Conversion词的转换译法
翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)转换法(conversion)所谓转换法(也称转译),是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用,以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段,是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局,化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。
它不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化,当然主要是词类的变化。
By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.(一)词性转换一般说来,在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的,也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。
翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)

翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)转换法(conversion)所谓转换法(也称转译),是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用,以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段,是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局,化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。
它不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化,当然主要是词类的变化。
By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.(一)词性转换一般说来,在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的,也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。
conversion转译法

2. 形容词→名词 1) They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员 2) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant --- but a little soft 史蒂文森有口才,有风度,但有点软弱
3) The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology. 克里姆林宫正在转向西方寻求资金和技术
4) “Coming!”. Away she skipped over the lawn, up the patch, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porth “来了”,她转身蹦蹦跳跳地离开了草地, 跑上了小路,跨上了台阶,穿过了阳台, 进了门廊
三、动词的转换
英语中有许多从名词派生而来或有名词转 用的动词, 它们大都难以直接译成汉语动词, 因而需要将其转换成名词后再译出, 同时往 往还需调整相关词语的词类和语序, 或适当 增词加以补充, 使译文更加完整, 通顺
1. He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. 他昨天请我在饭馆里吃了一顿像样的午餐
4. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
这种材料的特点是绝缘性好并且耐磨性强
5. The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 这项设计的目标是自动操作、调节简单、 维护简易、生产率高
Conversion词的转换译法

Conversion词的转换译法(1)大体可分为7 种:①词类转换(转性);②句子成分转换;③表达方式转换;④自然语序和倒装语序转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换;⑥主动语态与被动语态转换;⑦分句转换。
Converted into verb英语中的某些名词、介词、副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。
1. Noun-->verb一)英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1. 名词派生的动词1)Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。
2)To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. 名词转用的动词1)Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁。
2)The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明。
3)As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。
Practice1.My admiration for him grows more and more.我对他越来越钦佩了。
2.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studies of current affairs.了解世界历史对研究时事很有帮助。
Conversion 词类转译ppt课件

一、英译汉的词类转换
1. 名词转译为动词
A. 由动词派生的名词
词
1) We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.
类
我们已经把使用和发明工具,从区分动物和人类行为的方法
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3. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
4. 介词与动词的互相转译
英语中的一些介词和介词短语具有动作意义,在翻译中可以转换成 汉语动词,例如:
1) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷。
A. 名词派生的动词 1) An interest in people’s deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 对人们最深沉感情的关注,是她所有著作的特征。
2) She personifies beauty and grace. 她是美丽与优雅的化身。
转
中排除出去了。
译
2)Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape
quickly.
还有一种对付敌人的方式是,要么防卫可靠,要么能够迅速
逃逸。
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3. 词类转译——英译汉的词类转换
3. 形容词与副词的转译
词类转移法—conversion

Why conversion is necessary in translating work?
词类转译法是翻译中使用非常普遍的一种技 巧。由于英汉两种语言表达方式和习惯的丌 同 ,丌能在所有的情况下都用“一个萝卜一 个坑”的方法来逐词对译。在翻译过程中要想 做到既忠实原文意思,又符合汉语的表达习惯, 有些句子就丌能逐字翻译,而需要改变某些词 的原来的词性,才能使译文通顺流畅。
译法1:他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他怀疑 的巨大性。 译法2:他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他很大 的怀疑。
2.As he is a perfected stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
译法1:他是这个城市完全的陌生人,所以我希望你给他 必要的帮助 译法2:他对这座城市完全陌生,所以我希望你给他必要 的帮助
What is
conversion?
The act or process of changing something from one form , purpose or system to a different one.
.
爆笑的填坑式翻译
1、how are you ? How old are you? 怎么是你,怎么老是你。 2、you me you me 彼此彼此
3、you give me stop 你给我站住
4、dragon born dragon, chicken born chicken,mouse’s son can make hole! 龙生龙,凤生凤,老鼠的儿子会打洞。
4.The two bodies are so far apart that the attractive force between is negligible. 这两个物体相聚如此之远,他们之间的引力 可以忽略不计。 5.The work at the weather observation stations goes on regularly without any interruption, in spite of any weather conditions. 不管天气情况如何,气象站的工作始终正常 进行,不曾间断。 6.This credit card is especially popular with the travellers who needn't carry a large amount of cash. 旅游者特别喜欢这种信用卡,因为他们不用 携带大量现金
conversion译法
"转换"、"转变"、"变换"、"革新"都可以翻译为conversion。
下面我会对这几种译法进行详细解释并举例说明:1. "转换":这是一个很通用的译法,通常用于表示将一种形式或状态转变为另一种形式或状态。
例如,我们可以说"将数据从一种格式转换为另一种格式"或者"将能源从一种形式转换为另一种形式"。
2. "转变":这个译法通常用于表示重大的、根本性的变化。
它强调的是从一个极端到另一个极端的转变,例如从贫穷到富裕,从消极到积极等。
3. "变换":这个译法强调的是在一定范围内或条件下的变化。
它可能是在同一性质或同一类别下的变化,例如在不同的季节或天气条件下,人们所穿的衣服会有所变换。
4. "革新":这个译法通常用于表示通过创新或改进而实现的变化。
它可能涉及到技术、方法、流程等方面的改变,例如新的生产方法、新的管理理念等。
在具体的使用场景中,这些译法可能会有所不同。
例如,如果涉及到物理设备的转换,我们可能会选择使用"转换"或"革新"。
如果涉及到商业或技术的改变,我们可能会选择"转变"或"变换"。
但是这些译法并非绝对,具体情况还需要根据上下文和语境来判断。
除此之外,还有"转译"、"转业"、"转型"、"转向"等说法,都可以表示某种变化或转变,但具体含义可能会因语境而异,需要具体分析。
以上是对conversion的各种译法的解释和举例,希望对你有所帮助。
Conversion转性译法
6). Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products. 英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好莱坞影片长驱直 入。
1.Conversion to Chinese Verbs (转化为汉语动词)
(1). N. Converted into V.(名—动)
Nouns and noun forms, especially action nouns and other abstract nouns, find their wider use in forms are much preferred in Chinese.
转性译法—在翻译过程中,在保证原文意义不变的
前提下,根据语言的习惯进行词性转换,以确保 译文通顺流畅。
2. Types of Conversion
1). Parts of speech 2). Sentence elements
A. Conversion in E-C Translation I. Conversion of parts of speech 词类转换
1). His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
任何事情,他只要露面,就可大功告成。
2). Rockets have found wide application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经广泛用于探索宇宙
Conversion
Training as a salesperson would guarantee her some employment once her schooling was through. 参加推销员培训就会确保她在学业完成以后能找 到工作做。
③ Adjectives into verbs
英语中表示知觉、情感、想法等心理状态的形容词, 英语中表示知觉、情感、想法等心理状态的形容词,在系动 知觉 等心理状态的形容词 词后用作表语时 往往可转译成动词。 词后用作表语时,往往可转译成动词。 常用的这类形容词有: 常用的这类形容词有: afraid 害怕、担心 anxious 渴望 certain 确信 doubtful 怀疑 aware 觉察 ashamed 惭愧 careful 当心、注意 delighted 喜欢 glad 高兴 sorry 可惜、遗憾 uncertain 不能确定 familiar 熟悉 ignorant 不知道 thankful 感谢 confident 深信 content 满足
South Africa has refused to heed the legitimate appeal of the United Nations for co-operation. 南非无视联合国要求合作的正当呼吁。 Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作,吃的是粗茶淡饭,住的 是冰冷的窑洞,点的是黯淡的油灯。
1.Conversion into Verbs 转译成动词 2.Conversion into nouns 转译成名词 3.Conversion into adjectives 转译成形容词 4.Conversion into adverbs 转译成副词
第5章英汉翻译中的词类转换法
译文:如果存在较大的问题,而且目标没有完成, 那么就需要改变公司的组织或者管理结构。
2. 形容词转译成动词
The developed countries are rich in skilled work force and capital resources, so they can concentrate on producing many technology-intensive products such as computers, aircrafts, and so on.
医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 She is familiar with English. 她通晓英语。
3. 形容词转译成名词
Out of the corner of his eye he could see the landscape. It was industrial and at that hour, sad.
析: 这里将作主语的changes翻译成作谓语的“改 变”,同时将原文中作状语的成分in the company's organizational or managerial structure翻译作“改 变”的宾语成分,一方面避免了原文中被动语态在 汉语译文中的出现,另一方面又使得汉语译文通顺、 自然。
“我想男孩子的思维方式与女孩子是不一样 的” 他说。
He had the kindness to show me the way. 他好意地给我指路。 He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱,但思想健康。
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Conversion词的转换译法(1)大体可分为7 种:①词类转换(转性);②句子成分转换;③表达方式转换;④自然语序和倒装语序转换;⑤正面表达与反面表达转换;⑥主动语态与被动语态转换;⑦分句转换。
Converted into verb英语中的某些名词、介词、副词,翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。
1. Noun-->verb一)英语中很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
1. 名词派生的动词1)Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系,有一个特点,就是以礼相待。
2)To them, he personified the absolute power.在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
2. 名词转用的动词1)Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere after completing their missions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星,按其设计,是在完成使命后,在大气层中焚毁。
2)The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way.植物没有专门的排泄系统,可用同样的方式加以说明。
3)As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时,忘记了穿鞋子。
Practice1.My admiration for him grows more and more.我对他越来越钦佩了。
2.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studies of current affairs.了解世界历史对研究时事很有帮助。
3.He said he didn’t know whether the Russians were ready for a showdown.他说他不知道俄国人是否准备摊牌。
-er, -or-->VerbHe is a heavy drinker and a chain smoker.他这个人既能抽烟,又能喝酒。
Londoners are great readers.伦敦人喜欢读书。
2. Adj. -->VerbBe convinced that…确信…3. Prep. / Adv -->verbAre you for or against my opinion?你赞同还是反对我的观点?Watermelons are in.西瓜上市了。
4. take/have/give/makeThey took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.他们最后看了铁麦克一眼---它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。
The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游行。
II. Converted into Noun1. Verb-->Noun, such as aim, characterize, impress, etcThe camel is characterized by an ability to go for many days without water.骆驼的特点是不喝水能行走多日。
What impressed me most was his heroic deed.他的英雄壮举给我留下了深刻的印象。
有些英语被动式句子中的动词,可以译成"受(遭)到……+名词"、"予(加)以+名词"这类结构。
如:Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. (由于经常受到太阳、月亮以及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。
)2. Adj.-->Noun1. 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人,汉译时常译成名词。
The decreased死者(表单数)/The accused被告(表单数)/ 其余: the + adj.表复数。
/The fittest survive.适者生存。
如:1)They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
2)Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人,热爱并保护穷人。
2. 此外,根据情况还有些形容词可以译成名词。
如:1)Stevenson was eloquent and elegant——but soft.史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。
2)They were considered insincere.他们被人认为是伪君子III. Adj.-->Adv.We should make a systematic and comprehensive study of the theory on art and literature.我们应当系统全面地研究文艺理论。
Conversion词类转译练习1. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.在学习中,独立思考是绝对必要的。
2. If the newspapers want to have a large circulation number, they must be informative, instructive and entertaining.如果报纸想得以大量发行,必须具有知识性、思想性和趣味性。
3. Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.各国社会制度不同,不应妨碍彼此接近和相互合作。
4. We are deeply convinced of the correctness of the reform and opening up policy and firmly determined to pursue it.我们坚信改革开放的正确性,并决心继续奉行。
5. In those years the Republicans are in.在那些年是共和党执政。
6. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them.他们之间始终保持着传统的友好关系。
7. Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我们时代是一场深刻社会变革的见证。
8. Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way.他们沿着北冰洋海岸慢慢地航行,一路仔细观察。
9. Please let us know if our terms are acceptable.请告是否接受我方条款。
10. The new contract would be good for 5 years.新的合同有效期为五年。
11. The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.千百万的非洲人民已经逐渐认识到他们的贫困落后,这就促使他们去采取措施,创造新的条件。
12. We guarantee prompt delivery of goods.我们保证迅速发货。
13. He noticed a very close agreement between the two countries on the Taiwan issue.他注意到两国在台湾问题上的看法是非常一致的。
14. These problems defy easy classification.这些问题难以归类。
15. He personified the evil that was in the world.他是世间一切邪恶的化身。
16. On this question people of different age groups think differently.对于这个问题,不同年龄段的人有不同的看法。
17. He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromise.他的动机是希望达成某种妥协。
18. The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.因此,对于从事社会活动的人来说,培养一种爱好和新的兴趣至关重要。
19. His style is characterized by brevity.他的写作特点是简洁。
20. No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generations back 36 years ago.怪不得老一辈的人看到这个情景就会想起36年前的往事。
21. Every state is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.每个国家应该如何保证他的安全,只有他自己才能做出决策。