Conversion
汉英翻译技巧之词类转换法_Conversion
汉英翻译技巧之词类转换法ConversionConversion: Conversion is also a common practice in Chinese-English translation. It is to change the part of speech into another.1. Verbs to be converted into Nouns.1) 林则徐认为，要成功地制止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片销毁。
Lin Zexu believed that a successful of the trade in opium should be preceded by a of the drug itself.2) 邓小平在“十一大”上说：“一定要少说空话，多做工作”。
Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress,“There must be and .” (v.--n.)3) 绝对不许违反这个原则。
No of this principle can be tolerated. (v.—n.)4)采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。
The of this new device will greatly cut down/reduce the percentage of defective products.5) 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
He raising the quality of products in his speech.6) 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国。
Thanks to the Chinese people’s unrelenting and heroic during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to conquer/subjugate/disintegrate China, nor will it ever be able to do so.7) 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。
Conversion(转换法)分析
• 5.Is this train for Chicago? (Is this train going to Chicago?)
• 这趟火车是开往芝加哥的吗?
• 6.With these words she went away (After saying these，she went away) • 说完这些话，她便走开了。
• 汉语动词的重复或重叠，以及与此相关的句式排比或 对偶，可以明显地加强汉语动态感的表现力。英语动 词一般不能重叠，也较少重复，甚至常常在需要重复 的地方省略。相比之下，汉语动词出现的频率就更高 了 • 说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。 • Talking and laughing，running and jumping，the children had a good time．
Drills
1. She is familiar with English. 她精通英文。 2. We seek a better understanding through economic, cultural, scientific, technical and human ties. 我们试图通过经济，文化，科学，技术和 人际关系来增进相互之间的理解。 3. These are the ideas characteristic of the advanced class. 这些观点是正确的，它们在先进阶级中具 有代表性。
Conversion of Sentence Members（转 换句子成分）
• (1) Objects converted into Subjects （宾语转作主语） • 1. The earth has the shape of a spheroid. • 地球的形状是椭圆形的。 • 2. The road has an ascent of five degrees. • 这条路的坡度为五度。
翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)
翻译转换法（亦称“转译”）转换法（conversion）所谓转换法（也称转译），是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用，以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段，是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局，化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。
它不仅指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化，当然主要是词类的变化。
By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.（一）词性转换一般说来，在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的，也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。
英译汉教程Unit_4_conversion_课后习题答案
Unit 4 Conversion（转换法）Drills 4.1.1a.16. 绝不允许违反这个规则。
17．我无意让这件事是你厌烦。
18．激光视近年来最为轰动的成就之一，因为激光可以应用于许多科学领域，也适合于各种实际用途。
19．关切保护公共财物，应不限于仅防止盗窃与破坏。
20．我们反对一切侵略战争。
21．屠杀共和党人的事件，以及随之颁布的取缔报刊和结社权利的九月法令，都是他一手干出来的。
22．难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想起三十六年前的往事。
23．必须明确承认国与国之间平等的原则。
24．这一发现开创了空气静力学这一门学科。
25．这样的岩石最适宜储存地下水。
26．这家商店有多种鞋帽可供选购。
27．总统竭力主张大大扩大导弹和空间计划。
28．要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。
29．两位领导人就中美关系和国际事务认真、坦率地交换了意见。
30．海洋法条约的谈判，经过六年的审议，实际上已与上周结束了。
31．演讲者号召人们打到帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制度，解放中国和受压迫者。
32．从事诸如武装进攻、海上封锁和向武装恐怖分子集团提供援助之类的行动，都被认为是一种侵略。
33．第三代电子电路是沿着晶体管的发展趋势发展起来的。
34．本文结尾讨论了使用数学力学模型来研究地质构造成因的重要性。
35．这个王宫综合了不同时期的不同建筑风格。
36．这表示承认你个人的资格及贵国为国际合作所做的贡献。
37．每个国家需要什么来保卫自己的安全，只有它自己才能做出做好的决定。
38．人群一看见贵宾的车队，就关乎起来了。
39．要交流世界各国文化，就必须学习外语。
40．使用原子武器显然违反国际法。
41．他们慢慢地顺着北冰洋沿岸航行，一路仔细观察。
42．该国再三企图把这条原则说成是宣传花招。
43．晶体管是最近才发展起来的。
44．我们只有充分发挥人的主动性，才能更好地利用机器来改造自然。
Drills 4.1.1 b(1)加注S（主）或O（宾）并翻译。
Conversion(转换法)
Conversion（转换法）Conversion of Word Classes（转换词类）Translate the following and compare the parts of speech employed in English and Chinese:1. 他请求领导分配他到基层去工作。
(5 verbs)2. 你写信叫他派人想办法去了解全部情况。
(6 verbs)3. 我去叫他派一个会计到这儿来帮助你算账吧。
(7 verbs)Conversion from English Nouns and Adjectives into Chinese Verbs and Adverbs（英语名词、形容词转换为汉语动词、副词）Examples:1. All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclearweapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。
（cf. 核武器的全面的禁止和彻底的销毁）2. Ford’s first pledge was, “Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty.”福特一开始就保证说，“总统先生，我支持你，并效忠于你。
”（cf. 你有我的支持和我的效忠）3. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
（cf. 已经发现宇宙探索的应用）4.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and anexcessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.过去二十年，我们坐视我们的原料价格下跌，而工业品价格却暴涨。
conversion转译法
2. 形容词→名词 1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员 2) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant --- but a little soft 史蒂文森有口才，有风度，但有点软弱
3) The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology. 克里姆林宫正在转向西方寻求资金和技术
4) “Coming!”. Away she skipped over the lawn, up the patch, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porth “来了”，她转身蹦蹦跳跳地离开了草地， 跑上了小路，跨上了台阶，穿过了阳台， 进了门廊
三、动词的转换
英语中有许多从名词派生而来或有名词转 用的动词, 它们大都难以直接译成汉语动词, 因而需要将其转换成名词后再译出, 同时往 往还需调整相关词语的词类和语序, 或适当 增词加以补充, 使译文更加完整, 通顺
1. He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. 他昨天请我在饭馆里吃了一顿像样的午餐
4. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这种材料的特点是绝缘性好并且耐磨性强
5. The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 这项设计的目标是自动操作、调节简单、 维护简易、生产率高
Conversion(转换法).
• 2)Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence or not of acid in a solution．
• 石蕊试纸可用于指示溶液中是否含有酸。
Conversion from English Adjectives into Chinese Verbs
cooperative．(cooperate well) • 学生合作得很好，老师向学生表示感谢。 • 3)The doctor felt sympathetic with his patients．(sympathize) • 医生同情他的病人。
• 不少动词可以用其同源形容词来表达，如：support-supportive， thank-thankful，create-creative，sleep-asleep等。
Conversion （转换法）
• ．The doctor’ s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery． 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因 此病人很快就康复了。
3. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.
要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。 4. Transistors are fairly recent development.
晶体管就是这几年发展起来的。
• 汉语动词的重复或重叠，以及与此相关的句式排比或 对偶，可以明显，甚至常常在需要重复 的地方省略。相比之下，汉语动词出现的频率就更高 了
Conversion词的转换译法
Conversion词的转换译法（1）大体可分为7 种：①词类转换（转性）；②句子成分转换；③表达方式转换；④自然语序和倒装语序转换；⑤正面表达与反面表达转换；⑥主动语态与被动语态转换；⑦分句转换。
Converted into verb英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。
1. Noun-->verb一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1. 名词派生的动词1）Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。
2）To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. 名词转用的动词1）Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。
2）The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。
3）As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。
Practice1.My admiration for him grows more and more.我对他越来越钦佩了。
2.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studies of current affairs.了解世界历史对研究时事很有帮助。
转译法 Conversion
v
Carlisle Street runs westwards, across a great black bridges, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat markets, past single-stories homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
Omission&Conversion
Part-time waitress applicants who worked at a job would be given preference over those who had not,
业余服务员招牌，有工作经验者优先 『分析』：减译：“没经验的”；转译：被动转主动 They are doubtful whether he can afford it.
Amplification&Conversion
The so-called precious pearls have been found to be common stones. 已经发现，那些所谓的宝珠竟然是些普通的石头。 『分析』：增译法：“竟然”；转译法：被动 转为 主动。
They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。 『分析』：增译：“被人”；转译：形容词转为名 词
转译法
Conversion
conversion
Parts
comparison
summary
转译法
在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上 的差异，就不能机械地按原文词类逐词翻译。 如果翻译时不进行此类转换，汉文译文读起来 可能就别扭，不符合汉语的表达法。因此，根 据汉语的表达习惯，需进行各种词类之间的转 换，以便使得汉语译文通顺达意。
Conversion 词类转译ppt课件
一、英译汉的词类转换
1. 名词转译为动词
A. 由动词派生的名词
词
1） We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.
类
我们已经把使用和发明工具，从区分动物和人类行为的方法
ppt课件完整
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3. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
4. 介词与动词的互相转译
英语中的一些介词和介词短语具有动作意义，在翻译中可以转换成 汉语动词，例如：
1) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷。
A. 名词派生的动词 1) An interest in people’s deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 对人们最深沉感情的关注，是她所有著作的特征。
2) She personifies beauty and grace. 她是美丽与优雅的化身。
转
中排除出去了。
译
2）Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape
quickly.
还有一种对付敌人的方式是，要么防卫可靠，要么能够迅速
逃逸。
ppt课件完整
ppt课件完整
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3. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
3. 形容词与副词的转译
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Conversation
Objective: This lesson is designed to increase the student’s ability to make a whole conversation when making new friends.
When making new friends., there are usually three parts to the conversation you will have with your new friend.
Greeting
The first is the greeting.
In this part, you and your new friend will greet each other and tell each other your names.
Different forms of greetings.
Our world is divided into many different countries which have many different races of people, different customs, and different manners. Each country has its own way of greeting people. How many different ways of greetings do you know?
● A handshake
● A handshake and pat on the back
●Kiss on the cheek
●Japanese bowing
●Going in for a high five greeting
●High Five
● A hug
Small talk/Matters
Sometimes the conversation is small talk and some times the conversation is about important matters, such as business. "Small talk" is a slang term. It means that the conversation is about matters that are not very important. When conversing with your new friend, it is customary to give information about your family, your work, or you will talk about any matter that is important to you and your new friend.
Family
Yeah, I'm the third child.
Who are these people in the picture? Do you live with your parents?
No, they live in Shanghai, my hometown.
I know you have a son. How old is he? He's going on six.
You really are lucky! How many people are there in your family?
Do you have any brothers and sisters? You do have a happy family!
You are proud father.
It's not easy to raise a child these days. You shouldn't spoil your child.
Sports
What's your favorite sport? Basketball. I'm a basketball fan.
What's the most popular sport in your country?
Table tennis.
What kind of sport do you often do?
I do jogging. How about you? What sport do you like best? Michael Jordan is my hero. I'm crazy about football.
I'm good at ball games.
I often work out.
Leave-talking
The third part of the conversation is the leave-taking.
In this part, you tell your new friend that you are happy to meet him and that you must end the conversation.
Nice meeting you.
Nice talking to you.
Call me or E-mail me. See you around/soon. Bye for now.
See you next week. Catch you later. Have a good time!
Have a nice weekend.
Have a nice trip/a good journey! Take care!
Good luck!。