Conversion_词类转换

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12种英语构词方法

12种英语构词方法

12种英语构词方法一、转化法(Conversion)转化法是指将一个词从一种词类转化为另一种词类,而不改变其词形。

例如,“smile”原为动词,意为“微笑”,但也可以转化为名词“微笑”。

二、合成法(Compounding)合成法是指将两个或更多的词组合在一起形成一个新词。

例如,“notebook”由“notebook”和“book”两个词组合而成。

三、缀合法(Affixation)缀合法是指通过添加前缀或后缀来改变一个词的词性、时态、复数形式等。

例如,“unhappy”中的“un-”是一个前缀,表示“不”的意思。

四、缩略法(Abbreviation)缩略法是指将一个较长的词缩短为一个较短的词。

例如,“telephone”可以缩略为“phone”。

五、逆生法(Backformation)逆生法是指将一个较长的词缩短为一个较短的词,并添加一个后缀来恢复原词的完整形式。

例如,“telecast”可以逆生为“broadcast”。

六、拟声法(Onomatopoeia)拟声法是指模仿声音来创造新词。

例如,“clang”模仿了金属碰撞的声音。

七、缀词法(Clipping)缀词法是指将一个词的前部分或后部分去掉,只保留中间部分。

例如,“ advertisement”可以缀为“ad”。

八、首字母缩写法(Acronymy)首字母缩写法是指将一组词的首字母组合成一个新词。

例如,“NATO”是“North Atlantic Treaty Organization”的首字母缩写。

九、混成法(Blending)混成法是指将两个或更多的词的部分混合在一起形成一个新词。

例如,“spaghetti”由“spaghetti”和“bottle”两个词混合而成。

十、词类转换法(Word Class Conversion)词类转换法是指将一个词从一种词类转换为另一种词类,同时改变其词形。

例如,“smile”可以转换为名词“smile”。

EST Unit 4

EST Unit 4
f Verbs.
1.
2.
Verbs to nouns: (最为常见) This system will build on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products. The cornea(角膜) works in much the same way that the lens of a camera focuses light to create an image on film.
EST Translation
Unit 4 Conversions
Conversion 词类转换法
I. 名词化和名词转译 : n.-v. n.-a. n.-ad. II. 动词转译: v.-n. III. 形容词转译: a.-n. / a.-汉语动词 / a.-汉语副词
Conversion

Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
This steam engine is only about 15 percent efficient (a.n.). If a body weighs 50 kilograms, it means that the earth attracts the body with a force of 50 kilograms. (v.-n.) The wave beam (波束) can be efficiently radiated from conveniently short antenna (天线). (ad.-a.) The scale under the pointer reads directly in amperes (安培数). (v.-n.) A highly developed physical science is characterized by an extensive use of mathematics. (v.-n.) Geology is concerned with systematic study of rocks and minerals. (n.-v.)

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)转换法(conversion)所谓转换法(也称转译),是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用,以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。

转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段,是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局,化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。

它不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化,当然主要是词类的变化。

By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.(一)词性转换一般说来,在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的,也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)转换法(conversion)所谓转换法(也称转译),是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用,以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。

转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段,是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局,化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。

它不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化,当然主要是词类的变化。

By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.(一)词性转换一般说来,在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的,也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。

conversion语言学名词解释

conversion语言学名词解释

conversion语言学名词解释Conversion语言学Conversion语言学是一门研究语言中的转换现象的学科。

它探究语言中的词类变化、词汇转换及词义转移等现象。

以下是与Conversion语言学相关的名词及其示例解释:1. Conversion(词类转换)•定义:词类转换是通过改变词的词形或词义来将一个词从一个词类转换为另一个词类的语言现象。

•示例:–“water” (名词)可以通过转换为动词形式“to water”(动词)来表示”给植物浇水”的动作。

2. Zero-derivation(零派生)•定义:零派生是一种词类转换形式,它通过改变词的词法特征来将一个词从一个词类转换为无任何词形变化的另一个词类。

•示例:–“to email” (动词)通过零派生转换为“email”(名词)来表示”电子邮件”。

3. Back-formation(逆构词)•定义:逆构词是从某个词的派生词中移除词缀,从而形成一个新的词。

•示例:–“editor” (名词)通过逆构词转换为“edit” (动词)来表示”编辑”的动作。

4. Suppletion(替代派生)•定义:替代派生是一种通过改变词的词根或词干来进行词类转换的形式。

•示例:–“good” (形容词)通过替代派生转换为“the good”(名词)来表示”好的人或事物”。

5. Metonymy(转喻)•定义:转喻是一种通过语义转移将词从原本的意义转换为与其有关的其他意义的语言现象。

•示例:–“crown” (皇冠)通过转喻转换为“the monarchy”(君主制)来表示”国家的王权”。

6. Synecdoche(提喻)•定义:提喻是一种通过将一个词代表的整体改为代表其一部分,或者将代表一部分的词改为代表整体的语言现象。

•示例:–“bread” (面包)通过提喻转换为“food” (食物)来表示”食物的一种”。

7. Conversionalization(语言化)•定义:语言化是指将某个词或短语从其他语言借用并转换为与本土语言相适应的语言现象。

第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法

第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法
译文:发达国家拥有大量的熟练劳动力和资本,所以它 们能集中生产很多技术密集型的产品,比如计算机、飞 机等等。
析: 形容词翻译成汉语中的动词的现象是不多见的, 另外,英语形容词往往需要和系动词be相搭配才可以被 转换成汉语中的动词。因此,严格地说,是英语中的 “be+形容词”的系表结构可以被转换成汉语中的动词。 本例中原文are rich in被翻译成汉语中的动词结构“拥 有大量的…”即是典型的例子。
1.具备动态概念的名词转译成动词
The sight of the boy reminds me of this passed father.
看到那个男孩,使我想起来他已故的父亲。 The love of parents for their children is perfect
and minute. 父母爱其子是无微不至的。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to
译文:他眼角的余光还能瞥见窗外的景色。 这里是工业区,此刻一片萧条景象。
析: 这里将industrial翻译成“工业区”, 将sad翻译成“一片萧条景象”立即使飘忽 不定的东西变得具有可感性。
3. 形容词转译成名词
The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
3. 形容词转译成名词
Stevenson was eloquent and elegant but soft. 史蒂文森有口才,有风度,但很软弱。 They were considered insincere. 他们被人认为是伪君子。
4. 名词转译成形容词
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.

Lecture 3 Conversion 翻译词类转换

Lecture 3  Conversion 翻译词类转换
• 事实证明了这一报告是客观而正确的。
• The problem above is of great importance.
•I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming, I think my little brother is a better teacher than I . • 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟 比我教得好。 • He is a good listener and they like to talk with him. • 他能倾听别人的意见,因此他们喜欢 和他聊。
• Your work is characterized by the lack of attention to detail. • 你工作的特点(缺点)是不注意细节。 • Secondly, I was better shaped. • 其次,我的身材也好些。 • In Europe, the color white symbolizes purity. • 在欧洲,白色是纯洁的象征。
Adv. in English——Verb in Chinese
• 英语中的副词(尤其是作表语表语时)常转译为 汉语动词:
• I must be off now. • 我必须得走了。 • The performance is on. • 表演正在进行。
• Who invited you out for the evening yesterday? • 昨晚谁邀请你出去的? • What film will be on this evening? • 今晚放映什么影片? • He finally got his report down to three pages. • 他最后将报告压缩到了三页。

Conversion 词类转译ppt课件

Conversion 词类转译ppt课件
词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
一、英译汉的词类转换
1. 名词转译为动词
A. 由动词派生的名词

1) We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.

我们已经把使用和发明工具,从区分动物和人类行为的方法
ppt课件完整
5
3. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
4. 介词与动词的互相转译
英语中的一些介词和介词短语具有动作意义,在翻译中可以转换成 汉语动词,例如:
1) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷。
A. 名词派生的动词 1) An interest in people’s deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 对人们最深沉感情的关注,是她所有著作的特征。
2) She personifies beauty and grace. 她是美丽与优雅的化身。

中排除出去了。

2)Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape
quickly.
还有一种对付敌人的方式是,要么防卫可靠,要么能够迅速
逃逸。
ppt课件完整
ppt课件完整
3
3. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
3. 形容词与副词的转译
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1、Converting into Verbs
1) Nouns Converted into Verbs • 含有动作意味的名词: • The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me
with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,我感到 心驰神往。 • 由动词派生的名词转译成动词: • Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭己被用来探索宇宙。
在那里,由于地心剧烈活动,使山脉和火山露 出水面。
• The air that sweeps the South Sea Islands is fragrant with flowers and spice.
散发着鲜花和香料芬芳的微风轻轻地吹拂着南 太平洋诸岛。
Warming up Activity
Warming up Activity
• Enchantment of the South Seas
南部诸海的魅力 迷人的南部诸海
• Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water.
英译汉的常用词类转换形式
1、Converting into Verbs 2、Converting into Nouns 3、Converting into Adjectives 4、Converting into Adverbs 5、Conversion of Sentence Elements
1、Converting into Verbs
Unit 3 Conversion 转换
• Warming up Activity:
– Read the passage “Enchantment of South Seas” and discuss in a group s to how to translate the underlined sentences.
• 男人身材高大,妇女婀娜多姿,他们无忧无虑, 好像对世界上的一切都不操心似的。
• The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, ready for the
net. 海洋里鱼鳖成群,张网可得。
• The islanders had little need for clothing.
第六讲 Conversion 转换
• 词类转换是英汉翻译很重要的手段之一,运 用得当,可以使可能生硬晦涩的译文更加灵 活变通,不必拘泥于原文形式,却能更准确 传达出原文内涵。
教学内容:
1. 英译汉的常用词类转换形式 2. 汉译英的词类转换
Ⅰ. Conversion in English-Chinese Translation
1、Converting into Verbs
• 表示动作执行者的名词表达动词意义: • I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
The Pacific islands have changed a great deal since white men first landed on their shores. The peaceful-looking islands are still there, but the people who once lived in such carefree happiness are vanishing. On islands where thousands lived a hundred years ago, only a few score are left.
一些早期的探险家因为太迷恋这些太平洋岛屿 而不再返回自己的国家
• The peaceful-looking islands are still there, but the people who once lived in such carefree happiness are vanishing.
1、Converting into Verbs
• They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Artila. (Nancy Mitford: The Water Beetle)
Enchantment of the South Seas
The mighty Pacific washes the shores of five continents — North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. Its waters mingle in the southeast with the Atlantic Ocean and in the southwest with the Indian Ocean. It is not on the shores of continents or in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky.
When white men first came to the Pacific islands, they found that the people living there were like happy children. They were tall men and beautiful women who seemed not to have a care in the world. Coconut palms and breadfruit trees grew at the doors of their huts. The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, ready for the net. The islanders had little need for clothing. There was almost no disease.
The air that sweeps the South Sea Islands is fragrant with flowers and spice. Bright warm days follow clear cool nights, and the rolling swells break in a never-ending roar on the shores. Overhead the slender coconut palms whisper their drowsy song.
• the rolling swells break in a never-ending roar on the shores
奔腾的巨浪拍打着海岸, 咆哮不止。
• They were tall men and beautiful women who seemed not to have a care in the world.
英语句子中只能有一个谓语动词,因此倾向于 多用名词、形容词和介词表达意思。现代汉语 中动词占优势,一个句子不限于只用一个动词, 可以连续使用几个动词,即所谓的动词连用, 这是现代汉语句法的显著特征之一。 • Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打 水。
岛上人几乎不需要什么衣服。
Warming up Activity
• Cruel and bloody wars sometimes broke out between neighboring tribes,
邻近部落之间有时会爆发残酷的流血战争。
• Some of the early explorers were so fascinated with the Pacific islands that they never returned to their own countries.
Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ringshaped islands called atolls.
• 译文:他们踏上村中草地,看到一张石椅,听说是匈奴王阿 提拉的宝座,就要照相;一个个登上大位,你给我照,我给 你照。(翁显良译)
• 赏析:原文里只使用了两个动词,而译文中却有六七个动词 之多,前面几个动宾结构连用,中间不用任何连接词,纯靠 动作发生的时间先后而产生语义上的关联,读来顺畅,自然。 从另一个角度来看,原文信息焦点在"photograph each other",如将原文后半部译为"互相在据说是匈奴王阿提拉 的宝座的石椅上照相",未免有头重脚轻之嫌,用"一个个登 上大位,你给我照,我给你照" 稍稍展开一下,既弥补了这种 缺陷,又使叙述更加生动,形象。
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