专业英语试题及答案
广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期
《专业英语》期中试卷
考试时间：120分钟考试形式：开卷适用专业：班级：学号：姓名：成绩：
各题20分
一、单词翻译（英译汉）
titrimetric analysis
reagent titrant
flask oxidation
precision standard solution
sodium hydroxide Equilibrium
constant
equilibrium. manifest
equilibrium
concentration
frictional flow
ionization
constant
correct for
molarity compressed gas
neutralization device
plus elevation
neutral positive-displacement
meter reciprocating sodium hydroxide piston
external centrifugal pump
in the absence of rotational
at the expense of rotational velocity
compensation stream
specific upstream station
streamline downstream station
二、单词翻译（汉译英）
垂直于传热面滤饼卸料
符合，一致陶器的
动量，动力，要素滤液
动量传递孔
随机运动，无规则
运动
胶体微粒
扩散的构造，配置
.邻近的，接近的. 波动，起伏
振动的，振荡的大气压(1atm＝
101. 3 kPa)
(远离表面的)流
体(本体)温度
(风车、螺旋桨等
的)翼，叶片
目录，目录册切线的
线性相关蜗壳形式
恒定导热系数螺旋形，集液环固有特性，本征特
性
传动轴
流动类型双吸
强制对流不连续的，间断
的，中断的
过滤，筛选间歇的，断断续续
的
固体微粒复杂的
过滤介质依靠，由于
透过膜限于
堆积粗粒子
三、句子翻译（英译汉）
1. Acid-base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH.
2. Any solution for which the concentration is precisely known is called a standard solution.
3. It is an introductory text, written for undergraduate students in their junior or senior years who have completed the usual courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and an introduction to chemical engineering. An elementary knowledge of material and heat balances and of thermodynamic principles is assumed.
4. In a piston pump, liquid is drawn through an inlet check valve into the cylinder by the withdrawal of a piston and then is forced out through a discharge check valve on the return stroke.
5. Filtration is the removal of solid particles from a fluid by passing the fluid
through a filtering medium, or septum, on which the solids are deposited.
四、句子翻译（汉译英）
1. 在滴定中，与被测物质发生完全反应的试剂通常称为滴定剂，滴定分析就是定量测定出所消耗滴定剂的体积
2. 该平衡式说明一摩尔氢氧化钠与一摩尔盐酸反应生成一摩尔氯化钠和一摩尔水。
3. 化学工程师必须开发、设计和工程化整个工艺和所需的设备，选择适当的原材料，高效、安全和经济性地运作工厂，并确保产品满足客户的要求。
4. 更多情况下，进料(悬浮液)需要进行预处理，以便加快过滤速度。预处理方式包括加热、重结晶或是加入过滤助剂如纤维素或硅藻土。
5. 当两个温度不同的物体接触时，热量将从高温物体流向低温物体。热量流动的净结果永远是向低温方向进行。热量传递的机理有三种：热传导、热对流和热辐射。
五、短文翻译
1. An economical method of organizing much of the subject matter of chemical engineering is based on two facts: ①although the number of individual processes is great, each one can be broken down into a series of steps, called operations, each of which in turns appears in process after process; ②the individual operations have common techniques and are based on the same scientific principles.
2. The behavior of fluids is important to process engineering generally and constitutes one of the foundations for the study of unit operation. An understanding of fluids is essential, not only for accurately treating problems in the movement of fluids through pipes, pumps, and all kinds of process equipments but also for the study of heat flow and many separations that depend on diffusion and mass transfer.
3. At given temperature and pressure, a fluid possesses a definite density, which in engineering practice is usually measured in kilograms per cubic meter. Although the density of all fluids depends on the temperature and pressure, the variation in density with changes in these variables may be small or large. If the density changes only slightly with moderate changes in temperature and pressure, the fluid is said to be incompressible; if the changes in density are significant, the fluid is said to be compressible. Liquids are generally considered to be incompressible and gases compressible. The terms are relative, however, and the density of a liquid can change appreciably if pressure and temperature are changed over wide limits. Also, gases subjected to small percentage changes in pressure and temperature act as incompressible fluids and density changes under such conditions may be neglected without serious error.
4. In metals, thermal conduction results from the motion of free electrons, and there is close correspondence between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. In solids that are poor conductors of electricity and in most liquids, thermal conduction results from momentum transfer between adjacent vibrating molecules or atoms. In gases, conduction occurs by the random motion of molecules, so that heat is “diffused” from hotter regions to colder ones.
广东纺织职业技术学院2010～2011学年第一学期
《专业英语》期中考试参考答案
一、单词翻译（英译汉）
titrimetric 滴定的analysis 分析
reagent 试剂titrant 滴定剂
flask 烧瓶oxidation 氧化
precision 精密度standard solution 标准溶液sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠Equilibrium
constant
平衡常数equilibrium. 平衡manifest 出现，表明equilibrium
concentration
平衡浓度frictional flow 有摩擦的流动ionization
constant
电离常数correct for 做……的修正molarity 物质的量浓度compressed gas 压缩气体neutralization 中和device 装置，设备plus 正的，加的elevation 海拔，地理高度neutral 中性的positive-displacement 正位移
meter 米，公尺，计，
表，仪表
reciprocating 往复的，来回的sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠piston 活塞
external 外部的(常与to
搭配) centrifugal pump 离心泵，离心抽
机
in the absence of 缺乏……时，
当……不在时
rotational 转动的，轮流的
at the expense of 归……付费，在
损害……的情况
下
rotational velocity 旋转速度
compensation 补偿，赔偿stream 溪，川，流，一
股，一串，河流
specific 特定的upstream station 上游截面
streamline .流线downstream station 下游截面
二、单词翻译（汉译英）
normal to surface 垂直于传热面discharge 滤饼卸料
correspondence 符合，一致ceramic 陶器的
momentum 动量，动力，要素filtrate 滤液
momentum
transfer
动量传递opening 孔
random motion 随机运动，无规则
运动
colloidal particle 胶体微粒
diffused 扩散的configuration 构造，配置
adjacent .邻近的，接近的fluctuation . 波动，起伏
vibrating 振动的，振荡的atm(atmosphere) 大气压(1atm＝
101. 3 kPa)
bulk temperature (远离表面的)流vane (风车、螺旋桨等
of fluid，far from
surface
体(本体)温度的)翼，叶片catalog 目录，目录册tangential 切线的linear dependence 线性相关spiral casing 蜗壳形式
constant thermal conductivity 恒定导热系数volute 螺旋形，[机]集液
环
intrinsic property 固有特性，本征特
性
drive shaft 传动轴
flow pattern 流动类型double suction 双吸
forced convection 强制对流discontinuous 不连续的，间断
的，中断的filtration 过滤，筛选intermittent 间歇的，断断续续
的
solid particle 固体微粒complex 复杂的
filtering medium 过滤介质by virtue of 依靠，由于septum 透过膜be restricted 限于
deposit 堆积coarse particle 粗粒子
三、句子翻译（英译汉）
1. Acid-base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH.
酸碱指示剂，又称pH指示剂，是颜色随pH而变化的物质。
2. Any solution for which the concentration is precisely known is called a standard solution.
准确浓度已知的溶液被称为标准溶液。
3. It is an introductory text, written for undergraduate students in their junior or senior years who have completed the usual courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and an introduction to chemical engineering. An elementary knowledge of material and heat balances and of thermodynamic principles is assumed.
这是一部专门为大学本科三年级和四年级学生编写的教材。他们已经修完数学，物理、化学等基础课程以及化学工程导论。另外假设他们已经掌握有关物料衡算和热量衡算方面的基本知识。
4.In a piston pump, liquid is drawn through an inlet check valve into the cylinder by the withdrawal of a piston and then is forced out through a discharge check valve on the return stroke.
活塞泵当活塞退后时液体通过进口活门被吸入液缸，当活塞向前运动时将液体通过出口活门压出液缸。
5. Filtration is the removal of solid particles from a fluid by passing the fluid through a filtering medium, or septum, on which the solids are deposited.[1] Industrial.
过滤是一种从液体中分离固体的操作。液体通过过滤介质或隔膜，而固体则沉积在过滤介质（隔膜）上。
四、句子翻译（汉译英）
1. 在滴定中，与被测物质发生完全反应的试剂通常称为滴定剂，滴定分析就是定量测定出所消耗滴定剂的体积
Titrimetric analysis volumetrically measures the amount of reagent, often called a
titrant,required to complete a chemical reaction with the analyte.
2. 该平衡式说明一摩尔氢氧化钠与一摩尔盐酸反应生成一摩尔氯化钠和一摩尔水。
This balanced equation indicates that one mole of sodium hydroxide will combine one mole of hydrochloric acid to produce one mole of sodium chloride and one mole of water.
3. 化学工程师必须开发、设计和工程化整个工艺和所需的设备，选择适当的原材料，高效、安全和经济性地运作工厂，并确保产品满足客户的要求。The chemical engineer must develop, design, and engineer both the complete process and the equipment used; choose the proper raw material; operate the plants efficiently, safely, and economically; and see to it that products meet the requirements set by the customers.[
4. 更多情况下，进料(悬浮液)需要进行预处理，以便加快过滤速度。预处理方式包括加热、重结晶或是加入过滤助剂如纤维素或硅藻土。
Often the feed is modified in some way by pretreatment to increase the filtration rate, as by heating, recrystalizing, or adding a “filter aid” such as cellulose or diatomaceous earth.
5. 当两个温度不同的物体接触时，热量将从高温物体流向低温物体。热量流动的净结果永远是向低温方向进行。热量传递的机理有三种：热传导、热对流和热辐射。
When two objects at different temperatures are brought into contact, heat flows from the object at the higher temperature to that at lower temperature. The net flow is always in the direction of the temperature decrease. The mechanisms by which the heat may flow are three: conduction, convection, and radiation.
五、短文翻译
1. An economical method of organizing much of the subject matter of chemical engineering is based on two facts: ①although the number of individual processes is great, each one can be broken down into a series of steps, called operations, each of which in turns appears in process after process; ②the individual operations have common techniques and are based on the same scientific principles.
化学工程师能够经济合理地组织这些项目的原因是基于如下两个事实。（1）经过工业上工艺过程的数目非常巨大，但是每一个工艺过程都可以分解为若干个串联操作的步骤，这些操作称之为单元操作。（2）每一个单元操作，具有相通的技术，并基于相同的科学原理。
2. The behavior of fluids is important to process engineering generally and constitutes one of the foundations for the study of unit operation. An understanding of fluids is essential, not only for accurately treating problems in the movement of fluids through pipes, pumps, and all kinds of process equipments but also for the study of heat flow and many separations that depend on diffusion and mass transfer.
流体的行为对于工艺工程师来说非常重要，并且称为单元操作研究的基础内容之一。之所以说对流体进行了解是必需的，一方面是用于准确处理流体通过管道，泵，和各种工业设备的问题的需要，另一方面是出于研究热量流动和许多基于扩散和传质过程的分离过程的需要。
3. At given temperature and pressure, a fluid possesses a definite density, which in engineering practice is usually measured in kilograms per cubic meter. Although the density of all fluids depends on the temperature and pressure, the variation in density with changes in these variables may be small or large. If the density changes only slightly with moderate changes in temperature and pressure, the fluid is said to be incompressible; if the changes in density are significant, the fluid is said to be compressible. Liquids are generally considered to be
incompressible and gases compressible. The terms are relative, however, and the density of a liquid can change appreciably if pressure and temperature are changed over wide limits. Also, gases subjected to small percentage changes in pressure and temperature act as incompressible fluids and density changes under such conditions may be neglected without serious error.
在一定的温度和压力下，流体具有确定的密度，工程上用kg/m3表示。尽管流体的密度与温度和压力有关，但随温度和压力变化，密度的变化有大有小。如果温度和压力发生明显变化，但密度的变化很小，则该流体称之为不可压缩流体；相反，如果密度的变化非常明显，则该流体称之为可压缩流体。一般认为液体为不可压缩流体，气体为可压缩流体。不过，这种概念是相对的。如果压力和温度的变化范围非常宽，液体的密度也许会发生明显变化。有时，随温度和压力的变化气体的密度变化较小，此时气体可作为不可压缩流体对待，密度的变化可忽略不计，在工程上不会引起大的偏差。
4. In metals, thermal conduction results from the motion of free electrons, and there is close correspondence between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. In solids that are poor conductors of electricity and in most liquids, thermal conduction results from momentum transfer between adjacent vibrating molecules or atoms. In gases, conduction occurs by the random motion of molecules, so that heat is “diffused” from hotter regions to colder ones.
金属导热源于自由电子的运动，因此导热系数与电导性是一致的。导电性较差的固体和液体，热传导源于相邻分子或原子振动引起的动量传递。气体热传导则源于气体分子的自由运动，即热量从高温区域扩散到低温区域。
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