非谓语动词(动名词、动词不定式)总结及练习(附答案)

非谓语动词(动名词、动词不定式)总结及练习非谓语动词在句子中充当除了谓语．．．．以外其它成份的动词形式，不受人称和数的限制。

在英语中，非谓语动词主要有动名词和动词不定式两种形式。

第一部分动名词1.0动名词是在动词后面+ ing (doing)的形式，把动词变成名词来使用。

比如：live → living, see → seeing, go → going，凡此种种。

2.0 动名词在句子中的成份2.1 动名词做主语e.g. Seeing is believing. seeing为动名词，在句子中做主语Learning Japanese is hard. 为动名词，在句子中做主语2.2 动名词作宾语, 此时多与一些固定的谓语动词作搭配, 见附表e.g. I like reading.He enjoyed living in France.2.3 动名词作介词的宾语，常常与类似如下短语的介词连用，如：dream of, keep awayfrom, be good at, be interested in …e.g. He is interested in drawing. 动名词drawing作in的宾语Please keep away from lying. 动名词lying作from的宾语2.4 动名词作表语e.g. Seeing is believing. 动名词believing作表语My hobby is skating. 动名词skating作表语2.5 动名词作定语, 对修饰的名词形成一种定义e.g. a dining room, a swimming pool, a waiting room…2.6 动名词作状语，逻辑主语须与主句主语报纸一致e.g. Hearing the good news, she couldn’t helping laughing. (时间状语)Having received the letter, I decided to write back. (时间状语)Having been to the Great Wall for many times, he didn’t go last week. (原因状语)Working hard, you will succeed.(条件状语)Though working hard from day to day, he didn’t get rich. (让步状语)2.7 动名词作宾语补足语，常与感官等动词连用e.g. I saw him leavingPlease keep him working.第二部分动词不定式1.0 动词不定式也是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。

动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

2.0 动词不定式作主语e.g. To get there by car will take a whole day.How to make enough money is still a question.To be a doctor is hard.To learn English well is not easy.2.1 动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，通常用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－动词不定式短语放在句子的后面e.g. It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.It’s important to plant trees in spring.2.2 如果表示动词不定式的动作执行者，可以在不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构e.g. It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.It is important for students to use English every day.My ambition is to work for firm that develops computer software when I grow up.3.0 动词不定式作表语, 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于be动词的后面e.g. His work is to drive a car.My job is to feed animals.Her ambition is to be a doctor.He hopes to become a teacher.4.0 动词不定式作宾语, 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，连接不定式的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等e.g. I want to tell you a story.They begin to work at eight every morning.Don’t forget to lock the door.Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow.4.1 如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”e.g. He wants to go and have a swim with us.Let him try and try.4.2 若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。

e.g. I find it interesting to learn English with you.He found it hard to catch up with others.The teacher advised him to try another way4.0 作宾语补足语e.g. The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.Please let me help you.动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。

但在let, make, see, watch,hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：4.1 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语, tell / ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite/encourage /teach sb. to do sth.e.g. The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now.Her parents wish her to be a teacher.4.2 省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语e.g. Let / make / have sb. do sth.Let the boy go out now.The boy made the baby cry.see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.I often hear the girl sing in the next room.4.3 可省可不省：help sb.（to）do sth.I often help my mother （to）do housework.4.4 否定形式4.41动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.e.g. Tell them not to play football in the street.4.42 省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.e.g. Let him not smoke.4.5 被动语态, 如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“to”，即原来省的再加上e.g. The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boy.He has a good way to make his classes lively and interesting.5.0 动词不定式作定语, 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语e.g. Who was the first one to arrive?She has no paper to write on?The best way to learn English is to use it.When is the best time to plant vegetables?Do you have something to drink?5.1 动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。

例：e.g. I have no chair to sit on.He has no house to live in.6.0 动词不定式作状语，动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语6.1 作目的状语e.g. He stopped to have a rest.6.2 作结果状语e.g. He woke up to find everybody gone.6.3 在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语e.g. I’m sorry to hear your grandma is ill.6.4 在带有enough或too的句子里作状语，表程度e.g. He is old enough to go to school.6.5 强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to+动词原形，so as to不用于句首e.g. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.7.0 不定式和疑问词连用(wh to)，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等e.g. The problem is where to get a computer. （表语）No one knows how to do it. （宾）I really don’t know which one to choose. （宾）When and where to have the party is not known. (主)7.1 不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句e.g. I don’t know what to do next.I don’t know what I should do next.*We can use an object before the infinitive with these verbs.(Note that ‘help’ can also be followed by the infinitive without ‘to’ with no difference第三部分练习用动词的适当形式填空。