195柴油机工作过程计算
柴油发动机的工作原理
柴油发动机的工作原理柴油发动机是一种内燃机，它利用柴油燃料来产生动力，驱动机动车辆或者发电机。
与汽油发动机相比，柴油发动机具有更高的热效率和更大的扭矩输出，因此在大型车辆和工业设备中得到广泛应用。
下面我们将详细介绍柴油发动机的工作原理。
首先，柴油发动机的工作原理可以分为四个基本步骤，进气、压缩、燃烧和排气。
在进气阶段，气缸内的活塞向下运动，使气缸内的空气通过进气阀进入。
在压缩阶段，活塞向上运动，将进入的空气压缩至高压状态。
接着是燃烧阶段，柴油燃料被喷射到高压空气中，由于高温高压的作用，柴油燃料自燃，产生爆炸力推动活塞向下运动。
最后是排气阶段，活塞再次向上运动，将燃烧后的废气排出气缸。
在柴油发动机中，燃烧过程是最关键的部分。
燃烧室内的高压空气能够使柴油燃料迅速燃烧，产生大量高温高压的燃气，从而推动活塞运动。
与汽油发动机不同的是，柴油发动机的燃烧是通过高温高压自燃实现的，因此不需要点火系统。
柴油发动机的工作原理还涉及到燃油喷射系统。
燃油喷射系统负责将柴油燃料以高压喷射到燃烧室内，确保燃料能够充分燃烧，提高燃烧效率。
常见的燃油喷射系统包括常压喷射系统和高压共轨喷射系统，它们都能够实现精准的燃油喷射控制，提高发动机的动力输出和燃油经济性。
此外，柴油发动机还需要润滑系统和冷却系统的支持。
润滑系统负责减少活塞与气缸壁的摩擦，保持发动机的正常运转；冷却系统则通过循环冷却剂来降低发动机的工作温度，防止发动机过热损坏。
总的来说，柴油发动机的工作原理是通过压缩高压空气和喷射柴油燃料实现的，它具有高效率、高扭矩输出和长寿命的特点。
通过合理的燃油喷射控制、润滑和冷却系统的支持，柴油发动机能够稳定可靠地工作，满足各种车辆和设备的动力需求。
国五柴油机工作原理
国五柴油机工作原理
国五柴油机是一种采用压燃式工作原理的发动机，其工作过程可以分为进气、压缩、供油、燃烧、排气五个阶段。
首先，进气阶段。
柴油机通过进气门吸入大量空气，进入气缸内。
进气门在活塞向下行程时打开，从进气道中进入的新鲜空气经过滤波和混合器混合后进入气缸。
其次，压缩阶段。
活塞由上行程向下运动，将进气门关闭。
此时，气缸内的空气被压缩，使压力和温度升高。
压缩比是柴油机性能的重要指标，通常在国五标准下要求较高的压缩比，以提高燃油的燃烧效率。
接着，供油阶段。
当活塞接近下行程的末端时，燃油喷射装置开始工作，将高压燃油通过喷油嘴喷入气缸内。
燃油喷射的时间、喷射量和喷射的形态都是通过电控系统进行控制的，以满足不同工况下的需求。
然后，燃烧阶段。
当燃油喷射到压缩空气中时，由于高温高压条件下，燃油迅速氧化并燃烧。
燃烧产生的高压气体推动活塞向下运动，从而产生功，驱动发动机工作。
最后，排气阶段。
当活塞到达下行程的底部时，排气门打开，废气从排气道中排出气缸。
随后，活塞向上运动，将气缸内余气排出，为下一次工作循环做准备。
总结来说，国五柴油机通过进气、压缩、供油、燃烧和排气五
个基本阶段实现能量的转换，将燃油的化学能转化为机械能，从而推动车辆的运行。
汽车发动机课程说明195柴油机连杆及连杆螺栓强度校核计算
交通与汽车工程学院课程设计说明书课程名称:汽车发动机设计课程设计课程代码:8205531题目: 195柴油机连杆设计及连杆螺栓强度校核计算年级 / 专业 / 班:2008级/热能与动力工程( 汽车发动机 )/ 2班学生姓名: 陈磊学号:开题时间: 2011 年 6 月 27 日完成时间: 2011 年7 月 15 日课程设计成绩：学习态度及平技术水平与实质创新（ 5）说明书（计算书、图纸、剖析总分时成绩（ 30）能力（ 20）报告）撰写质量（ 45）（100）指导教师署名：年月日目录纲要⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 2 1 前言⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3国内外内燃机研究状⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3任与剖析⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 3 2 柴油机工作程算⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 5已知条件⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 5参数⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 62.3 195 柴油机定工况工作程算⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯ 63 杆⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯9杆构⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯9杆资料⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯11 4 杆螺度校核⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯12杆螺的构⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯12杆螺的度校核⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯13 5 ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯15 致⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯17 参照文件⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯18 附：195 柴油机定工况工作程算程序⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯19摘要汽车已经在一般公众中获得普及，跟着汽车行业的不停发展，愈来愈多的新技术出现在汽车的心脏——发动机上边。
495柴油机设计说明书
课程设计说明书设计题目：柴油机的曲柄连杆机构设计班级：J动力（机械）1201学号：**********姓名：***指导老师：***日期：2015年1月12日目录1 任务要求 (1)2 柴油机曲柄连杆机构动力计算 (2)2.1 原始参数 (2)2.2 动力计算 (3)结论 (12)致谢 (12)参考文献 (13)1任务要求(1).柴油机的曲柄连杆机构设计(2).计算活塞运动规律及曲柄连杆机构受力分析(位移，速度，加速度，气体力，往复惯性力，连杆力，切向力，径向力，侧压力，单缸输出转矩，总转矩)(3).编写课程设计说明书内容包括：封面，目录，原始资料及数据，设计计算及说明。
参考资料及文献等，计算机打印，装订成册。
2 柴油机曲柄连杆机构的动力学计算2.1 原始参数原始参数及已知条件 1） 柴油机型号：495 2） 燃烧室形式：涡流室 3） 气缸直径D ：95mm 4） 活塞行程S ：115mm 5） 活塞平均速度(m/s)：7.67 6） 总排量：0.817L 7） 标定转速(r/min)：2000 8） 压缩比ε：18~20 9）连杆长：210mm10） 质量：活塞810g连杆大头1382g ，小头505g 11） 曲柄半径R ：57.5mm ；12） 连杆比2738.0==l Rλ；13） 活塞面积2265.784cm D F p ==π；14） 标定功率e N ：8.8kw （12PS ）； 15） 曲轴旋转角速度s rad n/21030==πω 222/44100s rad =ω；16） 曲轴销中心的切向速度s m R /075.12=ω； 17） 曲柄销中心的切向加速度22/75.2535s m R =ω；2.2 动力计算1）运动分析及动力计算 （1）运动参数的计算 活塞运动规律计算公式： 活塞位移：)]sin 11(1cos 1[22ϕλλϕ--+-=r x活塞速度：)2sin 2(sin ϕλϕω+==r xv活塞加速度：2)2cos (cos ωϕλϕr x a +==连杆摆角：)sin arcsin(αλβ=以上个参数具体位置见 图2-1 曲柄连杆机构简图所示。
195柴油机工作过程计算
图1，计算结果；图2，P-V图图3，P-Φ图图4，P-φ图图5，h-Φ图图6，活塞温度图程序代码：Option ExplicitDim n, nn, pr, po As SingleDim tr, pa, s, d, vh, kkk As SingleDim pab, e, paa, pad, pac As SingleDim tt, T, yy, fa, X, Y, ta As SingleDim nv, n1, tc, jx, pc, fx As SingleDim l, vc, Va, gc, gh, g0 As SingleDim vcx, r, lo, A, mt, m1, m2, u0, u As SingleDim khu, cv1, cv2, tz, ccc, hu, qq, aaa, bbb As SingleDim l8, n2, pz, H, tb, pi1, pi, φx, φ, p As SingleDim fi, pm, nm, ni, gi, ne, pe, ge, nne, i, v, pb, pcx, vbx, pbx As DoubleDim aa(50), ylsgb As SinglePrivate Sub Command4_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.ForeColor = vbGreenPicture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.Scale (-0.1, 99)-(1, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 95) 'y轴Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0.95, 0) 'x轴Picture1.Line (0.93, 1)-(0.95, 0)Picture1.Line (0.93, -1)-(0.95, 0)Picture1.Line (0.015, 94)-(0, 95)Picture1.Line (-0.015, 94)-(0, 95)For i = 1 To 9 Step 1Picture1.Line (0, i * 10)-(0.015, i * 10)Picture1.Line (0.1 * i, 0)-(0.1 * i, -1)Picture1.CurrentX = -0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = 10 * i + 3: Picture1.Print i * 10Picture1.CurrentX = 0.1 * i - 0.04: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "0" & i * 0.1 Next iPicture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = 95: Picture1.Print " P （atm）"Picture1.CurrentX = 0.8: Picture1.CurrentY = 10: Picture1.Print "V （L）"'压缩过程曲线If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd Ifvc = vh / eDim X As Single: Dim pcx, vcx As SinglePicture1.DrawWidth = 1.3Picture1.Line (vc, 10 * po)-(0.9, 10 * po)Picture1.Line (vc, po)-(vc, 88)Picture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.ForeColor = vbYellowFor X = v To vc Step -0.0001vcx = Xpcx = pa * (v / vcx) ^ n1Picture1.PSet (vcx, pcx)Next X'燃烧过程曲线Picture1.Line (vcx, pcx)-(vc, pz)'膨胀过程曲线Dim vbx, pbx As SinglePicture1.Line (vc, pz)-(vc * p, pz): vc = vc * pFor X = vc To v Step 0.0001vbx = Xpbx = pz * ((vc / vbx) ^ n2)Picture1.PSet (vbx, pbx)Next X'排气过程曲线Picture1.Line (vbx, pbx)-(v, pa)Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ForeColor = vbRedPicture1.CurrentX = 0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = 8: Picture1.Print "po"Picture1.CurrentX = 0.02: Picture1.CurrentY = 20: Picture1.Print "vc"q:End SubPrivate Sub Command1_Click()s = Val(Text2.Text): d = Val(Text4.Text)n = Val(Text1.Text): po = Val(Text15.Text) / 10:e = Val(Text5.Text): tt = Val(Text17.Text): fa = Val(Text18.Text): r = Val(Text2.Text)l = Val(Text31.Text) / 3.14 / ((d / 2) ^ 2)gc = Val(Text11.Text): gh = Val(Text12.Text): g0 = Val(Text8.Text)A = Val(Text19.Text): mt = Val(Text20.Text): fi = Val(Text9.Text): i = Val(Text3.Text)n1 = Val(Text14.Text): n2 = Val(Text33.Text)'排气过程pr = Int(1000 * 10.8 * po) / 1000: tr = 350 / (1.2 / Log(n) * Log(10) + 0.005 * (e - 3) + 0.01 * (fa - 1)): hu = 42500 '柴油机暂时先赋的值'进气过程paa = n ^ 2 / 520000000pac = ((e - 0.5) ^ 2) / ((e - 1) ^ 2) '残余废气收缩系数暂时取的0.5T = 20 't 进气温升取的20pa = 0.9 * po * 10 '进气压力yy = (tt + T) * pr / tr / (e * pa - pr) ' 残余废气系数yyta = (tt + T + yy * tr) / (1 + yy) '进气温度nv = tt * pa * e * (e * pa - pr) / (tt + T) / (10 * po) / (e - 1) / e / pa '充气系数'压缩过程'平均压缩多变指数pc = Int(100 * (pa * e ^ (n1))) / 100 '压缩终点压力tc = Int(10 * ta * e ^ (n1 - 1)) / 10 '压缩终点温度'燃烧过程lo = 1 / 0.21 * (gc / 12 + gh / 4 - g0 / 32)m1 = A * lo: m2 = A * lo + gh / 4 + g0 / 32u0 = m2 / m1u = (u0 + yy) / (1 + yy) '实际分子变更系数'化学损失khu = 0cv1 = (4.815 + 0.000415 * tc) * 4.1868qq = Val(Text30.Text) '---------------------------qq 热量利用系数选取ccc = (qq * (hu - khu) / m1 / (1 + yy) + cv1 * tc) / uaaa = (3.3 / A + 3.7) * 4.1868 / 10000 '柴油机bbb = (4.8 + 2.2 / A) * 4.1868tz = Int((-bbb + (bbb ^ 2 + 4 * aaa * ccc) ^ 0.5) / 2 / aaa) '燃烧终点温度ylsgb = Val(Text29.Text)p = u * tz / ylsgb / tc '----柴油机预期膨胀比----pz = Int(100 * (ylsgb * pc)) / 100 '最高燃烧压力pb = Int(100 * (pz / (e ^ n2))) / 100 '膨胀终点压力tb = Int(tz / (e ^ (n2 - 1))) '膨胀终点温度pi1 = pc / (e - 1) * (ylsgb * p / (n2 - 1) * (1 - 1 / e ^ (n2 - 1)) - 1 / (n1 - 1) * (1 - 1 / e ^ (n1 - 1))) pi = fi * pi1 '平均指示压力pm = 0.1 * (Val(Text32.Text)) ^ 0.5 * (1 + n / 1000) '机械损失压力nm = 1 - pm / pi ' 机械效率ni = Int(10000 * 8.314 * m1 * tt * pi / hu / 10 / po / nv) / 10000 '指示热效率gi = 3600000 / hu / ni '指示燃油消耗率ne = nm * ni '有效热效率pe = pi * nm '平均有效压力ge = 3600000 / hu / ne '有效燃油消耗率vh = Int(10000 * 3.14 * (d / 2) ^ 2 * r / 10 ^ 6) / 10000v = Int(10000 * (vh / e + vh)) / 10000nne = i * v * pe * n / 1224Text7(1).Text = "0" & Int(10000 * ni) / 10000Text7(3).Text = Int(100 * gi) / 100Text7(4).Text = "0" & Int(10000 * ne) / 10000Text7(5).Text = Int(1000 * pe) / 1000Text7(6).Text = Int(100 * ge) / 100Text7(7).Text = Int(100 * nne) / 100Text10.Text = pr: Text13.Text = Int(10 * tr) / 10: Text21.Text = "0" & Int(100 * pa) / 100: Text22.Text = Int(ta * 10) / 10Text23.Text = pz: Text24.Text = tz: Text25.Text = tb: Text26.Text = pbText27.Text = pc: Text28.Text = tceee:End SubPrivate Sub Command5_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-10, 120)-(780, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(725, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 115)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.Line (0, po)-(720, po), RGB(0, 220, 0)Picture1.Curr entX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 8: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 129: Picture1.Print "P (bar)"For Y = 10 To 110 Step 10#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = Y: Picture1.Print YNext YPicture1.Line (0, 115)-(-5, 112)Picture1.Line (0, 115)-(5, 112)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 2)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (725, 0)-(716, 2)Picture1.Line (725, 0)-(716, -2)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd IfVa = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)For φx = 3.14 To 6.28 Step 0.0001vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vc '压缩过程pcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, pcx), RGB(0, 400, 200)Next φxVa = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)For φx = 9.42 To 6.28 Step -0.0001vbx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpbx = pb * (Va / vbx) ^ n2φ = φx * 180 / 3.14If pbx <= pz ThenPicture1.PSet (φ + 20, pbx), RGB(400, 0, 220)Else: Picture1.Line (360, pz)-(φ, pz), RGB(400, 100, 0) '做功过程Picture1.Line (360, pc)-(360, pz), RGB(0, 0, 220)End IfNext φxPicture1.Line (540, 2.11)-(720, 2.11)Picture1.Line (360, 54.202)-(360, 86.72), RGB(100, 0, 220)Picture1.Line (360, 86.72)-(380, 86.72), RGB(0, 100, 220)q:End SubPrivate Sub Command6_Click()Dim T, ex, A, C, bx, ea, bPicture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-60, 2600)-(780, -150)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(740, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 2500)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 2500: Picture1.Print "T(K)"For Y = 200 To 2200 Step 200#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -60: Picture1.CurrentY = Y + 30: Picture1.Print YNext YPicture1.Line (0, 2500)-(-5, 2400)Picture1.Line (0, 2500)-(5, 2400)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 40)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -30: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, 25)Picture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, -25)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd Ifb = Val(Text6.Text)For φx = 3.14 * 2 To 3.11 * 2.35 Step 0.0001A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = b - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (b - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ - 120, T), RGB(220, 0, 0)Next φxFor φx = 3.14 To 2 * 3.14 Step 0.0001A = 1 - Co s(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = b - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (b - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ + 120, T), RGB(0, 0, 220)Next φxq:End SubPrivate Sub Command7_Click()Dim T, ex, A, Cm, bx, ea, b, Cu, C1, C2, C, h1, h2, H3Picture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-60, 2000)-(780, -150)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(740, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 1900)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 1900: Picture1.Print "h：W/(m2.K)"For Y = 200 To 1800 Step 200#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -60: Picture1.CurrentY = Y + 30: Picture1.Print Y Next YPicture1.Line (0, 1900)-(-5, 1850)Picture1.Line (0, 1900)-(5, 1850)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 40)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -30: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, 25)Picture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, -25)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd IfC = Val(Text34.Text)Cm = s * 2 / 30: C1 = 2.28 + 0.308 * C: C2 = 3.2 * 10 ^ (-3)d = Val(Text4.Text)A = vh * ta / (pa * 0.03719)For φx = 3.14 To 6.28 Step 0.0001Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1vc = vh / (e - 1)A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = 1.04 - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (1.04 - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)H = 130 * (d * 0.001) ^ (-0.2) * (p * 10) ^ (0.8) * T ^ (-0.53) * (C1 * Cm + C2 * A * (p - 1)) ^ 0.8φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, H), RGB(220, 0, 0)H = H + 456.9Next φxh1 = H / 3.14For φx = 6.28 To 450 * 3.14 / 180 Step 0.0001Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = 1.04 - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (1.04 - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)H = 130 * (d * 0.001) ^ (-0.2) * (p * 10) ^ (0.8) * T ^ (-0.53) * (C1 * Cm + C2 * A * (p - 1)) ^ 0.8φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, H), RGB(0, 0, 220)H = H + 1302.56Next φxh2 = H / 1.07H3 = (h1 + h2) / 2Text35.Text = Int(H3)q:End SubPrivate Sub Command8_Click()Dim tmax, C1, C2, f1, t1, tmax1, ti, fx, fy, dyi, yi, xiPicture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-10, 130)-(130, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 100)-(110, 100): Picture1.Line (52.5, 120)-(52.5, 20)Picture1.CurrentX = 110: Picture1.CurrentY = 105: Picture1.Print "+X"Picture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = 105: Picture1.Print "-X"Picture1.CurrentX = 55: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "-Y"Picture1.CurrentX = 55: Picture1.CurrentY = 20: Picture1.Print "+Y"Picture1.Line (110, 100)-(108, 98): Picture1.Line (110, 100)-(108, 102)Picture1.Line (52.5, 20)-(50.5, 22): Picture1.Line (52.5, 20)-(54.5, 22)'Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(110, 0)' Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 110)' vc = vh / (e - 1)' Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"' Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 1900: Picture1.Print "h：W/(m2.K)"' 'For Y = 0 To 105 Step 5' Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(2, Y)'Picture1.CurrentX = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = Y: Picture1.Print Y' Next Y' Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(-2, 108)' Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(2, 108)' For X = 0 To 105 Step 5' Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 2)' Picture1.CurrentX = X - 3: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print X' Next X'Picture1.Line (110, 0)-(108, 2)' Picture1.Line (110, 0)-(108, -2)Picture1.ForeColor = vbYellowPicture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.Line (52.5, 100)-(100, 100): Picture1.Line (100, 100)-(100, 5): Picture1.Line (100, 5)-(88.6, 5): Picture1.Line (88.6, 5)-(88.6, 80)Picture1.Line (88.6, 80)-(52.5, 80): Picture1.Line (52.5, 80)-(52.5, 100)n = 2000: e = 20: pe = 0.6912: d = 95f1 = 0.2 * d * pe * 10 ^ (-3)t1 = 128 + 4.18 * n * 10 ^ (-2) + (747 + 0.245 * n - (13.6 + 0.45 * n * 10 ^ (-2)) * pe) * pe * 10 ^ (-2)tmax = 0.27 * (3 + e / 16) * Exp(-f1 * t1) * 5000tmax1 = 0.9 * tmaxFor xi = 0 To 47.5 Step 0.1For yi = 0 To 20 Step 1For dyi = 11.4 To 14.25 Step 0.01fx = -(xi * (3 * 95 - 2 * dyi)) / (16 * 95 * (95 - dyi))fy = -yi / (4 * (95 / 15) + 11.4)ti = Exp(fx) * Exp(fy) * tmaxNext dyiNext yiNext xiEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click()Picture1.ClsEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click()EndEnd Sub。
汽油机和柴油机工作过程
汽油机和柴油机工作过程首先，我们来看看汽油机的工作过程。
汽油机是通过将汽油喷入气缸并与空气混合来产生爆炸燃烧来驱动活塞。
汽油机的工作过程分为四个基本阶段：进气、压缩、燃烧和排气。
1.进气阶段：在进气阶段，活塞从上面向下移动，气门打开，汽油和空气混合物从进气阀进入气缸。
同时，活塞下面的曲轴通过连杆与活塞相连，并将活塞的线性运动转换为旋转运动。
2.压缩阶段：在压缩阶段，活塞从下面向上运动，将混合物压缩到气缸的顶部。
这个阶段的目的是提高混合物的压力和温度，以便在燃烧阶段点火。
3.燃烧阶段：在燃烧阶段，混合物被火花塞点燃，产生爆炸燃烧。
这个爆炸能够推动活塞向下，输出功率。
同时，爆炸的压力和温度也推动活塞向下，并产生曲轴旋转运动，从而驱动车辆或机械设备。
4.排气阶段：在排气阶段，气门打开并活塞向上移动，将燃烧产生的废气排出气缸。
废气通过排气管排出，并在后续循环中被系统清除。
相比之下，柴油机的工作过程与汽油机有一些显著的不同。
柴油机是通过将柴油喷入气缸中的高压燃烧室，并在高压下与空气混合而产生自燃燃烧来驱动活塞。
柴油机的工作过程也分为四个基本阶段：进气、压缩、燃烧和排气。
1.进气阶段：在进气阶段，活塞下移，气门打开，使空气进入气缸。
与汽油机不同的是，柴油机没有预混合的燃料和空气，而是只有空气。
2.压缩阶段：在压缩阶段，活塞上升并压缩进入气缸的空气。
柴油机的压缩比通常比汽油机高得多，因为柴油的点燃温度要比汽油高。
3.燃烧阶段：在燃烧阶段，柴油燃料通过喷油器以高压喷入气缸中的高压燃烧室。
柴油燃料的高压和高温使其自燃，产生爆炸燃烧推动活塞向下，并产生曲轴旋转运动。
4.排气阶段：在排气阶段，活塞上升并将燃烧产生的废气从气缸中排出。
与汽油机不同的是，柴油机的废气通常较黑，这是由于柴油的特性决定的。
总结起来，汽油机和柴油机的工作过程都是通过燃烧燃料来驱动活塞，从而产生动力。
然而，两者之间存在一些区别，包括燃料喷入方式、自燃方式和燃烧产生的废气特征。
柴油机每小时油耗计算公式
柴油机每小时油耗计算公式
柴油机每小时油耗计算公式：
每小时油耗 = 每小时工作时间 x 发动机功率 x 燃油消耗率
其中：
每小时工作时间：柴油机运行的小时数，一般以小时为单位统计。
发动机功率：柴油机的额定功率或实际输出功率，单位为千瓦（kW）或马力（HP）。
燃油消耗率：柴油机每小时消耗的燃油量，单位为升/小时或公斤/小时，一般由厂家提供或经实验确定。
例如，某台功率为120 kW的柴油机，在8小时时间内消耗了480升燃油，则其每小时油耗为：
每小时油耗 = 8 x 120 x (480/8) = 7,200 升/小时
注意，以上公式仅为理论计算，实际油耗会受到多种因素的影响，如柴油机的负载、温度、海拔高度、燃油质量等。
因此，在实际使用中，需要结合实际情况进行准确计算。
柴油机工作过程算
图1，计算结果；图2，P-V图图3，P-Φ图图4，P-φ图图5，h-Φ图图6，活塞温度图程序代码：Option ExplicitDim n, nn, pr, po As SingleDim tr, pa, s, d, vh, kkk As Single Dim pab, e, paa, pad, pac As SingleDim tt, T, yy, fa, X, Y, ta As SingleDim nv, n1, tc, jx, pc, fx As SingleDim l, vc, Va, gc, gh, g0 As SingleDim vcx, r, lo, A, mt, m1, m2, u0, u As SingleDim khu, cv1, cv2, tz, ccc, hu, qq, aaa, bbb As SingleDim l8, n2, pz, H, tb, pi1, pi, φx, φ, p As SingleDim fi, pm, nm, ni, gi, ne, pe, ge, nne, i, v, pb, pcx, vbx, pbx As DoubleDim aa(50), ylsgb As SinglePrivate Sub Command4_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.ForeColor = vbGreenPicture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.Scale (-0.1, 99)-(1, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 95) 'y轴Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0.95, 0) 'x轴Picture1.Line (0.93, 1)-(0.95, 0)Picture1.Line (0.93, -1)-(0.95, 0)Picture1.Line (0.015, 94)-(0, 95)Picture1.Line (-0.015, 94)-(0, 95)For i = 1 To 9 Step 1Picture1.Line (0, i * 10)-(0.015, i * 10)Picture1.Line (0.1 * i, 0)-(0.1 * i, -1)Picture1.CurrentX = -0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = 10 * i + 3: Picture1.Print i * 10Picture1.CurrentX = 0.1 * i - 0.04: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "0" & i * 0.1 Next iPicture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = 95: Picture1.Print " P （atm）"Picture1.CurrentX = 0.8: Picture1.CurrentY = 10: Picture1.Print "V （L）"'压缩过程曲线If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo q End Ifvc = vh / eDim X As Single: Dim pcx, vcx As SinglePicture1.DrawWidth = 1.3Picture1.Line (vc, 10 * po)-(0.9, 10 * po)Picture1.Line (vc, po)-(vc, 88)Picture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.ForeColor = vbYellowFor X = v To vc Step -0.0001vcx = Xpcx = pa * (v / vcx) ^ n1Picture1.PSet (vcx, pcx)Next X'燃烧过程曲线Picture1.Line (vcx, pcx)-(vc, pz)'膨胀过程曲线Dim vbx, pbx As SinglePicture1.Line (vc, pz)-(vc * p, pz): vc = vc * pFor X = vc To v Step 0.0001vbx = Xpbx = pz * ((vc / vbx) ^ n2)Picture1.PSet (vbx, pbx)Next X'排气过程曲线Picture1.Line (vbx, pbx)-(v, pa)Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ForeColor = vbRedPicture1.CurrentX = 0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = 8: Picture1.Print "po"Picture1.CurrentX = 0.02: Picture1.CurrentY = 20: Picture1.Print "vc"q:End SubPrivate Sub Command1_Click()s = Val(Text2.Text): d = Val(Text4.Text)n = Val(Text1.Text): po = Val(Text15.Text) / 10:e = Val(Text5.Text): tt = Val(Text17.Text): fa = Val(Text18.Text): r = Val(Text2.Text)l = Val(Text31.Text) / 3.14 / ((d / 2) ^ 2)gc = Val(Text11.Text): gh = Val(Text12.Text): g0 = Val(Text8.Text)A = Val(Text19.Text): mt = Val(Text20.Text): fi = Val(Text9.Text): i = Val(Text3.Text)n1 = Val(Text14.Text): n2 = Val(Text33.Text)'排气过程pr = Int(1000 * 10.8 * po) / 1000: tr = 350 / (1.2 / Log(n) * Log(10) + 0.005 * (e - 3) + 0.01 * (fa - 1)): hu = 42500 '柴油机暂时先赋的值'进气过程paa = n ^ 2 / 520000000pac = ((e - 0.5) ^ 2) / ((e - 1) ^ 2) '残余废气收缩系数暂时取的0.5T = 20 't 进气温升取的20pa = 0.9 * po * 10 '进气压力yy = (tt + T) * pr / tr / (e * pa - pr) ' 残余废气系数yyta = (tt + T + yy * tr) / (1 + yy) '进气温度nv = tt * pa * e * (e * pa - pr) / (tt + T) / (10 * po) / (e - 1) / e / pa '充气系数'压缩过程'平均压缩多变指数pc = Int(100 * (pa * e ^ (n1))) / 100 '压缩终点压力tc = Int(10 * ta * e ^ (n1 - 1)) / 10 '压缩终点温度'燃烧过程lo = 1 / 0.21 * (gc / 12 + gh / 4 - g0 / 32)m1 = A * lo: m2 = A * lo + gh / 4 + g0 / 32u0 = m2 / m1u = (u0 + yy) / (1 + yy) '实际分子变更系数'化学损失khu = 0cv1 = (4.815 + 0.000415 * tc) * 4.1868qq = Val(Text30.Text) '---------------------------qq 热量利用系数选取ccc = (qq * (hu - khu) / m1 / (1 + yy) + cv1 * tc) / uaaa = (3.3 / A + 3.7) * 4.1868 / 10000 '柴油机bbb = (4.8 + 2.2 / A) * 4.1868tz = Int((-bbb + (bbb ^ 2 + 4 * aaa * ccc) ^ 0.5) / 2 / aaa) '燃烧终点温度ylsgb = Val(Text29.Text)p = u * tz / ylsgb / tc '----柴油机预期膨胀比----pz = Int(100 * (ylsgb * pc)) / 100 '最高燃烧压力pb = Int(100 * (pz / (e ^ n2))) / 100 '膨胀终点压力tb = Int(tz / (e ^ (n2 - 1))) '膨胀终点温度pi1 = pc / (e - 1) * (ylsgb * p / (n2 - 1) * (1 - 1 / e ^ (n2 - 1)) - 1 / (n1 - 1) * (1 - 1 / e ^ (n1 - 1))) pi = fi * pi1 '平均指示压力pm = 0.1 * (Val(Text32.Text)) ^ 0.5 * (1 + n / 1000) '机械损失压力nm = 1 - pm / pi ' 机械效率ni = Int(10000 * 8.314 * m1 * tt * pi / hu / 10 / po / nv) / 10000 '指示热效率gi = 3600000 / hu / ni '指示燃油消耗率ne = nm * ni '有效热效率pe = pi * nm '平均有效压力ge = 3600000 / hu / ne '有效燃油消耗率vh = Int(10000 * 3.14 * (d / 2) ^ 2 * r / 10 ^ 6) / 10000v = Int(10000 * (vh / e + vh)) / 10000nne = i * v * pe * n / 1224Text7(1).Text = "0" & Int(10000 * ni) / 10000Text7(3).Text = Int(100 * gi) / 100Text7(4).Text = "0" & Int(10000 * ne) / 10000Text7(5).Text = Int(1000 * pe) / 1000Text7(6).Text = Int(100 * ge) / 100Text7(7).Text = Int(100 * nne) / 100Text10.Text = pr: Text13.Text = Int(10 * tr) / 10: Text21.Text = "0" & Int(100 * pa) / 100: Text22.Text = Int(ta * 10) / 10Text23.Text = pz: Text24.Text = tz: Text25.Text = tb: Text26.Text = pbText27.Text = pc: Text28.Text = tceee:End SubPrivate Sub Command5_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-10, 120)-(780, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(725, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 115)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.Line (0, po)-(720, po), RGB(0, 220, 0)Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 8: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 129: Picture1.Print "P (bar)"For Y = 10 To 110 Step 10#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = Y: Picture1.Print YNext YPicture1.Line (0, 115)-(-5, 112)Picture1.Line (0, 115)-(5, 112)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 2)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (725, 0)-(716, 2)Picture1.Line (725, 0)-(716, -2)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd IfVa = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)For φx = 3.14 To 6.28 Step 0.0001vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vc '压缩过程pcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, pcx), RGB(0, 400, 200)Next φxVa = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)For φx = 9.42 To 6.28 Step -0.0001vbx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpbx = pb * (Va / vbx) ^ n2φ = φx * 180 / 3.14If pbx <= pz ThenPicture1.PSet (φ + 20, pbx), RGB(400, 0, 220)Else: Picture1.Line (360, pz)-(φ, pz), RGB(400, 100, 0) '做功过程Picture1.Line (360, pc)-(360, pz), RGB(0, 0, 220)End IfNext φxPicture1.Line (540, 2.11)-(720, 2.11)Picture1.Line (360, 54.202)-(360, 86.72), RGB(100, 0, 220)Picture1.Line (360, 86.72)-(380, 86.72), RGB(0, 100, 220)q:End SubPrivate Sub Command6_Click()Dim T, ex, A, C, bx, ea, bPicture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-60, 2600)-(780, -150)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(740, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 2500)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Pictur e1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 2500: Picture1.Print "T(K)"For Y = 200 To 2200 Step 200#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -60: Picture1.CurrentY = Y + 30: Picture1.Print YNext YPicture1.Line (0, 2500)-(-5, 2400)Picture1.Line (0, 2500)-(5, 2400)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 40)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -30: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, 25)Picture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, -25)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd Ifb = Val(Text6.Text)For φx = 3.14 * 2 To 3.11 * 2.35 Step 0.0001A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = b - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (b - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ - 120, T), RGB(220, 0, 0)Next φxFor φx = 3.14 To 2 * 3.14 Step 0.0001A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = b - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (b - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ + 120, T), RGB(0, 0, 220)Next φxq:End SubPrivate Sub Command7_Click()Dim T, ex, A, Cm, bx, ea, b, Cu, C1, C2, C, h1, h2, H3Picture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-60, 2000)-(780, -150)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(740, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 1900)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.Curr entX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 1900: Picture1.Print "h：W/(m2.K)"For Y = 200 To 1800 Step 200#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -60: Picture1.CurrentY = Y + 30: Picture1.Print YNext YPicture1.Line (0, 1900)-(-5, 1850)Picture1.Line (0, 1900)-(5, 1850)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 40)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -30: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, 25)Picture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, -25)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd IfC = Val(Text34.Text)Cm = s * 2 / 30: C1 = 2.28 + 0.308 * C: C2 = 3.2 * 10 ^ (-3)d = Val(Text4.Text)A = vh * ta / (pa * 0.03719)For φx = 3.14 To 6.28 Step 0.0001Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = 1.04 - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (1.04 - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)H = 130 * (d * 0.001) ^ (-0.2) * (p * 10) ^ (0.8) * T ^ (-0.53) * (C1 * Cm + C2 * A * (p - 1)) ^ 0.8φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, H), RGB(220, 0, 0)H = H + 456.9Next φxh1 = H / 3.14For φx = 6.28 To 450 * 3.14 / 180 Step 0.0001Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = 1.04 - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (1.04 - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)H = 130 * (d * 0.001) ^ (-0.2) * (p * 10) ^ (0.8) * T ^ (-0.53) * (C1 * Cm + C2 * A * (p - 1)) ^ 0.8φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, H), RGB(0, 0, 220)H = H + 1302.56Next φxh2 = H / 1.07H3 = (h1 + h2) / 2Text35.Text = Int(H3)q:End SubPrivate Sub Command8_Click()Dim tmax, C1, C2, f1, t1, tmax1, ti, fx, fy, dyi, yi, xiPicture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-10, 130)-(130, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 100)-(110, 100): Picture1.Line (52.5, 120)-(52.5, 20)Picture1.CurrentX = 110: Picture1.CurrentY = 105: Picture1.Print "+X"Picture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = 105: Picture1.Print "-X"Picture1.CurrentX = 55: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "-Y"Picture1.CurrentX = 55: Picture1.CurrentY = 20: Picture1.Print "+Y"Picture1.Line (110, 100)-(108, 98): Picture1.Line (110, 100)-(108, 102)Picture1.Line (52.5, 20)-(50.5, 22): Picture1.Line (52.5, 20)-(54.5, 22)'Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(110, 0)' Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 110)' vc = vh / (e - 1)' Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"' Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 1900: Picture1.Print "h：W/(m2.K)"' 'For Y = 0 To 105 Step 5' Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(2, Y)'Picture1.CurrentX = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = Y: Picture1.Print Y' Next Y' Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(-2, 108)' Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(2, 108)' For X = 0 To 105 Step 5' Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 2)' Picture1.CurrentX = X - 3: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print X' Next X'Picture1.Line (110, 0)-(108, 2)' Picture1.Line (110, 0)-(108, -2)Picture1.ForeColor = vbYellowPicture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.Line (52.5, 100)-(100, 100): Picture1.Line (100, 100)-(100, 5): Picture1.Line (100, 5)-(88.6, 5): Picture1.Line (88.6, 5)-(88.6, 80)Picture1.Line (88.6, 80)-(52.5, 80): Picture1.Line (52.5, 80)-(52.5, 100)n = 2000: e = 20: pe = 0.6912: d = 95f1 = 0.2 * d * pe * 10 ^ (-3)t1 = 128 + 4.18 * n * 10 ^ (-2) + (747 + 0.245 * n - (13.6 + 0.45 * n * 10 ^ (-2)) * pe) * pe * 10 ^ (-2)tmax = 0.27 * (3 + e / 16) * Exp(-f1 * t1) * 5000tmax1 = 0.9 * tmaxFor xi = 0 To 47.5 Step 0.1For yi = 0 To 20 Step 1For dyi = 11.4 To 14.25 Step 0.01fx = -(xi * (3 * 95 - 2 * dyi)) / (16 * 95 * (95 - dyi))fy = -yi / (4 * (95 / 15) + 11.4)ti = Exp(fx) * Exp(fy) * tmaxNext dyiNext yiNext xiEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click()Picture1.ClsEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click()EndEnd Sub。
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图1，计算结果；图2，P-V图图3，P-Φ图图4，P-φ图图5，h-Φ图图6，活塞温度图程序代码：Option ExplicitDim n, nn, pr, po As SingleDim tr, pa, s, d, vh, kkk As SingleDim pab, e, paa, pad, pac As SingleDim tt, T, yy, fa, X, Y, ta As SingleDim nv, n1, tc, jx, pc, fx As SingleDim l, vc, Va, gc, gh, g0 As SingleDim vcx, r, lo, A, mt, m1, m2, u0, u As SingleDim khu, cv1, cv2, tz, ccc, hu, qq, aaa, bbb As SingleDim l8, n2, pz, H, tb, pi1, pi, φx, φ, p As SingleDim fi, pm, nm, ni, gi, ne, pe, ge, nne, i, v, pb, pcx, vbx, pbx As DoubleDim aa(50), ylsgb As SinglePrivate Sub Command4_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.ForeColor = vbGreenPicture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.Scale (-0.1, 99)-(1, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 95) 'y轴Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0.95, 0) 'x轴Picture1.Line (0.93, 1)-(0.95, 0)Picture1.Line (0.93, -1)-(0.95, 0)Picture1.Line (0.015, 94)-(0, 95)Picture1.Line (-0.015, 94)-(0, 95)For i = 1 To 9 Step 1Picture1.Line (0, i * 10)-(0.015, i * 10)Picture1.Line (0.1 * i, 0)-(0.1 * i, -1)Picture1.CurrentX = -0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = 10 * i + 3: Picture1.Print i * 10Picture1.CurrentX = 0.1 * i - 0.04: Picture1.CurrentY = -3: Picture1.Print "0" & i * 0.1 Next iPicture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = 95: Picture1.Print " P （atm）"Picture1.CurrentX = 0.8: Picture1.CurrentY = 10: Picture1.Print "V （L）"'压缩过程曲线If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd Ifvc = vh / eDim X As Single: Dim pcx, vcx As SinglePicture1.DrawWidth = 1.3Picture1.Line (vc, 10 * po)-(0.9, 10 * po)Picture1.Line (vc, po)-(vc, 88)Picture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.ForeColor = vbYellowFor X = v To vc Step -0.0001vcx = Xpcx = pa * (v / vcx) ^ n1Picture1.PSet (vcx, pcx)Next X'燃烧过程曲线Picture1.Line (vcx, pcx)-(vc, pz)'膨胀过程曲线Dim vbx, pbx As SinglePicture1.Line (vc, pz)-(vc * p, pz): vc = vc * pFor X = vc To v Step 0.0001vbx = Xpbx = pz * ((vc / vbx) ^ n2)Picture1.PSet (vbx, pbx)Next X'排气过程曲线Picture1.Line (vbx, pbx)-(v, pa)Picture1.DrawWidth = 1Picture1.ForeColor = vbRedPicture1.CurrentX = 0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = 8: Picture1.Print "po"Picture1.CurrentX = 0.02: Picture1.CurrentY = 20: Picture1.Print "vc"q:End SubPrivate Sub Command1_Click()s = Val(Text2.Text): d = Val(Text4.Text)n = Val(Text1.Text): po = Val(Text15.Text) / 10:e = Val(Text5.Text): tt = Val(Text17.Text): fa = Val(Text18.Text): r = Val(Text2.Text)l = Val(Text31.Text) / 3.14 / ((d / 2) ^ 2)gc = Val(Text11.Text): gh = Val(Text12.Text): g0 = Val(Text8.Text)A = Val(Text19.Text): mt = Val(Text20.Text): fi = Val(Text9.Text): i = Val(Text3.Text)n1 = Val(Text14.Text): n2 = Val(Text33.Text)'排气过程pr = Int(1000 * 10.8 * po) / 1000: tr = 350 / (1.2 / Log(n) * Log(10) + 0.005 * (e - 3) + 0.01 * (fa - 1)): hu = 42500 '柴油机暂时先赋的值'进气过程paa = n ^ 2 / 520000000pac = ((e - 0.5) ^ 2) / ((e - 1) ^ 2) '残余废气收缩系数暂时取的0.5T = 20 't 进气温升取的20pa = 0.9 * po * 10 '进气压力yy = (tt + T) * pr / tr / (e * pa - pr) ' 残余废气系数yyta = (tt + T + yy * tr) / (1 + yy) '进气温度nv = tt * pa * e * (e * pa - pr) / (tt + T) / (10 * po) / (e - 1) / e / pa '充气系数'压缩过程'平均压缩多变指数pc = Int(100 * (pa * e ^ (n1))) / 100 '压缩终点压力tc = Int(10 * ta * e ^ (n1 - 1)) / 10 '压缩终点温度'燃烧过程lo = 1 / 0.21 * (gc / 12 + gh / 4 - g0 / 32)m1 = A * lo: m2 = A * lo + gh / 4 + g0 / 32u0 = m2 / m1u = (u0 + yy) / (1 + yy) '实际分子变更系数'化学损失khu = 0cv1 = (4.815 + 0.000415 * tc) * 4.1868qq = Val(Text30.Text) '---------------------------qq 热量利用系数选取ccc = (qq * (hu - khu) / m1 / (1 + yy) + cv1 * tc) / uaaa = (3.3 / A + 3.7) * 4.1868 / 10000 '柴油机bbb = (4.8 + 2.2 / A) * 4.1868tz = Int((-bbb + (bbb ^ 2 + 4 * aaa * ccc) ^ 0.5) / 2 / aaa) '燃烧终点温度ylsgb = Val(Text29.Text)p = u * tz / ylsgb / tc '----柴油机预期膨胀比----pz = Int(100 * (ylsgb * pc)) / 100 '最高燃烧压力pb = Int(100 * (pz / (e ^ n2))) / 100 '膨胀终点压力tb = Int(tz / (e ^ (n2 - 1))) '膨胀终点温度pi1 = pc / (e - 1) * (ylsgb * p / (n2 - 1) * (1 - 1 / e ^ (n2 - 1)) - 1 / (n1 - 1) * (1 - 1 / e ^ (n1 - 1))) pi = fi * pi1 '平均指示压力pm = 0.1 * (Val(Text32.Text)) ^ 0.5 * (1 + n / 1000) '机械损失压力nm = 1 - pm / pi ' 机械效率ni = Int(10000 * 8.314 * m1 * tt * pi / hu / 10 / po / nv) / 10000 '指示热效率gi = 3600000 / hu / ni '指示燃油消耗率ne = nm * ni '有效热效率pe = pi * nm '平均有效压力ge = 3600000 / hu / ne '有效燃油消耗率vh = Int(10000 * 3.14 * (d / 2) ^ 2 * r / 10 ^ 6) / 10000v = Int(10000 * (vh / e + vh)) / 10000nne = i * v * pe * n / 1224Text7(1).Text = "0" & Int(10000 * ni) / 10000Text7(3).Text = Int(100 * gi) / 100Text7(4).Text = "0" & Int(10000 * ne) / 10000Text7(5).Text = Int(1000 * pe) / 1000Text7(6).Text = Int(100 * ge) / 100Text7(7).Text = Int(100 * nne) / 100Text10.Text = pr: Text13.Text = Int(10 * tr) / 10: Text21.Text = "0" & Int(100 * pa) / 100: Text22.Text = Int(ta * 10) / 10Text23.Text = pz: Text24.Text = tz: Text25.Text = tb: Text26.Text = pbText27.Text = pc: Text28.Text = tceee:End SubPrivate Sub Command5_Click()Picture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-10, 120)-(780, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(725, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 115)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.Line (0, po)-(720, po), RGB(0, 220, 0)Picture1.Curr entX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 8: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 129: Picture1.Print "P (bar)"For Y = 10 To 110 Step 10#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -0.1: Picture1.CurrentY = Y: Picture1.Print YNext YPicture1.Line (0, 115)-(-5, 112)Picture1.Line (0, 115)-(5, 112)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 2)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (725, 0)-(716, 2)Picture1.Line (725, 0)-(716, -2)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd IfVa = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)For φx = 3.14 To 6.28 Step 0.0001vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vc '压缩过程pcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, pcx), RGB(0, 400, 200)Next φxVa = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)For φx = 9.42 To 6.28 Step -0.0001vbx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpbx = pb * (Va / vbx) ^ n2φ = φx * 180 / 3.14If pbx <= pz ThenPicture1.PSet (φ + 20, pbx), RGB(400, 0, 220)Else: Picture1.Line (360, pz)-(φ, pz), RGB(400, 100, 0) '做功过程Picture1.Line (360, pc)-(360, pz), RGB(0, 0, 220)End IfNext φxPicture1.Line (540, 2.11)-(720, 2.11)Picture1.Line (360, 54.202)-(360, 86.72), RGB(100, 0, 220)Picture1.Line (360, 86.72)-(380, 86.72), RGB(0, 100, 220)q:End SubPrivate Sub Command6_Click()Dim T, ex, A, C, bx, ea, bPicture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-60, 2600)-(780, -150)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(740, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 2500)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 2500: Picture1.Print "T(K)"For Y = 200 To 2200 Step 200#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -60: Picture1.CurrentY = Y + 30: Picture1.Print YNext YPicture1.Line (0, 2500)-(-5, 2400)Picture1.Line (0, 2500)-(5, 2400)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 40)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -30: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, 25)Picture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, -25)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd Ifb = Val(Text6.Text)For φx = 3.14 * 2 To 3.11 * 2.35 Step 0.0001A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = b - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (b - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ - 120, T), RGB(220, 0, 0)Next φxFor φx = 3.14 To 2 * 3.14 Step 0.0001A = 1 - Co s(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = b - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (b - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ + 120, T), RGB(0, 0, 220)Next φxq:End SubPrivate Sub Command7_Click()Dim T, ex, A, Cm, bx, ea, b, Cu, C1, C2, C, h1, h2, H3Picture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-60, 2000)-(780, -150)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(740, 0)Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 1900)vc = vh / (e - 1)Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 1900: Picture1.Print "h：W/(m2.K)"For Y = 200 To 1800 Step 200#Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(7, Y)Picture1.CurrentX = -60: Picture1.CurrentY = Y + 30: Picture1.Print Y Next YPicture1.Line (0, 1900)-(-5, 1850)Picture1.Line (0, 1900)-(5, 1850)For X = 0 To 720 Step 60Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 40)Picture1.CurrentX = X - 20: Picture1.CurrentY = -30: Picture1.Print X Next XPicture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, 25)Picture1.Line (740, 0)-(733, -25)If vh = 0 ThenMsgBox "请先输入参数,并计算", 0, "提示": GoTo qEnd IfC = Val(Text34.Text)Cm = s * 2 / 30: C1 = 2.28 + 0.308 * C: C2 = 3.2 * 10 ^ (-3)d = Val(Text4.Text)A = vh * ta / (pa * 0.03719)For φx = 3.14 To 6.28 Step 0.0001Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1vc = vh / (e - 1)A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = 1.04 - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (1.04 - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)H = 130 * (d * 0.001) ^ (-0.2) * (p * 10) ^ (0.8) * T ^ (-0.53) * (C1 * Cm + C2 * A * (p - 1)) ^ 0.8φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, H), RGB(220, 0, 0)H = H + 456.9Next φxh1 = H / 3.14For φx = 6.28 To 450 * 3.14 / 180 Step 0.0001Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)vc = vh / (e - 1)vcx = vh / 2 * ((1 - Cos(φx)) + (1 - Cos(2 * φx)) * r * l / 4) + vcpcx = pa * (Va / vcx) ^ n1Va = vh + vh / (e - 1)A = 1 - Cos(φx) + 0.5 * 0.25 * Sin(φx) ^ 2C = 1 / (e - 1)ea = eex = 1 + A / (2 * C)bx = 1.04 - ((352 - φx * 180 / 3.14) / (352 - 400)) ^ 3 * (1.04 - 1)T = (ta * ex * 10) / (pa * ea * bx)H = 130 * (d * 0.001) ^ (-0.2) * (p * 10) ^ (0.8) * T ^ (-0.53) * (C1 * Cm + C2 * A * (p - 1)) ^ 0.8φ = φx * 180 / 3.14Picture1.PSet (φ, H), RGB(0, 0, 220)H = H + 1302.56Next φxh2 = H / 1.07H3 = (h1 + h2) / 2Text35.Text = Int(H3)q:End SubPrivate Sub Command8_Click()Dim tmax, C1, C2, f1, t1, tmax1, ti, fx, fy, dyi, yi, xiPicture1.ClsPicture1.Scale (-10, 130)-(130, -10)Picture1.Line (0, 100)-(110, 100): Picture1.Line (52.5, 120)-(52.5, 20)Picture1.CurrentX = 110: Picture1.CurrentY = 105: Picture1.Print "+X"Picture1.CurrentX = 0: Picture1.CurrentY = 105: Picture1.Print "-X"Picture1.CurrentX = 55: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "-Y"Picture1.CurrentX = 55: Picture1.CurrentY = 20: Picture1.Print "+Y"Picture1.Line (110, 100)-(108, 98): Picture1.Line (110, 100)-(108, 102)Picture1.Line (52.5, 20)-(50.5, 22): Picture1.Line (52.5, 20)-(54.5, 22)'Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(110, 0)' Picture1.Line (0, 0)-(0, 110)' vc = vh / (e - 1)' Picture1.CurrentX = 680: Picture1.CurrentY = 120: Picture1.Print "φ(°AC)"' Picture1.CurrentX = 10: Picture1.CurrentY = 1900: Picture1.Print "h：W/(m2.K)"' 'For Y = 0 To 105 Step 5' Picture1.Line (0, Y)-(2, Y)'Picture1.CurrentX = -8: Picture1.CurrentY = Y: Picture1.Print Y' Next Y' Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(-2, 108)' Picture1.Line (0, 110)-(2, 108)' For X = 0 To 105 Step 5' Picture1.Line (X, 0)-(X, 2)' Picture1.CurrentX = X - 3: Picture1.CurrentY = -2: Picture1.Print X' Next X'Picture1.Line (110, 0)-(108, 2)' Picture1.Line (110, 0)-(108, -2)Picture1.ForeColor = vbYellowPicture1.DrawWidth = 1.5Picture1.Line (52.5, 100)-(100, 100): Picture1.Line (100, 100)-(100, 5): Picture1.Line (100, 5)-(88.6, 5): Picture1.Line (88.6, 5)-(88.6, 80)Picture1.Line (88.6, 80)-(52.5, 80): Picture1.Line (52.5, 80)-(52.5, 100)n = 2000: e = 20: pe = 0.6912: d = 95f1 = 0.2 * d * pe * 10 ^ (-3)t1 = 128 + 4.18 * n * 10 ^ (-2) + (747 + 0.245 * n - (13.6 + 0.45 * n * 10 ^ (-2)) * pe) * pe * 10 ^ (-2)tmax = 0.27 * (3 + e / 16) * Exp(-f1 * t1) * 5000tmax1 = 0.9 * tmaxFor xi = 0 To 47.5 Step 0.1For yi = 0 To 20 Step 1For dyi = 11.4 To 14.25 Step 0.01fx = -(xi * (3 * 95 - 2 * dyi)) / (16 * 95 * (95 - dyi))fy = -yi / (4 * (95 / 15) + 11.4)ti = Exp(fx) * Exp(fy) * tmaxNext dyiNext yiNext xiEnd SubPrivate Sub Command3_Click()Picture1.ClsEnd SubPrivate Sub Command2_Click()EndEnd Sub。