定语从句微详版

一、定语------修饰一个名词（或代词，或句子）的句子成分。

根据定语在句中的位置，分为_________定语和________定语。

________定语放在被修饰词的前面，一般由充当；________定语放在被修饰词的后面，一般由充当。

用括号标出各句中的定语，用三角符号(△)标出被修饰词（先行词）。

1. The surprised look on his face suggested that he never imagined that.2. The couple next door whose son was injured in the march demanded to see him.二、定语从句------修饰一个名词、代词或句子的从句。

先行词---------被定语从句所修饰的词。

关系词---------引导定语从句的词，分为关系____词和关系____词。

关系词作用：◢选用正确的关系词，注意以下两点：⑴看先行词(人、物、句子)；⑵看关系词在定语从句中作何成分。

有关定语从句的注意事项：1. 代替物在限定性定语从句中(无,隔开)，全用that在非限定性定语从句中(有,隔开)，或者介词后，全用which2. 代替人，全部用who 介词后的人用whom3. “…的”全部用whose = of whom(人)=of which (物)4. 先行词即有人又有物时用: that5．先行词为way，关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用that, in which或省略。

6．先行词在从句中做状语表示时间---when（stay, occasion）表示地点---where（case , activity, family, point, situation ..等不像地点的表示地点的词）表示原因---why7. as 特殊用法⑴先行词为such, the same, 或先行词前有such, the same；⑵as引导非限制性定语从句，可在主句后，也可在主句前，用以说明整个主句，意为“正如……”“这一点”。

常用表达法有：as we all knowas anybody can see;as is known to all;as has been pointed out ... ；as can be seen; as is expected; as is reported;8. which 的特殊用法在引导非限制性定语从句，在主句后，代替前面整个主句或者主句的一部分，意为“这一点”He was late for school, which made the teacher very angry.定语从句定义：定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。

如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。

组成：定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。

定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。

分类：有“，”隔开的称之为非限定性定语从句，无“，”隔开的称之为限定性定语从句引导词：引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。

定语从句的引导词分为两类关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）关系副词（when, where, why ），关系代词：在从句中，做除谓语与状语以外的成分（关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。

1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。

This is the photo that I took in the country.He is the singer that I met yesterday.2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句The film which we saw last night was moving.3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。

The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。

That is the professor whom you want to know.5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。

I know the boy whose parents are dead.I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.关系副词：在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。

1.when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.I’ll never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.2.where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where( at which ) I studied.3.why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.That’s the real reason why (for which ) he was late.特殊用法：（所有的词都尽量遵循避免重复原则）(一)指物时, 用that而不用which的情况:1 . 先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代词时。

Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt2 . 先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。

e.g. This is the very book that I’m looking for .3 . 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。

e.g. This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen .When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .4. There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导, 不用which 。

e.g. There’s a seat in the corner that is still free .5. 先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。

e.g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday(二)指人时, 有时只用who ,而不用that。

1 . 先行词为指人的代词one , those , the man,以及人称代词如he等。

e.g. Those who are often late for school should be punished .He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man .2 . 先行词为someone (somebody), no one (nobody), anyone (anybody), everyone (everybody) 。

e.g. Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time .3 . 先行词指人时, 如有序数词, 最高级, the very , the only ,the last等修饰, 定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。

e.g. He is the first student who / that worked out the problem .(三) 关系代词whose的用法：whose 在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…”，既可指人=of whom，也可指物of which。

e.g. 1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine .( 划线部分可改为the cover of which或of which the cover )2) They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday .( 划线部分可改为the car of whom 或of whom the car )(四) which的特殊用法：1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句, 有时不是修饰某个先行词, 而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。

特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，which 只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。

e.g. 1) In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries .2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry .2 . which 有时可在定语从句中作定语, 含义上相当于指示代词this / that 。

e.g. 1) He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well .2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing .注意：which的这种用法与whose 作定语不同。

whose 表示“先行词的…”。

e.g. They’re talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten .3 . 以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时, 可借关系代词which把介词前置。