(完整版)2013汉英翻译谓语选择
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汉英翻译---谓语的选择 (1)
Chinese-English Translation
Selection of Predicates
Chinese-English Translation
汉英翻译之“谓语的选择”
翻译要点1：找到主谓结构
• 主谓结构&主次分明 • 翻译时应注意： • 1. 找到主谓结构，就确定了句子的中轴
• 孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。
翻译要点3：注意主谓搭配
• 3. 注意主谓搭配 • Improve the following sentences:
• 1. 你的教学科研取得了很大的进步。 • Your teaching and research has made great progress. • 2. 现在人们的生活离开不了电视。 • Now people’s life can’t leave TV.
• 我今天又累又失望。 a ___________________________ long and rather disappointing day, so… • I’ve had
根据主语调整谓语
• 我今天的糟糕表现可能是功夫史上之 最了。也是中国历史之最，糟糕历史 之最！ proபைடு நூலகம்ably sucked more today than anyone in • I ____________________________ the history of Kung Fu… _____________________________ in the history of China…. in the history of sucking.
Movie Lines Translation
Kong Fu Panda
根据主语调整谓语
Selection of Predicates
Chinese-English Translation
汉英翻译之“谓语的选择”
翻译要点1：找到主谓结构
• 主谓结构&主次分明 • 翻译时应注意： • 1. 找到主谓结构，就确定了句子的中轴
• 孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。
翻译要点3：注意主谓搭配
• 3. 注意主谓搭配 • Improve the following sentences:
• 1. 你的教学科研取得了很大的进步。 • Your teaching and research has made great progress. • 2. 现在人们的生活离开不了电视。 • Now people’s life can’t leave TV.
• 我今天又累又失望。 a ___________________________ long and rather disappointing day, so… • I’ve had
根据主语调整谓语
• 我今天的糟糕表现可能是功夫史上之 最了。也是中国历史之最，糟糕历史 之最！ proபைடு நூலகம்ably sucked more today than anyone in • I ____________________________ the history of Kung Fu… _____________________________ in the history of China…. in the history of sucking.
Movie Lines Translation
Kong Fu Panda
根据主语调整谓语
汉英翻译课件之 谓语确定
Two thirds of the swampland has/have been reclaimed for farming. Forth minus fifteen leaves/leave twenty-five. Seven plus/and five makes/make twelve. All of the cargo was/were lost. All of the crew were/was saved.
句子翻译之谓语确定
英汉谓语之比较
英语句子谓语只有动词和动词词组才能充当； She was smiling. He likes translation. They have become health-conscious. John is at home. We gave him advice. We consider that plan wonderful. He has put the salt on the table. The children might have been playing in the garden. I agree with you on that point. In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.
学校教育不仅要抓智育，更要重视德育。 Schools must provide students not only sound intellectual training, but, more importantly, moral development.
2 汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来
大学在推动经济增长方面的作用已是有目共睹。 Already, the university’s role as an engine of economic growth is well recognized. 我们的国防变得越来越巩固和强大。 Our national defence becomes more and more consolidatory and powerful. 他在会上说的话非常正确，非常有说服力。 What he said at the meeting is very right and persuasive. 他们ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ言语和行动充满了信心和自豪。 They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.
2013 汉英翻译 主语的选择
• 沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就 在沉默中灭亡。--《纪念刘和珍君》
• Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!
1. 2. 2 主语必须是句中应该突出的信息
1. 这次国家调动了 160 万军队去帮助守护大堤， 将被洪水淹没地区的百姓迁走。 1.6 million troops have been mobilized to help protect the dikes and to move people out of areas being flooded．
Determining the Subject of a Sentence
主语的选择
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
钱你不用还了。 这锅饭能吃十个人。 这匹马骑着两个人。 被人缠上是件讨厌的事儿。 老子打儿子, 天经地义。 上面坐着主席团。 从她那儿能找到解决问题的办法。 说的是古代的一个老头，名叫愚公。
七大主要英语的主语
1. 施动主语 (agentive subject)： Susan is growing flowers． 2. 受动主语 (affected subject)： Her books translate well． 3. 工具主语 (instrumental subject)： A stone broke the glass． 4. 地点主语 (locative subject): The jar contains h重主题的语言”(topic-prominent language) ，是话题评论式的。 汉语：话题+评论/说明 英语是“注重主语的语言”(subject-prominent language )。英语的主谓是施事行为式的。 英语：主语（施事者或受事者）+谓语（行为）
汉英翻译中的主谓一致问题笔记
汉英翻译中的主谓一致问题Subject-verb Concord汉语句子中谓语成分复杂，而英语句子的谓语比较单一，只能由动词或动词短语承担。
汉译英时，有时可选择与原文相对应的谓语，但多数情况下我们不能照搬原文主语和谓语，需作调整或另觅新语。
谓语的确定与主语的选择密切相关。
谓语的选择和确定，需兼顾表意和构句的二重需要，即考虑英语语法规范，搭配习惯和逻辑关系等问题。
指选择谓语时，除考虑该词语本身能否准确传达原文意义外，还要关照其与主语的语义关联，亦即逻辑的关联，以及主谓词语的搭配。
此外，谓语动词和宾语的搭配，联系动词和表语的搭配，以及这两种搭配产生的修辞效果，也都影响和制约谓语的选择。
1.考虑谓语表意的需要时，首先要看它能否准确传达愿意，表意是否贴切。
1) 中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。
a. The Central Government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.（克制自己不去干预）b. The Central Government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.（从不干预也不想干预）2) 中国的经济将融入世界经济的大潮。
a. The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.（消没在……之中）b. The economy of China will converge with that of the world economy.（与……融合在一起）3) 这事到了现在，还是时时记起。
a. Even now, this remains fresh in my memory.（时时记起，更加贴切）b. Even now, I still often think about it.2.考虑谓语表意的需要时，还要关照其与主语的语义关联，以及主谓词语的搭配。
(完整版)2013汉英翻译谓语选择
这一证书课程分在三年中学完． The certificate course of studies will spread over three years.
谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. 抓紧施肥
1. pay close attention to or attend
2. 取得成就
to the task of manuring
2. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。
Some things were said here tonight that ought not to have
been spoken.
3. 众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。
It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
After-class practice for last lecture
1. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.
2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement,
After-class practice for last lecture
5. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.
6. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.
谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. 抓紧施肥
1. pay close attention to or attend
2. 取得成就
to the task of manuring
2. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。
Some things were said here tonight that ought not to have
been spoken.
3. 众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。
It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
After-class practice for last lecture
1. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.
2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement,
After-class practice for last lecture
5. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.
6. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.
英语翻译学谓语的选择
一想到要出国深造，他就激动不已 – The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited. • He felt greatly at the thought of going abroad for further study
• 原文若为有形式标志的被动式，译文中也 用被动式作谓语
鼎湖山整个地区为热带、亚热带森林所覆盖， 气候独特。 • Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical as well as subtropical forest and has unique climate.
家家房顶上都装上了供沐浴用的太阳能热水 器。 • A solar heater is installed on the roof of every house, providing warm water of the shower.
据说，核电站正在筹建中。 • Nuclear power plants are said to be under preparation for construction.或It’s said that nuclear power plants are under preparation for construction.
从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历 史方面的知识。
• We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.
•
The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
汉英翻译中谓语及其主从关系
汉英谓语及其他成分的翻译问题1.1 汉英谓语对比谓语（predicate）是对主语的陈述，说明主语的情况。
汉语谓语的独立性很强，没有形态变化，丝毫不受主语的支配；其意义是完整的，可以独立成句。
汉语主语的句法功能很弱，构成很复杂，在分析句子时，可先找出谓语，因为谓语是汉语句子的核心，确定谓语，可有助于识别主语及其它成分。
英语的谓语形态也很稳定，按语法常规，它绝对受主语支配。
例如（1）. 她大大的眼睛，皮肤白皙，很是甜美可人。
（2）我取笑他人小鬼大。
I teased him for young as he was he dared a great mischief.（3）他请假回家看望父母。
英语的谓语比较单一，只能由动词和动词短语充当，当系动词作谓语，则需名词、形容词或副词作补足语。
英语的主谓关系有三种:（1）施动者与动作的关系；语言结构表现为“主谓一致”上（2）受动者与动作的关系；语言结构表现在语态上（3）主题与述题的关系；语言结构体现在系动词to be 的使用上1．2 谓语的翻译汉译英时，有时可以选择与原文对应的谓语，但是大多数情况下，我们往往既不能照搬原文主语，也不能照搬原文谓语，而需作调整，或另觅主谓。
1.2. 1．谓语英译时，要考虑搭配、习惯表达方式、逻辑语法关系等多种因素。
词语间的恰当搭配是写作的基本要求之一，也是翻译时要考虑的因素之一。
搭配要考虑语义，符合逻辑，又有很强的习惯性。
英语中的动词与名词，动词与介词，动词与副词，形容词与名词之间，同样要求搭配适当。
例如，动物的叫声，因主语的不同需用不同的动词表示，狮叫（to roar）、虎叫（to growl）、狼叫（to howl）、狗叫（to bark）、猫叫（to mew）、鸭叫（to quack）,等。
虎啸猿啼：the tigers roar and monkeys cry.她们逐渐镇定下来，有了自信。
a.they gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence,b.They gradually calmed down, regained self-confidence.1.2. 2．注意汉英语言“动”“静”的转化。
中译英技巧-谓语动词的选择
2.
3.
科技兴农在中国发展粮食生产方面存 在着巨大的潜力。 在着巨大的潜力。 The application of science and technology to agriculture points to huge potential in the development. development. 这一证书课程分三年学完。 这一证书课程分三年学完。 This certificate course of studies will spread over 3 years. years.
7.
“ 跳竹竿 ” 每年从开春之日起 ， 直至 跳竹竿” 每年从开春之日起， 元宵，几乎夜夜灯火通明， 元宵，几乎夜夜灯火通明，欢跳不息 热烈气氛充溢着山坡村寨。 ，热烈气氛充溢着山坡村寨。 The “bamboo dance” starts from the very beginning of the year and lasts until the Lantern Festival, during which time villages where lights are on and dance continues throughout the night are vibrant with festivity. festivity.
3.
5.
我的态度，你现在骂我玩世不恭也好，不负责 我的态度，你现在骂我玩世不恭也好， 任也好，我告诉你， 任也好，我告诉你，我盼望这一次是我们最末 一次谈话了。 一次谈话了。 My attitude, you may now call it flippancy or irresponsibility. irresponsibility. But to be honest with you, I hope this will be our last conversation. conversation.
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汉英主谓结构的差别
汉语的分析型(analytic)语言VS. 英语的综合型(synthetic)语言 汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的 单一谓语成分 汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓 语的多被动式
分析型语言VS综合型语言 汉语分析型语言典型特征： 1. 无词尾屈折变化 (inflection) 2. 词没有阳性和阴性的变化，没有表阳性和阴性的词
汉语句子中的谓语可以是一个主谓词组，而英语 的句子不可以用主谓词组充当谓语．例如：
他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直． The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright.
武汉这个地方，我认为比深圳好． I think WuHan is better than Shenzhen.
谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性
1. Her fiancéis already 60 years old. 2. He wants to eat at the Macdonald’s. 3. Fast food is not wholesome, after all. 4. Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful. 5. History is made by the people. 6. He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles
2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement,
3. but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.
4. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide.
and looting the goods by killing the drivers with his gun.
原文若是形容词短语，名词短语，数量词或介词 短语作谓语，译文中常常采用系表结构作谓语．
你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效，经久耐用 又经济实惠，适合高中学生使用．
You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.
After-class practice for last lecture
1. 不同的人对退休持不同的态度。 2. 有些人认为退休后可享受晚年的生活。 3. 但真的退下来了，他们则有点失望。 4. 看到自己就要被抛到废物堆里，他们不甘认命，设法另找事干来发
挥自己的余热，以继续得到收入。 5. 另一些人则对一生中这样一个重大变动早有准备。 6. 他们一生为工作操劳，现在筋疲力尽了，渴望退休后能放松拉紧的
弦，好好休息。 7. 由于不再需要每天早晨去赶公共汽车了，不再要为晋级忧虑。 8. 就可以有足够的时间去追求童年时的梦想，如写写书、画画图、种
种花、周游各地。AftFra bibliotekr-class practice for last lecture
1. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.
缀 英语综合型语言有丰富的屈折变化形式： 1. table／tables 2. run／ran／run
3. the boy‘s
4. She sings beautifully. 汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显 性(overtness)
谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性
1. 她的未婚夫都60了。 2. 我想吃麦当劳。 3. 快餐食品并不健康！ 4. 三星的手机外观很漂亮。 5. 历史是人民创造的。 6. 他就会持枪劫车杀人越货。
谓语的多主动式VS多被动式
金杯牌汽床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型 美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便．
The “Golden Cup” brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology. With novel structure, beautiful shape and various patterns , they are comfortable and convenient to carry.
After-class practice for last lecture
5. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.
6. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.
7. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion,
8. they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around.