lecture10谓语选择
Lecture 10汉译英谓语的处理
Lecture 10
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汉译英中谓语的处理
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 8、这时寂静无声。 • silent / silence • 参考译文：It is very quiet at the moment. • 9、屋里有一位客人。 • 参考译文：There is a guest in the room.
• 2、这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。 • There will build more apartment buildings. • Many more apartment buildings will be constructed here. • 参考译文：More apartment buildings will be built here.
Lecture 10
汉译英中谓语的处理
• ―You mean me? Well, yes, I think I could make people dance to my tune. But today it’s another story. It’s not me but others who have changed. People’s moods change everyday.‖
Lecture 9
After-class exercises
• 11、只有慎之又慎，才能避免犯不必要的 错误。 • The more cautions you pay, the less mistakes you will make. • Only if we being very careful, can we get rid of some errors. • 参考译文：Being very careful, you (we) can avoid making unnecessary mistakes.
英语谓语部分讲解
Lecture 2 Predicate (谓语部分)Unit 1 动词短语形式的谓语1. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. (2002-2-1)这种强迫行为产生了机器人学种将人类的各种能力赋予机器的科学。
Unit 2 主谓分离的谓语1. This development—and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead 一has enthroned the South as Americans most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting (1998-4-2)这个发展——以及它对未来美国政治经济的巨响——已经使南方第一次成为美国全国人口普查史上人口最稠密的地区。
Unit 3 强调形式的谓语1. However，the playgoers do manage a little sightseeing along with their playgoing. (2006-2-3)然而，观看演出的人的确设法在观看演出的同时进行一点观光。
2. Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. (2003-1-4)当然，公开来源的谍报活动的确存在风险，因为很难把有价值和无价值的信息加以区分。
3. Nevertheless, word “amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. (2001-1-2)但是“业余”这个词的确具有其内含，即所涉及的人没有完全融人科学的群体，具体地说，他也许不完全认同这个群体的观念。
高考英语选择题答题技巧
高考英语选择题答题技巧高考英语选择题答题技巧导语：英语学习是一个长期奋斗的过程，只有策略、技巧和方法是不够的,还必须有刻苦学习的恒心和毅力。
如果没有奋斗的激情，离开坚持不懈的努力，我们很难获得成功。
为了让各位同学距离成功更迈向一大步，下面小编分享高考英语选择题答题技巧给大家，欢迎大家阅读参考!1. 找准关键词语有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语，如果能迅速找准这些词语，再结合各选项的意义和特点，就能很快选出正确答案。
例如：The Foreign Minister said, \"_______ our hope that the two sideswill work towards peace.\"A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is解析：在名词性从句中，that既无词义，也不作句子成分，连接一个句子成分完整的陈述句。
根据句意和句子结构，特别是that的暗示，可判断题干为一个含有主语从句的复合句，句首的it为形式主语，真正的主语为其后的that从句，故最佳答案为D。
2. 分析句子结构有些试题的考点本来十分简单，但命题者却通过使用定语从句，或者将我们熟悉的固定词组有意拆分，重新组合，使我们在结构上产生错觉，出现迷惑。
这时，我们只要保持清醒的头脑，仔细分析句子的.结构，就会拨开迷雾。
例如：We keep in touch _____ writing often。
A. withB. ofC. onD. by解析：许多同学根据keep in touch with(与....。
.保持联系)这一搭配推断出此题应选A。
但是选A错了，因为套此搭配此句意思不通，正确答案应是D，by 表示方式，bywriting 意为\"通过写信\"，全句意为\"我们通过经常写信保持联系\"。
请再看两例：(1) We\'ve talked a lot _____ cars. What about trains?A. ofB. withC. aboutD. in解析：由于受 a lot of 这一常用结构的影响，许多同学毫不犹豫地选了A，但是错了。
高考英语语法主谓一致专题讲解练习含答案
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。
语法一致原则语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
►To study French well is not easy.学好法语不容易。
►What he said is very important for us all.他说的话对我们大家很重要。
【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
►What I bought were three Chinese books.我买的是三本中文书。
►What I say and do are helpful to you.我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。
2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。
►Both she and he are middle school students.他和她都是中学生。
【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
►The writer and artist has come.那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。
►To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
►No boy and no girl likes it.男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。
高考英语真题分项解读：专题01 谓语动词真题汇编 (解析版)
专题01 谓语动词真题汇编（19-23）养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
1．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.A．distribute B．distributedC．are distributed D．were distributed【答案】D【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。
句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。
分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。
故选D项。
2．（2022·天津·高考真题）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.A．prepare B．preparesC．is preparing D．are preparing【答案】B【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。
谓语动词分类
谓语动词分类网络知识结构P严宾涪屮芨物动词丰Y 双宾语心.复台宾语P 子及物动词*I 系动词：be, seem, mm, become 等十表语 [doing QI be + [^done^助动词 have +J done 中 \ | been doing *do ( does, did>'vvw>-牡-/,will shall, would, should*-1X. wwvw*-宀_/W 态动词 i may. can, must, might, could^1. 行为动词(实义动词)：实义动词词义完整，能独立作 谓语，可分成：及物动词(transitive verb )和不及物动 词(intransitive verb )。
及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb )。
英语中的及物动词有： interest ，worry ， guess,please,surprise,love 等 “ How long can I keep the book ” Harry ask 里问：这本书我可以借多久 ？”不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词( intransitive verb )。
Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
It happe ned in June 1932. 这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
1 •及物动词要求有宾语①Mr . Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday .史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。
② He asked the teacher a few questio ns .他向老师问了几个问题。
③ We have frie nds all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。
成人学位英语考试词汇语法选择试题与答案 (8)
学位英语词汇、结构、语法专项提升练习1．The cost of living in big cities ________ steadily for many years，and it has led some youths to drop out of the big city race.A．is climbingB．is being climbedC．has been climbingD．has been climbedC【答案】C【详解】考查时态。
句意：许多年以来，大城市的生活费用稳步增高，这导致许多年轻人逃离了大城市。
表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时，故选C。
2．Our capacity for innovation is not strong, and our weakness _____ core technologies for key fields remains a vital problem.A．in response toB．in line withC．in face ofD．in terms ofD【答案】D考查介词短语辨析。
句意：我们的创新能力并不强，我们在关键领域的核心科技的弱点依然是个重要的问题。
in response to响应，回答; in line with…与…一致，相符; in face of…面对；in terms of 在…方面。
指在某方面的弱点,故选D。
3．It was nearly a week _______ the rescue team located the crashed plane.A．sinceB．beforeC．untilD．afterB【答案】B【详解】考查时间状语从句。
A. since自从；B. before在……之前；C. until直到；D. after 在……之后。
句意：救援队花了将近一周的时间才找到坠毁的飞机。
张道真英语语法(第三版)(精华版)课件lecture 10非谓语动词补充知识点
三、分词
（一）固定用法
有的分词在句子中并没有逻辑主语，而是一种习惯 表达，如：
• Judging from his face, he must be ill.
• Generally speaking, boys are more interested in football games than girls.
• I have a lot of clothes to be washed. 我有很多衣服要洗（找别人洗）。
• Do you have anything to take to your parents? 你有东西要带给你父母吗？（自己带）
• Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? 你有东西要带给你父母吗？（别人带）
We have no choice but to turn back.
We could do nothing but obey the order. 但固定用法can't help but do sth.=have to do
不得不做，只能做 4.Why not...后面的动词不定式符号to省略。 5.情态动词（除ought外， ought to do） 6. would rather， had better
3. 不定式做状语
（1）放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
• wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
• right：To save money, he has tried every means.
（2）表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之 外)： 常放在 only后
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谓语的多主动式VS多被动式
1. 问题解决了。 2. 大家都觉得这样做不妥。 3. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。
4. 明天下午两点开教学研究会，全体教
师务必参加。
谓语的多主动式VS多被动式
1. The problem has been solved. 2. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 3. Measures have to be taken to control the water pollution. 4. There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2：00 p. m. tomorrow．All the faculty is expected to attend．
谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. （日本派大批的留学生，到中国来学习中国文化。）自 然，他们也学会了中国的饮茶。 Accordingly, they became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking. 2. 到去麦当劳去吃什么? 有人总结说：吃时髦，吃清洁， 吃快捷，吃氛围，吃气派，吃档次，吃高雅。闹了半天， 还没有涉及“吃饱肚子”。 For what do we go to the McDonald‟s? Summarized are the following answers: for its popularity, for its remarkable cleanness, for its instant services, for its exotic atmosphere, for showing off, for its super quality, for its elegant consumption. With so many “fors”, yet we have not come to “for our stomach”. (曾利沙译)
• 金杯牌汽床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造 型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方 便． • The “Golden Cup” brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology. With novel structure, beautiful shape and various patterns , they are comfortable and convenient to carry.
• 原文若是形容词短语，名词短语，数量词或介 词短语作谓语，译文中常常采用系表结构作谓 语． 你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效，经久耐 用又经济实惠，适合高中学生使用． You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.
After-class practice for last lecture
1. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person. 2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3. but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. 4. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide.
主谓一致+时态+语气
1. 改革和开放也使民族精神获得了新的解放。 Reforms and the open-up policy have also further emancipated the minds of the people. 2. 他过去的那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么 时候你都不会忘记。 He had a face that once you saw is never forgotten. 3. （三中全会的政策）谁想变也变不了。 No one could change this even if he wanted to. 4. 她的独子让车给轧了。 Her only son was run over by a car.
谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. 你的教学科研取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而自满。 You have made great progress in teaching and research but you should guard against complacency． 2. 汉语部不仅教中国学生汉语和中国文学课，还招收学习 汉语的外国留学生。 The Chinese Program offers not only Chinese and Chinese Literature for Chinese students but courses for international students of Chinese. 3. 本书精选中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故 事。 The book consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26 minority nationalities in the south of China.
After-class practice for last lecture
5. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. 6. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. 7. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, 8. they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around.
汉英主谓结构的差别
汉语的分析型(analytic)语言VS. 英语的综合型(synthetic)语言 汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的 单一谓语成分 汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓 语的多被动式
分析型语言VS综合型语言
汉语分析型语言典型特征： 1. 无词尾屈折变化 (inflection) 2. 词没有阳性和阴性的变化，没有表阳性和阴性 的词缀 英语综合型语言有丰富的屈折变化形式： 1. table／tables 2. run／ran／run 3. the boy„s 4. She sings beautifully. 汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈 外显性(overtness)
3. Fast food is not wholesome, after all.
4. Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful. 5. History is made by the people. 6. He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles and looting the goods by killing the drivers with his gun.
• 汉语句子中的谓语可以是一个主谓词组，而英 语的句子不可以用主谓词组充当谓语．例如： • 他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直． The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright. • 武汉这个地方，我认为比深圳好． I think WuHan is better than Shenzhen.
确定谓语的原则
1. 谓语要和主语保持人称、数的一致； 2. 谓语要明示汉语隐含的时态、情态和语气； 3. 原文若为有形式标志的被动式，译文宜用被动式作谓语； 4. 原文若为无形式标志的被动式，译文亦选择被动式作谓语； 5. 若不知原文谓语动作的发出者是谁，或者原文的主语为 “人们”、“大家”等，或者句中含有 “据传”、“据 悉”等字眼，译文的谓语常用以 “it” 为形式主语的被动 句式； 6. 谓语要符合英语表达习惯和语体特征。 7. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当 8. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
After-class practice for last lecture
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
不同的人对退休持不同的态度。 有些人认为退休后可享受晚年的生活。 但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。 看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找 事干来发挥自己的余热，以继续得到收入。 另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。 他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放 松拉紧的弦，好好休息。 由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级忧 虑。 就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画 画图、种种花、周游各地。
谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性
1. 她的未婚夫快餐食品并不健康！