The merchant of venice之人物剖析
契诃夫小说《小公务员之死》人物形象评析
契诃夫小说《小公务员之死》人物形象评析视界新闻契诃夫小说《小公务员之死》人物形象评析蔡健/苏州工业职业技术学院契诃夫有一篇著名的短篇小说《小公务员之死》。
主各种顾虑。
这时，简化生活，简化自己的内心，便能减少人公小公务员只因喷嚏溅到了上司头上而感到惴惴不安。
许多愁虑。
如果那位不慎冒犯了上司的小公务员不去想那他不断通过写信、登门等方式道歉，却因此惹恼上司，最么多，诚恳地道一个歉，获得了上司的原谅之后就释怀，终惶恐而死。
那他的死就必然不存在了。
反观《阿甘正传》中的“低智在生活中，我们有多少人象这位可怜的小公务员一商”阿甘，他所做的一切都是“一根筋”最简单的，没有样，将一些原本简单的事情处理地十分复杂，最终吃力不任何复杂的设计、考虑。
正是这样“简单”的处世方式使讨好。
因此，在生活中我们无须刻意文饰、雕琢一些事，他最终享誉全国。
“机关算尽太聪明，反误了卿卿性否则往往事与愿违。
命。
”简化内心，不失为一种智慧。
众所周知，现代社会生活节奏快、压力大，倘若去过老子曾说“大道至简”。
的确，简单中蕴含着无穷力分“雕饰”，必然造成效率低下。
在社会发展的过程中，量。
美国白宫在遭遇大火之后索性被完全刷白，正是满墙简化似乎是一股不可抗拒的潮流。
正如发表《文学改良刍白漆造就了一个超级政府的象征。
再如，“小隐隐于野，议》的胡适谈及文言文与白话文时所举例子：“才疏学大隐隐于市。
”古往今来世人的隐居毋庸置疑是对简单生浅，恐难胜任，恕难奉命”和“干不了，谢谢”差了一倍活的渴望。
生活确实复杂，但人类总有本事在复杂的大环字数。
正是语言上的种种简化使得我们更加快捷方便地传境下创造一个简单的小环境，从而实现心灵的隐居。
达信息。
可见，至简是一门艺术。
当我们在纷繁复杂的社会生活中，内心有时也充满了（上接第294页）方，此时需要用示波器，进行分别测量相应部件输出或是的解决方案。
第三，人眼观察是指技术人员通过直观查输入信号是否正常，来判断故障具体位置。
威尼斯商人-人物分析和总结
• Why Venice:
–Renowned for wealth and cultural diversity –Cosmopolitan market –Religious tolerance or lack thereof –True “slice of life” setting
• The Jew: –Business people who find laws necessary –Money and possessions are evidence of a successful life –Contracts are just business no matter what is involved –One either fulfills the contract or doesn’t, the reasons are of no matter
• Shylock is condemned to be without society
• He cannot associate with other Jews • The Christians won’t really accept him
• They are imposing a penalty worse than losing all his money
• Heroine – Portia, disguises herself as man; teaches men about love (women’s concern), also about law (men’s concern) • Clown – Lancelot Gobbo, plays trick on father • Villain – Shylock, personal grudge, not Machiavellian
威尼斯商人
要是一个犹太人欺侮了一个基督徒, 那基督徒怎样表现他 的谦逊? 报仇。
要是一个基督徒欺侮了一个犹太人, 那么照着基 督徒的榜 样, 那犹太人应该怎样表现他的宽容? 报仇。
你们已经把残虐的手段教给我, 我一定会 照着你们的教训 实行, 而且还要加倍奉敬哩。
对封建势力的声讨
第四幕 第一场 法庭
夏洛克（对着围观的公爵们）：你们买了许多奴隶, 把他们 当作驴狗骡马一样看待 , 叫他们做种种卑贱的工作, 因为他 们是你 们出钱买来的。我可不可以对你们说, 让他们自 由, 叫他们跟你们的子女结婚? 为什么他们要在 重担之下流着血 汗? 让他们的床铺得跟你们的床同样柔软, 让他们的舌头也 尝尝你们所吃的东西吧。
夏洛克的控诉
夏洛克：只因为我 是一个犹太人。难道犹太人没有眼睛 吗? 难道犹 太人没有五官四肢、没有知觉、没有感情、 没有血 气吗? 同样的武器可以 伤害他, 同样的医药可以 疗治他, 冬天同样会冷, 夏天同样会热, 就像一个基督徒一 样吗? 你们要 是用刀剑刺我们, 我们不是也会出血的吗? 你们 要是挠我们的痒, 我们不是也会笑起来的吗? 你 们要是用 毒药谋害我们, 我们不是也会死的吗? 那么要是你们欺侮 了我们, 我们难道不会复仇吗?
威尼斯商人
The Merchant of Venice
创作背景 夏洛克人物形象 鲍西亚人物形象 人文主义思想
影视资料
创作背景
《威尼斯商人》是英国著名喜剧巨匠威廉·莎士比 亚 发表于 1596 年的作品，其创作背景是: 英国资本主 义经济迅速发展，专制王朝执行了有利于工商业发展 的 政策，得到新兴资产阶级的支持，王室和资产阶级 之间 形成了暂时的联盟。这时期莎氏初到伦敦，受国 内爱国 情绪的感染及文艺复兴时期人文主义思潮的影 响。在 女王伊丽莎白一世的统治下，英国出现了经济 繁荣和政 治安定的局面。
悲惨世界人物形象分析
悲惨世界人物形象分析《悲惨世界》具有震撼人心的力量，小说以社会底层受苦受难的穷人为对象，描绘了一幅悲惨世界的图景。
雨果以史诗的雄浑笔力、鲜明色彩和抒情气氛再现了19世纪初期法国社会生活的绚丽画面，芳汀、珂赛特受苦受难，冉阿让挣扎奋斗，为在社会上取得立足之地而历尽坎坷，构成一篇动人心魄、感人肺腑的史诗。
冉阿让的一生在种种的不幸的遭遇中不断追求自由，并时时刻刻地奉献自己的爱心.珂赛特是一个单纯的人，是一个热烈追求纯真爱情的少女，是浪漫的象征。
她天真无邪，洁白如鸽子。
芳汀又穷又病，还得不断应付旅馆老板夫妇的索钱，深怕钱没给、女儿就会被苦待。
于是恶性循环的，芳汀更穷更病。
正是这个托孤行动，让小说后半部充满人性的高贵与伟大，珂赛特透过冉阿让有了美好的结局，芳汀的悲剧因此被冲淡了。
沙威其实在“悲惨世界”中，是用来反衬完人冉阿让的. 沙威不是坏人，他只是有个很不幸的身世，而这一生又从未像冉阿让般经历被饶恕被接纳。
沙威把被社会遗弃的成长背景转化了，成为不肯饶恕接纳被社会遗弃者的人。
“悲惨世界”，是以对卞福汝主教的描述开始的，卞福汝的人道精神与爱的社会实践，简直到了无与伦比的完美地步=================================================== =在我读过的外国名着中，我最喜爱《悲惨世界》。
下面是我对其中主要人物的逐个分析和看法。
涅迪主教：他是一位受人尊敬的人。
终身未婚，与自己的老处女的妹妹住在一起。
他的精神崇高而伟大。
他身为一名高贵的主教，本可以享受优裕的生活，而他却将这些捐给了穷人。
他的俸禄大部分花在帮助他人身上。
他的大房子变成了安置病患的病房，他住在一个小的角落。
他喜爱读书，在书中领悟人生的奥义。
甚至连盗贼都尊敬他。
他是书中出现的第一个角色，他的精神很感人。
对于主角冉阿让，他是一个十分重要的人物。
他唤起了冉阿让的新的灵魂。
当落魄的冉阿让到他家的时候，他没有像镇子里的人那样鄙视他，趋赶他，而是尊重他，给他一顿丰富的饭菜，并让他在自己的家里留宿。
《威尼斯商人》课文人物解读
《威尼斯商人》课文人物解读《威尼斯商人》课文人物解读人物分析：夏洛克的全面逆袭，解读反差很大，夏洛克要被看作是民族英雄了?文章还从夏洛克的性格入手解读他消极的，积极的性格以及悲剧的根源。
我的解读就是围绕着三个问题展开，然后谈谈我的思考：1.夏洛克究竟向谁复仇?2.夏洛克的信仰是什么?3.基督精神是否能拯救夏洛克?(一)夏洛克究竟该向谁复仇?“……我只能说我喜欢这样。
……除了因为我对于安东尼奥抱着久积的仇恨和深刻的反感，所以才会向他进行着一场对于我自己并没有好处的诉讼。
”“什么!你愿意被毒蛇咬两次吗?“”把夏洛克关键语言提取才出来，就会看到这些刺眼的字眼，不禁好奇。
这是多么大的仇恨啊?要这么处心积虑的“复仇”，这么刻骨铭心的仇恨的源起到底是什么?在剧本的第一幕第三场，巴萨尼奥带着安东尼奥在威尼斯广场找夏洛克借钱。
“……好多次您在交易所立骂我，说我盘剥取利，我总是忍气吞声，耸耸肩膀，没有和您争辩，忍受迫害本来是我们民族的特色……唾沫吐在我犹太长袍上……”(屈辱感源自这些词语)“只因为我用自己的钱博取几个利息……”(不这么做，我怎么生存?)啊!原来如此!只因为象一个顽皮的男孩子的对夏洛克谩骂，吐唾沫了，也许，事后，安东尼奥自己都忘了，可是夏洛夏洛克克却久久无法释怀,恨得咬牙切齿。
究竟是什么放大了他的疼痛，让他觉得如此屈辱，不杀不快!把安东尼奥和夏洛克放在时代背景下，宗教的背景下，价值观的背景下，民族的背景下，我们不难发现，这些矛盾由来已久，两个人都不自觉得被打上了烙印，贴上了标签。
所以夏洛克象一个塞满火药的火药桶，擦着火星就要引爆。
细读文本，不难发现。
以安东尼奥、巴萨尼奥为首的威尼斯商人包括公爵在内，都称夏洛克为异族人、异教徒轻蔑之情溢于言表，而夏洛克也是奋起“反击”。
夏洛克：“这些便是相信基督教的丈夫!我有一个女儿，我宁愿她嫁给强盗的子孙，不愿她嫁给一个基督徒。
别再浪费光阴了;请快些宣判吧。
”(民族的冲突，宗教信仰的冲突多么尖锐!更是一个弱势民族对于自己尊严的捍卫!) 从夏洛克的回应中，不难看出其也有自尊的一面，潜台词：你们看不起我，我还看不起你们呢!他对尊严越是捍卫，疼痛感和屈辱感就越强烈。
威尼斯商人安东尼奥人物形象分析
The Merchant of Venice
安东尼奥人物形象分析
制作人：初二（12）班 梁锐彬
在安东尼奥身 上发生了一些 什么事呢？
安东尼奥到底 是个怎么样的 人呢？
安东尼奥曾多次借钱给巴萨尼奥，但 都给巴萨尼奥挥霍完了。但是，安东 尼奥仍然愿意借钱给巴萨尼奥。
安东尼奥是个重友情的人，更是个宽 容的人。
安东尼奥面对夏洛克的“玩笑”，不但 愿意签约，还“要对人家说这个犹太人 心肠倒不坏呢”。
安东尼奥是个宽宏大量，性格单纯的人。
1. 安东尼奥在面对商船全部触礁沉没， 以及夏洛克阴谋得逞后得意洋洋的模 样时，逆来顺受。
2. 在濒临死亡的时候，安东尼奥临危不 惧。
3. 安东尼奥视死如归的友情，为朋友借钱并死而无怨 2. 对不良念头无戒备之心，性格单纯 3. 视死如归，临危不惧
“我本善良”——《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克形象再分析
摘要: 历来人们都认为夏洛克是一个吝啬、残酷、歹毒的“吸血鬼”, 应该受到谴责、讽刺和嘲笑。
分析夏洛克生存的环境和时代特征, 就会发现夏洛克还是一个勤劳的商人、敢爱敢恨的父亲。
关键词:《威尼斯商人》; 夏洛克; 吝啬; 善良《威尼斯商人》是唯一一部入选中学语文课本的莎士比亚作品, 这个剧本通过“一磅肉”的故事歌颂了青年男女之间的真诚友谊和爱情, 谴责了高利贷者的贪婪和残忍。
商人安东尼奥是被作者理想化的人物形象, 对于犹太人夏洛克, 一直以来, 则被认为是一个吝啬、自私、心胸狭隘的小丑。
这似乎成了公论, 正如剧种人物葛莱西安诺所说:“万恶不赦的狗, 看你死后不下地狱! 让你这种东西活在世上, 真是公道不生眼睛。
你简直使我的信仰发生动摇, 相信起毕达哥拉斯所说的畜生的灵魂可以转生人体的议论来了; 你的前生一定是一头豺狼, 因为吃了人给人捉住吊死, 你那凶恶的灵魂就从绞架上逃了出来, 钻进了你那老娘肮脏的胎里, 因为你的性情正象豺狼一样残暴贪婪。
”然而夏洛克果真如此形象吗?仔细研读这部戏剧,我们可以发现其实夏洛克才是悲剧性的人物, 是比安东尼奥更值得同情的人物。
为此我们必须深入夏洛克的不为人知的内心世界, 考察夏洛克生存的环境和时代特征。
我们来看看犹太民族的状况, 犹太人是一个长期遭受苦难的民族, 从历史上、宗教上、经济上的状况进行分析, 再联系剧中的有关情节,可以看出流落到欧洲的犹太人的悲惨境遇。
夏洛克在威尼斯所遭受的屈辱, 只是其中的一个反映, 而且他还是极少数富裕犹太人中的一个代表, 还有大量生活在社会底层的犹太人, 其状况可想而知。
在剧中借钱和法庭斗争两个关键部分, 夏洛克有大段道白, 道出了整个犹太民族宗教上受压迫、经济上受排挤打击、种族上受歧视的状况。
我们也能想到他悲剧结局的必然性, 他虽然据理力争, 毕竟势单力薄, 最终以悲剧结局收场,在基督教社会统治下, 他是个“犹太人”,“异教徒”, 他只能成为一个牺牲品。
《威尼斯商人》中的人物形象分析
摘要众所周知，《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚著名喜剧之一。
该剧的主题被定义为对善良、友谊和爱情的颂扬。
本剧不但反映了资本主义早期资产阶级同高利贷者间的矛盾冲突，也揭示了作者对资本主义社会金钱、法律和宗教信仰的人文主义观点。
本论文采用了个案分析法以及对比分析法对该剧的主要人物形象作了一一剖析，展示了资本主义萌芽时期人文主义的浓厚气息，表达了莎士比亚对社会、对人类生活的反思，并寄以自己的理想。
课题对封建旧势力的代表——夏洛克作了无情的批判，而对形象鲜明、富有光彩的鲍西娅则添上了浓厚的人文主义理想色彩。
文章彰显了女性个性解放，突显了文艺复兴时期伊丽莎白当权期，女性地位、意识的重大突破。
关键词：人物分析；人文主义思想；个性解放；女性意识AbstractAs we known that the merchant of V enice is one of Shakespeare‟s most important works. It is a comedy. The theme of this play is to extol kindheartedness, friendship and love. And also it reflects the conflicts between the capitalists and usurers at the beginning of the capitalist society. And it expresses the author‟s humanist idea on money, law and religion in capitalist society. This thesis analyzes the main figures in the play by using independent and contrast ways. It shows the heavily flavor of humanism at the beginning of capitalist society; and expresses some thoughts for society and human being. The thesis also makes a hard criticism to Shylock, who is a representative of feudalism, and puts a heavy humanism on Portia. It displays the thoughts of feudalism personality liberation, and stressing the great breakthrough of woman‟s status and feminine consciousness in Elizabethan era.Key Words：Character analyzing; humanism; personality liberation; women consciousnessIntroductionThe Merchant of Venice is one of the Shakespeare‟s famous comedies in his early time. It‟s theme is to extol kindness, friendship and love. It is the mirror of the contradiction between business bourgeois and usurer at the beginning of the Capitalist society. It‟s also expressed the author‟s humanism ideas on money, law and religion in this society. There, we mention Humanism--the main distinguishing feature of that period, also the brightness characteristic which is shown from the important role in this play.In this thesis, the author introduces the background of the play firstly. Reading the play, we can know that the social background in the play is according with the real society. We know at that time, the society was under the leadership of Elizabeth who was the symbol of power in England. Next the thesis gives an introduction of the main figures in the play. Antonio is rich and kindhearted. From him we can see the spirit of humanism. Portia plays the most important part in the play. The thesis talks about her character, her hobbies, and her attitude of love and the inner meaning-humanism of this figure. She is the center of all these figures the play refers to. Humanism is an ideological weapon for capitalism to fight the feudalism combat, and also it is the core idea of capitalism advanced-literature in Renaissance, and its combat refers to the ideal of Feudalism in Middle Age, especially the religion belief of Catholics. After that, the thesis gives more details about the information mentioned above. Then the thesis compares the figures to give a highlight of the humanism spirit.Ⅰ. Social Background of the Play the Merchant of VeniceAs is known, England is a developed country. Today, it also obtains very important status in the world. It is very necessary to talk about the history of the growth of capitalism in England, especially in 16th century.A. The Social Information in Elizabeth ThroneHenry VIII died in 1547 and his nine-year-old son succeeded him. The son was known in history, Edward Ⅵ. The boy-king‟s reign was a time of extreme Protestantism, for the Regency Council for him consisted almost entirely of the protestant faction. Edward Ⅵdied in 1553. only 15years old. Then his half-sister, Mary, a Catholic, became Queen. The new Queen came to the throne at the age of twenty-five. After the coronation, her parliament passed the necessary legislation to abolish the papal supremacy over the church, and gave Elizabeth all the powers over the church which her father had held, though with the more modest title of “Supreme Government” of the Church of England instead of “Supreme Head” Elizabeth died on 24 March, 1603 at the age of sixty-nine. Her forty-four-year reign had not only ensured the triumph of Protestantism in Britain and in Northern Europe, but had greatly increased the wealth, power and prestige of England. Her na vy triumphed over the great Armada of the king of Spain; her sailors‟ circum navigated the world, and established a colony on the North American continent which they named Virginia after their virgin queen. At home, the merchants were prosperous; the common people enjoyed a higher standard of living than in most other European countries, and her reign was also full of achievements in literature and other arts. After all, Elizabeth I was one of the most successful despots to govern England in English history. ①(李超, 邓兴义:34-37)B. Special Social Background Reflecting in the Merchant of VeniceThe Merchant of Venice is one of the famous comedy plays written by Shakespeare in his early time. The theme of this play is to extol kindness, friendship and love. It is the mirror of the contradiction between business bourgeois and usurer at the beginning of capitalist society. It‟s also expressed the author‟s humanism ideas on money, law and religion in this society. There, we mention Humanism--the main distinguishing feature of that period, also the brightness characteristic which is shown from the important roles in this play. But, what is “humanism”? Humanism is the ideological weapon of bourgeois to fight feudalism at Renaissance, is also the core idea of the bourgeois‟ advanced-literature in this time. Be directed against the world outlook of Medieval feudalism is the spearhead of struggle, especially the religion belief of Catholicism. Church refers to God as the centre of cosmos. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy is the assertion of the greatness of man. And the elements of Humanism are to establish the central status of human, their dignity and value, to advocate the spirit of rationalism and science and to protest the supreme role of God admired in Middle Ages.Shakespeare was a man of the late Renaissance who gave the fullest expression to humanist ideas. The Merchant of Venice is one of the important works which finished in the First Flowering period of English Literature. In this play, heroes and heroines fight for their own ideas and mould their own life according to their own free will and bring us into happy and ideal world with singing, dancing, harmony with nature and freedom from the vices of the world.Ⅱ. Analyzing the Heroes in the PlayIn this play, Shakespeare portrays many roles. The proportion that male figures taking is much more notable than female‟s. So, it's necessary to narrate and displ ay their nature character and symbol.A. AntonioAlthough the play‟s title refers to him, Antonio is a rather lackluster character. He emerges in ActⅠ, sceneⅠas a hopeless depressive, someone who cannot name the source of his melancholy and who, throughout the course of the play, devolves into a self-pitying lump, unable to muster the energy required to defend himself against execution. Antonio never names the cause of his melancholy, but the evidence seems to point to his being in love, and the most likely object of his affection is Bassanio.Antonio has risked the entirety of his fortune on oversea trading ventures, yet he agrees to guarantee the potentially lethal loan Bassanio secures from Shylock. He is willing to offer up a pound of flesh, signifying a union that grotesquely alludes to the rite of marriage, where two partners become “one flesh”. Further evidence of the nature of Antonio‟s feelings for Bassanio appears later in the play, when Antonio‟s proclamat ions resonate with the hyperbole and self-satisfaction of a doomed lover‟s declaration: “pray God Bassanio come/ To see me pay his debt, and then I care not”②(Act Ⅲ, Scene III, 35-36) without a mate, he is indeed the “tainted wether”—or castrated ram—of the flock, and he will likely return to his favorite pastime of moping about the streets of Venice②(Act Ⅳ, Scene I, 113). After all, he has effectively disabled himself from pursuing hid hobby—abusing Shylock—by insisting that the Jew convert to Christianity. Although a 16th century audience might have seen this demand as merciful, as Shylock is saving himself from eternal damnation by converting, we are less likely to be convinced. Not only does Antonio‟s reputation as an anti-Semite precede him, but the only instance in the play when he breaks out of his doldrums in his “storm” against Shylock②(ActⅠ, Scene III, 132). In this play, Antonio proves his character is melancholy, cruelty and some seldom saying—homosexual.B. BassanioIt is said Middle Ages is th e most deathly stillness period in Europe. It also can be seemed it‟s the time that west Europe‟s culture and literature go to grave. As to the pillar of spirit, there is nothing except a total series of religious doctrine. In this environment, people used compliment and boast words to exchange their minds and thoughts. In that society, everyone remain under artificial mask wandered in different kinds of occasion. An absolutely undisguised money relationship makes the true human nature into ash during the masks scraped each other. Bassanio, a noble who is neatly dressed, whose speech and deportment is natural and graceful, gradually becomes a declining aristocrat by spending without restraint. He is a handsome and intelligent young man. But living in such a society, what his every day‟s schedule is to squander money on different meeting and use blandishment speech to talk with other aristocrat. His property is limitation. Once he runs behind his expenses, he will ask his best friend—the wealth merchant in Venice—Antonio for money. From the context, it seems he never returned what he borrowed. To be such a man who wants of lofty aspiration. Maybe the best method frees himself from poverty is to get a profitable marriage. And we mostly can make sure; to obtain money is more important than to marry Portia. This can be improved in later—he gives his bride‟s ring to the clerk. Although his lover has declared that if he loses her ring, she will never pardon him.C. ShylockShylock in this play is the antagonist. He is the model of usurer. Most people read him as a bogeyman, a clownish Jewish stereotype. He is selfish, curtly, avaricious and niggard. Once he hasthe chance to revenge his foe. He will try his best to make the other into deathtrap. In the court, he is clam and wisdom, even fights for several Christian‟s joint attack. But most of his speech is coarse, and sometimes “mean”. All of this makes people take unkindly to him. But with the several aspects sagacious with Antonio, it makes him be a mult-personality figure. Being a pagan who lives in Christian society he has strong emotion on racial constriction and the enthusiasm of raising Jewish people‟s status. Living in this soci ety, he suffers too much public humiliation and oppression as he says in the following:“He hath disgraced me, and hinder‟d me half a million; laught at my loss, mockt at my gains, scorn‟d my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what‟s his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, heal‟d by the same means, warm‟d and cool‟d by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laught? If you porion us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge?” ②(Act ⅢSceneⅠ50-63)His frequently mentions of the cruelty he has endured at Christian hands make it hard for us to label him a natural born monster. Shylock argues that Jews are humans and calls his quest for vengeance the product of lessons taught to him by the cruelty of Venice citizens. In such condition, his “malicious” is much more reasonable.Besides the facial of Shylock‟s malignance, actually, he is a person whose sense of decency has been fractured by the persecution he endures. Comparatively, those kindness and wisdom Christian, in fact, have another hideous feature. So, in my mind, Shylock is a man who is worth sympathizing.III. Analyzing the Central Character in the Novel--PortiaThe girl embodies the virtues that are typical for Shakespeare‟s heroines--it has no surprise that she emerges as the antidote to Shylock‟s malice. She is the pretty-witted aristocrat young girl. She is enthusiasm and graceful; resourceful and humorous; wealthy and beautiful. She is the perfect female who glitters the humanism ideal in her life. This is Portia.A. The Essential Nature of PortiaAt the beginning of the play, however, we do not see Portia‟s potential for initiative and resourcefulness, as she is a near prisoner, feeling herself absolutely bound to follow her father‟s dying wishes. This open appearance, however, proves to be a revealing introduction to Portia, who emerges as that rarest of combinations--a free spirit who abides rigidly by rules. When Bassanio asks Belmont to choose his chest, she proves herself to be highly resourceful, begging the man she lo ves to stay a while before picking a chest, and finding loophole in the will‟s provision that we never thought possible. Also, in her defeat of Shylock, she prevails by applying a more rigid standard than Shylock, agreeing that he can get a pound of flesh, but adding that it does not to allow for any loss of blood. Anybody can break the rules, but Portia‟s effectiveness comes from her ability to make the law work for her. After depriving Bassanio of his ring, she stops the prank before it goes far, and she even insinuates that she has been unfaithful. These entire can proves Portia‟s wit, resource, and humorB. The Humanism Spirit Shown by PortiaPortia is the main character in this play. She embodies the virtues that are typical for Shakespeare‟s heroines. Being a wealth young girl, she is beautiful, gentle and tender, and full ofstratagems. She lives in Belmont--a peaceful world, and recruits the newest ideological trends. So, her mind is equipped by humanism. She is a cute girl, even her father‟s behest; she would like to abide by. Humanism has several contents. One of them is the Rationalism object to Obscurantism. It advocates treasuring people intelligent. And it is said the most reason of people is dignity depending on the power of rational. Rational is human‟s nature, science is the source of joyful. So, when Bassanio arrives, Portia use her resourceful mind to call his attention to pick the correct chest.I pray you, tarry: pause a day or twoBefore you hazard; for, in choosing wrong,I lost your company: therefore, forbear a while. ②(Act ⅢSceneⅡ1-5)……Before you venture for me. I could teach youHow to choose right……The seeming truth which cunning times put onTo entrap the wisest. Therefore, thou gaudy gold,Hard food for Midas, I will none of thee;Nor none of thee, thou stale and common drudge,Tween man and man: but thou, thou meager lead,Which rather threatenest than dost promise aught,Thy paleness moves me more than eloquence;And here choose I: ---Joy be the consequence! ②(Act ⅢSceneⅡ100-107)This is the evidence that Portia never resigns herself to her fate. In order to peruse her own happiness and love, she makes use of her wisdom obeyed her father‟s will as well as marry with the Mr. Right. This is one aspect. The other one is that when she argued with Shylock to act defense as a means of attack on the court, and consolidate at every step. Shylock thought he encountered bosom friend at beginning. And later, suddenly he realized he has lost his preponderance. Portia‟s brilliance talent and Shylock‟s weakened defense, both make people cannot help laughing. Considered her attitude towards love and the performance she acts on court. There is no doubt that she is a remarkable humanist.C. Portia--a Self-conscious FemalePortia is a beautiful, dignity and wealth girl. And the most important thing is she obtains strongly female self-consciousness. She knows what is she needs, and try her best to pursue. She has an insight into the world which she exists—the code of ethics, the value…, she knows what‟s the role she plays. So, she can vacillate freely in the male society, gets her goal and not to go against the rules. In this play, it seems she just does two things: help her to choose a husband; help her husband to rescue Antonio. Both of them have fully demonstrated her intelligence, and reveal her anti-tradition figure. It‟s the time when she chooses her hus band to show her ability to suit male society. Portia not only has the female self-consciousness, but also understands thoroughly what is the status and role woman obtains in male society. She knows the method which keeps away from conflicts. To her husband, she is an angle: sheepish, tender and obedient. When Bassanio chooses the correct casket, she immediately says she is an “unwise, lack-education girl”. Is she really so humble? No. Portia knows very clearly that man dislikes woman is more sensibleand prior than men themselves. So she makes her modest on purpose. But at the same she would like to show her important role when she gives her ring to Bassanio, she says:Myself and what is mine to you and yoursIs now converted: but now I was the lordOf this fair mansion, master of my servants,Queen O‟er myself; and even now, but now,This house, these servants, and this same myself,Are yours, my lord: I give them with this ring;Which when you part from, lose, or give away,Let it persage the ruin of your love,And be my vantage to exclaim on you.②The aim to be said like that is to remind Bassanio she is the very one that‟s thereal master in her family. In other words, she is the protagonist in the play, and the male is the costar who stands on the pasive, subordinary rim, and they always do as one is told. This figure-portray denied the traditon gender relationship makes female go from “rim” to “center”, from “object” to “subject”. It’s to deny the traditio nal female conception. And on the other hand, all of those shows Portia is a personality liberation woman.D. An Explanation on Portia Masquerading as ManThe period when the Merchant of Venice was created was called Shakespeare‟s comedy period. During this period Shakespeare shaped humanities and the arts. British Queen Elizabeth I is in the heyday of the rule, monarchy solid and economic prosperity. Shakespeare in the social reality of the ideals of humanism will be achieved confidence, optimism works filled with forthright and bright colors. There is an idiom said “British is the paradise for woman, and the hell for steed” , which means British female enjoy more free than male, and usually male should adhere to their wife. And the fact related to this is woman benefited more education, especially humanism. Most of Shakespeare‟s heroines have been considered the model of Queen Elizabeth.③In the Merchant of Venice, Portia is a miss in a noble family. She is bored with spoon. Her nature is lovely, smart, and witty and evens some naughty. Her homeland is splendid and luxurious. Having some propriety status, Portia worries about nothing, and even late when she chooses her husband, she doesn‟t think it‟s necessary to choose someone who have the equal socioeconomic status. This is one reason why Portia would show her heart to Bassanio--a declining noble. Absorbing the latest ideology, her ideological level has been improved very high. She is intelligent and resourceful. When she has known her husband‟s best friend have been accused. In her mind, a good idea has been emerged prior to go to court and fight against Shylock.But there is the key problem--why does Portia masquerade as man? Wouldn‟t she go to the court with her own dress? Why should she disguise herself as a black-robed judge? These are the complicated questions in the context. In my opinion, there are three reasons to explain this phenomenon.It is the fact that woman‟s status has been improved a lot, especially at Elizabeth‟srealm. There is another important factor about Shakespeare‟s comedy is “heroes in dress” as one says: “British are the paradise for woman and the hell for steed”. In Shakespeare‟s comedy, female not only is the protagonist, but also holds the thread of details, and very erudite. Portia dresses in black robe, the first function is to pile comedy effect on, and throws the comedy atmosphere intosharp relief. The second function is the following: because humanism consists that the world they inhabit is not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voice their beliefs that man does not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but has the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. And advocate that woman should be treated equal to man. Human is bored equal.④Shakespeare creates Portia, and gives her the endowment to dress up as man. And by using her unruly female speech, the function is to emphasize woman should be treated equally to man. Even sometimes woman is much more excellent than man. Maybe this is the Shakespeare‟s (as a humanist) expectation. The last but not the least function is: although woman‟s status has been promoted, and the humanism ideological wave is sticking strongly out at the feudalism. Males and females treated differently have deep roots in everybody‟s mind, including females themselves. Portia is clever enough. But she still is a people in the world. She also must obey the rules of convention. Some critics say:“When Elizabeth Ⅰ, ruled the realm, the majority of woman found their access to the public sphere decreasing, as the economic roles they played in the late medieval period contracted. Recurrent inflation, land shortages and poverty combined to create a …crisis of order‟, though it developed new, and in some cases quite subtle, tactics for enforcing the subordination of woman. Although the protestant belief in the spiritual equality of men and women according some women greater spiritual dignity and power, and fostered as well a more …companionate‟ and affectionate mode of marriage, th ese gains did not translate into economic, political, or social equality”⑤( Susan Amussen, 1988 and Merry E.Weisner, 1993)At the back of Portia‟s immortality, the play shows us the woman‟s bitter which they have beard so long. As an excellent girl, she ca n‟t enter court naturally, instead she masquerades as man. To establish the central status of human, their dignity and value; to advocate the love and equality; and of these are just to work for the expectation and demand of man, there is no business of woman. Above all, there is the plot that Portia masquerades as man in the play.IV. A Comparative Study of Characteristic DifferencesAs we know, this comedy is very light and joyful. Also its theme is very clean. But many criticisms have analyzed the figure s in different angles. So it‟s inevitable to make a comparison among the roles.A. Portia and JessicaBoth of them are the important roles in this play. And both have a wealth father. The basic difference is Portia living in Belmont, a peaceful, quiet place. And Jessica lives in Venice, which is a city full of pedal, bourgeoisie and smell of money. As we say…circumstance creates human‟ Portia is witty, brave, and humorous, and there is always a clever maid for company. They enjoy themselves and live a very happy life. By contrast, Jessica, a lonely girl, because of her father‟s niggard and heartless, she has no friend. What she does everyday is just stay at home where is a place called …gloomy jail‟. She can‟t go out to have a play; even can‟t open the windo w to have a breath. Her father always worry someone will steal their money and jewels. Shylock is the awful father to her. She never dears to say no to her father. So, when she encounters her love---a Christian young man, Lorenzo. She has nothing to do just packs some money and elopes with him: Jessica: Alack, what heinous sin is it in meTo be ashamed to be my father‟s child!But though I am a daughter to his blood.I am not to his manners. Oh, Lorenzo,If thou keep promise, I will end this strife,Become a Christian and thy loving wife!②( Act II ,Scene III, P64, 15-22)Here, we can say, the two girls have courage to pursue their own happiness. But Portia‟s happiness is hinge on her wit. Although she is bound to her dead father‟s will. She still helps Bass anio to choose the correct chest with her wit. To audience, it‟s more gratification to be accepted. And it‟s a pity for Jessica to choose the elopement for their love.B. Portia and ShylockPortia is a humanist and she is the embodiment of kind, clever, and bravery. She is the person who is leading the trend of society, also we call her “trend—setter”. By contrast, Shylock stands for usurer who is ignorant and backward. Absolutely, they are run in the opposite direction. This is the knot that they will conflict directly. The wonderful performance of their conflicts is shown on Scene Ⅳ—the struggle on court. The way that Portia crosses sword with Shylock is similar to Duke with he. Both persuade him first. The little difference is Duke has no alternative and Portia has a well-thought-out plan. She wins the case with her wit. We can‟t hold ourselves to think Shylock is defeated by a girl who is as old as his daughter. At that time, he has just lost his daughter. What a pity it is! And at last, Shylock loses all he has—wealth, daughter and religion. At that moment, Shylock‟s misfortunes tend to make him a more sympathetic figure than a comic one. “When you lost something, another one is retuning to you.” Maybe that is the true mighty of Shakespeare.C. Antonio and BassanioOne is the rich merchant of Venice. He is the representative figure of growing bourgeois. He is ostentatious and is generous in aiding needy people. He always lends his money to other without interest. So he obtains much good praise. The other one is a profligate son of the rich. He is the embodiment of powerful noble. Except Usurer and Feudalism, they are the dazzling figure in commercialized society. One obtains numerous money; the other has admirable class status. They are the bosom friend in reality. “Money” and “power” work quite well between their friendships. They are Antonio and Bassanio. We nearly can awaken there are some intimate relationship from their name. No matter if it‟s the planned on purp ose by author. Both they are very young and handsome. They always have some special smell scattered from their body that you can strike in their every breath. Is it purity kindness or bewitching eye light? Their friendship has been established firmly. Antonio helps Bassanio over his economic collapse. In turn, Bassanio usually listen to Antonio‟s innermost feeling and the hitch on business. Before Portia goes up to the stage, they just like a pairs of “sweet lover”. But they aren‟t lover, and not a combined community. Antonio is a merchant and he has worried so many affairs about his business. Maybe the only entertainment item is to scold every unmoral action acted by Shylock and to excoriate his curtness, selfishness, stinginess and berate. What these all would happen like that, the reason just because Shylock is Jew. They are the conflicts of two opposite ideas, identification, convention and religions.Bassanio although is a noble, actually he is a declining aristocrat. He has squandered his money at different meeting, gathering and on woman. Not to speak so tactful, he is a playboy who never plans to get a job or doing some business. Instead, he would like to life his head from a profitable marriage. When he borrows money from Antonio as chip to pursuing Portia. Antonio says:I pray you, good Bassanio, let me know it;。
《了不起的盖茨比》人物分析
《了不起的盖茨比》人物分析·前言学期初的时候经朋友介绍选择看的这本小说，进度有些慢，到现在也没有看完，我的初衷是为了提高英语水平才有了之后的事情。
起初的时候我并没有觉得这本创作于20世纪20年代的小说有什么与众不同之处，包括在看了树上春树等众多大家们对这本书极高的评价和知道这本书的创作背景是在史称“喧嚣时代”的时期之后，我仍然抱着一个平常的心态去翻开了这本书的扉页，并没有十分的严谨、或者说刻意的去研究一番的想法。
随着阅读进度的增长，我的眉头一点点的蹙起，思绪越发的混乱，思考也越来越多，哪怕只有一行的文字我也会去仔细的揣摩，以至于经常一目十行的我现在也没有看完这本书。
我想我之前的想法是错误的，低估了这本书的精彩性、思考性以及细腻度。
用树上春树的形容来说就是，“我会将这本书小心地搁在神龛上，时不时看上几眼，以此度过我的人生。
”结合众多读者的解析以及可以查到的有关于作者菲茨杰拉德的事迹，《了不起的盖茨比》这本书实际上就是在创作时期，美国当时社会的大背景下，作者将自己的经历写了下来。
这本书不仅反映了当时正处在一战后，新旧社会交替中美国的现状，还通过以角色叙述的方式来勾勒出一个又一个故事场景，将每一个人物都在不经意的细节中表现的淋漓尽致，让这本书变得精彩纷呈、耐人寻味。
以至于一个世纪后的今天，这本书仍然会被我们互相推荐、品评。
·尼克作者菲茨杰拉德在小说的开篇，就是以尼克这个刚毕业、涉世未深的年轻人自述他的所见所闻的角度去写的。
尼克这个故事的叙述人看起来似乎并没有什么鲜明的特色，会让人误认为尼克应该属于小说中的扁形人物。
然而如果用福斯特的理论，“可以用一个句子表达出来”的人物就是扁形人物的话，似乎并不能将尼克用一句话概括清楚。
与之相反的是，在故事不断发展的过程中，尼克随着故事的跌宕起伏一点点的展露出他的内心世界，以及他的思想价值观，我认为尼克是小说中的圆形人物。
比如在小说的第一章中，汤姆为了化解尴尬随口说的晚餐后天色还亮的话，带尼克去马厩看看。
《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)500字观后感
《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）500字观后感《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚的喜剧之一，以其复杂的人物关系、深刻的社会观察和对人性的探讨而闻名。
这部戏剧通过对爱情、友谊、信仰和仇恨等主题的描绘，呈现了一个富有戏剧性和深度的故事。
首先，戏剧中的人物关系非常错综复杂，其中最为著名的是主人公巴萨尼奥与安东尼奥之间的友谊，以及莱昂泰诺对犹太钱贷商人夏洛克的仇恨。
这些关系在戏剧中交织出一幅错综复杂的画面，揭示了社会中的矛盾和纷争。
安东尼奥为巴萨尼奥而愿意冒险，夏洛克则在面对对他的歧视时选择保持冷静，这些人物之间的关系使观众思考友谊、仇恨和信任在人际关系中的作用。
其次，戏剧中对于宗教和文化的探讨也是一个重要主题。
夏洛克是一位犹太人，而他所处的威尼斯社会对犹太人存在偏见和歧视。
这反映了当时社会中存在的宗教和文化冲突，使观众反思在多元文化社会中如何处理不同宗教和文化之间的关系。
爱情也是戏剧中的重要元素。
巴萨尼奥与波提亚的爱情故事呈现了一种典型的浪漫喜剧情节，包含着欢笑和误解。
波提亚以男装示人，通过聪明的计谋考验巴萨尼奥的忠诚。
这一情节展示了爱情中的考验和信任，使观众在轻松愉快的情境中感受到深层次的情感探讨。
夏洛克与安东尼奥之间的契约也是戏剧的一大亮点。
夏洛克在契约中采用的具有双关意味的措辞，使观众深陷其中，既感受到法律的力量，又对其中的人性善恶产生深刻思考。
这一情节揭示了法律、信任和人性之间微妙的关系。
最后，戏剧通过喜剧的手法在结局中达到了化解矛盾、实现和解的目的。
巴萨尼奥与波提亚的婚礼、夏洛克对安东尼奥的宽恕，以及其他角色的和解，使整个故事在轻松幽默的氛围中得以圆满收场。
这种喜剧结局既为观众带来了欢乐，又在一定程度上反映了莎士比亚对人性的乐观看法。
总的来说，《威尼斯商人》是一部富有情感、智慧和戏剧性的莎士比亚作品。
通过对人际关系、宗教文化冲突、爱情和仇恨等多个层面的深刻描绘，戏剧引导观众思考人性的复杂性，并在轻松幽默中反映社会的种种问题。
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The Merchant of V eniceThe book i would like to talk about is the merchant of venice. The book is a dramatic work which is written by shakespear, an english famous writer. Shakespear is a very famous drama writer in the 16th century, he has written a lot of famous dramatic works, such as romeo and juliet, hamlet,authailo and so on.This book talks about something happens between merchants in venice. The drama begins with antonio helps bassanio borrow money from shylock and then brings out other stories. Bassanio, a merchant who is poor ,first wants to borrow money from his friend antonio, also a merchant in venice. As all the money of antonio's has been put on the ships which sails abroad, when bassanio asks antonio for help,antonio decides to help bassanio to borrow money from a jewish rich man, shylock. Shylock is a man who loves his nation very much. He is very rich and always gains profits from people who borrow his money. Bassanio and antonio are charistans, and antonio looks down upon shylock, for shylock does not believe christa ,meanwhile, shylock is a little mean and loves money very much. As a man who really hates jewish so much,antonio does many harms to shylock before. This time, to borrow the money for bassanio, antonio promises to shylock that he will pay the money back in three months,or he will be willing to do anything that shylock asks him to do. Antonio firmly believes he will pay the money back in time because his ships which contain all his property will come back in a short time. However, the limited time that he promises has already arrived but something unexpected happens, his property is lost, he can not pay the debt back. So shylock tries his best to retaliate antonio. Bassanio, who has borrowed the money and has been to belmonte to persue his dream to marry portia, a very beautiful and rich lady. In balmonte, bassanio gets the admission to marry portia with his intelligence. When having achieved his dream, bassanio hears the news that antonio is going to be punished by shylock. So he asks his wife for letting him to return to venice to rescue his friend. During the period of rescuing antonio, portia is so brilliant that she helps make antonio safe and make shylock fail completely. Meanwhile, shylock loses most of his money. At the end, bassanio and portia have a happy ending.The drama, in my opinion, mainly reflects three aspects, the good friendship between bassanio and antonio, the conflicts between jewish and the english people who are against jewish, the intelligence of portia and the romantic relationship between her and bassanio. Some of the characters in the drama are worthy to talk about.First, i think, as one of the main characters of the book, shylock has many characteristics that worth discussing. As a jewish, he is very innocent in some ways. At that time, the jewish's position in english people's eyes is really very very low, it is really hard for shylock to live in that environment. He is always reviled and insulted by antonio and other english men. And it is why shylock hates antonio and other english merchants so much. When bassanio asks him to borrow some money and invites him to have a meal with them, shylock refuses immediately, and says he could not bear the so-called christan's beliefs. Secondly, shylck is also a man who loves money so much. He gains interests by lending money to other english merchants. He is rich enough, but he is mean to others, no matter it is his daughter or his servant. He always values every opportunity to get profit. He says antonio is a fool, because antonio never asks for extra money when he lends money to others, and he lowers the interests in providing a loan. From some aspects, shylock loves his money more than his daughter jessica. When jessica steals some jewels and money from shylock and leaves with lorenzo, the man that jessica loves. Shylock cries for his jewels first, butnot wanting to find his daughter back as soon as he can. When news comes that jessica spends 80 pounds during one night, he is only sad for his money, instead of worrying whether his daughter is alright or not outside. Thirdly, shylock is intelligent in one way. When referring to asking for interests, he uses a literary quotation to illustrate that getting profits by lending money to others is proper. Fourthly, shylock is also a man who will relatiate back when others insult him whenever there's a chance. He has been insulted a lot by antonio before, and when antonio can not pay the money back to him in time, he makes the most of the opportunity to make reprisals to antonio. In fact, from it, it also concludes shylock is a little cruel. When bassanio and the duke or other people asks him to excuse antonio, he doesn't agree and is determined to get a pound of man's flesh from antonio, instead of getting his 3,000 pounds back.In the drama,shylock is not good enough, but in the end, he lives a miserable life.While antonio, the merchant of venice, i think he has different opinions to different people. He is very friendly to his friends and other christans. When bassanio asks him for borrowing money but has no enough money, he should be will to sacrifice everything to borrow money for him, even his reputation. He never asks for repays when he helps others. When he can't pay the money back for bassanio, he is willing to be punished by shylock, and decides not to tell it to bassanio. But on the other hand, he looks down upon to jewish, such as shylock. He always considers shylock as a bad man, whenever he sees shylock, he would call him cut-throat dog and misbeliever. Even when he and bassanio ask shylock for borrowing money, he is still spurns on him. What's more, i think antonio is a little arrogant, after he seals to the bond with shylock, he tells bassanio that he will not forfeit it and he will have thrice times the value of 3,000 pounds in two months. He says it so definitely, he is a little over-confident.As for bassanio, he is kind to others and also treats his friends very well. He is also very brilliant when he chooses the chest that can enable him to marry poetia. When he decides to choose one of the three chests,the gold, the silver and the leaden, he says the appearance of objects is always not in keeping with the fact of the objects, most people are usually taken in by the appearance. He doesn't choose the gold and the silver, but the leaden. Absolutely, he wins. To rescue antonio, he is willing to do anything, even loses his life. But, in some aspects, i think he doesn't keep prose. He promises to portia that he will keep the ring no matter what happens. However, he breaks his promise to give the ring to the justice who in fact is portia.Portia, the beautiful and smart lady. In the drama, she pursues for freedom to marry a man who she really loves. She never minds whether bassanio is rich or not, she shows her virtuous when bassanio decides to return venice to rescue antonio. What's more, she is so brilliant that after bassanio leaves for venice, she goes to help in secret. When dealing with the case of shylock and antonio, she dresses up as a judge and succeeds in rescuing antonio and makes him sefe without anything. She also makes shylock lose most of his property and fail completely. On the other hand, she is also romantic to her husband, she is so considerate to his husband.Though in the appearance, the book exposes the stingy and ruthless of shylock. In fact, we can also learn something in the deep of these characters. I think the reason why shylock is so bad is that, he is forced to be so. Living in the background which all the people hates the jewish, is a hard job. He is a pathetic man, he is betrayed by his own daughter and his servant, besides, he is forced to lose most of his money, lives painfully and lonely. Though it considers antonio as a kind person, he also shows his bad behaviors, he treats jewish so badly and at the end of the drama, he forces shylock to believe chtistan. The book makes portia nearly a perfect person, but she also has herdefect, she shows no forgiveness to shylock when judging the case.As a whole, we can learns that no one is perfect enough. He may behave well in some aspects, but he may also have some qualities that are not well.。