中西方餐具文化对比研究以筷子和刀叉为例 _英语论文
描述中西方餐具文化差异英语作文
The Cultural Differences in Tableware between China and the WestTableware, as a crucial element of dining culture, plays a significant role in reflecting the diverse culinary traditions and societal values of different cultures. When comparing China and the West, the differences in tableware usage and etiquette are particularly striking.In China, the traditional tableware primarily consists of chopsticks, bowls, and plates. Chopsticks, as the most distinctive utensil, are used to pick up and convey food from the shared dishes to one's bowl or plate. This practice reflects the importance of community and sharing in Chinese culture. The use of chopsticks also requires finesse and skill, which are often considered symbols of refinement and elegance. Moreover, Chinese tableware often features intricate designs and patterns, representing the rich cultural heritage and aesthetic sensibilities of the nation.In contrast, Western tableware typically comprises knives, forks, and spoons. These utensils are used to cut, spear, and scoop food from individual plates. This reflects the emphasis on personal space and privacy in Western cultures. The design of Western tableware tends to be more practical and functional, with less emphasis on ornamentation. However, there are still variations in tableware styles, reflecting the diverse culinary traditions and regional preferences of different countries in the West.The differences in tableware etiquette between China and the West are also noteworthy. In China, it is considered impolite to point the chopsticks directly at others or to insert them vertically into the rice bowl, as these actions are associated with bad luck and disrespect. In Western cultures, on the other hand, the proper placement and usage of knives, forks, and spoons during meals are equally important. For instance, it is considered rude to leave the knife and fork crossed on the plate, as this signals that one has finished eating.In conclusion, the differences in tableware culture between China and the West are deeply rooted in their respective historical, cultural, and societal values. The unique tableware used in each culture not only facilitates the consumption of food but also serves as a powerful symbol of cultural identity and tradition. Understanding and respecting these differences is crucial for promoting cross-cultural understanding and harmonious dining experiences.。
以筷子与刀叉的比较主题用英文写短文
以筷子与刀叉的比较主题用英文写短文Mention chopsticks we are familiar with, every day to eat guys, a pair of convenient and practical, in addition to soup, protect You can sweep the whole table. Many Chinese people who are used to using chopsticks dislike foreigners' knives and forks, just for a meal Long row of knives, forks, spoons,-accidentally encounter large pieces of food with both hands to start, it is really trouble. Often think Here, the heart can not help but send out a lot of pride. Maybe you can't guess, in fact, these simple two small sticks In, but a lot of knowledge.The origin of chopsticks can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty, and the name is related to the Jiangnan folk taboos.Speaking of the history of serving the human diet, this chopstick can be regarded as the ancestor of a knife and fork. Ancient times, our ancestors "Ru drink blood", mainly rely on the hand to eat food, since "ape yi goodbye", people found that the food cooked to eat more zi taste.In the pre-Qin period, people ate- -just without chopsticks. According to the records in the Book of Rites, it is speculated that people were eating with their hands Within the entrance. Later, because people barbecue food, it is impossible toirectly use the hand operation, need to use tools such as bamboo branches To place and turn over the food, to cook the meat and vegetable soup in the cooker, but also to use them to eat, over time, smart The Ming ancestors gradually learned to use bamboo strips to clip, which is the earliest prototype of chopsticks.。
中西方饮食文化的差异英语作文初中
English Essay: Differences in Chinese and Western Food CulturesThe world is a vast tapestry woven with diverse cultures, each contributing its unique hues to the grand narrative. Among these, the differences in Chinese and Western food cultures stand out prominently, reflecting not only distinct culinary traditions but also profound cultural values and lifestyles.Firstly, the focus of meals holds a significant divergence. In Western cuisine, meals tend to be centered around a main course, often accompanied by side dishes and dessert. This structure emphasizes the importance of the main dish, which is often a hearty meat-based meal. Conversely, Chinese dining culture embraces a more communal approach, where a variety of dishes are served simultaneously, encouraging sharing and a diverse dining experience. Each dish, no matter how small, is considered essential to the overall meal's harmony.Secondly, the use of ingredients and cooking techniques varies greatly. Western cooking heavily relies on dairy products, such as butter, cheese, and cream, which add richness and depth to dishes. Meat, especially beef and pork, is also a staple. Chinese cuisine, on the other hand, boasts a vast array of ingredients, including vegetables, seafood, tofu, and various spices and herbs. Cooking techniques like stir-frying, steaming, and braising are preferred, emphasizing the natural flavors of the ingredients and preserving their nutritional value.Moreover, the role of utensils and dining etiquette differs. In Western settings, knives, forks, and spoons are the norm, reflecting a more individualistic approach to dining. Dining etiquette emphasizes proper table manners and the proper use of utensils. In contrast, Chinese dining often involves chopsticks, which not only facilitate the consumption of a wide range of foods but also symbolize unity and harmony, as diners share from a common platter. Dining etiquette in China focuses on respect for elders, timely serving of food, and maintaining a lively conversation during meals.Lastly, the concept of balance and harmony is paramount in Chinese cuisine, whereas Western cuisine tends to emphasize individual flavors and textures. Chinese cooking adheres to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, where foods are classified according to their properties (hot, cold, neutral) and their effects on the body. Meals are carefully balanced to promote health and well-being. Western cuisine, while also striving for flavor combinations, does not necessarily adhere to such holistic principles.In conclusion, the differences between Chinese and Western food cultures are deeply rooted in their respective histories, traditions, and philosophies. Thesevariations not only enrich our dining experiences but also offer insights into the diverse ways in which cultures around the world approach food, nutrition, and social interaction.中文翻译：中西方饮食文化的差异世界是一幅由多元文化交织而成的壮丽画卷，每种文化都为这幅画卷增添了独特的色彩。
浅谈中西方不同的餐具文化英语作文
浅谈中西方不同的餐具文化英语作文英文回答：The use of 餐具 in different cultures is a fascinating subject that reveals variations in social norms, eating habits, and historical influences. While both Eastern and Western cultures have developed unique dining customs, there are key distinctions in their respective 餐具traditions.Eastern 餐具 Culture:In Eastern cultures, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea, chopsticks have been the dominant tool for eating for centuries. Chopsticks represent precision, skill, and communal dining. They require a delicate grip and coordination, symbolizing the harmony and patience associated with Eastern philosophy.Another characteristic of Eastern 餐具 is the emphasison shared dishes. Communal bowls and platters encourage diners to partake in the same dishes, fostering a sense of togetherness and camaraderie. In contrast, Western cultures typically prioritize individual portions served on separate plates.Western 餐具 Culture:Western 餐具, comprising forks, knives, and spoons, has evolved differently from its Eastern counterparts. Forks, first used in the Byzantine Empire, gained widespread adoption in Europe during the Middle Ages. They facilitated the consumption of various foods, including meats and vegetables, and became a symbol of sophistication.Knives played a crucial role in shaping Western 餐具, as they were used both to cut and eat food. The serrated edge of steak knives, for instance, reflects the popularity of grilled meats in Western cuisine. Spoons, initially employed for soups and stews, became versatile tools for a range of dishes.Unlike Eastern 餐具, Western utensils encourage individual dining. Each person is served a plate with their own portion of food, promoting self-sufficiency and independence.Cross-Cultural Influences:While these distinct 餐具 cultures have persisted, globalization and increased cultural exchange have led to some cross-pollination of dining practices. For example, chopsticks have become increasingly popular in Western countries, particularly for Asian cuisine. Conversely, forks and knives have been adopted in Eastern cultures to some extent.These cross-cultural influences highlight the adaptability and interconnectedness of global餐饮traditions. While preserving their unique characteristics, both Eastern and Western 餐具 cultures continue to evolve and borrow elements from each other, enriching the diverse culinary landscape.中文回答：餐具文化反映了不同文化中的社交礼仪、饮食习惯和历史影响。
中西方餐桌礼仪差异 九年级英语作文
中西方餐桌礼仪差异九年级英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Differences in Table Manners Between East and WestHello everyone! Today, I want to talk about something interesting—differences in table manners between East and West. Table manners are the way we behave while eating, and they can vary a lot from one culture to another. Let's explore some of these differences!In Western countries, it is common to eat with a knife, fork, and spoon. Each person has their own set of utensils, and they use them to eat their food. It's important to hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left hand. When eating, they cut their food into small pieces and then eat it with the fork. Also, it is polite to keep your elbows off the table while eating.In China and many other East Asian countries, we use chopsticks to eat. Chopsticks are thin, long sticks that are usually made of wood or bamboo. We hold one chopstick in each hand and use them to pick up food. It takes some practice to use them properly, but once you get the hang of it, it's really fun! InChinese culture, it is considered impolite to stab food with chopsticks or point them at others while eating.Another difference is the way we drink during meals. In the West, it is common to drink from a glass or cup, and it's okay to take small sips while eating. However, in China, we usually drink from small bowls or cups and we take big gulps of soup or tea. It is also polite to refill other people's cups when they are empty as a sign of respect and generosity.One more interesting difference is the way we express our appreciation for the food. In Western culture, it is polite to say "please" and "thank you" to the host or the person who prepared the meal. You can say things like "Please pass the salt" or "Thank you for the delicious meal." In Chinese culture, we often say "吃饭了" (chī fàn le), which mea ns "Let's eat" before we start our meal. We also use phrases like "好吃" (hǎo chī), which means "delicious," to show our appreciation.Remember, it's important to respect and understand different cultures, including their table manners. When we visit someone from a different culture or have guests from another country, it's a good idea to learn a little about their customs and try to follow them. By doing this, we can show that we are respectful and open-minded individuals.In conclusion, table manners can vary greatly between East and West. Whether it's the utensils we use, the way we drink, or how we express appreciation, these differences reflect the unique traditions and customs of each culture. So let's embrace diversity and enjoy the delicious food from all around the world!I hope you enjoyed learning about the differences in table manners between East and West. Have a great day, everyone!篇2Differences in Table Manners Between China and the WestHello everyone! Today, I want to tell you about the differences in table manners between China and the West. Table manners are important because they show respect to others and make dining a pleasant experience for everyone. Let's explore some interesting differences!In China, it is polite to slurp your noodles while eating. It may seem strange to some people, but it's a way of showing that you are enjoying the meal. In the West, however, it is considered impolite to make noise while eating. So, if you are visiting a Western country, remember to eat quietly.Another difference is the use of chopsticks and forks. In China, we use chopsticks to eat most of our meals. Chopsticks are held in one hand and used to pick up food. However, in the West, people usually use forks and knives. They hold the fork in their left hand and the knife in their right hand to cut the food. Then, they switch the fork to their right hand to eat. It's interesting how different tools can be used for the same purpose!When it comes to seating arrangements, there's a difference too. In China, the host usually sits facing the door as a sign of respect to the guests. The most honored guest is seated on the host's right side. In the West, there are no strict rules about seating arrangements. People usually choose their seats freely, and the host can sit anywhere. It's nice to know these differences so we can be respectful when we have guests from different cultures.One more difference is the way we offer and receive food. In China, it is polite to offer food to others before serving yourself. We often say "请吃" (qǐng chī), which means "please eat," as a way of showing politeness. On the other hand, in the West, it is common for people to serve themselves first and then offer foodto others. It's important to be aware of these customs to avoid any misunderstandings.Lastly, let's talk about the use of utensils during the meal. In China, it is common to use chopsticks for everything, including picking up rice. It may take some practice to master the art of using chopsticks, but it's a fun skill to learn. In the West, forks and knives are used for cutting and eating food. They also use spoons for soup or desserts. It's interesting how different cultures have their own unique ways of enjoying a meal!In conclusion, there are many differences in table manners between China and the West. From how we eat noodles to the use of utensils and seating arrangements, each culture has its own customs and traditions. By being aware of these differences, we can show respect and have a better understanding of each other's cultures. So, let's embrace diversity and enjoy our meals together, no matter where we are from!I hope you enjoyed learning about the differences in table manners between China and the West. Remember, it's always good to be respectful and open-minded when it comes to different customs. Happy dining!篇3中西方餐桌礼仪差异大家好！我是小明，今天我想和大家分享一下中西方餐桌礼仪的差异。
论文中西方餐桌礼仪英文版（5篇范文）
论文中西方餐桌礼仪英文版（5篇范文）第一篇：论文中西方餐桌礼仪英文版Different Table Manners between China and the West不同的国家和民族由于地区差异形成了不同的文化。
而不同国家的社会生活方式则形成了不同的饮食文化及餐桌礼仪。
饮食文化及餐桌礼仪是非语言文化的重要组成部分。
作为一名外语学习者，了解中西方饮食文化及餐桌礼仪方面的差异及其渊源是必要且必须的。
因为这不仅仅可以增加对所学语言文化的认识，更加有助于提高跨文化交际的成功率，以此避免由不合适的行为或方式所形成的误解。
本文第一部分分别对中西方餐桌礼仪做简要概括。
第二部分为本文核心，从餐具，座次，点餐及用餐氛围四个方面具体介绍中西方餐桌礼仪的差异。
第三部分从地理因素，价值观，及传统习俗入手，讲述形成中西方餐桌礼仪差异的缘由。
以此三个部分展现餐桌礼仪文化在中西方文化交流中占据重要地位。
Different countries and nations have different cultures as a result of regional differences.The social lifestyle of different countries form different diet culture and table manners, which are an important part of non language culture.As a foreign language learner, it is necessary to learn the differences between Chinese and Western food culture and table manners.Because it can not only increase the comprehension of the language culture, but also help to improve the success rate of intercultural communication, so as to avoid the misunderstanding caused by inproper behavior or manner.The first part of this paper gives a brief summary of Chinese and western table manners.The second part is the core of this paper, descriping specificly the difference between chinese and western table manner from four aspects that are tableware, seat arrangement, serving order and dining atmosphere.The third part from the geographical factors, values,and traditional customs introduces the reasons that the differences between Chinese and western table manners from the geographical factors, values, and traditional customs.The purpose of this paper shows that table manner plays an important role in the process of communication and colliding between Chinese and western culture.Etiquette is the process that show respect for others and constrain ourselves with a certain and conventional way in interpersonal communication, involving dress, communication, emotional intelligence and so on.Etiquette is a language, a tool, and a set of communicational rules between people.Table manner refers to the common eating polite standard in human society.On the contrary, some behaviors when eating are regarded as rude or destroying other’s appitite.In accordence with different culture of different countries, there are different table manner.According to the literature, chinese table manner has formed a quite complete system since Zhou Dynasty.This traditional banquent are still remaining in most parts of China.As the saying goes, food is the paramount necesssity of the people.In this way we can see that eating diet plays a significant role in Chinese daily life.Wheareas, table manner has high statue.While eating with traditional chinese family, we have to respect their manner, culture and custom.In addition, not to offend the taboo for Chinese believe that diet is closely related with fate.if you offend the taboo, it will lead to bad luck.For example, after dinner ,you can’t say I finish the meal, which it means you are dead and no chance to eat.Instead you should say I am full.Table manner occupies a important place in the modern chinese life order.They think that eating is not just to meet the basic phycial need, but also esencial social experience.Therefore it is particularly important to mastersome ceremorial knowledge about Chinese table manner, whether you are a host or a guest.dinnerware Western dinnerware are mainly the knife and fork which were widely used by France in the European continent in the 18th century.Westerners using knife and fork is consisted with their culture about nomadism and maritime, which shows vividly that they are competitive and adventurous.before eating, knife and fork are placed in accordance with the rule : left fork and right knifon both sides of the plate respectivly, with the blade took inward.At eating, right hand take the knife to cut food without blade outward, while left hand use the fork to eat food.If not to eat temporarily, one should place knife and fork in “eight” shape with the blade toward oneself.When the meal is finished, the fork is raised on the back and the blade is folded inward with the fork.Except knives and forks, spoon, napkin, glass are also essential for Western dishes.Spoons divide two types: soup spoon and sweet spoon.A large spoon is next to the knife, while small dessert spoon are placed on the top of the dessert dish.When drinking soup, one should take the spoon with the right hand.After drinking, one should place it in the opposite side of the plate.The napkin is usually prepared on the plate before the meal.The wine glasses are placed with the order :liqueur glass, red wine glasses, champagne glasses, beer mugs, and the type of wine is the same as the type of wine.The wine glass is usually on the top of the right side of the knife.Chopsticks, which has a long history of 3000 years, is the typical Chinese tableware, consistent with the traditional “harmony” thought.Pay attention to 2 notes about the use of chopsticks: first, place chopsticks neatly on the right side of the bowl before eating.Second, do not use chopsticks to make a sound, lick chopsticks, or not to point atanyone with chopsticks.Taking particular notice, do not insert the chopsticks in rice or pasta, because it is very similar to the ancient ritual candles and symbolizes infelicity.In addition to chopsticks, spoons, plates, cups, napkins, toothpicks are necessary.The spoon is used for soup or other small morsels.Attentiuon, do not put soup too full to smear the table cloth or clothing.After using, put the food into the plate immediately.In general, the big plate is for a variety of dishes, small dishes for the food dish, to hold the incoming food from the public plate.Remember not to put too many things in the disk cover so as not to avoid oil to spill , and put thorns on the front end of the plate.Napkins are often used in some large hotels.Before dinner, the waiters will prepare a hot wet towel for the guests.The cup is usually on the left of the dish, not to pour fully.Serving order Appetizers, the first dish, are sometime made of four kinds of cold platet representative appetizers are the cold jellyfish skin, preserved eggs and so on.After the cold plate, it is followed by four hot plate that commonly is fried shrimp, fried chicken and so on.However, hot plates are mostly omitted.While placing the hot plate, one ought to serve from the left of the opposite seats of guests of honor.The heads of the whole fish and duck should not be pointed at the chief seat.The following are the main course, also known as large dishes,will be taken on table.If the menu is marked “eight pieces”, it says that there are a total of eight main course.The number of courses in the main course is usually four, six, eight and so even, since the Chinese people think that even is the number of Kyrgyzstan.In the luxurious banquet, the main course even can be up to ten kinds of species.These dishes are made of different materials, added acid, sweet, bitter, spicy, salty flavors, with fried, steamed, boiled, fried, roasted, fried and other cookingmethods.Most of the order of the dishes are matched interactively, for example, combining light taste with oily and greaty taste.Soup is the end.Dessert, such as pies, cakes, buns, almonds and so on, is provided after the main st is the fruit, which is good for digesting.In western banquent, the appetizer is also the first dish which is specialty.As for the first dish , it usually match with aperitif.It is with acid and crisp taste and westerners’ favorite snack.The following dish, extremly different from China, is soup which is classified genelly into five categories: vegetable soup, cold soup, cream soup, pureed soup,and clear soup.Next is side dish, also called fish dish, including a viatery of seafood such as shellfish and molluscs for the seafood is full of nutrition and good for lung and eye.The fourth dish is main course, which also known as poultry or meat dish.Delicious steak or lamb is the most common main course.It is more tasty when drizzling fresh foie gras.After greasy meat dish, it is right time for salad, refreshing vegetable dish, such as tomato, broccoli, onion and so on.The following dish is dessert which have many different kinds.It can be chocolate cookie, croissant, mousse cake,macarons.Coffee is the final drinking, which can be added milk and sugar according to own taste.It also has different kinds such as blue mountain coffee, latte, macchino, mocha and so on.Table setting In the Chinese table manner, at the begining, let guests attend the seats, then please the elderly seat next to the guests.One should seat from the left side of the chair.When sitting on the chair, one should not move the chopsticks, or make noise, let alone walk casually unless having urgency.Host should invites guest to have a seat and notice that do not let guest sit close to the place that is seryed dishes.If you are the master, you should point to a chair and say to the guestswith a gentle tone: “please sit here.” There are four fountamental way for sitting arrangement: first, taking the table of the host sitting as a sign, the guest on its right is honor and the left is low.Second, first host should sit facing the main door, then guest of honor sit on the right of the host and deputy chief gust on the left.Third, if the position of the host is inferior to the guest of honor, the host is able to ask guest to sit where the host should have seated, then the host sit on the right, host should have a seat that is faced the main door, and the guest of honor sit on the right of master.As for deputy chief guest, he should sit on the left.Western people believe that the right is honor and the left is low.when hostess announces that the dinner is ready, the host will lead the guests to sit in turn, with the hostess walking last.Some careful master willplace name card on the table in order to show seats.while, if there is no such arrangement, then the seat arrangement is generally:men and women sit separatedlly, male host first, gewhose seat is in the hostess On the right of hostess.the other couples are diagonally seated.Couple sitting dividually shows the opening and lively nature of the American banquet.They hope that the banquet can be used to enhance the relationship of each other and relaxing atmosphere.In the informal party, seat arrangment follows that women is first.If a gentlman shares a supper with a woman, the man should not let the woman sit near the passageway and should let the woman sit on his right;the man should let the woman sit inside.If two men with a woman, men ought to lead the woman sit in the middle．What is more, men should remove the chairs and let women sit first．When two man have a dinner，the junior sit outside． Atmosphere When chinese people enjoy yummy food they usually talk a lot, which shows the sincere andhospitality of hostess.Besides, lively table can reflect the guests’joy.The active atmosphere reflects the warmth of family, and harmony of the nation in a sence.However, in the western tradition, people think that excessive noise is rude, and only the quiet and orderly looks noble.There not exist these phenomenon such as pesuading to drink alcohol and carrying dish for others.This reflects the respect for the individual in the western culture.people hardly talk with each other but cut and eat their food with fork quietly.They avoid making noise while eating and drinking.Even if they have something important to talk, they keep the sound that both of them can heard.When chinese invited guests to have dinner, they usually prepare a wild variety of dishes, which is no less than seven or eight dishes.The more delicious and expensive the dishes are, the more important guests are.Although the hostness elaborate perpectly, she would say: I am so sorry that the dish does not cook well, eat more.Hope you bear with me.Please forgive me, there are not so much food for you all.Or some modest words similar like this.In addition, the host will ask the guest: Would you like some more? And maybe the host will ask this later.The guest answer with a little shame: just a little more.While in western dinner, there are four or five dishes.If it is at home, the guest had better eat all of the food, so the hostness will be very happy because of her good ually, host simply say to guest: heip yourself.When the host ask: would you like more fried chicken? The guest just answer according to himself.If he is full enough, he say: no , thanks.If not, he should answer: yes, I would like some more chickens.After dinner, guest could say it was out of the world！So delicious！I licked the plate clean.or I made a pig of myself.In this way can make hostness happy.By comparing this, we can know that Chinese obey theprinciple that is to belittle themselves and to respect others.Western people pay more attention to keeping their prestige and saving face.For example, western people never talk adout the disguesting things on table.They will try their best to use implicit and elegent words to replace toilet.such as: “Where can I wash my hand”, “I wonder if I could go somewhere.”, “Can I add some powder? ”Geography China is located in the east Asia-Europe continental monsoon climate zone, rain and heat over the same period, very suitable for growing plant, which forms Chinese people's plant character.Most western countries are located in temperate maritime climate zone, which is the perfect place for natural pasture.So western people are fond of meat.For Europeans, pasture means food, and food means survival, which in turn leads to their expansion and the formation of aggressive character.There are big animals such as cattle and sheep in the vast ranch, so their diets are mainly steak and lamb, and thus have the argument that is “from Berlin to Los Angeles, steak is a taste”.This is why milk from Europe and the United States is spreaded into China.as we all know, chopsticks, fork and knife are the most foundemental difference between Chinese and western table manner.Chopsticks originate from the place where there is bamboo.More wood in the north , more bamboo in the south, ancestors use local materials, cuting bamboo and wood for making chopsticks.anyway, chopsticks play an indispensable role in Chinese daily life.knife and fork later than the chopsticks is the representative of Western tableware, which originated in the ancient European living nomadic habits.Before and after the 15th century, there appeared two-teeth fork, the emergence of four-teeth fork in the 18th century.They cut down and eat meat assoon as it cooked.From then on, western people use knife and fork as their tableware.The view of value In China, a state of ceremony, table manner reflects Chinese “solidarity” collectivist values.During the dinner, seat arrangement can give expression to it obviously.Chinese people emphasis that to respect the old and cherish the young, to be filial first.Relativly speaking, in western countries, the value of individualism occupies a position of importance, which shows individual valve and strength.Because they emphasis personality development, self-expression in their philosophical thought.They believe that it is not fate but your own laziness to contribute to your faiure.During Chinese dinner, seniority would give dish to the junior so that displays their kindness to children.This is lively and harmonious atmosphere conforming to chinese traditional value.On the contrary, western people eat their own food and pick up food they want to have.They refuse others to force themselve eating food they do not like.Different from chinese traditional food culture, western diet is more rational, more emphasis on science and health.Regarding nutrition as the highest standard, they eating food is just like adding a fuel to a biological machine, with particular emphasis on the nutrition of the food.Whether the amount of Protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and all kinds of inorganic elements is reasonable, whether the supply of calories is proper, whether nutrients can be fully absorbed by the body, which are the westerners’ focus.Western diet that demonstrate strong pragmatism and utilitarianism will not combine the diet with spiritual enjoyment together.Chinese diet has always been pursuing the taste as the primary purpose of eating.A folk saying goes: “hunger breeds discontentment, and whether the food i9os delicious or notdepends on taste.Chinese cook create a lot of cooking methods in ordre to make dish tasteful.Even if the dish name is poetic.Making food and eating food having special cultural connotation, to a certain extent, is the embodiment of the art.Although we attach importance to eating for keeping in good health, our cooking methods result in a lack of many nutrients in the processing process that is one disadvantage.culture The different national ethnic and historical development can lead to different history.Confucianism and Taoism are the origion of Chinese traditional culture, which have a long and profound influence on Chinese society.Faith, propriety, righteousness, wisdom, benevolence are the core of Chinese traditional culture.Mr.Yi Zhongtian, in the book Culture on Dinner Table said that the core thought of Chinese culture is group consciousness while the western corn thought is individual consciousness.Edward Hall, a famous American anthropologist, propose that time concept of human has two cultural patterns, Monochronic-time and Polychronic-time.Western people insisting on M-time follow close to the line of scheduling program, deal with things with time correspondently.By contrast, eastern people holding P-time are more flexible on time.In the Chinese banquet, the M-time model makes the guests more inclined to be late and the host seems to have prepared for the guests who arrive on time some intresting activities to kill time such as chating, watching TV so that the guests who come earlier would not feel boring.In China, especially in ancient times, women are not allowed to participate in formal banquets which is identical to the Chinese traditional feudal thought Males are supposed to be worth more than the other sex.In the book of the Chinese, Lin Yutang even said: ”since the primitive times,wome nhas not occupied the deserved status in the Chinese people's blood.“ in the chinese traditional culture, woman has been in a subordinate position, Although Chinese women's status been significantly improved, but when there exist collision between the ”old“ principle and the ”lady first“ principle , Chinese choose the former instead of later.On the contrary, ”ladies first" is a traditional culture in the west, and an absolutely necessary etiquette in social activities.Women can enjoy many traditional customs of the knigh: When a woman enters a restaurant, all the men have to stand up;and in front of the table, the man take the chair for the lady.ConclusionIn recent years, with the rapid development of China, the trade and cultural exchanges between China and Western countries have become more and more paring the difference of table manner between China and west, we can see that it is important to improve the international image of our country, strengthen the cultivation of personal qualities, and promote the further cooperation between China and the west. 第二篇：中西方餐桌礼仪差异分析英文There are many difference in Chinese and western table manner , but which tings lead to these difference, There may be three aspects.Different cultural connotations,different ways of thinking ,different values.Now I will explain how the values make the culture different.The value is the deepest level in the culture , is used to evaluate the behavior things by members in society, and select the most suitable principle in a few possible targets, that is the theme of culture.Therefore every country and society use the same value which is recognized.The table manners behaved by the people is a microcosm of their value.Such as China , a country which emphasize “filial” “loyalty” refl ect thevalue of collectivism.When we eat dinner ,we can find that Chinese people emphasize that caring the young, respecting the old.So the arrangement of the seat is regularly.In western countries , the values of individualism plays an important role.People use their own values.Embodies their personal energy This is because in Western philosophy, people tend to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression.They believe that if one can not achieve the goal , that is not destiny ,but their laziness and lack of struggle spirit..It can be seen through the dining system, each of them eat t food on their own plate and choose their favourite food.and the scene that eating the food that hosts provide will not appear.第三篇：英文中西方的餐桌礼仪+练习题十条应该遵守的西方礼仪How to behave at table in western society?1.When helping a woman pull her chair to the table, hold it and guide it.Don't shove it against the back of her legs.为女士拉椅子的时候，要把椅子抓住了，留个角度，让女士好走过去。
筷子和刀叉文化差异英语作文
筷子和刀叉文化差异英语作文The Cultural Differences Reflected in Chopsticks and Knives and Forks.The difference between chopsticks and knives and forks is not merely a matter of eating utensils; it is a profound reflection of the underlying cultural values and traditions of Eastern and Western societies. This essay delves into the various aspects of this contrast, exploring the historical, anthropological, sociological, and psychological dimensions that shape our understanding of these two distinct eating habits.Historical Context.The origin and evolution of chopsticks and knives and forks can be traced back to the ancient histories of East Asia and Europe, respectively. Chopsticks, made of bamboo, wood, or metal, have been used in China for over 3,000 years, evolving from simple sticks to the elegant andfunctional utensils we see today. In contrast, knives and forks have a similarly long history in Europe, with the earliest recorded use dating back to the Roman Empire. The choice of eating utensils was greatly influenced by the materials available, cooking techniques, and social customs of these regions.Anthropological Perspective.The use of chopsticks versus knives and forks reflects fundamental differences in the way Eastern and Western cultures approach food and eating. In East Asia, chopsticks are seen as an extension of the hand, allowing for a more direct and tactile interaction with food. This isreflective of the cultural emphasis on harmony and balance, where eating is not just a physiological need but also a cultural ritual that involves appreciation, respect, and even meditation. In contrast, the use of knives and forksin the West emphasizes precision and efficiency, reflecting a cultural orientation towards progress, rationality, and control.Sociological Implications.The choice of eating utensils also has profound sociological implications. In East Asia, the communal nature of dining is emphasized, with chopsticks being used to serve and share food among family members or guests. This practice fosters a sense of community and unity. On the other hand, Western dining culture often emphasizes individuality and privacy, with each person using their own set of knives and forks. This reflects a cultural preference for independence and autonomy.Psychological Aspects.The use of chopsticks versus knives and forks can also be interpreted from a psychological perspective. The act of picking up food with chopsticks requires a delicate balance between the thumb, index finger, and middle finger, promoting a state of mindfulness and concentration. This, in turn, can foster patience, discipline, and even meditation. In contrast, the use of knives and forks often involves a more direct and aggressive approach to food,reflecting a cultural preference for efficiency and directness.Conclusion.In summary, the difference between chopsticks and knives and forks is not just a matter of utensils; it is a window into the rich and diverse cultures of the East and the West. It speaks to the historical, anthropological, sociological, and psychological differences that shape our eating habits and, ultimately, our worldviews. Understanding these differences can help us appreciate the rich diversity of human cultures and the infinite ways we find to connect with each other through the simple act of eating.。
中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异英语作文
中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异英语作文英文回答：The dining table, a place where people gather to share meals, laughter, and stories, serves as a cultural tapestry woven with traditions and customs that vary significantly across different parts of the world. In this essay, we delve into the fascinating disparities between Eastern and Western dining etiquette, examining the unique nuances that shape the dining experience in these distinct cultural contexts.Table Setting:In Western dining, the table is typically set with a knife, fork, and spoon for each guest, with the fork placed to the left of the plate and the knife and spoon to the right. In Eastern dining, on the other hand, chopsticks are the primary eating utensil, and bowls and small dishes are used instead of plates. The table may also feature communalplates for sharing dishes.Meal Sequence:Western meals typically follow a set sequence: appetizer, soup, salad, main course, and dessert. In Eastern dining, however, the order of dishes can be more fluid, with dishes often served simultaneously and shared among guests.Food Presentation:In Western cuisine, food is often presented in a visually appealing manner, with dishes carefully arranged on plates to enhance their aesthetic appeal. Eastern cuisine, on the other hand, places less emphasis on presentation, with the focus being more on the taste and texture of the food.Eating Customs:Western dining etiquette dictates that one should notbegin eating until everyone at the table has been served. Guests are also expected to maintain good posture and to use their utensils properly. In Eastern dining, communal sharing of food is common, and guests may use their chopsticks or hands to take portions from shared dishes.Drinking Customs:In Western culture, alcoholic beverages are often consumed during meals, and guests may toast to the host or to special occasions. In Eastern dining, alcohol consumption may be more subdued, and guests may opt for tea or other non-alcoholic beverages instead.Table Manners:Western dining etiquette emphasizes the importance of good table manners, including avoiding loud noises while eating, keeping elbows off the table, and chewing withone's mouth closed. In Eastern dining, table manners may be less formal, and guests may be more relaxed in their behavior.Communication:Conversation is an integral part of the dining experience in both Western and Eastern cultures. However, the nature of conversation can vary. In Western dining, guests may engage in lively discussions on a wide range of topics, while in Eastern dining, conversation may be more reserved and focused on shared experiences.Host and Guest Roles:In Western dining, the host is typically responsible for ensuring that guests are comfortable and well-fed. Guests are expected to express their appreciation for the hospitality shown to them. In Eastern dining, the host and guests share a reciprocal responsibility for ensuring a pleasant dining experience, with guests often contributing dishes or assisting with preparations.Conclusion:The differences between Eastern and Western dining etiquette reflect the unique cultural values and traditions of these distinct regions of the world. While both cultures emphasize the importance of hospitality, sharing, and communication, the specific customs and practices associated with dining vary significantly. Understanding and respecting these cultural nuances can enhance the dining experience and foster cross-cultural understanding.中文回答：餐桌布置：在西方用餐礼仪中，餐桌通常摆放有餐刀、餐叉和餐匙，餐叉放在盘子的左边，餐刀和餐匙放在右边。
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中西方餐具文化对比研究以筷子和刀叉为例 _英语论文---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ 中西方餐具文化对比研究以筷子和刀叉为例 _英语论文摘要随着国际交流的不断发展，中西方之间的差异日趋明显。
在双方的互动交流中，两种文化互相渗透但又各不相同。
餐具作为文化中重要的一部分，即被文化所影响，同时也反映出了中西方文化的不同。
筷子和刀叉是最具东西方饮食文化代表性的两种餐具，因此，比较了解这两种餐具的外在差异和文化内涵，对于更好地进行国际交流具有重要的现实意义。
本文从起源，造型设计和使用规则这三个方面出发，对筷子和刀叉做出系统的比较研究。
在此基础上，对两者各自体现的不同东西方文化差异进行深层次地探讨，并寻找其融合点。
8913关键词: 餐具,起源,造型设计,使用规则,中西文化Abstract With the development of international1 / 8communication, the differences between China and West become more and more obvious. In the interaction between the two sides, these two cultures related to each other but not the same. Tableware, as an important part of culture, is affected by culture; meanwhile, itreflects the differences among different cultures. Chopsticks and knives and forks are the two tableware best reflecting eastern and western dietary cultures, therefore, a systematical study on both external and internal differences of them have great influence on betterinternational exchanges. This article aims to have a comparativeresearch on chopsticks and knives and forks in terms of the origins, designs and rules for using, based on which, a deep analysis will be made on the cultural differences between the east and west.Key words: tableware; origins; designs; rules for using; China and Western cultureA Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and Western---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ Tableware Culture: Taking Chopsticks and Knives and ForksContents摘要iAbstractiiI. Introduction1II. Different Cultures and Different Origins2On the basis of the existing studies, this article will make deep analysis of different stories about origins, the influences of perse cultural elements on the external designsand different using rules and taboos of both chopsticks and knives and forks. Besides, specialattention will be paid to the study of the different cultural influences3 / 8on the two kinds of tableware. Through systematically analyzing and summarizing the information, the fundamental cultural differences between China and West will be figured out in the article.II. Different Cultures and Different Origins2.1 The Origin of Chopsticks as the Representative of Eastern TablewareThere are many fork tales and stories concerning the origin of chopsticks whose truthfulness actually has not been proved. The two stories below are related to the origin of chopsticks.It was said that Jiang Ziya, a well-known strategist and politicianin the Shang Dynasty, used two bamboo sticks which was offered by a bird that can speak, to pick up the meat provided by his wife, and as a result, Jiang found that the meat was poisonous.To be practical, this story seemed to be a tale or a legend in most cases for the following reasons: firstly, it was unbelievable that the bird was able to ---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------ speak; secondly, it sounded unreasonable that the bamboo stickscould be used to identify poison. Consequently, the story turns out tobe unreal.There is another story referring the origin of chopsticks. It wassaid that Yu the Great, who was the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty, firstly used two small branches to pick up hot meat, and from then onthe use of chopsticks was passed down (Long & Jiao 18). This story seems to much more conform to the law of social development than the former story of Jiang, for the reason that the original purpose for Yuto use chopsticks is relatively easier to be accepted by people nowadays.Nevertheless, Yu the Great lived about more than four thousand years ago, when there were no words to record the story in the written form. Therefore, the truthfulness of this story is also susceptible. Pickingup the hot food partially contributes to the appearance of chopsticks, yet Yu the Great is not necessarily the inventor. This legend contains a sense of exaggeration and imagination.5 / 8Some people may doubt that this conclusion is quite similar to the legend of Yu the Great. Actually, Yu the Great was the founder of theXia Dynasty, the first Dynasty in the Chinese history which symbolized the end of the ancient times. Hence, according to the conclusion in the former paragraph, chopsticks most probably had appeared before the Xia Dynasty, but not until the foundation of the Xia Dynasty was the use of chopsticks commonly realized by the public because of better communications and understandings.2.2 The Origins of Knives and Forks as theRepresentative of Western TablewareThe information that can be found on the origins of knives and forks is much less than that of chopsticks. As to the knives, it was recorded in Renaat’s paper that 1.5 billion years ago, humans began to regard knives made---------------------------------------------------------------范文最新推荐------------------------------------------------------of stone as a tool to cut off the baked meat as well as to protect themselves from dangers (Morel 42). It was also marked that, in early times only knives made of stone and bone were used not only as dinning utensils but also as tools to cut off the fresh mutton and beef before cooking (Cai 58). From the above records it can be concluded that people commonly believe that knives are invented long before. People may imagine that in the ancient times, even before the appearance of fire, it was of enormous difficulty for humans to eat fresh meat without any tools. Therefore, knives were crucial to people’s life at that time. Owing to the shortage of written records, it was hard to exactly figure out when knives were invented. Nevertheless, what can be ensured was that knives were firstly used as either weapons or tableware. In later time, because of the development of human’s civilizations, people began to invent kinds of knives respectively for the use of eating and fighting.It is widely thought that the invention of forks is later than that of knives, which is relatively believable, for that7 / 8forks depend on knives. To be specific, if there were no knives cutting off the food, forks could not have been used to pick up the sliced food. Hence forks were invented after the use of knives. Considering the origin of forks, it was marked that in about the eleventh century, a princess in the country of Byzantium ever used forks to pick up the sticky candies, which was regarded as the earliest recordabout forks (Qiu 39). Although there were no specific records on the forks before the eleventh century, it could not be definitely concluded that forks originated from the country of Byzantium in eleventh century. It can only be concluded that forks may appear at least before the eleventh century.。