)253 S OSI 特別信號系統Special signal system (SOSI)254 S OUND 聲音系統(例如放大SOUND systems (e.g. amplifier)255 S PH 加熱式照後鏡Heated mirrors (SPH)256 S PK 折疊外部照後鏡Folding outside mirrors (SPK)257 S RA (HCS) 頭燈清洗系統Headlamp cleaning system (HCS)258 S RB 安全氣囊補充固定Supplemental restraint system, front passenger (SRB)259 S RS 安全氣囊補充固定Supplemental restraint system (SRS)260 S RU(MVA) 歧管真空輔助Manifold vacuum assist (MVA)261 S TC (SEQ) 順序電子式Sequentronic (SEQ)262 S TH 固定電熱器Stationary heater (STH)263 S TI 服務技術資訊Service Technical Information (STI)264 S TIP 服務技術資訊汽車Service Technical Information, Passenger Cars (STIP)265 S TS (SLO) 起動的鎖住停止Starter lockout (SLO)266 S tVZO 德國頒發權證與註German licensing and registration regulations (StVZO)267 S VS(PL) 動力鎖定Power locking (PL)268 S-B 設定+減速(巡航Set + Decelerate (cruise control) (S-B)269 T AU(TAC) 空氣調節Air conditioning (Tempmatic) (TAC) 270 T C 輪胎控制Tire control (TC)271 T D 時間分隔(加速訊號,Time division (speed signal, diesel) (TD)272 T El (CTEL) 電話行動Cellular telephone (CTEL)273 T ELE AID 電話幫助警報識別(Telematic Alarm Identification on Demand (emergency AI274 T EV 油箱通風孔閥Tank vent valve (TEV)275 T MC 交通訊息頻道Traffic message channel (TMC)276 T N 速度訊號,汽油引擎Speed signal, gasoline engine (TN)277 T PM (CC) 巡航定速控制Cruise control (Tempomat) (CC)278 T SA 熱起動系統對固定Telestart system for stationary heater (radio remote c279 T SG (DCM) 門控制模組Door control module (DCM)280 T ST 門控制Door control (TST)281 T SV 部分電座位調整Partially electric seat adjustment (TSV)282 T SZ 電晶體點火控制Transistorized ignition control (TSZ)283 T URBO (TC) 排氣渦輪增壓器Exhaust gas turbocharger (TC)284 T V 電視調諧器TV tuner (TV)285 U B 電瓶電壓Battery voltage (UB)286 U BF 下控制板Lower control panel (UBF) 287 U MS 調節器Modulator (UMS)288 U P 煞車增力器真空幫浦Brake booster vacuum pump (UP)289 U RB(RB) 滾動桿損毀調度Roll bar crash deployment (RB)290 U SV 轉換閥Switchover valve (USV) 291 U T(BDC) 下死點Bottom dead center (BDC)292 U VS(RVC) 滾動桿-螺形車頂Roll bar - Vario roof control (RVC)293 V A 前軸Front axle (VA) 294 V D 螺形車頂Vario roof (VD)295 V G 轉移事件(箱)Transfer case (VG)296 V HG(RTG) 可伸縮的後行李箱Retractable trunk lid grip (RTG)297 V L(LF) 左前方Left front (LF) 298 V R(RF) 右前方Right front (RF) 299 W FS(IMM) 防移動Immobilizer (IMM)300 W IA 保養區間顯示Maintenance interval display (WIA)301 W IS 保養廠資訊系統Workshop Information System (WIS)302 W SA 雨刷系統Wiper system (WSA)303 W SK (WSS) 扭矩轉換離合器Torque converter clutch (WSS)304 Z AE(CTU) 中央觸發單元(安全Central triggering unit (airbag) (CTU)305 Z AS(CSO) 汽缸遮斷Cylinder shutoff (CSO)306 Z H (HB) 電熱器增援器Heater booster (HB)307 Z UH (HB) 電熱器增援器Heater booster (HB)308 Z V 便利關閉系統或者Convenience closing system or central locking (CL) (ex309 Z W (CL) 點火角度Ignition angle (ZW)310 U RB (RB) 滾動桿Roll bar (RB)M_Benz線束顏色表BMW線束顏色表BL Blue 藍 RTRed 紅BL Blue 藍 RT Red 紅BR Brown 褐 SWBlack 黑BR Brown 褐 SW Black 黑GE Yellow 黃 VIPURPLE 紫GE Yellow 黃 VI Violet 紫GN Green 綠 WSWhite 白GN Green 綠 WS White 白GR Gray 灰 TRTransparent 透明GR Gray 灰 TR Transparent 透明OR Orange 橙(橙黃)橘OR Orange 橙(橙黃)橘RS Pink 粉RS Pink 粉紅紅NF NEUTRAL 非彩色的,略帶灰色的。

停车场的管理外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

密级
分类号
编号
成绩
本科生毕业设计 (论文)
外文翻译
原文标题Management of parking lot
译文标题停车场的管理
作者所在系别机电工程学院
作者所在专业车辆工程
作者所在班级B13141
作者姓名邸宝龙
作者学号201322244
指导教师姓名孟立新
指导教师职称副教授
完成时间2017 年 3 月
北华航天工业学院教务处制
注：1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面：①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计（论文）的主题是否高度相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计（论文）的参考文献；②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量（3 000字以上）；③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。

2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。

智能停车场管理系统 Intelligent parking system

Intelligent parking systemEuropean Journal of Operational Research ; 0377-2217 ; 2006;175volumes; 3Intelligent parking management system uses advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, mechanical, and electronic computer-controlled equipment, and intelligent IC card technology combine management can be achieved through the computer management of vehicle access, automatic data storage function, the realization of de machine operation and provide - efficient management of the system.Smart new car park will be living concepts and architecture, information technology, computer electronics technology, such as the perfect combination of modern high-tech to provide a simple, easy-to-use, advanced system of human nature. It relies on high-tech, people-oriented, graphical man-machine interface operation, providing a more safe, comfortable, convenient, fast and open intelligent, information-based living space, promoting the healthy development of human environment.1 parking lot at home and abroad mainly in the following several types1.1 mechanical parkingMechanical parking car park is mainly a kind of mechanical means parking the car park completely by mechanical parking equipment such as tractor driving machine, driven wheels, car panels, sliding device, control cabinet, called the operation site, Rotary lift devices, handling devices, etc.. Lifting and transferring is divided into categories, vertical circulation category, the level of cycle-type, multi-cycle-type, flat type of mobile, vertical categories, such as the type of simple movements. Because of its unique and diverse way of parking, has a strong application. It covers an area of the main advantages of small, diverse selection can be combined with site specific characteristics of the design, but also with other means to implement a combination of a high degree of automation, easy operation, management and maintenance is also easier with quantitative parking characteristics.1.2 Plane parking systemIntelligent parking system parking systems for their plane to take the main inductive way IC card readers, so the car park is also called inductive system. At present, China is still in the car park car park is mainly flat, generally built in the basement of buildings, there are a number of public areas such as the Plaza, the road side as the car park, followed by the hotel, enterprises, factories, and other units of their own planning and design of the car park.1.3 Smart parkingIntelligent parking system is also called the vertical lift or elevator-type parking system parking systems. It is a set of equipment, operation, security, monitoring, maintenance, management of the intelligent system as a whole, the touch-screen human-machine interface, operation and use is also very convenient, with intelligent management and charges of the system. Its high degree of intelligence testing and perfecting the service system can be impaired also run zero. It is characterized by the largest original time control functions, the realization of sub-periods, stratified parking control, effectively improve the utilization of parking spaces. Password through the keyboard and the IC card can be realized vehicle access, the process of charging, easy operation and convenient access; and with the city parking system, enabling the city's parking card, and the installation of surveillance systems networking with the area. Another intelligent modular three-dimensional garage have begun to mature, not only to achieve a full modular design, use of intelligent control technology, but also made full use of solar energy technology, energy reserves (energy) technology. Smart Modular three-dimensional garage is no longer a whole building, which is a combination of independent modules, such as parking spaces, lifting devices, such as the smart car parts scattered, when construction of the architecture in a building block as long as the same as the all zero components assembled together, it becomes a standardthree-dimensional garage, with a time-saving and low cost.1.4 Remote-controlled car park management systemIntelligent parking system remote control features of the car park management system is not subject to parking restrictions on the location and direction, as long as the distance between the remote control to openthe door and can be carried under control. Remote control and easy to carry, cheap, easy to install. The main principle is that in the railings and electric machine control box installed on the remote control door controller card and memory card to receive, in use, as long as the correct password for the remote control can control the system. Its products have experienced from the allocation of code and then type the pulse cycle of the development process has matured. Remote-controlled car park management system has been widely used in many European and private residential parking.2 smart parking system characteristics2.1 strict management system chargesArtificial cash for the current charges is not only labor-intensive, low efficiency, and are vulnerable to financial loopholes and cause great loss of cash. The use of IC card management system fees, because fees are recognized by the computer, statistics and records, to avoid errors and cheating, such as a phenomenon, to effectively protect the interests of investors yard.2.2 high-performance securityBecause of the high degree of confidentiality of IC cards, and its encryption spend decades in general computer solution of the time can not, it can not be modeled, from the root system to ensure the credibility and feasibility.2.3 The management of a high degree of safety and soundnessArtificial taking the issue of credit cards where admission card at any time and without omissions recorded, lost car or false lost car occurred from time to time, to the car park management has caused many inconveniences to the parking lot also brought economic losses. Management fees and the use of a computer system, due to various types of card in the computer are detailed records of relevant information; monthly cards and stored value cards can be lost to re-submit a timely manner; hourly rate cards can also be lost at any time search, the timely processing of .At the same time, the system functions with the image contrast. Both types of parking the vehicle registration number, filing cards, a card dedicated to ensure the safety of parking. When the reader detects vehicle controller, the computer automatically grades and play out this license plate recognition system when the brand re-identification of comparison, the computer screen in real-time display of the number of vehicles out of the population, status, time, and the owner of the information. If the license plate wrong, the computer prompts at any time, and issued a warning not to leave, and other relevant personnel at the scene.2.4 durability and reliablePassive non-contact IC card, the card is generally coil for data transmission and reception of energy use, and all sealed and thereforehave a dust-proof and waterproof function. It should not be read-write heads to avoid the wear and tear tape, interference or failure due to dust accumulation and the head of the phenomenon in general can be used more than 100,000.2.5 Non-contact IC card technology leaderNon-contact IC card is the electromagnetic technology, RF technology, computer technology, code recognition technology integrated application of technology, with excellent water-proof, anti-fouling, anti-oil, anti-corrosion, anti-static and anti-distortion, such as destruction of properties.2.6 establish a good corporate imageGood corporate image is priceless intangible assets, smart parking system, the modernization of the use of high-tech products will no doubt enhance the image and visibility of property management, fee management computer system, in terms of product design, or package system brought about by the nature and management of scientific, management will have to establish a good image, so that virtuous circle of companies who step-by-step, and continuously forge ahead and become a model of scientific management.3 smart parking system equipmentIntelligent parking by the population, export and center management has three major components.3.1 imported parts: the main part of the population by the induction IC card reader, IC card a card machine, intercom extension, video cameras, vehicle sensors, parking detector, the entrance of the control panel, automatic road gates, vehicle detector coil and display parking spaces and so on.3.2 parts exports: exports mainly includes induction by IC card reader, camera, intercom extension, export control panel, automatic road gates, vehicles and vehicle detection coil contrast imaging system.Management Center 3.3: Management fees Management Center computers, monitors, hard disk video recorders, reports, printers, car park management fee component and system software.4 constitutes a smart parking system4.1 parking spaces for display systemThe entire smart parking system is a computerized management system, it needs real-time detection of the parking spaces, the intelligent parking system for this purpose may be to set up a parking space in each detector, through the signal processor into sub-systems managementsoftware, management software by analysis will present the best parking spaces in the parking spaces to the driver display screen at the same time open spaces and bright lights prompt, suggesting that drivers in this parking. Detector if the parking spaces to the parking garage with no vacancies, the screen display parking "garage fully booked" and the ticket machine shows "full digital garage" and that the vehicle no longer be allowed into the library.4.2 Anti-theft SystemAnti-theft system is a set of parking spaces in various places to install a high-key remote control, which work in parallel parking spaces detector. When the driver stopped the car after the storage operation will be remote control code to the vehicle; when the driver of the bus ready to take the Treasury to operate a remote control decoder to the vehicle. If there is no decoder check car alarm system-related work and linkage alarm or activate video surveillance systems, prevention of vehicle thefts.4.3 Monitoring SystemSurveillance system cameras, controllers, monitors, video recorders composition. The main parking garage for security surveillance, to ensure safe and secure parking.4.4 Image Comparison SystemContrast imaging system consists of cameras, snapshot controller, image processor and other components. When a vehicle or into the library card for the tickets, the capture controller to start a video camera image of the vehicle and the driver together with the votes held by the card or the coexistence of people of the information system of a database. When a vehicle inspection of library card or check, the capture controller again, and start off brand camera photo images, and then with the system database to compare information. If the information in line road brake automatically released from a column of vehicles; Otherwise, the message is not allowed and automatic alarm.4.5 Export SystemWhen a database of vehicles, the vehicle detector sensor signal out of the Treasury to inform the host computer and prompts the operator to prepare the operation, a video camera at the same time export images of the vehicle identification information and the corresponding number with the computer all the relevant information for comparison , in line with the fee should be calculated automatically and through the toll signs indicate that the driver prompt payment; warning if it does not match, suggesting that vehicle entry fees based on images taken during the manual more than right.Center Management System 4.6 softwareCenter software package management system is the smart parking management system the core of the smart parking system, it functions primarily by strong PC and peripheral equipment such as printers. Management Center can be used as a server device through the bus connection with the subsidiary, the exchange operating data, and data for the operation of automatic statistics, record-keeping. System has a password protection feature to prevent unauthorized management procedures are invasive and have a very strong graphics capabilities, able to plan parking garage, parking spaces occupied by the real-time, import and export, as well as channel opening and closing state of blockade, etc. displayed on the screen, car park to facilitate the management and scheduling. It is not only the construction unit to provide a flexible and effective management style, but also to have the self-maintenance function and the expansion of certain functions, in order to adapt to future technology development needs.5 Intelligent parking systemProducts are only to help human beings are becoming more efficient, more convenient and simple to solve the problem. Intelligent parking system as an advanced product is the ultimate human services, it can not be divorced from the principle of people-oriented or advanced technology is a waste. Technology therefore parking should also be in line with local conditions and give full play to all the features of the car park. In addition to the intelligent parking lot outside a number of basic functions should have the following functions.5.1 Induction card(1) long-range sensors;(2) waterproof, Antimagnetic, antistatic, wear-resistant, and information storage capacity, long service life;(3) through the card to pay parking fees, the realization of card functions;(4) to read and write fast, easy to operate;(5) use of non-directional, you can read and write in any direction over the work surface to complete reading and writing;(6) ID card reader and two-way password identification system.5.2 Automatic function(1) accept input signals manually for debugging installation;(2) delay, under-voltage, over-voltage automatic protection;(3) can be a buffer of two lift gate to receive instructions, can be had for cars;(4) gates with RS485 communication interface, an acceptable management fee of the direct control of the computer;(5) unloading device, in order to prevent external damage;(6) with anti control system, ensure the safety of vehicles;(7) photoelectric switch stroke control to replace the mechanical trip switch, long life;(8) compatibility, and to ensure that the needs of different types of customers;(9) with a balance to ensure the operation of light, smooth, small input power;(10) additional emergency manual device to prevent the occurrence of accidents;(11) circuit-wide non-contact control system, ensure the safety of vehicles.5.3 Import and Export function boxes(1) whether the perception of vehicles, car-free or not issuing card reader;(2) temporary user key access cards, access cards do not spit out the card in the specified time automatically close cards, card to avoid wastage;(3) usually show the clock and date;(5) identification card reader, alarm lights are null and void;(6) system at any time sensor reading into the ballot box has been the region's proximity card without lawful authority, a one-time read the card on the card type, card number, report the loss signs, sign into the game, the validity of such data, sent to CPU processing, in accordance with the type of card into the corresponding process, showing card number and state;(7) show the monthly card is valid and the card status (active, expired, report the loss or appearance into state);(8) non-real-time network control panel can operate both the effective operation of all built-in memory, database archiving, and preservation of more than 6000 records. Data can be recorded at any time by the administrator or have permission to access and uninstall leadership.Car park management software 5.4(1) image to identify a two-way comparison function;(2) property management system can read data, automatic generation of cards out of authority;(3) special treatment of special features of vehicles;(4) auto-complete temporary card charges, the effective monthly card release function;(5) set up a variety of billing methods, users choose their own settings;(6) when the graphics card type card reader and card status (active, expired, report the loss, into the state of play, etc.);(7) Vehicular access to the adjustable clock date, report the loss to uninstall blacklist;(8) classification administrator privileges. Support other workstations authorized access to data (events and images);(9) to generate various types of statistical reports and a powerful data retrieval query function;5.5 Management functions(1) can be run off-line can also be networked to run, even if the PC in the network interruption or failure of the normal operation of the event;(2) Vehicular access to the whole logic of self-locking intelligent control system, tightly controlled cardholders into, out of the actions are consistent with the "one card of a car" requirement;(3) command and control the import and export functions of the various settings and dynamic control system;(4) high reliability and adaptability of the digital vehicle detection system, anti-砸车device can ensure that both the approach of reversing the vehicle or vehicles, as long as the gate to stay under par, would not fall under gate with a manually under functional mode;(5) rolling LED electronic display prompts Chinese air show parking spaces so that users and administrators at a glance;(6) with UPS, to ensure that power outages in the system, the system at least more than the normal operation of 1h;(7) Intelligent Controller with RS485 communication interface, enabling the network to run a number of entrances and exits.6. parking plan。

智能停车场管理系统 Intelligent parking system【用心整理精品资料】

Intelligent parking systemEuropean Journal of Operational Research；0377-2217 ; 2006；175volumes; 3 Intelligent parking management system uses advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment，mechanical，and electronic computer-controlled equipment, and intelligent IC card technology combine management can be achieved through the computer management of vehicle access，automatic data storage function，the realization of de machine operation and provide - efficient management of the system.Smart new car park will be living concepts and architecture，information technology, computer electronics technology, such as the perfect combination of modern high—tech to provide a simple, easy-to-use，advanced system of human nature。

It relies on high—tech，people—oriented，graphical man—machine interface operation, providing a more safe, comfortable，convenient, fast and open intelligent，information-based living space, promoting the healthy development of human environment。

智能停车辅助系统的系统配置--外文资料翻译【范本模板】

毕业设计（论文)外文资料翻译院:专业：姓名:学号：外文出处:(用外文写)附件：1。

外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。

附件1:外文资料翻译译文智能停车辅助系统的系统配置智能停车场管理系统采用先进技术和高度自动化的机电设备，将机械、电子计算机和自控设备以及智能IC卡技术有机地结合起来，通过电脑管理可实现车辆出入管理、自动存储数据等功能，实现脱机运行并提供-种高效管理服务的系统。

新型的智能停车场将生活理念和建筑艺术、信息技术、计算机电子技术等现代高科技完美结合,提供的是一种操作简单、使用方便、功能先进的人性化系统.它依靠高科技，以人为本,采用图形人机界面操作方式,提供一种更加安全、舒适、方便、快捷和开放的智能化、信息化生活空间,促进了人文环境的健康发展.本文介绍了目前开发的投资促进机构配置（智能停车辅助系统)。

IPAS允许司机指定目标位置的三个免费方法：基于单眼视觉的停车位置标记识别，基于超声波传感器的停车位置识别,和拖放GUI（图形用户界面)。

IPAS生成最优路径马赫指定的目标位置。

在停车场的运作,并估计自我车辆姿势使用ESP（电子稳定程序）的传感器,如车轮需要银行脚踏开关和传感器,转向角传感器。

IPAS自动控制制动和转向通过发送所需的促动ESP和轨迹通过可以EPS（电动助力转向)。

IPAS通知当前驱动器通过对停车操作后视图的图像轨迹估计,这是通过实验验证了系统的车辆。

关键词智能停车辅助系统，驾驶员辅助系统介绍我们都由六部分组成：自我车辆姿态估计,路径生成器和流浪汉;跟踪，主动制动系统，主动转向系统，和HMI(人机界面）.IPAS既可进行半自动的停车辅助系统，其中的转向操作自动化。

而且自动泊车辅助系统，其中转向和制动操作自动化。

指定目标位置定位的自动/半自动停车操作的目标位置。

我们开发了三个互补的方法：基于单目视觉的停车插槽标记识别,基于超声传感器的平行泊车插槽识别，和拖放的GUI（图形用户界面)。

自我车辆姿态估计实现通过利用各种传感器，包括轮速传感器的车辆姿态估计的阿克曼模型，转向角度传感器，制动踏板开关,和车轮角度传感器。

智慧停车系统翻译英文设计方案 (2)

智慧停车系统翻译英文设计方案Smart Parking System Design Proposal1. IntroductionThe purpose of this design proposal is to outline the key features and functionality of a smart parking system. This system aims to utilize technology to efficiently and effectively manage parking spaces, improve traffic flow, and enhance the overall parking experience for users. The proposed system incorporates various components such as sensors, mobile applications, and data analysis tools to achieve these objectives.2. System ArchitectureThe smart parking system consists of three main components: parking sensors, a central control unit, and a mobile application. The parking sensors are installed at each parking space to detect the presence of a vehicle. These sensors communicate with the central control unit, which processes the data received from the sensors and provides real-time information to the users through the mobile application.3. Parking Space DetectionThe parking sensors are responsible for accurately detecting the presence or absence of vehicles in each parking space. They utilize technologies such as infrared or ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence of a vehicle. These sensors are installed at a suitable height and angle to ensure accurate detection. This information is then relayed to the central control unit for further processing.4. Real-time Parking Availability InformationThe central control unit collects and analyzes the data from the parking sensors to determine the availability of parking spaces. This information is then communicated in real-time to the users through the mobile application. Users can access this information before reaching the parking lot and can easily find available parking spaces, saving time and reducing frustration.5. Navigation and GuidanceThe mobile application provides navigation and guidance features to help users find available parking spaces within the parking lot. Once a user selects a parking space, the application provides turn-by-turn directions to guide them to the designated parkingspace. This feature ensures efficient usage of parking spaces and minimizes the time taken to find a parking spot.6. Reservation SystemTo further enhance the user experience, the smart parking system includes a reservation feature. Users can reserve a parking space in advance through the mobile application. This feature is especially useful in busy areas where parking spaces are limited. Users can reserve a parking space for a specific time slot, ensuring they have a guaranteed spot upon arrival.7. Payment IntegrationThe smart parking system integrates payment options within the mobile application. Users can pay for their parking session using various payment methods such as credit/debit cards or mobile payment platforms. This eliminates the need for physical payment at parking meters and provides a convenient and seamless payment experience for the users.8. Data Analysis and StatisticsThe central control unit collects data from the parking sensors and stores it for further analysis. This data can provide valuable insights into parkingpatterns, occupancy rates, and peak hours. By analyzing this data, parking lot operators can optimize parking space allocation, allocate resources more effectively, and identify areas for improvement. They can also generate reports and statistics to monitor the performance of the parking system over time.9. Security and PrivacyThe smart parking system considers the security and privacy of users' personal information. All data transmission between the sensors, central control unit, and mobile application is encrypted to prevent unauthorized access. User information is securely stored and managed in compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, the system includes surveillance cameras and security measures to ensure the safety of the parking lot and its users.10. ConclusionThe proposed smart parking system aims to revolutionize the traditional parking experience by utilizing technology to provide real-time parking availability information, navigation and guidance, and reservation features. The integration of payment options, data analysis tools, and security measuresenhances the overall efficiency, convenience, and security of the parking system. Implementing this system will greatly improve the parking experience for users and provide valuable insights for parking lot operators.。

自动停车系统英文资料

Advanced Parking Guidance Systema Intelligent Parking Assist System (IPAS), also known as the Advanced Parking Guidance System (APGS) for Lexus models in the United States, is the first production automatic parking system developed by Toyota Motor Corporation in 2004 initially for the Japanese market hybrid P rius models and later Lexus models. The technology assists drivers in parking their vehicle.[1][2] On vehicles equipped with the IPAS, via an in-dash screen and button controls, the car can steer itself into a parking space with little input from the user. The first version of the system was deployed on the Prius Hybrid sold in Japan in 2003.[3] In 2006, an upgraded version debuted for the first time outside Japan on the Lexus LS luxury sedan,[4] which featured the automatic parking technology among other brand new inventions from Toyota. In 2009, the system appeared on the third generation Prius sold in the U.S. I n Asia and Europe, the parking technology is marketed as the Intelligent Park Assist System for both Lexus and Toyota models, while in the U.S. the Advanced Parking Guidance System name is only used for the Lexus system.DevelopmentThe initial version of the I ntelligent Parking Assist System, launched in 2003, was designed for reverse parallel parking.[3] Driver intervention was not required, as the system estimated the size of the parking space and maneuvered the vehicle appropriately. This was done by an onboard computer which used a camera built into the forward and rear of the car. Sensors located at similar locations detected the proximity of nearby vehicles. The dashboard displayed an image of the lot, and the driver would then have to determine the exact position that the vehicle in the lot via the arrows which appeared on the screen. Using the arrows, the us er would set the location of the vehicle in the space. W hen satisfied, the user pressed the "Set" button, which then activated the IPAS. The system then took over steering control to maneuver the vehicle.[5]Early versions of this system had difficulty detecting objects, including cats, baby prams and pedestrians. Secondly when the driver activated the system in a too small a space, the system constantly flashed warning signals to inform the user of the danger of hitting the vehicle. User assistance is required in such situations. In 2005, an upgraded version added recognition capability for parking stripes.[5] A later version of this parking technology, launched in 2006, added integration with parking sensors.[5] This latest version could calculate the steering maneuvers needed for parallel or reverse parking, and help determine that the car has enough clearance for a particular space with colored screen displays which indicated adequate or inadequate space.How it worksTechnologyDemonstration of the parallel parking system on a Toyota Prius.The IPAS/APGS uses computer processors which are tied to the vehicle's (sonar warning system) feature, backup camera, and two additional forward sensors on the front side fenders. The sonar park sensors, known as "Intuitive ParkingAssist" or "Lexus Park Assist", includes multiple sensors on the forward and rear bumpers which detect obstacles, allowing the vehicle to sound warnings and calculate optimum steering angles during regular parking.[5] These sensors plus the two additional parking sensors are tied to a central computer processor, which in turn is integrated with the backup camera system to provide the driver parking information.[6]When the sonar park sensors feature is used, the processor(s) calculate steering angle data which are displayed on the navigation/camera touchscreen along with obstacle information. The Intelligent Parking Assist System expands on this capability and is accessible when the vehicle is shifted to reverse (which automatically activates the backup camera). W hen in reverse, the backup camera screen features parking buttons which can be used to activate automated parking procedures. W hen the Intelligent Parking Assist System is activated, the central processor calculates the optimum parallel or reverse park steering angles and then interfaces with the Electric Power Steering systems of the vehicle to guide the car into the parking spot.[6]FunctionsNewer versions of the system allow parallel or reverse parking.[7] W hen parallel parking with the system, drivers first pull up alongside the parking space. They move forward until the vehicle's rear bumper passes the rear wheel of the car parked in front of the open space. Then, shifting to reverse automatically activates the backup camera system, and the car's rear view appears on dash navigation/camera display.[7] The driver's selection of the parallel park guidance button on the navigation/camera touchscreen causes a grid to appear (with green or red lines, a flag symbol representing the corner of the parking spot, and adjustment arrows).[8]Demonstration of the automatic parking system on a Lexus LS.The driver is responsible for checking to see if the representative box on the screen correctly identifies the parking space; if the space is large enough to park, the box will be green in color; if the box is incorrectly placed, or lined in red, using the arrow buttons moves the box until it turns green.[8] Once the parking space is correctly identified, the driver presses OK and take his/her hands off the steering wheel, while keeping the foot on the brake pedal. W hen the driver slowly releases the brake, while keeping the foot on the brake pedal, the car will then begin to back up and steer itself into the parking space.[7]The revers e parking procedure is virtually identical to the parallel parking procedure.[7] The driver approaches the parking space, moving forward and turning, positioning the car in place for backing into the reverse parking spot. The vehicle rear has to be facing the reverse parking spot, allowing the backup camera to 's ee' the parking area. Shifting to reverse automatically activates the backup camera system, and the driver selects the reverse park guidance button on the navigation/camera touchs creen (the grid appears with green or red lines, aflag s ymbol representing the corner of the parking spot, and adjustment arrows; revers e parking adds rotation s election).[7] After checking the parking space and engaging the reverse park procedure, the same exact parking process occurs as the car reverse parks into the spot.The system is set up so that at any time the steering wheel is touched or the brake firmly pressed, the automatic parking will disengage.[7] T he vehicle also cannot exceed a set speed, or the system will deactivate.[7] W hen the car's computer voice issues the statement "The guidance is finished", the system has finished parking the car. The driver can then shift to drive and make adjustments in the space if necessary.。

停车管理系统英文文献

Spot and Park:Parking management systemTandeep SidhuComputer Science Dept.Univ.of Maryland,College Parktsidhu@ABSTRACTWhen visiting a new place for theﬁrst time or going to an event one must often deal withﬁnding a car parking space. This can be a challenging and frustrating task for number of reasons.In most cases,location of parking spots is not known before hand.Even if it is known,the parking location is not ideally suited(might not be the closest or cheapest). Furthermore,if one is visiting a location for some event,one must try toﬁnd a parking space amongst the limited park-ing spaces that are available at events attended by large group of people.Parking spaces can also have restrictions attached to them.Some parking lots are available only dur-ing certain hours of the day or they may only allow parking by people with permits.To help navigate through all these issues,we present an application that provides relevant and context sensitive information to visitors who need to look up parking.This information is available in real time thus providing user the necessary information to make informed decisions.1.INTRODUCTIONAccording to the last count,there are over45billion user generated documents on the Internet[5].These documents have been a tremendous source of information and are used by billions of people daily to answer all sorts of questions. With the advent of mobile phones in recent years,people look to access the same information that is available on the Internet from their mobile phones.The diﬀerence between information retrieval tasks before mobile phones and after mobile phones is that since the mobile phones,people tend to access lot more information while they are on the go (walking,driving,traveling,ﬂying,etc).This leads to lot of information retrieval tasks that are location speciﬁc.For example,while driving,I might need to look up the nearest gas station or the nearest place to eat.In general,location speciﬁc information is available on the Internet these days.For example,on Google Maps(a popu-lar maps application)[6]we can do location speciﬁc searches andﬁnd addresses,restaurants,gas stations,and many other things,all relative to the user’s current location. Unfortunately,the location speciﬁc information is only avail-able for major or popular entities like gas stations,restau-rants,addresses,rmation for things like parking is not available or is only sparsely available.For example,if we look up parking information for the University of Mary-land,College Park(UMD)campus on Google Maps,we just see the location of the main parking lots on the campus(see Figure1).No detailed information is available on any of the parking lots.We do not know the timings the parking lots are available or whether there are any restrictions in parking in the lots.If we search for the parking for UMD again on another maps application,Bing Maps[7],we do not even see any of the parking lots shown by Google Maps (see Figure2).In lot of situations,traﬃc and parking in-formation is available through speciﬁc website(in this case UMD’s own transportation website[8]).The transportation site does provide a detailed map of the campus with all the parking lots highlighted.The only problem with the parking information through this site is that such information is not geo-tagged so as a user one cannot get driving directions to it.The issue of sparsely available parking data at UMD is just one example.We found similar lack of data on other types of locations.The only places that tend to have detailed parking information are major hubs like airports,bus stations,train stations,etc.In such locations,not only location and avail-ability of parking lots is available but in some locations one also get to see real-time availability of parking spots.For example,at parking garages next to the Baltimore Wash-ington International airport(BWI)in Baltimore,Maryland, USA,one can exactly see the number of open parking spots on an electronic display board.At BWI,such information is not available online but at other airports it is available(for example,at the Minneapolist International Airport[9]).In order to address the issue of sparsely available parking in-formation,we propose a system called Spot and Park.This system will allow an organization like UMD to easily create and share their parking information with their users/visitors by making the information available online.The users then could easily access the information via their computers or mobile devices.The information will also be available in real-time thus allowing the users to make informed decisions quickly.Figure 1:Search results for parking at UMD in GoogleMapsFigure 2:Search results for parking at UMD in Bing MapsSpot and Park has been architected to work in variety of environments but we demonstrate its capabilities by apply-ing it to the University of Maryland,College Park campus.The UMD campus is a community of about 50,000students,faculty,and staﬀwho come in to campus every day to study,teach,and work.In addition to that,there are lot of visi-tors who come in to campus everyday for meetings,sports,and other cultural or social events.Spot and Park has beenFigure 3:Architecture of Spot and Parkdesigned to address the parking needs of all these ing this application,parking administrators can easily as-sociate parking lots with an event going on campus.Then when a visitor needs to lookup parking for an event,they can see all the parking lots associated with the event.The application is smart enough to show the parking lots sorted in distance (closest ﬁrst)so that the user sees the most ap-propriate parking lot on top of the list.Event visitors can also get driving directions to any of the parking lots and they can also see real-time parking availability.The organization of this paper is as follows.In the next section,we discuss work that is closely related to Spot and Park.In the following sections,we present the design and architecture of Spot and Park.2.RELATED WORKThere are number of applications and solutions that are try-ing to provide parking data to users.In addition to sites like Google Maps and Bing Maps,there are other websites like Parkopedia[1],ParkingSpotter[3],and Primo Spot[2].All these sites are speciﬁcally designed to help the user ﬁnd parking at any location in US.They all feature mobile apps that users can use while on the go to lookup nearest parking.Unfortunately,all these services suﬀer from lack of data.For example,search for parking in the College Park,MD area shows no close available parking in any of the 3websites (which is not true).The closest available parking is at a train station 3miles away.This global approach of provid-ing information for every town in this case is not working.A more targeted solution needs to be used like Spot and Park where individual cities or organizations can publish their parking data easily and share with their users.There have also been eﬀorts in providing real-time parking availability information to users.City of San Francisco is in the process of testing a technology called SFPark[4]which they have applied to their 28,800parking meters and 12,250parking spaces in garages that provides real-time parking in-formation.The technology uses sensors in each parking spot to ﬁgure out if the parking spot is available or ers can use a mobile app to access this parking information and to also pay for their parking.The SFPark technology is de-signed to increase (or decrease)the cost of parking based ondemand.In areas or during times of high demand,parking fees is higher compared to areas of less demand.This sort of technology seems as the ideal solution to solve the park-ing availability issues but its high cost of deployment (each parking meter needs to have a sensor),makes it less prac-tical.Spot and Park doesn’t completely replace the need of parking sensors to collect real-time parking availability information.Instead,we provide an architecture in which real-time information from automated sensors,attendants at each parking lot,or by some other means could be easily fed into Spot and Park.3.SYSTEM ARCHITECTURESpot and Park software architecture consists of 3compo-nents:a user facing mobile optimized website,an admin facing website,and a MySQL database (see Figure 3).We go over these 3components in detail now.3.1The mobile optimized websiteThe mobile optimized website is the main user facing inter-face of Spot And Park.Its purpose is to help students/staﬀand visitors ﬁnd parking at UMD campus.The application is also capable of providing driving directions to any of the parking lots.The application is designed using Web tech-nologies (JSP,HTML,Javascript,JQuery)which has the beneﬁt of making the application cross-platform so that it can be accessed on any mobile phone with a modern browser (that supports HTML5).The mobile website is designed keeping in mind the mobile nature of mobile phones.Since these devices might operate in area with slow wireless networks,the mobile website has been designed to use minimum bandwidth to load and op-erate the website.Note that since this application is only available over the web,it always requires an active internet connection to operate.In the future,we will look to add certain oﬄine capabilities that will allow the user to operate certain features of the application when there is no internet connection available.We will go over the actual user interface design of the mobile website later in this paper.3.2Admin websiteThe admin website serves as a tool that parking admin-istrators will use to manage the events that happen on the UMD ing this application,they could create new events,attach available parking lots to a given event,man-age the amount of available parking for an event,and control the availability of parking lots.Thus,this application serves as the main control module for managing all available park-ing on UMD campus.The data that parking administrators enter through this application will be saved in a MySQL database(discussed below)from where it will be access by the mobile website used by the students/staﬀand visitors. This admin interface is designed using PHP/HTML.We will go over the actual user interface design of the admin website later in this paper.3.3MySQL databaseThe MySQL database is used to house all the parking,event, building,and parking availability information.Some of this information will be static information like parking lot infor-mation(name,location,geo-coordinates,description)which has to be entered on-time manually into the database.There will also be lot of dynamic information like calendar of events which will be entered through the admin interface.In the database,we will also track the number of open spots for each parking lot.This data can be entered through the mobile website(admin only function)but because of the open nature of the database,could also be fed through other sources.For example,if we have a source that feeds us real-time availability of a parking spot(perhaps through sensors embedded on each parking spot),we can feed that informa-tion directly to this database.Once that information is in the database,it can be easily used by the mobile interface to show all users availability of parking lots.ER INTERFACE4.1Mobile WebsiteThe user interface of the mobile website is designed from the perspective of3types of users:student/staﬀwho go to UMD,visitors who frequently have to come to campus for meetings and events,and administrators who need to manage the parking lots and events(see Figure4).When a user loads the mobile website for theﬁrst time,they will be asked to specify what type of user they are.Based on their selection,they would be shown the appropriate func-tions.Note that once a user has speciﬁed their role in the system(either student,visitor,or admin),they do not have to specify the role again.So,next time the user loads this application,they will be automatically assigned their previ-ous role.We also provide the feature of allowing the user to change their role if needed.The whole application is built using mobile optimized inter-face which easily scales the size of the interface to match the screen dimensions of the mobile browser.It uses easy navigation ers can click on a link in any page and that page will be rendered using Web2.0style page ers can also navigate back to their previous page by pressing the back button in the application or the back button in their browser.They also have the option to press the home button to go back to the homescreen.Figure4:Spot and Park home screenNext we go over the interface design from the perspective of each user type.4.1.1Student/StaffStudents and staﬀtypically have assigned parking area on campus.They come regularly to campus so they are aware of the roads and the general structure and location of the park-ing lots.They regularly attend events on-campus and some-times these events are not close to their designated parking areas so they also have toﬁnd nearest parking.Because cer-tain events on campus(like football or basketball game)tend to take over parking lots allotted to people,students/staﬀare often asked to move their car before an event starts.So, this set of users could beneﬁt from being notiﬁed if there is an event happening on campus that would aﬀect their park-ing situation on a certain day.We have added this feature in the interface and is discussed below indetail.Figure5:Student/Staﬀhome screenThe mobile website for students/staﬀprovides3main func-tions:1.Parking for events:This shows events that are up-coming(see Figure6).The events are ordered in chronological order and separated by er can click on an event which will show the parking that is available for that event(see Figure7).The list of parking lots is ordered by distance from the event so closest parking is shownﬁrst.If the parking lot has some restrictions or is a paid parking lot that infor-mation is also shown.The availability of the parking lots is also shown including the number of available parking spots for each of the lots.The row displaying each parking lot is also color coded(green=available, red=unavailable)so that the user can easily spot the parking lots that areavailable.Figure6:List of eventsUsers can look at the list of parking lots to decide which is most appropriate for them or they can look at the parking lots in a map by clicking the View on Map button.In either of the views(list or map),a user can click on a parking lot,get more information about it,or get driving directions to the parking lot from their current location or some other address(see Figure8).2.Campus map:The campus map function will showthe location of all parking lots on campus.The parking lots can be viewed in a list or on a map.Same as the Parking for events feature,user can click on any of the parking lots to get more information about it or to get driving directions to it(see Figure9).3.Signup for notiﬁcations:As previously mentioned,this feature allows a student/staﬀto signup fornotiﬁ-Figure7:Parking locations for aneventFigure8:Driving directions to a parking lot cations of any upcoming disruptions to their parking assignments(see Figure10).Users need to specify their parking lot assignment and their email address. If in the future,there are any disruptions,we would email the user with the details of the event includ-Figure9:All parking lots shown on a maping instructions on what to do for alternative park-ing.Note,that this targeted notiﬁcation is better than blasting the entire campus community with an email regarding an event that might not aﬀect everyone oncampus.Figure10:Allows a user to signup for notiﬁcations 4.1.2VisitorIn most cases,visitors have similar needs as student/staﬀ. They need to be able toﬁnd parking for events that they might come to campus for.Visitors might come to campus for also other reasons like attend meetings.In these situa-tions,they are not coming in for some large event but are coming in to meet someone in a certain building.So,they just need to know where they canﬁnd closest parking for their meeting.So,we provide them the functionality that helps themﬁnd that information.The mobile interface for visitor provides2main functions (see Figure11):1.Parking for events and campus map:This worksexactly the same way as it does for student/staﬀ(ex-plained above).2.Parking for buildings:This allows a user to select abuilding on campus and then look at the closest avail-able er can view the parking lots on a map or in a list er can also get to see if a parking lot has fees attached to it and the hours of operation.They can also look up driving directions to any of the available parkinglots.Figure11:Visitor home screen4.1.3AdminThe main function parking administrators will need access to is the ability to manage the parking lots when an event is going on.They need to be able to look at the parking for any of the events,specify how many open spots are in each park-ing lot,and to mark each parking lot as full(thus making it unavailable for all users).We provide all this functionality through the mobile interface so that the parking adminis-trators can easily mange the lots while they are in theﬁeld (see Figure12).4.2Admin websiteAs previously mentioned,the admin website is used by the parking administrators to manage the events and parking. Administrators can create new events,associate parking lots with an event,change the availability of a parking lot,and do other administrative tasks through this interface(see Figure 13).5.FUTURE WORKCurrently,to provide the real-time parking spot availability, in this application we rely on the parking administrators to manually update the parking availability.As previously mentioned,if the parking availability data is provided from some other automated systems(like parking sensors in the parking spots),then we can integrate that data with ourFigure 13:AdminwebsiteFigure 12:Management of a parking lot application.Furthermore,there is also the possibility of involving the students and visitors in collecting the real time data.For example,if I go to a parking lot,and I notice that there is no availability,I could update that in Spot and Park.And this will be useful to anyone who uses the Spot and Park after I ing data collected from users will help build our information database much more quickly but we must watch out for the reliability of this data as it is not being collected from trusted sources.Currently,in this application,the location of parking lots and buildings is ﬁxed and is manually fed into the database.In future,we need to add more functionality to the mobile website (or the admin website)so that the building and lot information can be easily entered into the system.Since specifying buildings and parking lots also requires specify-ing geo-coordinates for these entities,this data collection is especially suited to be built in the mobile website where an administrator could use the GPS on a mobile device to ﬁnd out the geo-coordinates of a building or a parking lot.We have demonstrated the use of Spot and Park in a uni-versity environment.We should test it out in other envi-ronments as well which would help us make it a much more robust system.6.CONCLUSIONSIn this paper we have described an application called Spot and Park that aims to solve the problem of ﬁnding parking.This application with its ﬂexible architecture and easy to use interface will provide transportation or parking admin-istrators easy tools to deploy a parking management system in their organization.This application also has an easy to use mobile interface that will help guide visitors in ﬁnding parking for their destination.7.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI would like to thank Dr.Ashok Agrawala for his continuous guidance on this project.8.REFERENCES[1]Parkopedia /.[2]Primospot /.[3]Parking Spotter /.[4]SFPark /.[5]Documents on the web/yahoo-boasts-size-of-its-search-engine-index/2036/.[6]Google Maps /.[7]Bing Maps /maps/.[8]Univ.of Maryland,College Park Transportationwebsite/maps.html [9]Minneapolis International Airport http://www.mspairport.com/parking/surepark.aspx。

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外文翻译
地点和停车场:停车管理系统
摘要：当第一次参观一个新地方或一个事件时必须经常要去处理汽车的停
车问题。

说这是一个具有挑战性和令人沮丧的任务是有原因的。

在大多数情况下,停车位的地点不是已知的。

即使众所周知,停车位置不适合(可能不是最近的或最便宜)。

此外,如果一个是访问一个位置对一些事件必须努力去寻找停车位当参加
活动时在有限的可用空间内公园荷兰国际集团。

停车位与它们之间也是有限制
的。

一些停车场在一天内只提供特定时段或者他们可能只允许停车通过许可的人
停车。

我们现在通过观看游客停车状况得到相关的应用程序上下文敏感信息来帮
助解决导航问题。

分析实时可用提供用户必要的信息以做出明智的决策。

1.简介
根据最新统计,在互联网上有超过450亿用户生成的文件[5]。

这些文件已经是一个巨大的信息来源和数十亿用户每天要回答各种各样的问题。

近年来随着手机的出现，人们可在手机网络中访问相同的信息。

之前手机和之后手机之间的信
息检索任务不同是因为手机的原因,移动电话,人们往往想要获取更多的信息(步行,开车,旅游,应等等)。

这导致很多特定信息检索任务的位置。

在开车时,我可能需要查找最近的加油站或最近的地方吃饭。

一般来说,位置的具体信息可在这些天的互联网上查询。

例如,在谷歌地图上(一种流行的—LAR地图应用程序)[6]我们可以做特定的搜索位置和地址，餐馆，加油站，以及许多其他的东西，相对于用户的当前位置。

不幸的是，位置特定的信息仅用于能为专业或流行的实体如加油站，餐馆，
地址等信息，如停车场不可用或是人烟稀少。

例如，如果我们把停车信息为玛丽大学，学院公园（UMD格式）对谷歌地图的校园，我们只是看到主要的停车场在
校园的位置（见图1）。

在任何停车场没有详细的信息。

我们不知道计时停车有
许多可用的或在很多停车场是否有任何限制。

如果我们寻找停车的UMD格式再在另一个地图应用，必应地图[ 7 ]，我们做的甚至没有看到任何表明谷歌地图的
停车场（见图2）。

在很多情况下，交通和停车可通过特定的网站（在这种情况
下UMD格式的交通网站[ 8 ]）。

交通运输网站也提供了详细的地图和所有的校
园停车场了。

在停车场唯一的问题是这些信息并不是通过本网站标记，用户无法驾驶方向。

可用的停车数据稀疏的问题只是UMD格式一个例子。

我们发现了类似的其他类型的数据的缺乏的位置。

唯一的地方往往有详细的停车信息等主要枢纽机场、
车站,火车站等。

在这些地方,不仅位置和效果停车场是可用的,但在某些地方的能力还可以看到实时可用的停车位。

例如,在车库旁边的巴尔的摩洗-马里兰州巴尔的摩华盛顿国际机场机场(BWI),美国,一个人完全可以在一个电子显示板看到
1。