考研英语长难句分析详解-必考点[名师版]
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析 形式主语
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语Perhaps we know more about the world than we used to, and insofar as knowledge is prerequisite to understanding, that's all to the good. But knowledge is not as much a prerequisite to understanding as is commonly supposed.【翻译】也许比起过去，我们现在对世界知道得更多了，并且只要知道是理解的前提，那就没啥问题。
但是知道并不像人们通常想像的那样，真的就是理解的前提。
【语法分析】第一句是一个并列复合句。
首先，在大的层面上，它是一个并列句，用and连接起来。
其次，在小的层面上，第一个分句是一个主从复合句，Perhaps we know more about the world 是主句，than we used to是一个比较状语从句。
在这里used to表示“过去曾经”，后面省略了know.所以，这是一个并列复合句。
第二个分句也是主从复合句，that's all to the good是主句，意思是“那就是好的，没问题的”。
主句前面的句子是条件状语从句，insofar as就是in so far as, insofar 是一个介词短语，加上as后，意思是to the extent that，“到......的程度”，“在......的范围内”，我们可以把insofar as看成是一个连词，引导一个条件状语从句。
所以这句话的意思就是“在知道是理解的前提这个范围之内，上面那句话确实是对的。
”并列句与并列复合句的区别，就是并列句的两个分句都是简单句。
而并列复合句是至少有一个分句是主从复合句。
第二句是一个主从复合句。
as is commonly supposed是一个比较状语从句，用as ... as表示比较，前面是主句。
考研英语长难句66句(含详细解析)
1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破：cognitive 认知的（后天习得的）Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得；Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。
主干识别：句子的主语是This success和later research ；谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语；more…than结构翻译为与其说，不如说。
微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。
译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。
2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破：visualize 想象Figure out 发现和找出Suits 使…适合主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语；动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
名师版考研英语长难句分析详细讲解含全考点必考点
名师版考研英语长难句分析详细讲解含全考点必考点Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.重点词汇board membership董事会成员eliten.精英scoop up占据句子成分分析翻译讲解Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.【参考译文】艾丽丝•李在《新共和》杂志上撰文指出，增加董事会成员的机会而不增加在这样的董事会任职的胜任女性的人数导致了一种“金裙子”现象，即同一位精英女性在不同董事会占据多个席位。
长难句The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.重点词汇drasticadj.激烈的photocopiern.复印机thoroughlyadv.完全地paywalledadj.付费的句子成分分析翻译讲解The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.【参考译文】最激烈的、完全非法的反应是科幻中心的出现，它是一种全球论文的复印机，建立于2012年，它现在声称可以访问自2015年以来发布的所有付费文章。
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文名师版
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文名师版Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them.词汇突破:marketer [ˈmɑːrkɪtər]n. [贸易] 市场商人；市场营销人员embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs]vt. 拥抱；信奉，皈依；包含vi. 拥抱n. 拥抱结构分析:句子的主干是Marketers have embraced the two-step flow，because 引导一个原因状语从句，从句中that 引导的从句为宾语从句，作suggests 的宾语，if they can just find and influence the influentials 是一个条件状语从句。
参考译文:营销人员接受了两步流程，因为它表明，只要他们能够找到并影响有影响力的人，那些有选择的人就会为他们完成大部分工作。
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramaticabout-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.词汇突破:curb [kɜːrb]n. 抑制；路边；勒马绳vt. 控制；勒住about-facen. （思想、态度、行为等）彻底改变；向后转（同about-turn）v. 向后转（同about-turn）pool [puːl]n. 联营；撞球；水塘；共同资金vi. 联营，合伙经营vt. 合伙经营mutual-fund assets共同投资资产结构分析:本句的主干结构是Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析前置引用
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析前置引用That，of course，is too simple. The reason is that there are two possible relations between your mind and the book, not just one. These two relations are exemplified by two different experiences that you can have in reading your book.【翻译】那样想当然太简单了。
原因是在你的大脑和书之间有两种可能的关系，而不仅仅是一种关系。
这两种关系可以通过两种不同的经历来加以例证，这两种不同的经历是你在读书的时候体验到的。
【语法分析】第一句是一个简单句，主系表。
注意这里的主语that指的是上一段的最后一句话，也就是your success in reading it is determined by the extent to which you receive everything the writer intended to communicate.作者的意思是，如果你要那样想，那就太简单，太肤浅了，就想错了。
第二句是一个主从复合句，也是一个主系表结构。
但是它的表语是一个由that引导的表语从句。
表语从句是一个there be句型。
第三句也是一个主从复合句，被动语态。
介词短语by two different experiences是状语。
在experiences的后面还跟了一个定语从句that you can have in reading your book，修饰前面的experiences.(你在读书时可能会体验到的经历)。
You have a mind. Now let us suppose that you also have a book that you want to read. The book consists of language written by someone for the sake of communicating something to you. Your success in reading it is determined by the extent to which you receive everything the writer intended to communicate.【翻译】小标题: 阅读的目的: 为了获取信息而阅读，以及为了理解而阅读你有一个大脑。
名校版考研英语长难句分析详细讲解必考点
名校版考研英语长难句分析详细讲解含全考点必考点The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.重点词汇climaten.气候hastenv.催促/催熟emitv.释放/排放句子成分分析The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.【参考译文】我们正在加速的气候变化总有一天会给我们留下，与他们的吸收相比，排放更多的二氧化碳的森林。
长难句I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, because I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.重点词汇fitnessn.健身trainv.锻炼训练scale句子成分分析翻译讲解I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, because I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.【参考译文】在实现特定健身目标方面我也取得了更大的成功，因为我正在根据这些目标进行锻炼，而不是称上的数值。
长难句A different and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterizedby purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed.重点词汇exclusiveadj.独有的predictionn.预测wastelandn.荒地句子成分分析翻译讲解A different and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterized by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed.【参考译文】一种与其不同但并不矛盾的预言认为，未来将是另一种荒芜之地，一个以“漫无目的”为特征的荒芜之地：没了工作赋予生活以意义，人们只会变得懒惰、消沉。
名师版考研英语-长难句分析详细讲解含全考点必考点
名师版考研英语长难句分析详细讲解含全考点必考点Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.重点词汇backyardn.后院potentialadj.潜在的可能的句子成分分析翻译讲解Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they're being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.【参考译文】Bailey说，询问他们对未来的住宅后院的喜好，会让他们感觉自己参与了决策过程。
“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity—where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them," says Quinmn.重点词汇multipleadj.多个的reciprocaladj.相互的互惠的previouslyadv.之前地句子成分分析翻译讲解“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation, including what is referred to as direct reciprocity—where a rat will help another rat that has previously helped them," says Quinmn.【参考译文】有研究表明，老鼠会进行多种多样形式的互助及合作，其中包括被称为直接互惠的行为，即老鼠会帮助曾经帮助过自己的另一只老鼠。
考研英语长难句分析详解必考点[名师版]
考研英语长难句分析详解及阅读解析，必考点[名师版]Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.1. 本句话的谓语动词为can hinder，主语从前往后找为transient investors，宾语a firm’s efforts；2. 主谓之间出现了一个who引导的从句，为定语从句，用来修饰主语，理解时需要前置；3. 宾语后有to do不定式的并列作定语用来修饰前面的名词efforts，理解时可以前置4. 要求公司获得高季度利润的临时投资者可能会阻碍公司投资长期研究或建立客户忠诚度的努力。
Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.1. 本句主干的谓语动词为is，主语Grade inflation，主谓之间有破折号引出的内容为同位语，对主语进行解释说明；2. 主句部分出现了多个短语做修饰，宾语后of a consumer era为介词短语作定语修饰product，in higher education 为介词短语也是用来稀释前门面的product；3. 同位语部分，有in的介词短语，以及over引导的介词短语，分别为修饰语，理解时需要前置4. 后半句有一个in which引导的定语从句，通过语义可判断用来修饰consumer era，从句最后面to be pleased为to do不定式用来修饰customers；5. 成绩通胀，即：过去几十年中平均GPA（平均绩点）的逐渐增加，通常被认为是高等教育消费时代的产物，在这种时代，学生被视为需要被取悦的客户。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。
注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
考研英语必考长难句与核心词汇详解
考研英语必考长难句与核心词汇详解Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. (2019 TEXT3 英语二)词汇词组击破：Congress：n 国会obstruct：v 阻止，阻挠straightforward：adj 简便的，直截了当的visa：n签证foreseeable：adj 可预见的agricultural: adj 农业的句子拆解：4. perceive v.察觉,感知;理解解析：per(through)+ceive(take—拿；理解)----彻底理解5. conceive v. 构思,想象;怀有,孕育解析：con(together)+ceive (take—拿；理解)---- 把想法汇总到脑子里真题搭配：conceive children: 怀孕6.crisis n.危机,紧要关头真题搭配：economic crisis: 经济危机7. origin n.起源,由来真题搭配：Origin of Species ：物种起源8. original a.最初的,原文的n.原物,原作9. originate v. 起源,发生真题搭配：originate in= originate from: 起源于10. diffuse v.扩散;传播真题搭配：the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress找到分散压力方法的重要性1. abide v. 遵守；坚持真题搭配：abide by: 遵守，坚持2. conform v. 遵守；相似，一致解析：con(together)+form(形式）----形式上都一致真题搭配：conform to = abide by3. confirm v. 证实;批准解析：con(together)+firm（坚定的)---- 全部都很坚定4. adhere v粘着；坚持，遵守真题搭配：adhere to= conform to = abide by5. poverty n.贫穷,贫困引申：poor: adj 贫穷的6. confess v. 承认，坦白，忏悔解析：con(together)+fess(说)---全部都说了7. deliberate a.深思熟虑的,故意的，刻意的真题搭配：the deliberate educating of the young ：对年轻人的有目的的教育8. confer v.商讨；赋予，授予解析：con(together)+fer(take)---拿到一起—商讨引申：conference: n 会议；conferment: n 赋予，授予9. respective a.各自的,各个的引申：respectively: adv 分别地，各自地（图表作文写作词汇）10. portray v.描写，描述；画。
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考研英语长难句分析详解及阅读解析，必考点[名师版]句一：Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.本句总共包含25个单词，整体结构上，我们可以发现这个句子包括一个由从属连词when引导的定语从句和approaching 40%.....动词短语构成的后置定语。
接下来我们将具体展开讨论该句：1.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations,routinely：例行地，照例地，常规地，profit margins:利润率；approaching 40% on their operations为动词ing短语做后置定语，修饰前面的名词profit margins，理解为：在他们的运营下接近百分之四十的利润率理解：科学（类别）的出版商一如既往地汇报在他们的运营下接近于40%的利润率at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.在整个句子中，at a time.....充当的是时间状语的成分，此处包含了一个由从属连词when引导的定语从句，when定语从句修饰限定前面的名词timeexistential ：存在主义的，有关存在的, publishing industry：出版业理解为：在一个出版业其他出版商都在处于生存危机的一个时期整句：当其他出版商都还在处于生存危机的时候，科学的出版商照常汇报自己的经营利润率将近40%。
句二：The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than ￡900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than￡210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;本句总共包含43个单词，整个句子包括一个由which引导的定语从句和while引导的让步状语从句，本句主干为The Dutch giant Elsevier made profits of more than ￡900m last year。
*Elsevier是科技医学出版商和分析服务提供商，拥有包括《柳叶刀》、《细胞》等顶尖医学期刊在内的3万多本图书和2500多本学术期刊，以及二次文献和引文数据库Scopus；Dutch荷兰，主干部分理解：荷兰巨头Elsevier去年盈利达9亿多英镑1.which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world 定语从句由从属连词which引导，which在从句中充当主语的成分，修饰Elsevier;从句中produced in the world为动词过去分词短语做名词scientific papers的后置定语，全球产出的科学论文；理解为：宣称出版了全球25%产出的文章2.while UK universities alone spent more than ￡210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research:while引导让步状语从句，publicly funded research：公共资助的研究；理解为：然而2016年仅仅是英国的大学就花了超过2.1亿英镑让其研究人员获得他们自己的公共资助研究。
整句：荷兰巨头Elsevier，宣称发表了全球25%的科学论文，去年盈利达9亿多英镑，然而在2016年仅仅是英国的大学就花了超过2.1亿英镑让其研究人员获得他们自己的公共资助研究成果。
2022-(47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters..【词汇】list v. 列举，列出；document n. 文档，文件；code n. 密码，编码；capture v. 俘获，缴获；reveal v. 揭露，揭示；headquarter n. 总部。
【结构】面对比较长的句子，可以考虑先断句，把句子分成几个长度适中的语法结构，分别理解，我们可以根据标点（逗号）和从属连词（that）将这句话分成四个结构：结构1：It listed many documents in code结构2：that had been captured from the French army of Spain,结构3：and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell,结构4：an officer in British headquarters这句话的断句比较明显，逗号和从属连词断句，结构4可断可不断，如长度不影响理解，可以将结构4并入结构3中。
结构1为句子主句，理解起来比较直观，“It listed many documents”分别为主谓宾结构，意为“它列出了许多文件”，in code 为介词短语修饰名词documents，可翻译至documents 之前，整个部分意为“它列出了许多密码文件”。
结构2和结构3为并列的两个从句，分别由that 和whose 引导，可以观察他们的位置，都在名词“密码文件”之后，因此两从句都为定语从句，修饰documents。
翻译时可以灵活处理，既可以将定语从句翻译至名词前，也可以顺译单独成句。
结构2意为“从西班牙的法军那里缴获”，因此可前置翻译为“从西班牙的法军那里缴获的密码文件。
”结构3为whose做关系词引导的定语从句，修饰documents，指“这些文件的秘密被乔治·斯科维尔的工作所揭露”，需注意whose的使用表明documents 和secrets 之间形成从属关系，指的是“这些文件的秘密”。
结构4为同位语解释前面的人名，意为“英国总部的一位军官”。
【翻译】将以上四部分的翻译进行整合和调整，最终译文为：它列出了从西班牙的法军那里缴获的许多密码文件，而英国总部的一位军官乔治·斯科维尔的工作揭露了这些文件的秘密。
1. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, // and have given us a situation // where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, // even at times and in regions // where unemployment is high.（2021 英二text 1）【断句分析】利用标点+连词断句。
1. 第一个逗号可断开；2. 第一个where为从属连词，可断开；3. 第二个逗号后还有连词even，也可断开；4. 第二个where同样为从属连词，可断句。
【语法要点】介词短语作后置定语；定语从句；让步状语从句【难点分析】1. 本句主干部分为并列结构：Efforts have been arguably languid at best and have given us a situation。
2.其他内容则为修饰部分：①in Canada and elsewhere为后置定语修饰主语efforts（判断方式：主谓之间通常为定语）。
②where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers为定语从句修饰名词situation（where作定语从句，修饰名词必须为地点名词，可以是具体地点，也可以是抽象地点）。
③even at times and in regions where unemployment is high为even（即使）引导的让步状语从句。
④在最后的even从句中，where又一次为地点状语从句，修饰的先行词为名词短语times and aregions。
【词汇积累】【参考译文】加拿大和其他地方付出的努力充其量可以说是迟缓无力的，这也带给了我们一种情况——即使处于失业率很高的时期和地区，我们也会频繁听到雇主急需员工。
2. That seems to be the case in Sweden: // When forced to furlough 90 percent of their cabin staff, // Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program// that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff. 【断句分析】1. 利用标点冒号和逗号断句。
2. 利用从属连词that断句。
【语法要点】介词短语作后置定语；时间状语；定语从句；目的状语【难点分析】1. 第一部分为一个完整句子，结构为主系表，其中in Sweden为后置定语，修饰名词case。
2. 第二部分为when引导V-ed短语的时间状语，该状语本质为省略主语（Scandinavian Airlines北欧航空）的时间状语从句，因为从句主语和主句主语一致，故省略从句主语，最终以短语作状语形式体现。
3. 第三部分为冒号后的主句，属于主谓宾结构。
4. 第四部分为that引导的定语从句，引导词that在从句中作主语，且本从句修饰先行词a short retraining program；其中最后一部分为to do短语作目的状语。