Conversion词的转换译法

Conversion词的转换译法（1）

大体可分为7 种：①词类转换（转性）；②句子成分转换；③表达方式转换；④自然语序和倒装语序转换；⑤正面表达与反面表达转换；⑥主动语态与被动语态转换；⑦分句转换。

Converted into verb

英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。

1. Noun-->verb

一）英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。

1. 名词派生的动词

1）Formality has always characterized their relationship.

他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。

2）To them, he personified the absolute power.

在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。

2. 名词转用的动词

1）Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.

美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。

2）The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.

植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。

3）As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.

他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。

Practice

1.My admiration for him grows more and more.

我对他越来越钦佩了。

2.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studies of current affairs.

了解世界历史对研究时事很有帮助。

3.He said he didn’t know whether the Russians were ready for a showdown.

他说他不知道俄国人是否准备摊牌。

-er, -or-->Verb

He is a heavy drinker and a chain smoker.

他这个人既能抽烟，又能喝酒。

Londoners are great readers.

伦敦人喜欢读书。

2. Adj. -->Verb

Be convinced that…确信…

3. Prep. / Adv -->verb

Are you for or against my opinion?

你赞同还是反对我的观点？

Watermelons are in.

西瓜上市了。

4. take/have/give/make

They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.

他们最后看了铁麦克一眼---它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。

The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.

下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。

II. Converted into Noun

1. Verb-->Noun, such as aim, characterize, impress, etc

The camel is characterized by an ability to go for many days without water.

骆驼的特点是不喝水能行走多日。

What impressed me most was his heroic deed.

他的英雄壮举给我留下了深刻的印象。

有些英语被动式句子中的动词，可以译成"受（遭）到……+名词"、"予（加）

以+名词"这类结构。如：

Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. （由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。）

2. Adj.-->Noun

1. 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译时常译成名词。The decreased死者（表单数）/The accused被告（表单数）/ 其余: the + adj.表复数。/The fittest survive.适者生存。如：

1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.

他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2）Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.

罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。

2. 此外，根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。如：

1）Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft.

史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。

2）They were considered insincere.

他们被人认为是伪君子

III. Adj.-->Adv.

We should make a systematic and comprehensive study of the theory on art and literature.

我们应当系统全面地研究文艺理论。