制药工程专业英语
制药工程 专业英语 unit 11 reading material
Tablet thickness is consistent batch-to-batch or within a batch only if the tablet granulation of powder blend is adequately consistent in particle size and size distribution, if the punch tooling is of consistent length, and if the tablet press is clean and in good wording order.
重量差异。对于设计成在特定数量片剂处方中包含特定数量 药物的片剂，一般测量正在生产片剂的重量，以帮助确保片 剂包含适量的药物。在实际中，在整个压缩过程中通常取10 片复合样品称重。
The composite weight divided by 10, however, provide an average weight but contains the usual problems of averaged values. Within the composite sample that has an acceptable average weight, there could be tablets excessively overweight or underweight. To help alleviate this problem the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) / National Formulary (NF) provides limits for the permissible variations in the weights of individual tablets expressed a percentage of the average weight of the sample. 总的复合重量除以10为平均重量，但这种平均值（评价方式） 的）有个常见问题。在平均重量可接受的复合样品中，可能 存在片剂过重或过轻。为了帮助缓解这一问题，美国药典 （USP）/国家处方集（NF）对样品平均重量百分比表示的单 个片剂的重量允许误差做出了限制。
制药工程专业英语课后练习题含答案 (2)
制药工程专业英语课后练习题含答案题目一：Drug Substance Manufacturing1.What is Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. It is the process of producing a finished drug product.–B. It is the process of producing the activeingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.–C. It is the process of packaging and labeling a finished drug product.–D. It is the process of performing clinical trials ona drug product.Answer: B. It is the process of producing the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.2.What are the steps involved in Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. Synthesis, isolation, and purification.–B. Packaging, labeling, and testing.–C. Clinical trials, manufacturing, and distribution.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Synthesis, isolation, and purification.3.What is the mn purpose of Drug Substance Manufacturing?–A. To produce a finished drug product for human use.–B. To provide the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.–C. To test and validate the safety and efficacy of a drug product.–D. To distribute a drug product to consumers.Answer: B. To provide the active ingredient or drug substance used in a drug product.题目二：Pharmaceutical Formulation1.What is Pharmaceutical Formulation?–A. It is the process of producing a finished drug product.–B. It is the process of selecting and combining ingredients to produce a drug product.–C. It is the process of packaging and labeling a finished drug product.–D. It is the process of performing clinical trials ona drug product.Answer: B. It is the process of selecting and combining ingredients to produce a drug product.2.What are the key considerations in PharmaceuticalFormulation?–A. Safety, efficacy, and stability.–B. Cost, avlability, and taste.–C. Appearance, texture, and smell.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Safety, efficacy, and stability.3.What is the role of excipients in Pharmaceutical Formulation?–A. They are the active ingredients in a drug product.–B. They are the inactive ingredients in a drug product that help to improve its properties.–C. They are the ingredients in a drug product that are responsible for the color and flavor.–D. None of the above.Answer: B. They are the inactive ingredients in a drug product that help to improve its properties.题目三：Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)1.What is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)?–A. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.–B. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the efficacy of pharmaceutical products.–C. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the affordability of pharmaceutical products.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. It is a set of regulations and guidelines that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.2.What are the key components of Good Manufacturing Practice(GMP)?–A. Quality control, documentation, and facility design.–B. Clinical trials, manufacturing, and distribution.–C. Cost control, inventory management, and customer service.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. Quality control, documentation, and facility design.3.Why is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) important?–A. It helps to ensure the quality and safety ofpharmaceutical products.–B. It helps to reduce the cost of producingpharmaceutical products.–C. It helps to increase the avlability ofpharmaceutical products.–D. None of the above.Answer: A. It helps to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.总结本文介绍了制药工程专业英语中的几个重要概念和术语，包括Drug Substance Manufacturing（药品物质制造）、Pharmaceutical Formulation（制剂开发）以及Good Manufacturing Practice（良好生产规范）。
制药工程专业英语详细Unit..详细翻译
制药工程专业英语详细Unit..详细翻译————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：Unit 1 Production of Drugs根据其生产或来源不同药物制剂可以分为三类：Ⅰ.人工合成材料（全合成材料）Ⅱ.天然产物，和Ⅲ.半合成天然产物（半合成药物）。
本书的重点是这些第一组和第三组化合物都是合成药物。
然而这并不意味着那些天然药物和其他药物就不重要。
他们可以作为很有价值的先导结构，并经常被用为重要合成药物的原料或中间体。
表1概述了获取药物制剂的不同方法。
Table 1 Possibilities for the preparation of drugs表1药物制备的可能性方法例子1.全合成75％以上的药物制剂都是全合成的（合成物）2.从天然产物中分离（天然产物）2.1植物生物碱;酶;强心甙；多聚糖；维生素E; 类固醇前体（薯蓣皂苷配基，谷甾醇）；柠檬醛（中间产物维生素A，E，K）2.2动物器官酶;多肽；激素;胆酸；胆汁;胰岛素来自胰腺；血清和疫苗2.3其他来源胆固醇来自羊毛油；L-氨基酸来自角蛋白和明胶水解3.发酵抗生素; L -氨基酸，葡聚糖；对甾类有定向的修饰，例如11 -羟基化;胰岛素，干扰素，抗体，肽类激素，酶，疫苗生物碱化合物；半合成内酰胺类抗生素；甾类;人胰岛素4.天然产物的半合成修改（半合成药物）几种最初来自于天然原料有治疗意义天然产物如今用更有效也就是经济的全合成法制备。
这样的例子包括L-氨基酸，氯霉素，咖啡因，多巴胺，肾上腺素，左旋多巴，肽类激素，前列腺素，D -青霉胺，长春蔓胺，以及几乎所有的维生素。
在过去的几年里发酵（即微生物处理）变得极其重要。
通过现代技术和遗传选择的结果产生了高效能微生物突变株，发酵已成为广泛的底物（物质）都可以选择的一种方法。
真核微生物（酵母菌和霉菌）和原核微生物（单细胞细菌和放线菌）用于微生物。
制药工程专业英语Unit
丹宁是分子量在500至3000之间的酚类化合物。它们被广泛用于“鞣制”皮革。他们能将生物碱和蛋白质从水溶液中沉淀析出。丹宁通常分为两类：能被水解的丹宁和不能被水解的丹宁。
Tannins are phenolic compounds having molecular weights between 500 and 3000. They are widely used to “tan” leather. They precipitate alkaloids and proteins from aqueous solutions. Tannins are usually divided into two classes: those which can be hydrolyzed and those which cannot.
free catechin aqueous bp (boiling point) mp (melting point) fp (flashing point) match coincidence base (basic) residue sink drain waste container beaker fluted filter condenser reflux stopper vial
The professional English of pharmaceutical engineering
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Wang East China University of Science and Technology
分子式
01
咖啡因属于甲基黄嘌呤的生物碱。纯的咖啡因是白色的，强烈苦味的粉状物。它的化学式是C8H10N4O2。它的化学名是1,3,7-三甲基黄嘌呤或3,7-二氢-1,3,7三甲基-1H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮。分子量，194.19 。
制药工程专业英语--1单元
Unit 11.Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be splitinto three groups: Totally synthetic material (synthetics) Naturalproducts ,and Product from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products)依据其生产或来源，药物制剂可以分为三类：I.完全的合成材料（人工合成材料），II.天然产物，和III.源自部分合成的产品（半合成产品）。
2.The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds ofgroups I and III-thus Drug synthesis.翻译：所以本书的重点是I和III部分的药物合成。
本书的重点是在于Ⅰ和Ⅲ类中最重要的化合物——药物合成。
3.This does not mean, however , that natural products or other agents are lessimportant.然而这并不意味着，天然产物和其他试剂不重要。
4.they can serve as valuable lead structures,and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates for important synthetic products.它们可以作为有价值的先导结构，他们常常作为重要的合成产品的起始原料或中间体产品。
5：Table1gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.表1列出了获取药物制剂的不同方法的概述。
制药工程专业英语课文翻译
Unit 1 Production of DrugsDepending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be split into threegroups: I .Totally synthetic materials synthetics，Ⅱ.Natural products，and Ⅲ.Products from partial syntheses semi-synthetic products.The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compounds of groups I andⅢ一thus Drug synthesis. This does not mean，however，that natural products or otheragents are less important. They can serve as valuable lead structures，and they arefrequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates for important syntheticproducts.Table 1 gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceuticalagents.1 单元生产的药品其生产或出身不同药剂可以分为三类：1。
完全（合成纤维）合成材料，Ⅱ。
天然产物，和Ⅲ。
产品从（半合成产品）的部分合成。
本书的重点是团体的最重要的化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ一所以药物合成。
这并不意味着，但是，天然产品或其他代理人并不太重要。
它们可以作为有价值的领导结构，他们常常为原料，或作为重要的合成中间体产品的需要。
制药工程专业英语--11单元
P117——14制药专英作业Unit111。
The oral route of drug administration is the most important method of administering drugs for systemic effectsTranslations：口服给药是通过给药途径产生系统效应中最重要的方法。
2.Except in cases of Insulin therapy，the parenteral route is not routinely used for self—administration of medication除了胰岛素疗法之外，肠外给药途径通常不适用于患者自主用药。
3.The topic route of administration has only recently been employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects ，with two classes of marketed products ：Nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina and scopolamine for the treatment of motion sickness.局部给药这种途径只是近年来才被用于把药物送到人体内从而产生系统效应,采用这种给药方式的药物有两种已经上市:用于治疗心绞痛的硝酸甘油酯和治疗晕动症的莨岩胺。
4.Other drugs are certain to follow ，but the topical route of administration is limited in its ability to allow effective drug absorption for systemic drug action.今后肯定还会有其他的药物相继出现，但是局部给药的途径在药物有效吸收从而产生药物系统效应方面仍有其局限性.5.原文：5The parenteral route of administration is important in treating medical emergencies in which a subject is comatose or cannot swallow，and inproviding various types of maintenance therapy for hospitalized patients.在病人处于昏迷状态或病人不能吞咽的医疗急救处理中，肠外给药途径是很重要的，同时它也给住院的病人提供了各种不同类型的维持疗法。
制药工程专业英语--1单元
制药工程专业英语--1单元Unit 11.Depending on their production or origin pharmaceutical agents can be splitinto three groups: Totally synthetic material (synthetics) Naturalproducts ,and Product from partial syntheses (semi-synthetic products)依据其生产或来源，药物制剂可以分为三类：I.完全的合成材料（人工合成材料），II.天然产物，和III.源自部分合成的产品（半合成产品）。
2.The emphasis of the present book is on the most important compoundsof groups I and III-thus Drug synthesis.翻译：所以本书的重点是I和III部分的药物合成。
本书的重点是在于Ⅰ和Ⅲ类中最重要的化合物——药物合成。
3.This does not mean, however , that natural products or other agents areless important.然而这并不意味着，天然产物和其他试剂不重要。
4.they can serve as valuable lead structures, and they are frequently needed as starting materials or as intermediates fo r important synthetic products.它们可以作为有价值的先导结构，他们常常作为重要的合成产品的起始原料或中间体产品。
5：Table1gives an overview of the different methods for obtaining pharmaceutical agents.表1列出了获取药物制剂的不同方法的概述。
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Sulphonamide-磺酰胺
• 一、化难为易 • p-aminobenzenesulphonamide 对氨基苯磺酰胺
p-(paamra-i的no缩-写氨，表基示B苯e环n上ze的n对e位-苯取代)
熟记词根、词缀及含义，举一反三，触类旁通
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一、派生词
• （前缀）+ 词根 +（后缀）
• 例子： anti- “反，防，抗”
antibacterial 抗菌药；antibiotic 抗生素；
antibody 抗体； antigen 抗原；
antifungal 抗真菌的 anti-infective 抗传染的
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• 二、善于把握普通词汇的专业含义
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• 三、注意读音训练 例如：
药品：pharmaceuticals
phar ma ceu ti cals
[fɑ:]； [mə]； [sju:]；[ti]； [kəls]。
总发音：[fɑ:mə´sju:tikəls]
distillation 蒸馏；
• Crystallization 结晶； recystallization 重结晶；
• sublimation 升华； adsorption 吸附；
• absorption 吸收
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• 四、联想记忆
串联归纳，纵横联系，辨析分解
• 例如：
• 单元操作：isolation 分离、提取，
• 类似单元操作
• purification 纯化； extraction 萃取；
• evaporation 蒸发； coagulation 凝结；
• filtration 过滤；
broad-spectrum 广 谱 ；
side effect 不良反应
cross-contamination 交叉污染 ； shelf-life 货架期
cough-suppressing 镇咳的； sex hormone 性激素
safety evalua耐药；
gene-related 基因相关的
biologic activity 生物活性；
intravenous injection 静脉注射；
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三、缩略词
• 例如： USP =United States Pharmacopeia 美国药典 INN=International Nonproprietary Names 国际非专有药名 PNDA=Paper New Drug Application 书面新药申请 GMP=Good Manufacturing Practices 良好生产规范 SOP =Standard Operation Procedures 标准操作规程
anti-inflammatory 消炎的；antimalaria 抗疟 antimicrobial 抗菌药； antiseptic 防腐剂 antitoxin 抗毒素； antitumor 抗肿瘤
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二、复合词
• 两个或两个以上词复合而成，大多以“-”联接
• 例如：
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制药工程专业英语的特点
• 1. 专业术语多，合成新词多
• 2. 长句多，复句多
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制药工程专业英语词汇特点
• 一、派生词 • （前缀）+ 词根 +（后缀） • 二、复合词 • 两个或两个以上词复合而成，以“-”联接 • 三、缩略词