国际贸易流程英文
《国际贸易务(双语)》三习题库
《国际贸易实务（双语）》三习题库第一章国际贸易简介Chapter 1 A Brief Introduction to International Trade预习题1. What is international trade?2. Why do nations trade?练习题3. What are the differences between international trade and domestic trade?4. P17-20 专业术语、课后练习复习题5. What are the characteristics of international trade？6. What are the forms of international trade？7. Useful certificates for your future job-hunting.第二章进出口交易的一般程序General Procedure of International Trade一、国际贸易的基本流程Basic procedure of international trade预习题：1. Suppose you are an exporter, what will you do before you enter into a business with a trade partner?2.我国某出口公司与香港C公司签订了一笔总值25万美元销售猪肉的合同,FOB青岛,目的港韩国釜山,付款方式为D/A远期120天办理托收。
该出口公司按规定的装运期限装运货物后,通过中国银行办理托收手续。
中国银行委托香港南洋商业银行为代收行向香港C公司收款。
单据到香港后,C公司即承兑赎单,又以原提单向韩国收货人收取了货款。
香港南洋商业银行在汇票到期时向C公司催促付款,但此时该公司已宣告破产。
经查核C公司在当地注册资本仅15万港元,其财产远远不够抵偿该公司的欠款。
外贸出口货物流程及常用英文
外贸出口货物流程出口货物流程主要包括：报价、订货、付款方式、备货、包装、通关手续、装船、运输保险、提单、结汇。
一、报价在国际贸易中一般是由产品的询价、报价作为贸易的开始。
其中，对于出口产品的报价主要包括：产品的质量等级、产品的规格型号、产品是否有特殊包装要求、所购产品量的多少、交货期的要求、产品的运输方式、产品的材质等内容。
比较常用的报价有：FOB"船上交货"、CNF"成本加运费"、CIF"成本、保险费加运费"等形式。
二、订货（签约）贸易双方就报价达成意向后，买方企业正式订货并就一些相关事项与卖方企业进行协商，双方协商认可后，需要签订《购货合同》。
在签订《购货合同》过程中，主要对商品名称、规格型号、数量、价格、包装、产地、装运期、付款条件、结算方式、索赔、仲裁等内容进行商谈，并将商谈后达成的协议写入《购货合同》。
这标志着出口业务的正式开始。
通常情况下，签订购货合同一式两份由双方盖本公司公章生效，双方各保存一份。
三、付款方式比较常用的国际付款方式有三种，即信用证付款方式、TT付款方式和直接付款方式。
1、信用证付款方式信用证分为光票信用证和跟单信用证两类。
跟单信用证是指附有指定单据的信用证，不附任何单据的信用证称光票信用证。
简单地说，信用证是保证出口商收回货款的保证文件。
请注意，出口货物的装运期限应在信用证的有效期限内进行，信用证交单期限必须不迟于信用证的有效日期内提交。
国际贸易中以信用证为付款方式的居多，信用证的开证日期应当明确、清楚、完整。
中国的几家国有商业银行，如中国银行、中国建设银行、中国农业银行、中国工商银行等，都能够对外开立信用证（这几家主要银行的开证手续费都是开证金额的1.5‰）。
2、TT付款方式TT付款方式是以外汇现金方式结算，由您的客户将款项汇至贵公司指定的外汇银行账号内，可以要求货到后一定期限内汇款。
3、直接付款方式是指买卖双方直接交货付款。
国际贸易缩略语 中英文对照
国际贸易缩略语中英文对照国际贸易缩略语中英文对照1. 国际贸易常用简称1.1 FOB：Free on Board（货物已装船船上交付）1.2 CIF：Cost, Insurance and Freight（成本，保险费和运费）1.3 EXW：Ex Works（离岸价）1.4 C&F：Cost and Freight（成本和运费）1.5 DAP：Delivered at Place（交货地点）1.6 L/C：Letter of Credit（信用证）1.7 T/T：Telegraphic Transfer（电汇）1.8 WTO：World Trade Organization（世界贸易组织）1.9 GATT：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税和贸易总协定）1.10 NAFTA：North American Free Trade Agreement（北美自由贸易协定）2. 运输相关简称2.1 ETA：Estimated Time of Arrival（预计到达时间）2.2 ETD：Estimated Time of Departure（预计离港时间）2.3 B/L：Bill of Lading（提单）2.4 D/O：Delivery Order（交货单）2.5 C/O：Certificate of Origin（原产地证明）2.6 HBL：House Bill of Lading（分提单）2.7 MBL：Master Bill of Lading（总提单）2.8 TEU：Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit（20英尺柜）2.9 FEU：Forty-foot Equivalent Unit（40英尺柜）2.10 CY：Contner Yard（货柜场）3. 支付和结算相关简称3.1 T/T：Telegraphic Transfer（电汇）3.2 L/C：Letter of Credit（信用证）3.3 CAD：Cash Agnst Documents（单据付款）3.4 D/P：Documents Agnst Payment（付款交单）3.5 D/A：Documents Agnst Acceptance（承兑交单）3.6 RMB：Renminbi（人民币）3.7 USD：United States Dollar（美元）3.8 EUR：Euro（欧元）3.9 GBP：Great British Pound（英镑）3.10 JPY：Japanese Yen（日元）4. 海关和报关相关简称4.1 HS Code：Harmonized System Code（海关商品编码）4.2 CCIC：China Certification & Inspection Group（中国检验认证集团）4.3 AQSIQ：General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine（国家质检总局）4.4 COO：Certificate of Origin（原产地证明）4.5 CIQ：China Inspection and Quarantine（中国检验检疫局）4.6 PSC：Port State Control（港口国监督检查）5. 质检和贸易术语简称5.1 QC：Quality Control（质量控制）5.2 QA：Quality Assurance（质量保证）5.3 MOQ：Minimum Order Quantity（最低起订量）5.4 OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer（原始设备制造商）5.5 ODM：Original Design Manufacturer（原始设计制造商）5.6 FOB：Free on Board（离岸价）5.7 R&D：Research and Development（研究与开发）5.8 AQL：Acceptable Quality Level（可接受质量水平）5.9 SKU：Stock Keeping Unit（库存量单位）5.10 CRM：Customer Relationship Management（客户关系管理）附件：请参考附件A，附件B，附件C等。
外贸出口货物流程及常用英文
外贸出口货物流程出口货物流程主要包括：报价、订货、付款方式、备货、包装、通关手续、装船、运输保险、提单、结汇。
一、报价在国际贸易中一般是由产品的询价、报价作为贸易的开始。
其中，对于出口产品的报价主要包括：产品的质量等级、产品的规格型号、产品是否有特殊包装要求、所购产品量的多少、交货期的要求、产品的运输方式、产品的材质等内容。
比较常用的报价有：FOB"船上交货"、CNF"成本加运费"、CIF"成本、保险费加运费"等形式。
二、订货（签约）贸易双方就报价达成意向后，买方企业正式订货并就一些相关事项与卖方企业进行协商，双方协商认可后，需要签订《购货合同》。
在签订《购货合同》过程中，主要对商品名称、规格型号、数量、价格、包装、产地、装运期、付款条件、结算方式、索赔、仲裁等内容进行商谈，并将商谈后达成的协议写入《购货合同》。
这标志着出口业务的正式开始。
通常情况下，签订购货合同一式两份由双方盖本公司公章生效，双方各保存一份。
三、付款方式比较常用的国际付款方式有三种，即信用证付款方式、TT 付款方式和直接付款方式。
1、信用证付款方式信用证分为光票信用证和跟单信用证两类。
跟单信用证是指附有指定单据的信用证，不附任何单据的信用证称光票信用证。
简单地说，信用证是保证出口商收回货款的保证文件。
请注意，出口货物的装运期限应在信用证的有效期限内进行，信用证交单期限必须不迟于信用证的有效日期内提交。
国际贸易中以信用证为付款方式的居多，信用证的开证日期应当明确、清楚、完整。
中国的几家国有商业银行，如中国银行、中国建设银行、中国农业银行、中国工商银行等，都能够对外开立信用证（这几家主要银行的开证手续费都是开证金额的1.5%。
）。
2、TT 付款方式TT 付款方式是以外汇现金方式结算，由您的客户将款项汇至贵公司指定的外汇银行账号内，可以要求货到后一定期限内汇款。
3、直接付款方式是指买卖双方直接交货付款。
国际贸易术语
办理运输、保险、出口领证、 出口海关通关、出口关税手续 付运费、保险费、出口领证费、 出口海关通关费、出口关税
办理进口领证、进口海关通关、 进口关税 付进口领证费、进口海关通关 费、进口关税
卖方交货地点：在卖方所在国装运港船上交货，以越过船舷为界
贸易术语 FAS
名称 船边交货
卖方(风险小) 买方(风险大)
办理运输、出口领证、出口海 关通关、出口关税手续
办理保险、进口领证、进口海 关通关、进口关税
付运费、出口领证费、出口海 关通关费、出口关税
付保险费、进口领证费、进口 海关通关费、进口关税
卖方交货地点：在卖方所在国装运港船上交货，以越过船舷为界
四、CIF术语
英文：Cost Insurance and Freight(insert named port of destination) 中文：成本加保险费、运费（插入指定目的地）
交货地点：在卖方所在国某地（港口、车站、机场）
四、CIP术语
英文：Carriage and Insurance Paid to (insert named place of destination)
中文：运费保险付至（插入指定目的地）
卖方
办理运输、保险、出口领证、出口 海关通关、出口关税手续
卖方 买方
办理出口领证、出口海关通关、 出口关税手续 付出口领证费、出口海关通关 费、出口关税
办理运输、保险、进口领证、 进口海关通关、进口关税 付运费、保险费、进口领证费、 进口海关通关费、进口关税
卖方交货地点：在卖方所在国装运港船上交货，以越过船舷为界
三、CFR术语
英文：Cost and Freight(insert named port of destination) 中文：成本加运费（插入指定目的地） 成本+费用（指定目的港）
国际贸易英文缩写常用语
国际贸易英文缩写常用语国际贸易英文缩写常用语CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价 D/P(document against payment)付款交单 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 G.W.(gross weight)毛重C/D (customs declaration)报关单 W (with)具有FAC(facsimile)传真EXP(export)出口MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度 M/V(merchant vessel)商船MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨INT(international)国际的INV (invoice)发票REF (reference)参考、查价STL.(style)式样、款式、类型RMB(renminbi)人民币PR或PRC(price) 价格S/C(sales contract)销售确认书 B/L (bill of lading)提单CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打WT(weight)重量N.W.(net weight)净重EA(each)每个，各w/o(without)没有IMP(import)进口卧冰求鲤缩写 贸易频道助你今年发大财MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的 M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的S.S(steamship)船运DOC (document)文件、单据P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表PCT (percent)百分比EMS (express mail special)特快传递T或LTX或TX(telex)电传S/M (shipping marks)装船标记PUR (purchase)购买、购货L/C (letter of credit)信用证交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S) 装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery 定程租船voyage 定期租船time charter 贸易英语缩写 charter; 装运期限time of shipment 助你发展商机托运人(一般指出口商)shipper,consignor 世界贸易组织的缩写助你发展商机收货人consignee 贸易法规缩写班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter 舱位shipping space 油轮tanker 佛山二手()报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt 国际贸易英文缩写要卖东西,当然选择佛山同城网提货to take delivery of goods 国际组织缩写空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges 世界贸易组织的缩写选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers\'account 国际的英文缩写佛山同城交易()一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment 贸易英语缩写佛山二手() 一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st. 国际的英文缩写一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment 贸易法规缩写 在......(时间)分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots 国际贸易英文缩写广州同城交易()在......(时间)平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots 贸易英语缩写分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments贸易法规缩写 进注,轻松让你寻找客户分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments 国际贸易英文缩写要卖东西,当然选择佛山同城网立即装运 immediate shipments贸易英语缩写助你发展商机即期装运 prompt shipments 贸易英语缩写收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt ofL/C 国际的英文缩写 允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment notunacceptable国际的英文缩写本文来源佛山同城交易网AAA制自动许可制AAC 亚非会议A.A.R 保综合险(一切险) ABCコ,ド ABC商业密码 ac. 英亩a/c(或A/C) 银行往来存款 acpt 承兑;接受a/cs pay. 应付帐款 a/cs rec. 应收帐款 ACU 亚洲清算同盟 A/D 出票后ADB 亚洲开发银行 a.f. 预付运费AFA 自动外汇分配制度 AFDB 非洲开发银行 A.F.E.B. 核准的外汇银行 agcy 代理公司agt. 代理人AIQ制自动进口配额制 A.M. 互相保险A.N. 到货通知A/P 委托付款证A/P 委托购买证A/P 附加保险费A/P 付讫APO 亚洲生产率组织 APU 亚洲支付同盟 A/R 综合险,一切险 A/S 销货帐单A/S 见票后A/S 见票即付ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟 ASP 美国销售价格 ATAカルネ暂时许可簿册,临时过境证A.T.L. 实际全损A/V 从价A/W 实际重量A.W.B. 空运单国际组织缩写BB/Aレ,ト银行承兑利率 B/B 买入汇票B/C 托收汇票B/D 银行贴现B/D 银行汇票B/E 入港申报单B/E 汇票BETRO 英国出口贸易研究组织BIS 国际清算银行 B/G 保税货物B/L 提单B/N 钞票B/N 交货记录B.O. 分公司B.P. 应付票据B.R. 应收票据B/S 再进口免税证 B/St 即票BTN 布鲁塞尔税则分类 B.T.T. 银行电汇CC.A.D. 凭单付款C.B.D. 交货前付款 C.B.S. 装船前预付货款 C/C 商会C.C. 时价CCC 关税合作理事会 CCCN 关税合作理事会税则分类表C.F.S. 集装箱货运站 C.H. 货舱C.H. 票据交换所C.H. 海关Chq. 支票C.I. 领事签证发票 C/I 保险证书CIF関税込条件成本,保险费,运费加关税条件CIF条件成本,保险加运费条件CIF通関费用込条件成本,保险费,运费和一切进口费用条件世界贸易组织的缩写 CIF,C条件成本,保险费,运费加佣金条件CIFに関する国际统一规则 CIF买卖契约统一规则C.L.货物「コ」 (集装箱)整箱货CLP 装箱单C/N 发货通知单C/N 贷记通知书C/O 转交C/O 产地证明书C.O.D. 交货付款 C.O.F.C. 平板车装运集装箱COGSA 海洋货物运输法 cont. 合同c.o.s. 装船时付款 C/P 租船合同C.Q.D. 习惯快速装卸 C.T. 载货吨位C.t.l. 推定全损 C.W.O. 订货付款DD/A 承兑交单D/C 绕航条款D/C 贴现,折扣D/D 码头交货D/D 即期汇票,跟单汇票 D/F 空舱运费D/M 速遣费D/N 借记通知D/O 交货单,出货单 D/P 付款交单D.P.V. 完税价格 D.R. 码头收据d.t. 交货时间DW 载重量D/W 码头栈单D.W.T. 载重吨位 DWTC 载货吨EECAFE(UN) 亚洲及远东经济委员会 ECE 欧洲经济委员会国际组织缩写佛山同城交易()ECM 欧洲共同市场E/D 出口申报单EEC 欧洲经济共同体EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟E/L 出口许可证EMA 欧洲货币协定EPU 欧洲支付同盟ESCAP(UN) 亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会 ETA 预计到达时间TTD 预计离港时间ETE 预计开航时间exch. 兑换,汇兑;交易所exd 已查,已检验作者: 夜半一点钟 2006-2-9 02:38 回复此发言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 国际贸易术语英文缩写FFA 外汇配额制度F.A 货物运送代理行f.a.a. 一切海损不赔F.A.K.「コ」同一费率F.A.Q. 良好平均质量,大路货 F.A.S. 启运地船边交大货价 F.B. 运费单F.B.E. 外国汇票FC,S约款「保」捕获拘留除外条款 FCL 整箱货FCL 整装集装箱f/d 自由港FEFC 远东水脚公会f.f.a 船边交货f.g.a 共同海损不赔F/L 运价表国际贸易英文缩写佛山二手()F.M. 不可抗力f.q. 实盘FOB 船上交货价FOR 火车上交货价FOT 卡车上交货价F.P.A. 单独海损不赔 frt.pd. 运费已付frt.ppd. 运费预付F.W.D. 淡水损失fy.pd. 付讫GG.A 共同海损g.b.q. 故障货物G.M.Q. 上好可销品质 G.N.P. 国民生产总值 Gr.R.T. 注册总吨grs.wt. 毛重GT 总吨位G.T.C. 撤销前有效G.T.M. 本月中有效G.T.W. 本周中有效HHKD 港币H.O. 总公司Hr 港口II.B.R.D. 联合国国际复兴开发银行I.C.C. 国际商会ICHCA 国际货物装卸协调联合会 I/D 进口申报单IFC 国际金融公司I/L 进口许可IMF 国际货币基金组织 IMF借款国际货币基金信贷 IMF引出権国际货币基金组织提款权INCOTERMS 国际贸易条件解释通则INTRADE 国际贸易发展协会 I.O.P. 不论损失率如何全部赔偿卧冰求鲤缩写IQ制进口配额制 I/R 汇入汇款ITC 国际贸易中心 ITC 国际贸易宪章 ITO 国际贸易组织 IUMI 国际海上保险联盟LL/A 卸货代理行 L/A 授权书LASH 载驳船L/C 信用证L/G 保证书L/H 质押证书L/I 赔偿保证书 Lkg 漏损LT 书信电报l.t.,L/T 长吨,英吨 LWL 载重线Mmarg. 保证金m/d 出票日后……个月(付款)MEA 制造厂商外销代理人M/F 舱单,载货单 MFN 最惠国M.I 海上保险min. 最低限度M.I.P. 海上保险单 mk 包装标志M/Lクロ,ズ溢短装条款M/O 汇款单M/R 大副收据M.T. 信汇M/T 公吨Nn/a 拒绝承兑,不接受 N/C 新租船契约N.C.V. 无商业价值 N/F (银行)无存款 N.G. 纯收益N.L. 纯损,净损失 N/M 无装运标志N.N. (票据)无签名 N/R 备装通知NRクロ,ズ免责条款 N/S 无存货N.S.F. 存款不足 NTB 非关税壁垒N.U. 船名不详NW,N.wt. 净重OOAEC 亚洲经济合作组织 O/B 开证银行O/C 货港未定租船合同 O/D 见票即付O.E.C.D. 经济合作与发展组织O.F. 海运运费O.G.L. 公开一般许可证 OR 船舶所有人承担风险 O/R 汇出汇款ovld. 过载PP/A 单独海损P.,L. 损益payt. 支付,付款 pd 付讫,通过P.D. 港务费p.l. 部分损失pm. 保费P/N 期票P.O.C. 停靠港P.O.D. 交货时付款 P.O.R. 避难港QQ 检疫Q/D 快递件,快速装卸 qlty. 品质quotn 报价,行市quty. 数量Rrd. 收讫R/D 与出票人接洽 R.D.C. 碰撞条款rept. 收据R.F.W.D. 雨淋淡水损害国际贸易英文缩写贸易频道助你今年发大财SS.C. 救助费S.D. 海损S.D. 装运单据s.d. 交货不足S/D 即期汇票SDR 特别提款权sgd 已签署SHEX 星期日和假日除外 SHINC 星期日和假日包括在内 sig. 签署SITC 标准国际贸易分类 S.L. 海难救助损失 S/N 装船通知单S.O. 卖方选择S/O 装货单SP 起运港spec. 说明书,规格 S.R. 本船收货单S.R. 货运收据,装货收据 S/S 轮船S.S.B.C. 沉没,触碓,火灾和碰撞S.T. 短吨stg. 英镑stor. 存仓费,栈租Ttfr. 转帐,过户 T.L. 全损T.L.O. 仅保全损 T.M.O. 电汇票T.P.N.D. 偷窃及提货不着险T/R 信托收据T/T 电汇T.T.B. 买入电汇 T.T.P. 应付电汇 T.T.R. 应收电汇WW.A. 承保单独海损,水渍险W/R 战争险w.r. 仓库收据W/W 仓单W/Wクロ,ズ仓至仓条款。
进出口贸易流程英文
Develo p
busines s
Schem e
Establish
Relations Developme
hip
nt
And of advertisi
sell
ng
network
handle the trademark registration
2
procedure of executing an export contract
The customs inspection release
the Advice
bill
of
of Shipment
Lading
to
after
The
Loading buyer
the
goods
With a full
Set of
Collect the
relevant Documents
shipping Documents Together with the l/c
The second stage
Foreign negotiations
Enquiries
Offer
counter-offer
Accept
The signing of the contract (assuming CIF) contract
4
Urging Checking &amending
The l/c
The general process of export trade
Team members:
Pan Taotao Chen Yanlin Zhang Huiling Yang Xiuzhi Chi Tingting
国际贸易术语 Incoterms 2010 英文介绍
The Incoterms 2010 rulesEx Works (EXW)Can be used for any transport mode, or where there is more than one transport modeThis rule places minimum responsibility on the seller, who merely has to make the goods available, suitably packaged, at the specified place, usually the seller’s factory or depot.The buyer is responsible for loading the goods onto a vehicle (even though the seller may be better placed to do this); for all export procedures; for onward transport and for all costs arising after collection of the goods.In many cross-border transactions, this rule can present practical difficulties. Specifically, the exporter may still need to be involved in export reporting and clearance processes, and cannot realistically leave these to the buyer. Consider Free Carrier (seller’s premises) instead.Other things to watch for. Although the seller is not obliged to load the goods, if the seller does so, this is at the buyer’s risk!Free Carrier (FCA)Can be used for any transport mode, or where there is more than one transport mode.A very flexible rule that is suitable for all situations where the buyer arranges the main carriageFor example:∙Seller arranges pre-carriage from seller’s depot to the named place, which can be a terminal or transport hub, forwarder’s warehouse etc. Delivery and transfer of risk takes place when the truck or other vehicle arrives at this place, ready for unloading – in other words, the carrier is responsible for unloading the goods. (If there is more than one carrier, then risk transfers on delivery to the first carrier.)∙Where the named place is the seller’s premises, then the seller is responsible for loading the goods onto the truck etc. NB this is an important difference from Ex Works EXWIn all cases, the seller is responsible for export clearance; the buyer assumes all risks and costs after the goods have been delivered at the named place. FCA is the rule of choice for containerised goods where the buyer arranges for the main carriage.Carriage Paid T o (CPT)Can be used for any transport mode, or where there is more than one transport mode.The seller is responsible for arranging carriage to the named place, but not for insuring the goods to the named place. However delivery of the goods takes place, and risk transfers from seller to buyer, at the point where the goods are taken in charge by a carrier – see delivery.Things to watch for.Terminal Handling Charges (THC) are charges made by the terminal operator. These charges may or may not be included by the carrier in their freight rates – the buyer should enquire whether the CPT price includes THC, so as to avoid surprises.The buyer may wish to arrange insurance cover for the main carriage, starting from the point where the goods are taken in charge by the carrier – NB this will not be the place referred to in the Incoterms rule, but will be specified elsewhere within the commercial agreementSee also “Carriage and Insurance Paid T o CIP”Carriage and Insurance Paid T o (CIP)Can be used for any transport mode, or where there is more than one transport mode. The seller is responsible for arranging carriage to the named place, and also for insuring the goods.As with CPT, delivery of the goods takes place, and risk transfers from seller to buyer, at the point where the goods are taken in charge by a carrier –see delivery.Things to watch for.Terminal Handling Charges (THC) are charges made by the terminal operator. These charges may or may not be included by the carrier in their freight rates – the buyer should enquire whether the CPT price includes THC, so as to avoid surprises.Although the seller is obliged to arrange for insurance for the journey, the rule only requires a minimum level of cover, which may be commercially unrealistic. Therefore the level of cover may need to be addressed elsewhere in the commercial agreementSee also “Carriage Paid T o CPT”Delivered at T erminal (DAT)Can be used for any transport mode, or where there is more than one transport mode. The seller is responsible for arranging carriage and for delivering the goods, unloaded from the arriving conveyance, at the named place.Risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods have been unloaded.‘T erminal’ can be any place – a quay, container yard, warehouse or transport hub.The buyer is responsible for import clearance and any applicable local taxes or import duties.Things to watch for:The place for delivery should be specified as precisely as possible, as many ports and transport hubs are very large.A useful rule, well suited to container operations where the seller bears responsibility for the main carriage.Delivered at Place (DAP)Can be used for any transport mode, or where there is more than one transport mode.The seller is responsible for arranging carriage and for delivering the goods, ready for unloading from the arriving conveyance, at the named place. (An important difference from Delivered At T erminal DAT, where the seller is responsible for unloading.)Risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are available for unloading; so unloading is at the buyer’s risk.The buyer is responsible for import clearance and any applicable local taxes or import duties.This rule can often be used to replace the Incoterms 2000 rules Delivered At Frontier (DAF), Delivered Ex Ship (DES) and Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU)Delivered Duty Paid (DDP)Can be used for any transport mode, or where there is more than one transport mode.The seller is responsible for arranging carriage and delivering the goods at the named place, cleared for import and all applicable taxes and duties paid (e.g. VAT, GST)Risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are made available to the buyer, ready for unloading from the arriving conveyanceThis rule places the maximum obligation on the seller, and is the only rule that requires the seller to take responsibility for import clearance and payment of taxes and/or import duty.These last requirements can be highly problematical for the seller. In some countries, import clearance procedures are complex and bureaucratic, and so best left to the buyer who has local knowledge.Free Alongside Ship (FAS)Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway.In practice it should be used for situations where the seller has direct access to the vessel for loading, e.g. bulk cargos or non-containerised goods.For containerised goods, consider “Free Carrier FCA” instead.Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, alongside the vessel at a named port, at which point risk transfers to the buyer.The buyer is responsible for loading the goods and all costs thereafter.Free On Board (FOB)Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway.In practice it should be used for situations where the seller has direct access to the vessel for loading, e.g. bulk cargos or non-containerised goods.For containerised goods, consider “Free Carrier FCA” instead.Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, loaded on board the vessel at the named port.Once the goods have been loaded on board, risk transfers to the buyer, who bears all costs thereafter.Cost and Freight (CFR)Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway.In practice it should be used for situations where the seller has direct access to the vessel for loading, e.g. bulk cargos or non-containerised goods.For containerised goods, consider ‘Carriage Paid T o CPT’ instead.Seller arranges and pays for transport to named port. Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, loaded on board the vessel.However risk transfers from seller to buyer once the goods have been loaded on board, i.e. before the main carriage takes place.NB seller is not responsible for insuring the goods for the main carriage.See also “Cost Insurance and Freight CIF”Cost Insurance and Freight (CIF)Use of this rule is restricted to goods transported by sea or inland waterway.In practice it should be used for situations where the seller has direct access to the vessel for loading, e.g. bulk cargos or non-containerised goods.For containerised goods, consider ‘Carriage and Insurance Paid CIP’ instead.Seller arranges and pays for transport to named port. Seller delivers goods, cleared for export, loaded on board the vessel.However risk transfers from seller to buyer once the goods have been loaded on board, i.e. before the main carriage takes place.Seller also arranges and pays for insurance for the goods for carriage to the named port.However as with “Carriage and Insurance Paid T o”, the rule only require a minimum level of cover, which may be commercially unrealistic. Therefore the level of cover may need to be addressed elsewhere in the commercial agreement.。