宏观经济学2试卷
宏观经济学试卷2
一、名词解释题（每小题3分，共15分）1. 个人可支配收入是指个人可直接用于消费或储蓄的收入。
2． p150通货——存款比率指流通中的现金与商业银行活期存款的比率。
3．充分就业预算盈余指既定的政府预算在充分就业的国民收入水平即潜在的国民收入水平上所产生的政府预算盈余4．自然失业率指在没有货币因素影响下，劳动力市场和商品市场自发供求力量发挥作用时应有的处于均衡状态的失业率，也就是充分就业情况下的失业率。
5．流动性陷阱指这样一种现象：当利率极低时，人们预计利率不大可能再下降，或者说人们预计有价证券的市场价格已经接近最高点，因而不再愿意持有有价证券，以至于人们对货币的需求趋向于无穷大。
1．四部门经济与三部门经济相比，乘数效应（C）A．变大 B．不变，C．变小 D．不确定2．一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值，说明该国公民从外国取得的收入（ A）外国公民从该国取得的收入。
A．大于 B．小于C．等于 D．可能大于也可能小于3．在用支出法计算国民生产总值时，不属于投资的是（ A ）。
、A．通用汽车公司购买政府债券 B．通用汽车公司增加500辆汽车的存货C．通用汽车公司购买了一台机床 D．通用汽车公司建立了另一条新装配线4．下列哪一种情况不会使收入水平增加（ D）。
、A．自发性支出增加 B．自发性税收下降C．自发性转移支付增加 D．净税收增加5．如果边际储蓄倾向为0.3，投资支出增加60亿元，可以预期，这将导致均衡GDP增加（ D ）产出变化=投资乘数×投资变化，投资乘数=1/(1-边际消费倾向)=1/边际储蓄倾向200=(1/0.3)×60A．20亿美元 B．60亿美元C．180 亿美元 D．200亿美元6．市场利率提高准备金会（ B ）。
利率提高，银行更趋向放贷款，超额准备金会降低A．增加B．减少C．不变D．以上几种情况都有可能7．平均消费倾向指数的值（D ）A．总是大于零小于一 B．总是小于零C．总是大于一 D．不确定8．IS曲线表示满足（ D ）关系A．收入-支出均衡 B．总供给和总需求均衡 C．储蓄和投资均衡D．以上都对9．IS曲线为Y=500-3000R（ A ），下列哪一个利率和收入水平的组合在IS 曲线上。
宏观经济学作业2-附答案
宏观经济学作业2一、选择题1．下述哪一项不属于总需求（ A ）（A）税收（B）政府支出（C）净出口（D）投资2．财政政策的实际作用往往比简单乘数所表示的要小，这主要是因为简单乘数（ C ）（A）没有考虑时间因素（B）没有考虑国际市场因素对国内市场的影响（C）没有考虑货币和价格因素（D）没有考虑货币政策的作用3．在其他条件不变时，货币供应量的增加会使（ D ）（A）LM曲线向左上方移动（B）IS曲线向左上方移动（C）AS曲线向右上方移动（D）AD曲线向右上方移动4．根据凯恩斯理论，利率水平取决于（ A ）（A）货币需求（B）货币需求和货币供给（C）储蓄（D）储蓄与投资5．边际储蓄倾向若为0.25，则边际消费倾向为（ B ）（A）0.25 （B）0.75 （C）1.0 （D）1.256．下述哪一项不是经济在内的稳定器（ B ）（A）累进税率制（B）与国民收入同方向变动的政府开支（C）社会保障支出（D）农业支持力量7．在下述哪种情况下，挤出效应比较大（ C ）（A）非充分就业（B）存在货币的流动性陷阱（C）投资对利率的敏感程度较大（D）现金持有率较低8．工资上涨引起的通货膨胀也称为（ B ）（A）需求拉动通货膨胀（B）成本推动通货膨胀（C）结构性通货膨胀（D）隐性通货膨胀9．货币乘数的大小取决于（ C ）（A）货币供给量（B）税率（C）银行准备金率（D）银行利息率10．对利率变动最敏感的是（ C ）（A）货币的交易需求（B）货币的谨慎需求（C）货币的投机需求（D）三种需求相同11．一般用来衡量通货膨胀的物价指数是（ D ）（A）消费者物价指数（B）生产者物价指数（C）GDP折算指数（D）以上均正确12．扩张的货币政策能使总需求曲线（ D ）（A）向左移动（B）向右移动（C）不变（D）难以确定13．以下四种情况，投资乘数最大的是（ C ）（A）边际消费倾向为0.6 （B）边际消费倾向为0.4 （C）边际储蓄倾向为0.1 （D）边际储蓄倾向为0.314．下列哪一种表述正确表述了利率传递机制的过程。
全新《宏观经济学》期末考试模拟试卷(二)含答案
一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共20分)1、如果当期价格低于基期价格，那么（）A.实际GDP等于名义GDPB. 实际GDP小于名义GDPC.实际GDP大于名义GDPD.无法判定2、在两部门经济中，收入在（）时均衡下来。
A.储蓄等于实际投资B.消费等于实际投资C.储蓄等于计划投资D.消费等于计划投资3、当利率降得很低时，人们购买债券的风险（）。
A.将变得很小B. 将变得很大C.可能变大，也可能变小D.不变4、利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线左下方，LM曲线的右下方的区域中，则表示（）。
A.I>S，L<MB.I>S，L>MC.I<S，L<MD.I<S，L>M5、技术进步会引起( )A.短期总供给曲线和长期总供给曲线都向右方移动B.短期总供给曲线和长期总供给曲线都向左方移动C.短期总供给曲线向右方移动,但长期总供给曲线不变D.长期总供给曲线向右方移动,但短期总供给曲线不变6、凯恩斯主义极端是指（）的情形。
A.IS水平，LM竖直B. IS竖直，LM水平C. IS水平，LM水平D. IS竖直，LM 竖直7、如果名义利率是10％，通货膨胀率是20％，则实际利率是（）。
A.10％B.－10％C.30％D.－30％8、经济增长的标志是（）。
A.失业率的下降。
B.先进技术的广泛运用。
C.社会生产能力的不断提高。
D.城市化速度加快。
9、下列属于短周期的是（）A.基钦周期B.朱格拉周期C.库兹涅茨周期D.康德拉基耶夫周期10、下列（）属于外汇市场中欧元的供给者A.购买美国股票的英国人B.到英国旅游的美国人C.进口英国商品的美国人D.在美国获得利润汇回英国的英国人二、名词解释(每小题4分，共16分)1、GDP2、消费函数3、凯恩斯陷阱4、奥肯定律三、简答题(每小题6分，共18分)1、为什么IS曲线是向右下方倾斜的？2、经济萧条时，央行如何利用公开市场业务进行干预？3、为什么本国货币升值使进口增加，出口减少？四、计算题(每小题10分，共20分)1、假设社会消费函数C＝100＋0.8Y D，投资I＝200，政府购买支出G＝100，政府转移支付TR＝62.5，税收T＝0.25Y。
《宏观经济学》试卷2范文
《宏观经济学》试卷二一、选择题（每题2 分，共30 分）1、货币供给增加使LM 曲线右移，若要使均衡收入变动接近于LM 曲线的移动量，则必须（）A、LM曲线陡峭，IS曲线也陡峭B、LM 曲线与IS曲线一样平缓C、LM曲线陡峭，而IS曲线平缓D、LM 曲线平缓，而IS曲线陡峭2、货币供给的变动如果对均衡收入有更大的影响，可能是因为（）A、私人部门的支出对利率更敏感B、私人部门的支出对利率不敏感C、支出乘数较小D、货币需求对利率更敏感3、如果中央银行采取扩张性货币政策，可以（）A、在公开市场上买入债券，以减少商业银行的准备金，使利率上升B、在公开市场上卖出债券，以增加商业银行的准备金，使利率下跌C、在公开市场上买入债券，以增加商业银行的准备金，使利率下跌D、在公开市场上卖出债券，以减少商业银行的准备金，使利率上升4、假定货币需求不变，紧缩性货币政策将导致（）A、利率和货币存量都下降B、利率下降，货币存量增加C、利率上升，货币存量下降D、利率和货币存量都上升5、内在稳定器的功能有（）A、减少周期性的波动B、稳定收入C、保持经济充分就业D、减少衰退的负面影响6、如果政府增加个人所得税的量与政府支出相等，其影响可能是（）A、总支出的净下降B、总支出的净增加C、总支出不变D、平衡预算乘数扩大7、作为经济条件恶化的结果，开支中的某个项目增加，或者是从某项税收中获得的收益下降。
这是因为下述因素的作用（）A、自动稳定器B、伴随性货币政策C、平衡预算修正案D、平衡预算乘数8、经济不可能一直处于超过长期总供给之上的实际国民生产总值水平，其原因在于投入品的价格会（）A、会下降，从而长期总供给曲线向右方移动B、会上升，从而短期总供给曲线向上方移动C、会上升，从而长期总供给曲线向左方移动D、会下降，从而短期总供给曲线向下方移动9、在极度萧条时，供给价格弹性会（）A、大于零B、小于零C、无穷大D、等于零10、技术进步会引起（）A、短期总供给曲线和长期总供给曲线都向右方移动B、短期总供给曲线和长期总供给曲线都向左方移动C、短期总供给曲线向右方移动，长期总供给曲线不变D、长期总供给曲线向右方移动，短期总供给曲线不变11、如果要素的价格不变，企业的生产低于其物质限制水平，则总需求增加会引起（）A、物价水平上升，实际国民生产总值上升B、物价水平上升，实际国民生产总值减少C、物价水平下降，实际国民生产总值上升D、物价水平下降，实际国民生产总值减少12、物价水平上升但实际国民生产总值减少，其原因可能是（）A、预期未来的利润率上升B、原料价格上升C、总财产减少D、资本存量增加13、假设边际税率为0.2，这时政府购买增加100亿美元，IS曲线向右移动200亿美元，那么，边际消费倾向应为（）A、0.275B、0.5C、0,635D、0.914、在其他条件不变的情况下，引起收入增加、利率上升的原因可能是（）A、政府购买增加B、政府税收增加C、私人投资增加D、货币供给增加15、下面不属于IS—LM模型假定条件的是（）A、投资是个外生变量B、总供给不变C、价格水平不变D、经济处于充分就业状态二、判断题（每题1.5 分，共15 分。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)doc资料
一、选择题(每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has not worked very well in practice.c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth.d. All of the above are correct.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is thea. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest rate a. and the real exchange rate increase. b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the followingquestion, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market isillustrated as a move from a. a to b. b. a to c. c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is that a. aggregate demand shifts right. b. aggregate demand shifts left. c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. Inthe short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve is a. upward sloping. b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system a. increase, so the money supply increases. b. increase, so the money supply decreases. c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes thea. interest rate and investment to rise.b. interest rate and investment to fall.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise. 27．If the stock market crashes,a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing themoney supply.28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c. 5.d. 15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, pricesa. rise and unemployment falls.b. fall and unemployment rises.c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will havea. higher unemployment and lower output.b. higher unemployment and higher output.c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run.45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate. 三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns: 52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation: 55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, areserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors inexplaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes intotal output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分) 51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living. 57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are not subject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk thangovernment bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeAssets LiabilitiesReserves $800 Deposits $5,000Loans $4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
2019-2020(宏观经济学试题2)
一、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）1.使用收入法核算GDP时，下面哪一项是不必要的（）。
A.工资、利息和租金B.净出口C.企业转移支付及企业间接税D.资本折旧2.在公司税前利润中，与个人收入有关的是（）。
A.公司所得税B.社会保险税C.股东红利D.公司未分配利润3.假如一套住宅于2000年上半年建造并以9000美元出售，下半年出租，租金为600美元，同期折旧90美元，则该年度与此经济活动有关的总投资消费和GDP分别为（）。
A.9000美元、600美元和9600美元B.0美元、9600美元和9600美元C.8910美元、600美元和9510美元D.9000美元、1200美元和9600美元4.如果总收入为100万元，消费为80万元，则由萨伊定律（设为二部门经济），总需求的水平应为（）。
A.100万元B.80万元C.大于100万元D.大于80万元小于100万元5.已知潜在GDP为6000亿美元，实际GDP为5000亿美元，若消费者打算把3900亿美元用于消费，计划投资的总额为1200亿美元，则实际GDP将（）。
A.上升B.不变C.下降D.不能确定6.经济已实现了充分就业的均衡，此时政府欲增加100亿美元的购买支出。
为保持价格稳定，政府可以（）。
A.增税小于100亿美元B.增税大于100亿美元C.增税100亿美元D.减少100亿美元的转移支出7.假定货币需求为L=kY-hr，货币供给增加10亿美元而其他条件不变，则会使LM曲线（）。
A.右移10亿美元B.右移k乘以10亿美元C.右移10亿美元除以k（即10÷k）D.右移k除以10亿美元（即k÷10）8.在1S曲线不变的情况下，货币供给量的减少会使收入（）。
A.增加，利率下降B.增加，利率上升C.减少，利率上升D.减少，利率下降9.下列哪种情况中增加政府支出不会影响均衡收入。
（）A.LM陡峭而IS平缓B.LM垂直而IS陡峭C.LM平缓而IS垂直D.LM和IS一样平缓10.古典总供给曲线垂直是因为（）。
宏观经济学模拟试题二
宏观经济学模拟试题二一、简答题（本题40分，每小题10分）1．宏观经济的主要目标是什么？2．怎样理解凯恩斯的“有效需求”概念，假如某经济社会的总供给大于总需求，国民收入和就业将发生什么变化？凯恩斯认为应采取什么样的财政或货币政策？3．简述LM曲线所描述的宏观经济含义。
4. 中央银行控制货币供给量的工具是什么？二、计算题（本题35分）1.（10分）假定GDP是6000美元，个人可支配收入是5100美元，政府的预算赤字是200美元，消费是3800美元，对外贸易赤字是100美元，计算：A. 储蓄等于多少？B. 投资的规模是多大？C. 政府支出有多大？2. （25分）知消费函数、投资函数分别为C=130+0.63Y和I=750-2000r，设政府支出为G=750亿元。
计算：(1)若投资函数变为I=750-3000r，试推导投资函数变化前和变化后的工S曲线并比较斜率。
(2)增加政府支出时，比较投资函数变化前和后哪种情况的收入变化大？为什么？(3)增加货币供给时，比较投资函数变化前和后哪种情况对收入的影响大？为什么？宏观经济学模拟试题二参考答案一、简答题1. 答：（1）国民产出：实际国民产出的高水平和稳定增长；（2）就业：高的就业和低非自愿失业；（3）价格水平：维持价格水平的稳定；（4）对外贸易：保持汇率稳定和进出口的大致平衡。
2．答：凯恩斯所讲的有效需求，是指社会上商品总供给价格和总需求价格达到均衡状态时的总需求。
所谓供给价格是指，企业愿意雇佣一定数量工人生产一定数量产品时，所必须取得的收益，这一收益必须等于生产这些产品所付出的生产要素的成本加上预期的利润，所有产品供给价格之和就是总供给价格；所谓需求价格是指企业预期社会上人们购买其产品时愿意支付的价格，总需求价格是全部企业预期社会上人们意愿购买全部商品的价格的总和。
总供给价格和总需求价格都随就业量的增加而增加。
当总需求价格大于总供给价格时，企业会扩大生产，增雇工人；相反，当总需求价格小于总供给价格时，企业则会缩减生产，减雇工人。
宏观经济学试题2答案
一、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分，正确的用T表示，错误的用F表示）评分标准：在“F”、“T”只能有一种选择，不选、错选均不得分。
1.F2.T3.T4.T5.F6.T7.F8.F9.F10.F二、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）评分标准：每小题均有四个选项，只有一个是最正确的，错选、多选、不选均不得分。
1.C2.D3.D4.B5.B6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.B三、名词解释（本大题共5题，每小题4分，共20分）追赶效应：追赶效应是指初始时贫穷的国家倾向于比富裕的国家具有更快的增长速度的一种经济效应。
经济发展相对落后国家在顾及一般产业发展的同时，针对自身特点，紧跟产业发展的最新方向，努力做到在创新科技的某几个领域达到世界领先水平，并逐步产业化、市场化，最终实现经济发展由人为推动发展向自发的、主动的、敏锐的内在推动发展形态转变。
追赶效应主要由下列三个方面促成：第一，引进知识、技术、人才和资金，后起工业化国家可以从早期工业化国家引进积累的“知识宝库”，最新的技术、最科学的经营管理体制、节省摸索时间。
第二，劳动力和资源的相对优势晚起步国家一般劳动力价格较低，资源没有充分开发。
第三，百业俱兴，轻装前进，晚起步国家样样工业都在蓬勃发展，而且没有陈旧设备的负担。
挤出效应：挤出效应是指政府支出增加引起私人部门消费和投资下降的一种经济效应。
如果经济处于充分就业水平，政府支出的挤出效应就是完全的。
挤出效应的作用机制是：①政府支出增加，商品市场上竞争加剧，价格上涨，实际货币供应量减少。
因而用于投机目的的货币量减少；②用于投机目的的货币量减少引起债券价格下降，利率上升，结果投资减少。
由于存在着货币幻觉，在短期内，将会有产量的增加；但在长期内，如果经济已经处于充分就业状态，那么增加政府支出只能挤占私人支出。
货币主义者认为，当政府增加政府支出而没有增加货币供给时，那么实际上是用政府支出代替私人支出，总需求不变、生产也不会增长。
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课程宏观经济学
一、名词解释：（每题4分，共20分）
1.中间产品
2.平均消费倾向
3.LM曲线
4.充分就业
5.斟酌使用的财政政策
二、选择题：（请将答案统一填到下面的方框内，否则不得分
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
每题只有一个正确答案。
每题1分，共10分）
A.收入额
B.支出额
C.收支额
D.余额
2.如果消费函数为C＝100+0.8（Y－T），那么政府支出乘数是（）。
A.0.8
B.1.25
C.4
D.5
3.根据托宾的“q”理论，如果q值小于1，则（）。
A.新建企业合适
B.购买旧企业
C.两者都一样
D.无法确定
4.经济过热时,应采取的财政政策是( )
A.减少政府支出
B.增加财政支出
C.扩大财政赤字
D.减少税收
5.当国民收入水平提高，而政府又没有采用任何财政政策，下列哪种情形肯定发生（）A．政府支出增加
B．政府财政赤字增加
C．政府税收增加
D．政府税收减少
6.在下列哪种情况下，总需求曲线更加平坦（）。
A.投资支出对利率变化较为敏感
B.货币需求对利率变化较不敏感
C.支出乘数较小
D.货币需求对收入变化较为敏感
7.下面哪一种效应使价格水平的变化对投资支出产生反方向的影响。
（）
A.利率效应
B.信贷约束效应
C.厂商财富效应
D.以上都对
8.自然失业率（）。
A.恒为零
B.是历史上最低限度水平的失业率
C.恒定不变
D.是经济处于潜在产出水平时的失业率
9.经济处于充分就业和通货膨胀的状态时，下面说法正确的是（）
A.在短期内降低政府支出会使经济的通货膨胀率一直持续下去
B.在短期内降低名义货币供给的增长会降低通货膨胀率但不会影响产量
C.在短期内降低名义货币供给的增长会降低通货膨胀和产量水平
D.在短期内降低政府支出会降低通货率但不会影响产量
10.经济增长在图形上表现为（）。
A.生产可能性曲线内的某一点向曲线上移动
B.生产可能性曲线向外移动
C.生产可能性曲线外的某一点向曲线上移动
D.生产可能性曲线上某一点沿曲线移动
三、判断题：（请将答案统一填到下面的方
．．．．．．．．。
每题1分，共10分）．．．．．．．．．．．．框内，否则不得分
1.用货币去度量性质不同的各种产品，才能使各种产品能够进行加总，得出一国产出的总价值。
（）
2.居民户的当期消费只受当期收入的影响。
（）
3.自发投资支出减少1亿元，将使得IS曲线右移支出乘数乘以1亿元。
（）
4.经济中存在失业时,应采取的财政政策是提高个人所得税。
（）
5.在其他调节相同的情况下，降低贴现率属于一种紧缩性政策。
（）
6.技术进步将会引致短期总供给曲线和长期总供给曲线都向右移。
（）
7.利率效应使价格水平的变化对投资支出产生反方向的影响。
（）
8.某人由于钢铁行业不景气而失去工作，这种失业属于永久性失业。
（）
9.由于经济萧条而形成的失业属于永久性失业。
（）
10.过度投资理论把繁荣时期的暴跌归因于，过高的利率使本来就不足的投资需求进一步减少，并因此导致生产过剩。
（）
四、计算题（每题10分，共30分）
1.设有以下资料：折旧20，间接税15，红利100，公司利润250，个人租金收入140，社会保险金10，雇员报酬500，非公司企业主收入200，政府的转移支付50，企业支付的利息25，个人所得税5。
计算：国民收入、国民生产净值、国民生产总值、个人收入、个人可支配收入。
2.假定某经济社会的消费函数为c=100+0.8y，投资为50，如果当时实际产出为800，试求企业非自愿存货积累为多少？
3.假设一个只有家庭和企业的两部门经济中，消费c=100+0.8y，投资i=150-6r，实际货币供给m=150，实际货币需求L=0.2y-4r。
求均衡的国民收入和利息率。
五、简答题（每题10分，共30分）
1.有时候一些西方经济学家断言，将一部分国民收入从富者转给贫者，将提高总收入水平，你认为他们的理由是什么？
2.何为自动稳定器？说明它对缓和经济波动的作用。
3.通货膨胀、通货收缩、通货紧缩和滞涨，这几个概念有何不同？
参考答案：
一、名词解释：（每题4分，共20分）
1.中间产品：作为生产要素投入到了下一阶段的生产中，其价值也随之转移到了下一阶段生产的产品。
2.平均消费倾向：指人们的消费支出在其收入中所占的比例。
3..LM曲线：货币市场处于均衡状态时各种利率和收入组合的变动轨迹。
4.充分就业：在广义指一切生产要素都有机会以自己愿意的报酬参加生产的状态。
5.斟酌使用的财政政策：是指政府要审时度势，主动采取一些财政措施，变动支出水平或税收以稳定总需求水平，使之接近物价稳定的充分就业水平。
二、选择题：（每题只有一个正确答案。
每题1分，共10分）
1-5 DDBAC 6-10 AADCB
三、判断题：（每题1分，共10分）
1-5 √××××6-10 √√×××
四、计算题（每题10分，共30分）
1.（1）国民收入＝雇员报酬+企业支付的利息+个人租金收入+公司利润+非公司企业主收入＝500+25+140+250+200＝1115
（2）国民生产净值＝国民收入+间接税＝1115+15＝1130
（3）国民生产总值＝国民生产净值+折旧＝1130+20＝1150
（4）个人收入＝国民收入－（公司利润+社会保险金）+政府的转移支付+红利＝1115－（250+10）+50+100＝1005
（5）个人可支配收入＝个人收入－个人所得税＝1005－5＝1000
2.根据y=c+i=100+0.8y+50，解得y=750
而实际的产出为800，即为供给800>需求750，
则800-750=50为非自愿存货积累。
3.先求IS曲线，根据y=c+i，c=100+0.8y，i=150-6r，
可得IS曲线为y=1250-30r
再求LM曲线，根据L=m，L=0.2y-4r，m=150，
可得LM曲线为y=20r+750
IS曲线和LM曲线的交点为均衡的国民收入和利息率，该点收入和利率可通过联立IS 和LM曲线方程而得，由y=1250-30r和y=20r+750，可得y=950，r=10
五、简答题（每题10分，共30分）
1.参考答案：富者的消费倾向较低，储蓄倾向较高，而贫者的消费倾向较高，因为将一部分国民收入从富者转给贫者，可提高整个社会的消费倾向，从而提高整个社会的总消费支出水平，于是总收入水平就会随之提高。
2.参考答案：自动稳定器是指现代财政制度所具有的一种无需变动政府政策而有助于减轻国民收入波动的内在功能，能够在繁荣时期自动抑制通胀，在衰退时期自动减轻萧条。
这一功能通过下列途径起作用：
首先是政府收入的自动变化，主要体现在税收的自动变动。
经济繁荣，就业人数增加，收入增加，政府税收也自动增加。
在实行累进税制的情况下，由于纳税人的收入自动进入了较高纳税级别，政府税收上升的幅度将超过收入上升的幅度，从而有助于抑制通货膨胀。
反之亦然。
其次，是政府支出的自动变化，主要体现在政府的转移支付上。
经济繁荣，就业人数增加，收入增加，失业救济金和福利支出也相应减少；反之增加。
一般来讲，政府转移支付在通货膨胀时期减少，衰退时期增加。
3.参考答案：通货膨胀是一般物价水平在某一时期上的持续明显的上涨。
通货收缩指消除或减少通货膨胀的过程。
通货紧缩指价格水平在一定时期内的持续下降。
当高通货膨胀与高失业并存时，经济即陷入滞涨。