2013年华东师范大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年华东师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年华东师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译汉译英1．文化体制改革正确答案：cultural system reform2．民族凝聚力正确答案：national cohesion3．“文化兴国”战略正确答案：the strategy of rejuvenating country through culture4．做大做强新闻传媒产业正确答案：boost and strengthen the development of news media5．加强诚信建设正确答案：reinforcing credit construction6．社会事业正确答案：social undertakings7．发挥各地特色和优势正确答案：take advantage of specialties and advantages of various regions 8．扎实推进教育公平正确答案：make solid progress to promote educational equality9．外资企业法正确答案：Law on Foreign-Funded Enterprises10．高等教育法正确答案：Higher Education Law11．商标法正确答案：Trademark Law12．一次性生活补贴正确答案：one-time living allowance13．聘任正确答案：recruitment through invitation14．基层锻炼正确答案：exercise at basic levels15．计算机软件保护条例正确答案：Regulations for the Protection of Computer Software英汉互译英译汉16．Rights of the Copyright Owner1. Rights of reproduction, distribution, and display. The author of a work possesses, at the beginning, a bundle of rights that collectively make up copyright. They belong originally to the author, who can sell, rent, give away, will, or transfer them in some other way, individually or as a package, to whomever the author wishes. When a work is to be published, the author normally transfers some or all of these rights to the publisher, by formal agreement. Two of these rights are basic from the publisher’s point of view: the right to make copies of the work(traditionally by printing and now often by digital reproduction)and the right to distribute such copies to the public—in sum, to publish the work. In the case of online publishing, reproduction and distribution blend into the act of transmitting the work on demand to the reader’s computer. A third right—the right of public display—applies to online exploitation of works. A work is publicly displayed when made viewable online; if the user downloads or prints out the material concerned, a distribution of a copy also occurs.2. Derivative work and performance rights. A fourth and very important right is the right to make what the law terms derivative works—that is, works based on or derived from the original work, such as translations, abridgments, dramatizations, or other adaptations. A revised edition of a published work is generally noticeably different enough from the prior edition to qualify as a derivative work with a separate copyright. The fifth basic copyright right, the right of public performance, has only limited relevance for literary works as such; it applies, for example, when a poet gives a public reading of a poem. However, it has great significance for other works, such as motion pictures, that may spring from literary works.正确答案：著作权人的权利1．复制、发行、展出的权利。
2013年南京大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年南京大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Phrase Translation1.WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)2.CBD【答案】中央商务区(Central Business District)3.YOG【答案】青奥会(Youth Olympic Games)4.IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)5.ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)6.OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 7.UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)8.Euromart【答案】欧洲共同市场(European Common Market)9.Guiness Book of Record【答案】吉尼斯世界纪录10.negative population growth【答案】人口负增长11.the European Economic Community【答案】欧洲经济共同体(the European Economic Community)12.World Intellectual Property Organization【答案】世界知识产权组织13.greenhouse effect【答案】温室效应14.gentleman’s agreement十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书【答案】君子协定15.I-steel【答案】工字钢；工字形钢16.和平过渡【答案】peaceful transition17.市场准入【答案】market access18.网民【答案】netizen19.工业园区【答案】industrial park20.绿色食品【答案】green food21.泡沫经济【答案】bubble economy22.脱口秀【答案】talk show23.售后服务【答案】after-sales service24.技术下乡【答案】spread technological knowledge to farmers25.海峡两岸关系协会【答案】Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits26.老字号【答案】a time-honored brand;an old and famous shop or enterprise27.战略伙伴关系【答案】strategic partnership28.留守儿童【答案】left-behind children;stay-at-home children29.政府职能转变【答案】the transformation of government functions30.第三产业【答案】tertiary industryII.Passage translationSection A Chinese to EnglishThe collapse of belief we have been witnessing throughout the twentieth century comes with globalism.The postmodern condition is not an artistic movement or a cultural fad or an intellectual theory—although it produces all of those and is in some ways defined by them.It is what inevitably happens as people everywhere begin to see that there are many beliefs,many kinds of belief,many ways of believing.Postmodernism is globalism;it is the half-discovered shape of the one unity that transcends all our differences.In a global—and globalizing-era,all of the old structures of political reality,all the old ways of saying who we are and what we are for and what we are against, seem to be melting away into air.How to have an identity in such a world?Nationalism becomes semiobsolete before it even completes its conquest;national governments everywhere are challenged from front and rear,past and future.They are forced to do battle against threats to their fragile sovereignties that are posed by international organizationsand movements and economic forces.The weaker national sovereignty as an absolute principle,the less secure we are in defining ourselves according to national citizenship.【参考译文】我们目睹了整个二十世纪里全球主义带来的信仰的崩溃。
2013年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)-复制
2013年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)1，5 个词语互译。
全是中译英，清一色政治，偏政治性是预料中的，去年就是，好在看了ZF 报告北京周报和领导人讲话，明年考的亲要注意了，政府文件很重要。
A 文化软实力，B 文化自觉，C 贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众，D 食品安全法，E 反不正当竞争法。
1 个理论简答。
“What do you think of the statement that different types of text call for differentapproaches to its translating?”没有字数限制。
正好背过一篇作文说了一些译法和文本genres ，写得还算顺畅。
2，中译英。
政府文件(看来多看政府文件是很有帮助的)。
人力资源服务业白皮书节选的二段。
没啥刁钻的单词就是十八大，十二五规划纲要什么的也是比较常见。
原文在网上没找到。
3，英译中。
是丹·布朗《圣诞的密码》二页A4 纸，较易懂，个别专用名词生词如HoolaHoop,Exeter baseball cap,Epcot,Phillies cap....讲的是圣诞节Brown 家庭的习俗Christmas Code 。
大致文意是作者和三个兄弟姐妹还有留学交换生Bea 一起找线索的故事，谜底就是EPCOT 五个字母，其实就是布朗父母给他们的礼物，那就是去Walt DisneyEpcot Center，大家都兴奋地手舞足蹈，最后就说这是最美好的一个圣诞节。
原文：Every family has its own holiday traditions. In the Brown household, Christmaswas always a time of delicious food, sing-alongs, colorful gifts, and mysterious codes.Yes, codes.When I was a kid, no Christmas morning was complete without the annual treasure hunt.When the last present under the Christmas tree had been opened, my siblings and I knew thatthere still remained one "big" present hidden somewhere in the house for us to find. Our onlyhope of locating it was a cryptic clue that traditionally resided in a lone envelope perched high onthe tree, out of our reach.One year the envelope contained a particularly mind-boggling treasure hunt that mybrother, sister and I still recall as The "TOCEP" Christmas Mystery. (In fact, this treasure huntdirectly inspired the scene on page 111 of The Da Vinci Code.)That was the year we had a foreign exchange student living with us. Bea wasSouth African and understandably was somewhat overwhelmed by the frenziedanticipation that led up to an American Christmas. Nonetheless, she embraced thedecorating, singing, and cooking with a zeal that made the holidays doubly special forus that year. So it was with great happiness, on Christmas morning, after all the presentswere opened, that my parents handed Bea the mysterious envelope and explained to her theBrown tradition of a Christmas Quest.Looking amazed that such a tradition could exist, Bea excitedly opened the envelope. Thepoem inside announced that this year's quest involved locating five letters of the alphabet, whichhad been hidden around the house. According to the poem’s final stanza, the first letter we needed to find was "T."You seek a letter in a nook(It's very hard to see).But of the places you might look,There’s just one spot for "T."Only one spot for T?My little brother Greg was the first to figure it out. He leapt up and dashed into the kitchen. We all ran after him as he retrieved a stool, dragged it into the breakfastnook, climbed up onto the counter, and grabbed the canister in which my mother kept her tea bags. Sure enough, inside was a note card emblazoned with the letter "T."Brilliant!Along with the letter "T" we found another clue, which ingeniously guided usdown to the basement where we found the letter "O" taped to an O-shaped HoolaHoop.Again, fiendishly clever!From there more clues led us all over the house. In the kitchen we found the letter"C" stuffed in a Vitamin C container. In the mud-room, the letter "E" was hiddeninside my Exeter baseball cap (bearing that same letter).By then, we had located four letters (T-O-C-E), and still we felt no closer tounderstanding our mysterious prize. We hoped the fifth and final letter would make it all come clear. The final clue, however, was baffling.The final letter in your quest,Is simple as can be.It's hidden in a special roomQuite natural for a "P."A special room quite natural for a P?I looked in the pantry around the canned peas. Nothing.My little brother checked his bedroom for his Phillies cap. Nothing.A natural place for "P"?It was Beatrice, our exchange student (having learned a good amount of American slang), who suddenly gasped, jumped to her feet, and dashed up the stairs. For a moment, my siblings and I thought she was ill... but then we heard her shriek with joy. We raced upstairs to find Beain the bathroom, laughing hysterically and pointing into the toilet. We peered inside, and there,to our enormous delight, we found the letter "P" taped inside the toilet bowl."P" in the toilet!The joke left all four of us kids rolling on the floor in hysterics. Surely my parentshad to be the two funniest people alive. Finally, when we all could breathe again, wehurried back to the living room to decipher the meaning of these five mysteriouslettersT-O-C-E-P?We spread the letters out on the living room floor and stared at them.T...O...C...E...P?They meant nothing to us.It was my younger sister Valerie who saw it first. She drew a startled breath andspun to my parents in disbelief. "No!" she exclaimed. "Really?"My parents were beaming. "Really. We leave tomorrow morning."The rest of us kids watched in rapt animation as little Valerie victoriously rearranged the five letters TOCEP.... to spell one magical word: EPCOT. Instantly, all four kids were dancing around the room, whooping for joy, chanting "Epcot! Epcot!" Even our exchange student Bea had heard of Walt Disney World's Epcot Center, and she joined in the dance. It was a dream come true. The very next morning, we allboarded a plane for Epcot.It was the best Christmas ever.。
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含答案)【圣才出品】
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、英汉互译1. RCEP（Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution）【答案】皇家环境污染委员会2. a bull market【答案】牛市3. Russian ruble【答案】俄罗斯卢布4. anti-dumping【答案】反倾销5. stock in trade【答案】库存，存货6. paid on delivery【答案】货到付款7. unanimous vote【答案】全票通过8. carbon footprint【答案】碳足迹9. recursive function【答案】递归函数10. provisional agenda【答案】临时议程11. ready-made garment【答案】成衣12. United Nation secretariat【答案】联合国秘书处13. Global Environment Facility【答案】全球环境基金14. International Refugee Organization 【答案】国际难民组织15. The World Travel and Tourism Council 【答案】世界旅行和旅游理事会16. 种族歧视【答案】race discrimination17. 就职演说【答案】inaugural speech18. 和谐共赢【答案】harmonious and win-win19. 文化事业【答案】cultural undertakings20. 全民健身【答案】nationwide fitness programs21. 本地化服务【答案】localization services22. 产能过剩行业【答案】industries with excess capacity23. 放宽市场准入【答案】liberalize market access24. 自主创新能力【答案】capacity for independent innovation25. 载人航天飞行【答案】manned space flight26. 促进生态修复【答案】promote ecological restoration27. 公共卫生体系【答案】public health system28. 科技成果产业化【答案】industrialization of scientific and technological achievements 29. 多语言跨文化交际【答案】multi-language cross- cultural communication30. 古为今用，洋为中用【答案】make the past serve the present, to make foreign things serve China二、英译汉：As long as there is class division and social inequality, Karl Marx will be the most relevant social thinker of the twenty-one century……三、汉译英：科学家们花了300年的时间，通过做实验并进行计算，才确定了光在真空中惊人的传播速度：每秒钟186,282英里（约折合299,784公里）。
2013年华中师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年华中师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Chevrolet正确答案：雪佛兰2．Nokia正确答案：诺基亚3．Greyhound正确答案：美国灰狗长途汽车4．International Herald Tribune正确答案：《国际先驱论坛报》5．The Merchant of Venice正确答案：《威尼斯商人》6．Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)正确答案：东南亚国家联盟7．Out of Africa正确答案：《走出非洲》8．Roman Holidays正确答案：《罗马假日》9．The Lion King正确答案：《狮子王》10．The Women Warrior正确答案：《女战士》11．Play Boy正确答案：《花花公子》12．New Yorker正确答案：《纽约客》13．Fortune正确答案：《财富》14．Olay正确答案：玉兰油15．Starbuck正确答案：星巴克汉译英16．本地化正确答案：localization17．时间表正确答案：time-table18．审校正确答案：proofreading19．钉子户正确答案：nail household(a Chinese term for those who refuse to give up the house or land when it is called for by the government)20．房产证正确答案：property ownership certificate 21．商品房正确答案：commercial residential building 22．停车位正确答案：parking lot23．物业税正确答案：property tax24．社会保障体系正确答案：the social security system25．人才战略正确答案：talent strategy26．廉租房正确答案：low-rent house27．强国战略正确答案：strategy of invigorating the country 28．人才政策正确答案：personnel policy29．高雅艺术正确答案：high art30．秒杀正确答案：seckill英汉互译英译汉31．A century ago American men outnumbered and outlived the women. But in the 20th century, women began living longer, primarily because pregnancy and childbirth had become less dangerous. The gap grew steadily. In 1946, for the first time ever in the United States, females outnumbered males.Part of the reasons are self-inflicted. Men smoke more than Women, drink more take more life-threatening chances. Men are murdered(usually by other men)three times as often as women are. They commit suicide at a higher rate and have more than twice as many fatal car accidents as women do. Men are more likely to be involved in alcohol-related fatalities. Men drivers!But behavior doesn’t explain away the longevity gap. Nor is stress the answer. In the 1950s, as heart disease claimed more and more male victims, pressure in the corporate boardroom was blamed. Let women venture out of the home and into the line office, doctors said, and they would begin dying at the same rate as men. But a funny thing happened on the way to the funeral. Between 1950 and 1985, the percentage of employed women in the United States nearly doubled. Those working women, several studies have found, are as healthy as women at home.正确答案：一个世纪以前，美国男人的数量和寿命都超过女人。
2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1.bailout【答案】紧急救助2.Ground Zero【答案】“爆心投影点”组织3.clean energy【答案】清洁能源4.administrative transparency【答案】政务透明5.healthcare reform package【答案】医改方案fortable Housing Project【答案】安居工程7.proactive fiscal policy【答案】积极的财政政策8.home appliances going to the countryside 【答案】家电下乡9.administrative accountability【答案】行政问责制10.disaster relief【答案】赈灾;灾难援助11.top legislative body【答案】最高立法机关12.defense expenditure【答案】国防支出13.rural left-behind population【答案】农村留守人口14.minimum living standard【答案】低保15.Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach【答案】实事求是16.capacity for independent innovation【答案】自主创新能力17.the non-public sector of the economy【答案】非公有制经济18.the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents【答案】城乡居民基本生活保障制度19.the campaign to educate Party members in preserving/to retain their vanguard nature【答案】保持党员先进性教育活动20.the imbalance between urban and rural areas【答案】城乡发展不平衡二、将下列短语译成英语21.国有企业【答案】state-owned enterprise22.基本医疗体制【答案】basic medicine system23.扩大内需【答案】expand domestic demand24.政府工作报告【答案】Report on the Work of the Government25.基本医疗保险【答案】basic medical insurance26.全球变暖【答案】global warming27.社会福利制度【答案】social welfare system28.三险一金【答案】three insurances(endowment insurance，medical insurance，and unemployment insurance)and one fund(housing provident fund)29.气候变化【答案】climate change30.开幕式致辞【答案】opening speech31.党内民主【答案】inner-party democracy32.改革攻坚【答案】further reform in difficult areas 33.脱离实际、急于求成【答案】unrealistic pursuit of quick results34.诚信缺失【答案】lack of credibility35.和而不同【答案】harmony in diversity36.科学发展观【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development37.文化市场【答案】Cultural market38.文化扶贫计划【答案】Culture-aid Program39.事业编制【答案】staffing of government affiliated institutions40.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要【答案】the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development三、将下列短文译成汉语In the United States,imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up,and consumption is down.(41)The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous.Some important changes in U.S.energy use have occurred.(42)The price of oil has been decontrolled.the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filled,。
英语翻译基础考研模拟试题及详解(一)【圣才出品】
英语翻译基础考研模拟试题及详解（一）I. Translate the following terms into Chinese. (15 points, 1 point each)1. Localization2. APEC3. MT4. ATA5. BRIC6. Budget Deficit7. Full Refunds8. Paternity Test9. Price Ceiling10. Money Laundering11. Microblog12. Performance Appraisal13. Market Share14. Translation Shift15. Subtitling【答案】1. 本地化2. 亚太经贸合作组织3. 机器翻译4. 大西洋公约协会（Atlantic Treaty Association）5. 金砖四国（Brazil，Russia，India，China）6. 预算赤字7. 全额赔偿8. 亲权认定；亲子鉴定9. 价格上限；最高价10. 洗钱11. 微博12. 绩效考核13. 市场占有率；市场份额14. 翻译转移15. 配字幕Ⅱ. Translate the following terms into English. (15 points, 1 point each)1. 实体经济2. 住房公积金3. 房奴4.不动产5. 债权人6. 纯收入7. 欧债危机8. 增值税9. 国际评级机构10. 免税11. 不可抗力12. 资产负债表13. 醉驾14. 转基因水稻15. 政府采购【答案】1. entity economy；real economy；substantial economy2. house provident fund3. mortgage slave4. real property5. creditor6. net income7. European debt crisis8. value-added tax9. International rating agency10. tax exemption11. force majeure12. balance sheet13. drunk driving14. transgenic rice15. government procurementⅢ. Translate the following passages into Chinese. (60 points)There’s no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it’s been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming and trying to figure out what to do about it.Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up. Between 1985 and 2009, satellites recorded the nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius in just 10 years. That difference may seem small you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish.The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say datas on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around theworld.That’s going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren’t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by the rapid warming of the planet. Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air.That’s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC (联合国气候变化框架公约) . Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solntions to the challenges of a warming world.【参考译文】毫无疑问，过去几十年里，地球上的平均温度比过去几百年都要高。
2013年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether30items in this part of the test, 15in English and15in Chinese,with one point for each(30′)1.ADB【答案】亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank)C【答案】中国强制认证(China Compulsory Certification)3.CITIC【答案】中国国际信托投资公司(China International Investment and Trust Corporation)4.FTAC【答案】对外贸易仲裁委员会(Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission)5.ICRC【答案】红十字国际委员会(International Committee of the Red Cross)6.IOC【答案】国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)7.UNDP【答案】联合国开发计划署(United Nations Development Programme)8.WFP【答案】世界粮食计划署(World Food Programme)9.WIPO【答案】世界知识产权组织(World Intellectual Property Organization)10.make academic fraud a crime【答案】设立学术欺诈罪11.data falsification【答案】数据伪造12.asset price bubbles【答案】资产价格泡沫13.required reserve ratio【答案】法定准备金率14.subprime crisis【答案】次贷危机15.soak up liquidity【答案】回收流动性17.云计算【答案】cloud computing18.新能源示范城【答案】new-energy model city19,生态旅游【答案】ecotourism20.酒精呼气测试【答案】breath alcohol test21.文化软实力【答案】cultural soft power 22.农村合作医疗【答案】rural cooperative medical system23.环保彩票【答案】environmental lottery24.转基因食品【答案】genetically modified food25.房地产信托资金【答案】real estate trust funds26.热钱流入【答案】hot money inflow27.基准利率【答案】benchmark interest rate28.社会福利制度【答案】social welfare system29.赈灾【答案】disaster relief30.创新型社会【答案】innovation-driven societyII.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into their target!language respectively.(120′)Source Text1:What is a black hole?Well,it’s difficult to answer this question,since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space(not a thing) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape–not even light. So we can’t see a black hole.A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter.It is only space–or so we think.How can this happen?The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point;they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs.From earth,a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.Binary stars,as their name suggests,are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.In some binary systems,astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star,a“partner”to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star,which exerts such a great force,be a black hole?Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too,which might have black holes as companions.The story of black holes is just beginning.Speculations about them are endless. There might bea massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.Mankind may one day meet this fate.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.These speculations sound like science fiction.But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers.They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.(346 words)【关键词】supernova超新星galaxy银河，星系【参考译文】什么是黑洞?说起来，很难回答这个问题，因为通常我们用来描述科学现象的这个术语在这里就不恰当了。
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2013年华东师范大学357英语翻译基础真题及详解一、将下列短语译成英语1.文化体制改革【答案】reform of cultural administrative system2.民族凝聚力【答案】enhance national cohesiveness3.“文化兴国”战略【答案】strategy of invigorating the country through culture4.做大做强新闻传媒产业【答案】to make the news media industry grow strong and fast5.加强诚信建设【答案】strengthen the development of a credibility system6.社会事业【答案】social undertakings7.发挥各地特色和优势【答案】make full use of local features and advantages8.扎实推进教育公平【答案】to promote educational fairness soundly9.外资企业法【答案】Law on Foreign-funded Enterprises10.高等教育法【答案】Higher Education Law11.商标法【答案】Trademark Act12.一次性生活补贴【答案】one-time living allowance13.聘任【答案】recruit sb.through invitation14.基层锻炼【答案】exercise at a grassroots unit15.计算机软件保护条例【答案】Regulations for the Protection of Computer Software二、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE1Rights of the Copyright OwnerRights of reproduction,distribution,anal display.The author of a work possesses,at the beginning,a bundle of rights that collectively make up copyright. They belong originally to the author,who can sell,rent,give away,will,or transfer them in some other way,individually or as a package,to whomever the author wishes.When a work is to be published,the author normally-transfers some or all of these rights to the publisher,by formal agreement.Two of these rights are basic from the publisher's point of View:the right to make copies of the work (traditionally by printing and now often by digital reproduction)and the right to distribute such copies to the public-in sum,to publish the work.In the case of online publishing,reproduction and distribution blend into the act of transmitting the work on demand to the reader's computer.A"third right-the right of public display-applies to online exploitation of works.A work is publicly displayed when made viewable online;if the user downloads or prints out the material concerned a distribution of a copy also occurs.【参考译文】复制权、发行权和展览权。
起初，作者拥有的一系列权利构成了著作权。
它们本来属于某些作者，而这些作者能够通过其他方式或个人渠道来销售，出租，放弃或转让作品给其他有需要的作者。
每当一部作品要出版的时候，作者通常会同意把这些权利部分或全部转让给出版商。
其中在出版商看来最基本的两个权利就是复制权（传统意义上都是纸质印刷品，现在通常是电子复制品）和发行权。
总之，所做的都是为了作品的发表。
通过网络出版作品的情况下，复制权和发行权都会夹杂着电脑前读者的需求而传播作品的行为。
第三项权利——展览权——适用于作品的网络开发。
如果一部作品可以在线观看，就是使用了公开展览权；如果通过用户下载或打印出来的作品，就属于作品的发行权。
PASSAGE2Derivative work and performance rights.A fourth and very"important right is.the right to make what the law terms derivative works-that is,works based on or derived from the original work,such as translations,abridgments,dramatizations, or other adaptations.A revised edition of a published work is generally noticeably different enough from the prior edition to qualify as a derivative work with a separate copyright.The fifth basic copyright right,the right of public performance, has only limited relevance for literary works as such;it applies,for example,when a poet gives a public reading of a poem.However,it has great significance for other works,such as motion pictures,that may spring from literary works.【参考译文】作品衍生权和表演权。
第四项非常重要的权利就是法律条款衍生作品的权利——也就是在原作品的基础上衍生而来，或通过翻译，删节，戏剧化或者改编原作品而来。
已发表作品的修订版一般来说是和以前的版本有明显不同的，而且有资格作为一个独立版权的衍生作品。
第五个基本的著作权——公开表演权——只有文学作品有这样的有限相关性。
比如说，当一个诗人在公众场合阅读一首诗的时候便可以享有这个权利。
然而，对于其他像来自文学作品的动画电影作品而言，这项权利就有着重大的意义。
三、将下列短文译成英语40年前，联合国在这里召开了首次人类环境会议，发表了具有划时代意义的历史性文献《人类环境宣言》，形成了人类环境行动计划，提出了一个响遍世界的口号：只有一个地球!那次会议标志着人类对环境问题的普遍觉醒，开启了可持续发展的新纪元。
中国的环保和可持续发展事业也从此摆上ZF的重要日程。
今天，我们隆重纪念这一历史盛会，重温宣言的经典篇章，更加赞叹前人的远见卓识，更能领悟当代人的重大责任。
中国是可持续发展的坚定支持者和实践者。
在中国的传统价值观中，蕴含着可持续发展精神。
两千多年前，中国古代哲学家就提出“天人合一”、“道法自然”的思想，倡导人与自然和谐相处，这是可持续发展追求的最高境界。
40年来，中国参加了可持续发展理念形成和发展中具有里程碑意义的历次国际大会，我们把节约资源、保护环境确立为基本国策，把可持续发展战略上升为国家战略。
进入新世纪，我们将科学发展观确立为经济社会发展的重要指导方针，其基本要求是坚持以人为本、实现全面协调可持续发展。
中国人讲求言必信、行必果。
40年来，我们用可持续发展的丰富实践，忠实地履行对国内人民和国际社会的承诺。
我们实行最严格的耕地和水资源管理制度，用占世界不足10%的耕地和人均仅有世界水平28%的水资源，养活了占世界1/5的人口。
我们几十年如一日坚持植树造林，建成的人工林已达62万平方公里。
（选自《温家宝谈可持续发展》）【参考译文】Four decades ago here,the United Nations held the first conference on the human environment.It adopted an epoch-making document,the Declaration on the Human Environment and the Action Plan for the Human Environment,and made a resounding appeal—“Only One Earth”.That conference awakened mankind to the environmental issue and ushered in a new era of sustainable development.Since then,environmental protection and sustainable development have become a high priority on the agenda of the Chinese government.Today,as we commemorate that historic conference and as the call of the Declaration comes to mind again,we cannot but all the more marvel at the vision of our predecessors and be more keenly aware of the major responsibilities that we,the present generation,have on our shoulders.China is committed to pursuing sustainable development.As a matter of fact, sustainable development is embodied in China’s traditional values.Over2,000 years ago,Chinese philosophers called for maintaining“unity between heaven and man”and following“the law of nature”so as to achieve harmony between man and nature.As we see it,this is the ultimate goal for us in pursuing sustainable development.Over the past40years,China has attended all the international conferences which were crucial in shaping and enriching the concept of sustainable development.China takes resources conservation and environmental protection as a state policy and pursues sustainable development as a national strategy.Entering the21st century,China is pursuing economic and social development under the guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development,a fundamental principle which。