宾语补足语Word版

一、宾语补足语的概念

某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。比如说：

I like to keep everything tidy.

I'm going to paint it pink.

句子中的it显然是宾语。主语将要做的并不是it，而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是执行了paint的动作。

二、宾语补足语与双宾语的区别

宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的，双宾语是同等地位的宾语，二者在本质上是不同的。

1，比如pass me the book中，me是间接宾语，指人，也是近宾语；the book是直接宾语，指物，也是远宾语。又如：They gave him a watch. 这里的him 是间接宾

语, a watch 是直接宾语，这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。

常用宾语：常用的能接双宾语的及物动词有：

give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read等。

2，在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。比如说：

I heard Jean singing this morning.

句子中的Jean显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是Jean，而是Jean singing。

singing 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是Jean执行了singing的动作。句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语。三、宾语补足语的各种形式

能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副

词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。比如：

I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补）

I saw the kite up and down. （up and down是副词做宾补）

Tom made the girl cry. (cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）

1,名词或代词宾格+名词

They named the baby Jim.

We call him Tom.

2, 名词或代词宾格+形容词

They painted the wall white.

I always find her happy and gay(愉快).

3，名词或代词宾格+介宾短语

People praised（称赞）him as a national hero.

The next morning I found him at his machine again.

4，名词或代词宾格+动词不定式

We asked the teacher to explain the difficult sentences again.

The teacher helped him see his error(错误)。

5，名词或代词宾格+分词

I heard somebody knocking at the door.

He had his ankle sprained while playing football.他踢足球时把脚踝扭伤。

注意：

在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1）、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop(阻止)等。

She caught her son smoking a cigarette.

His words started me thinking.

2）、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, perm it, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry,advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require , make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report , bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believ e, allow, prove, declare等。

Their parents don’t allow him to stay out late.

他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。

3）、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, i magine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。She was seen running away from the scene of the crime. 有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开。

I saw you put the key in your pocket. 我见你把钥匙放进了口袋。

四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语：

1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有：

consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prov e等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构，

think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。

We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved that theory (to be) very important. 他证明那个理论是很重要的。

I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.

我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。

2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。

I'd prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他。

I don't want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦。

3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。

I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。

I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。

He required us to be present at the meeting. 他要求我们出席会议。Mr. Li suggested that she should not go there alone. 李先生建议她不要独自去那里。

注意：

当感官动词和实意动词，如：See，hear, notice, watch, hear，