GRE写作名人例子
新GRE写作名人素材库精选整合
新GRE写作名人素材库精选整合平常留意积累素材，多收集一些新GRE写作论据论证例子,才有机会GRE写作中拿高分哦，我们一起来看看吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
新GRE写作名人素材库：爱迪生Edison, Thomas (Alva) 1847 -- 1931Inventor. Born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. His father was a jack-of-all-trades, his mother a former teacher. Edison spent three months in school, then was taught at home by his mother. At the age of 12 he sold fruit, candy, and papers on the Grand Trunk Railroad. In 1862, using his small handpress in a baggage car, he wrote and printed the Grand Trunk Herald, which was circulated to 400 railroad employees. That year he became a telegraph operator, taught by the father of a child whose life Edison had saved. Exempt from military service because of deafness, he was a tramp telegrapher until he joined Western Union Telegraph Company in Boston in 1868.Probably Edisons first invention was an automatic telegraph repeater (circa 1864). His first patent was for an electric vote recorder. In 1869, as a partner in a New York electrical firm, he perfected the stock ticker and sold it. This money, in addition to that from his share of the partnership, provided funds for his own factory in Newark, N.J. Edisonhired technicians to collaborate on inventions; he wanted an invention factory. As many as 80 earnest men, including chemists, physicists, and mathematicians, were on his staff. Invention to order became very profitable.From 1870 to 1875, Edison invented many telegraphic improvements: transmitters; receivers; the duplex, quadruplex, and sextuplex systems; and automatic printers and tape. He worked with Christopher Sholes, father of the typewriter, in 1871 to improve the typing machine. Edison claimed he made 12 typewriters at Newark about 1870. The Remington Company bought his interests.In 1876 Edisons carbon telegraph transmitter for Western Union marked a real advance toward making the Bell telephone practical. (Later, Emile Berliners transmitter was granted patent priority by the courts.) With the money Edison received from Western Union for his transmitter, he established a factory in Menlo Park, N.J. Again he pooled scientific talent, and within six years he had more than 300 patents. The electric pen (1877) produced stencils to make copies. (The A. B. Dick Company licensed Edisons patent and manufactured the mimeograph machine.) Edisons most original and lucrative invention, the phonograph, was patented in 1877. From a manually operated instrument making impressions on metal foil and replaying sounds, it became a motor-driven machine playing cylindrical wax records by 1887. By 1890he had more than 80 patents on it. The Victor Company developed from his patents. (Alexander Graham Bell impressed sound tracks on cylindrical shellac records; Berliner invented disk records. Edisons later dictating machine, the Ediphone, used disks.)To research incandescence, Edison and others ncluding J. P. Morgan rganized the Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. (Later it became the General Electric Company.) Edison made the first practical incandescent lamp in 1879, and it was patented the following year. After months of testing metal filaments, Edison and his staff examined 6,000 organic fibers from around the world and decided that Japanese bamboo was best. Mass production soon made the lamps, although low-priced, profitable.Prior to Edisons central power station, each user of electricity needed a dynamo (generator), which was inconvenient and expensive. Edison opened the first commercial electric station in London in 1882; in September the Pearl Street Station in New York City marked the beginning of Americas electrical age. Within 4 months the station was lighting more than 5,000 lamps for 230 customers, and the demand for lamps exceeded supply. By 1890 it supplied current to 20,000 lamps, mainly in office buildings, and to motors, fans, printing presses, and heating appliances. Many towns and cities installed central stations. Increased use of electricity led to Edison-base sockets, junction boxes,safety fuses, underground conduits, meters, and the three-wire system. Jumbo dynamos, with drum-wound armatures, could maintain 110 volts with 90 percent efficiency. The three-wire system, first installed in Sunbury, Pennsylvania, in 1883, superseded the parallel circuit, used 110 volts, and necessitated high-resistance lamp filaments (metal alloys were later used).新GRE写作名人素材库：爱因斯坦Einstein Albert 1879—1955Physicist. Born March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Germany. Einstein grew up in Munich, where his father, Hermann, owned a small electrochemical factory. The strict discipline of German schools did not appeal to the young Einstein, who was a poor student but conducted his own studies of philosophy, math, and science. In 1895, after Hermann抯busines failed, the Einstein family moved to Milan, Italy. Albert stayed behind to continue his studies, but soon left school with no diploma to rejoin his family. He continued his independent studies, teaching himself calculus and higher scientific principles. After failing his first entrance examination to the prestigious Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Einstein gained admittance in 1896 and began his four years studying physics and mathematics.After his graduation in 1900, Einstein became a naturalized Swiss citizen in 1901 and got a job as a technical assistant at the Swiss patentoffice in Bern. In 1903, he married his university sweetheart, Mileva Maric. While employed at the patent office, Einstein continued his own investigations in theoretical physics. In 1905, he published an article entitled New Determination of Molecular Dimensions?in the well-known German physics monthly Annalen der Physik. The article earned him a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich. That same year, Einstein published four other papers in Annalen, including his revolutionary theory that light exists in both waves and particles. His major proposal of 1905, however, was his special theory of relativity, which dismissed the traditional notion that time and space were absolute concepts, suggesting instead that both time and space vary with circumstances.Einstein worked as a professor of physics at universities in Prague and Zurich before moving to Berlin in 1914 with his wife and two sons, Hans Albert and Eduard. He took a post at the Prussian Academy of Sciences, where he could continue his research and lecture at the University of Berlin. Unhappy with life in Berlin, his wife Mileva returned to Switzerland with their sons near the beginning of World World I; their separation led to a divorce in 1919. Einstein married his second cousin, Elsa Lowenthal, later that year.In 1915, Einstein perfected his general theory of relativity, summing up his theory with the mathematical equation E=mc?(energy equals mass times the speed of light squared). His findings on relativity werepublished in The Principle of Relativity, Sidelights on Relativity, and The Meaning of Relativity. In November 1919, the Royal Society of London announced that their experiment conducted during the solar eclipse of that year had confirmed the predictions Einstein made in his general theory of relativity. The implications of this announcement shook the world of science and earned Einstein the international acclaim he had long deserved.Controversy continued to surround his scientific theories, as well as his political convictions, which became more pronounced as his fame increased. In the years following WWI, he received a great deal of criticism within Germany for his theories, as well as his active support of pacifism (including the League of Nations), liberalism, and Zionism. He traveled a great deal to deliver lectures on relativity, touring Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Einstein first toured the United States in the spring of 1921, in order to raise money for the Palestine Foundation Fund.In 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. He was cited by the prize committee or your photoelectric law and your work in the field of theoretical physics.? There was no mention of his still-controversial work with relativity, which would become his most enduring legacy. From the 1920s on, Einstein worked to unify concepts of gravity and electromagnetism into a rand unified theory of physics,?or asingle mathematical formula to relate the universal properties of matter and energy quest that would remain unfulfilled.Meanwhile, Einstein legendary pacifism only strengthened during the years before World War II. He was exceedingly distressed by the failure of the 1932 World Disarmament Conference in Geneva, and later began a famous correspondence with Sigmund Freud about man inherent love of war. In 1933, just after Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, Einstein renounced German citizenship and emigrated to America, where he was offered a full-time position at the newly-founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.Early on, Einstein recognized the serious threat to world security posed by Hitler and Nazism. Despite his history of pacifism, he publicly urged European nations to ready themselves for defense. Realizing the implications of a possible Axis victory, he urged President Franklin D. Roosevelt to step up nuclear fission research in the U.S. Though he played no direct part in the development of the atomic bomb and was publicly horrified by its use in Japan in 1945 and its implications for the future of war, his name and research were inextricably linked to the dawning of the age of atomic power.After Elsa death in 1936, Einstein lived alone in Princeton, throwing himself even more completely into political activism. He joined other scientists in a push to prevent future use of atomic weapons, proposingthe establishment of a system of world government that would provide he binding authority necessary for world security.? He also denounced McCarthyism and called for an end to bigotry and racism, and was widely criticized for his liberal views among the anxious age of the Cold War. He died on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76.新GRE写作名人素材库：巴斯德Pasteur, Louis 1822 -- 1895Chemist and biologist, famous for his germ theory and for the development of vaccines. Born December 27, 1822 in the small town of Dole, the son of a tanner. He studied in the college of Arbois and at Besancon, where he graduated in arts in 1840. As a student preparing for the prestigious Ecole Normale Superieure of Paris, he did not doubt his ability. When he gained admittance by passing fourteenth on the list, he refused entry; taking the examination again, he won third place and accepted. For his doctorate his attention was directed to the then obscure science of crystallography. This was to have a decisive influence on his career.Under special dispensation from the minister of education, Pasteur received a leave of absence from his duties as professor of physics at the lyc of Tournon to pursue research on the optical properties of crystals of the salts of tartrates and paratartrates, which had the capacity to rotate the plane of polarized light. He prepared 19 different salts, examinedthese under a microscope, and determined that they possessed hemihedral facets. However, the crystal faces were oriented differently; they were left-handed or right-handed, thus having the asymmetrical relationship of mirror images. Furthermore, each geometric crystal variety rotated the light in accordance with its structure, while equal mixtures of the left-and right-handed crystals had no optical activity inasmuch as the physical effects canceled each other. Thus he demonstrated the phenomenon of optical isomers.Pasteur was elated. He repeated his experiment under the exacting eyes of Jacques Biot, the French Academys authority on polarized light who had brought Eilhardt Mitscherlichs work to Pasteurs attention. The confirmation was complete to the last exacting detail, and Pasteur, then 26, became famous. The French government made him a member of the Legion of Honor, and Britains Royal Society presented him with the Copley Medal.In 1852 Pasteur accepted the chair of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. Here he found an opportunity to pursue another dimension of crystallography. It had long been known that molds grew readily in solutions of calcium paratartrate. It occurred to him to inquire whether organisms would show a preference for one isomer or another. He soon discovered that his microorganism could completely remove only one of the crystal forms from the solution, the levorotary, or left-handed,molecule.In 1854, though only 31 years old, Pasteur became professor of chemistry and dean of sciences at the new University of Lille. The course of his activities is displayed in the publications which he gave to the world in the next decades: Studies on Wine (1866), Studies on Vinegar (1868), Studies on the Diseases of Silkworms (1870), and Studies on Beer (1876).Soon after his arrival at Lille, Pasteur was asked to devote some time to the problems of the local industries. A producer of vinegar from beet juice requested Pasteurs help in determining why the product sometimes spoiled. Pasteur collected samples of the fermenting juices and examined them microscopically. He noticed that the juices contained yeast. He also noted that the contaminant, amyl alcohol, was an optically active compound, and hence to Pasteur evidence that it was produced by a living organism (living contagion).Pasteur was quick to generalize his findings and thus to advance a biological interpretation of the processes of fermentation. In a series of dramatic but exquisitely planned experiments, he demonstrated that physical screening or thermal methods destroyed all microorganisms and that when no contamination by living contagion took place, the processes of fermentation or putrefaction did not take place either. Pasteurization was thus a technique that could not only preserve wine,beer, and milk but could also prevent or drastically reduce infection in the surgeons operating room. Another by-product of Pasteurs work on fermentation was his elucidation of the fact that certain families of microbes require oxygen whereas others do not. This insight divided the scientific community, and it was only in 1897, two years after his death, that the dispute was resolved.新GRE写作名人素材库精选整合11。
新GRE写作名人素材库精选整合
新GRE写作名人素材库精选整合平时注意积累素材，多收集一些新GRE写作论据论证例子,才有机会GRE写作中拿高分哦，我们一起来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
新GRE写作名人素材库：爱迪生Edison, Thomas (Alva) 1847 -- 1931Inventor. Born February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. His father was a jack-of-all-trades, his mother a former teacher. Edison spent three months in school, then was taught at home by his mother. At the age of 12 he sold fruit, candy, and papers on the Grand Trunk Railroad. In 1862, using his small handpress in a baggage car, he wrote and printed the Grand Trunk Herald, which was circulated to 400 railroad employees. That year he became a telegraph operator, taught by the father of a child whose life Edison had saved. Exempt from military service because of deafness, he was a tramp telegrapher until he joined Western Union Telegraph Company in Boston in 1868.Probably Edison's first invention was an automatic telegraph repeater (circa 1864). His first patent was for an electric vote recorder. In 1869, as a partner in a New York electrical firm, he perfected the stock ticker and sold it. This money, in addition to that from his share of the partnership, provided funds for his own factory in Newark, N.J. Edison hired technicians to collaborate on inventions; he wanted an "invention factory." As many as 80 "earnest men," including chemists, physicists, and mathematicians, were on his staff. "Invention to order" became very profitable.From 1870 to 1875, Edison invented many telegraphic improvements: transmitters; receivers; the duplex, quadruplex, and sextuplex systems; and automatic printers and tape. He worked with Christopher Sholes, "father of the typewriter," in 1871 to improve the typing machine. Edison claimed he made 12 typewriters at Newark about 1870. The Remington Company bought his interests.In 1876 Edison's carbon telegraph transmitter for Western Union marked a real advance toward making the Bell telephone practical. (Later, Emile Berliner's transmitter was granted patent priority by the courts.) With the money Edison received from Western Union for his transmitter, he established a factory in Menlo Park, N.J. Again he pooled scientific talent, and within six years he had more than 300 patents. The electric pen (1877) produced stencils to make copies. (The A. B.Dick Company licensed Edison's patent and manufactured the mimeograph machine.)Edison's most original and lucrative invention, the phonograph, was patented in 1877. From a manually operated instrument making impressions on metal foil and replaying sounds, it became a motor-driven machine playing cylindrical wax records by 1887. By 1890 he had more than 80 patents on it. The Victor Company developed from his patents. (Alexander Graham Bell impressed sound tracks on cylindrical shellac records; Berliner invented disk records. Edison's later dictating machine, the Ediphone, used disks.)To research incandescence, Edison and others ncluding J. P. Morgan rganized the Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. (Later it became the General Electric Company.) Edison made the first practical incandescent lamp in 1879, and it was patented the following year. After months of testing metal filaments, Edison and his staff examined 6,000 organic fibers from around the world and decided that Japanese bamboo was best. Mass production soon made the lamps, although low-priced, profitable.Prior to Edison's central power station, each user of electricity needed a dynamo (generator), which was inconvenient and expensive. Edison opened the first commercial electric station in London in 1882; in September the Pearl Street Station in New York City marked the beginning of America's electrical age. Within 4 months the station was lighting more than 5,000 lamps for 230 customers, and the demand for lamps exceeded supply. By 1890 it supplied current to 20,000 lamps, mainly in office buildings, and to motors, fans, printing presses, and heating appliances. Many towns and cities installed central stations. Increased use of electricity led to Edison-base sockets, junction boxes, safety fuses, underground conduits, meters, and the three-wire system. Jumbo dynamos, with drum-wound armatures, could maintain110 volts with 90 percent efficiency. The three-wire system, first installed in Sunbury, Pennsylvania, in 1883, superseded the parallel circuit, used 110 volts, and necessitated high-resistance lamp filaments (metal alloys were later used).新GRE写作名人素材库：爱因斯坦Einstein Albert 1879—1955Physicist. Born March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Germany. Einstein grew up in Munich, where his father, Hermann, owned a small electrochemical factory. The strictdiscipline of German schools did not appeal to the young Einstein, who was a poor student but conducted his own studies of philosophy, math, and science. In 1895, after Hermann抯 busines failed, the Einstein family moved to Milan, Italy. Albert stayed behind to continue his studies, but soon left school with no diploma to rejoin his family. He continued his independent studies, teaching himself calculus and higher scientific principles. After failing his first entrance examination to the prestigious Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Einstein gained admittance in 1896 and began his four years studying physics and mathematics. After his graduation in 1900, Einstein became a naturalized Swiss citizen in 1901 and got a job as a technical assistant at the Swiss patent office in Bern. In 1903, he married his university sweetheart, Mileva Maric. While employed at the patent office, Einstein continued his own investigations in theoretical physics. In 1905, he published an article entitled New Determination of Molecular Dimensions?in the well-known German physics monthly Annalen der Physik. The article earned him a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich. That same year, Einstein published four other papers in Annalen, including his revolutionary theory that light exists in both waves and particles. His major proposal of 1905, however, was his special theory of relativity, which dismissed the traditional notion that time and space were absolute concepts, suggesting instead that both time and space vary with circumstances. Einstein worked as a professor of physics at universities in Prague and Zurich before moving to Berlin in 1914 with his wife and two sons, Hans Albert and Eduard. He took a post at the Prussian Academy of Sciences, where he could continue his research and lecture at the University of Berlin. Unhappy with life in Berlin, his wife Mileva returned to Switzerland with their sons near the beginning of World World I; their separation led to a divorce in 1919. Einstein married his second cousin, Elsa Lowenthal, later that year.In 1915, Einstein perfected his general theory of relativity, summing up his theory with the mathematical equation E=mc?(energy equals mass times the speed of light squared). His findings on relativity were published in The Principle of Relativity, Sidelights on Relativity, and The Meaning of Relativity. In November 1919, the Royal Society of London announced that their experiment conducted during the solar eclipse of that year had confirmed the predictions Einstein made in his generaltheory of relativity. The implications of this announcement shook the world of science and earned Einstein the international acclaim he had long deserved. Controversy continued to surround his scientific theories, as well as his political convictions, which became more pronounced as his fame increased. In the years following WWI, he received a great deal of criticism within Germany for his theories, as well as his active support of pacifism (including the League of Nations), liberalism, and Zionism. He traveled a great deal to deliver lectures on relativity, touring Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Einstein first toured the United States in the spring of 1921, in order to raise money for the Palestine Foundation Fund.In 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. He was cited by the prize committee or your photoelectric law and your work in the field of theoretical physics.? There was no mention of his still-controversial work with relativity, which would become his most enduring legacy. From the 1920s on, Einstein worked to unify concepts of gravity and electromagnetism into a rand unified theory of physics,?or a single mathematical formula to relate the universal properties of matter and energy quest that would remain unfulfilled.Meanwhile, Einstein legendary pacifism only strengthened during the years before World War II. He was exceedingly distressed by the failure of the 1932 World Disarmament Conference in Geneva, and later began a famous correspondencewith Sigmund Freud about man inherent love of war. In 1933, just after Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, Einstein renounced German citizenship and emigrated to America, where he was offered a full-time position at the newly-founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.Early on, Einstein recognized the serious threat to world security posed by Hitlerand Nazism. Despite his history of pacifism, he publicly urged European nations to ready themselves for defense. Realizing the implications of a possible Axis victory, he urged President Franklin D. Roosevelt to step up nuclear fission research in the U.S. Though he played no direct part in the development of the atomic bomb and was publicly horrified by its use in Japan in 1945 and its implications for the future of war, his name and research were inextricably linked to the dawning of the age of atomic power.After Elsa death in 1936, Einstein lived alone in Princeton, throwing himself even more completely into political activism. He joined other scientists in a push to prevent future use of atomic weapons, proposing the establishment of a system ofworld government that would provide he binding authority necessary for world security.? He also denounced McCarthyism and called for an end to bigotry and racism, and was widely criticized for his liberal views among the anxious age of the Cold War. He died on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76.新GRE写作名人素材库：巴斯德Pasteur, Louis 1822 -- 1895Chemist and biologist, famous for his germ theory and for the development of vaccines. Born December 27, 1822 in the small town of Dole, the son of a tanner. He studied in the college of Arbois and at Besancon, where he graduated in arts in 1840. As a student preparing for the prestigious Ecole Normale Superieure of Paris, he did not doubt his ability. When he gained admittance by passing fourteenth on the list, he refused entry; taking the examination again, he won third place and accepted. For his doctorate his attention was directed to the then obscure science of crystallography. This was to have a decisive influence on his career.Under special dispensation from the minister of education, Pasteur received a leave of absence from his duties as professor of physics at the lyc of Tournon to pursue research on the optical properties of crystals of the salts of tartrates and paratartrates, which had the capacity to rotate the plane of polarized light. He prepared 19 different salts, examined these under a microscope, and determined that they possessed hemihedral facets. However, the crystal faces were oriented differently; they were left-handed or right-handed, thus having the asymmetrical relationship of mirror images. Furthermore, each geometric crystal variety rotated the light in accordance with its structure, while equal mixtures of the left- and right-handed crystals had no optical activity inasmuch as the physical effects canceled each other. Thus he demonstrated the phenomenon of optical isomers.Pasteur was elated. He repeated his experiment under the exacting eyes of Jacques Biot, the French Academy's authority on polarized light who had brought Eilhardt Mitscherlich's work to Pasteur's attention. The confirmation was complete to the last exacting detail, and Pasteur, then 26, became famous. The French government made him a member of the Legion of Honor, and Britain's Royal Society presented him with the Copley Medal.In 1852 Pasteur accepted the chair of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. Here he found an opportunity to pursue another dimension of crystallography. It hadlong been known that molds grew readily in solutions of calcium paratartrate. It occurred to him to inquire whether organisms would show a preference for one isomer or another. He soon discovered that his microorganism could completely remove only one of the crystal forms from the solution, the levorotary, or left-handed, molecule.In 1854, though only 31 years old, Pasteur became professor of chemistry and dean of sciences at the new University of Lille. The course of his activities is displayed in the publications which he gave to the world in the next decades: Studies on Wine (1866), Studies on Vinegar (1868), Studies on the Diseases of Silkworms (1870), and Studies on Beer (1876).Soon after his arrival at Lille, Pasteur was asked to devote some time to the problems of the local industries. A producer of vinegar from beet juice requested Pasteur's help in determining why the product sometimes spoiled. Pasteur collected samples of the fermenting juices and examined them microscopically. He noticed that the juices contained yeast. He also noted that the contaminant, amyl alcohol, was an optically active compound, and hence to Pasteur evidence that it was produced by a living organism ("living contagion").Pasteur was quick to generalize his findings and thus to advance a biological interpretation of the processes of fermentation. In a series of dramatic but exquisitely planned experiments, he demonstrated that physical screening or thermal methods destroyed all microorganisms and that when no contamination by living contagion took place, the processes of fermentation or putrefaction did not take place either. "Pasteurization" was thus a technique that could not only preserve wine, beer, and milk but could also prevent or drastically reduce infection in the surgeon's operating room. Another by-product of Pasteur's work on fermentation was his elucidation of the fact that certain families of microbes require oxygen whereas others do not. This insight divided the scientific community, and it was only in 1897, two years after his death, that the dispute was resolved.。
GRE写作备考素材之莎士比亚
如果您想要在GRE写作考试中游刃有余，就一定要在备考中积累很多的写作素材，下面小编就给大家提供GRE写作备考素材之莎士比亚，供大家参考。
Shakespeare, William 1564 -- 1616Playwright and poet. Born in 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England (historians believe Shakespeare was born on April 23, the same day he died in 1616). The son of John Shakespeare, a glover, and Mary Arden, of farming stock. Much uncertainty surrounds Shakespeare's early life. He was the eldest of three sons, and there were four daughters. He was educated at the local grammar school, and married Anne Hathaway, from a local farming family, in 1582. She bore him a daughter, Susanna, in 1583, and twins, Hamnet and Judith, in 1585.Shakespeare moved to London, possibly in 1591, and became an actor. From 1592 to 1594, when the theatres were closed for the plague, he wrote his poems "Venus and Adonis" and "The Rape of Lucrece." His sonnets, known by 1598, though not published until 1609, fall into two groups: 1 to 126 are addressed to a fair young man, and 127 to 154 to a "dark lady" who holds both the young man and the poet in thrall. Who these people are has provided an exercise in detection for numerous critics. The first evidence of his association with the stage is in 1594, when he was acting with the Lord Chamberlain's company of players, later "the King's Men'. When the company built the Globe Theatre south of the Thames in 1597, he became a partner, living modestly at a house in Silver Street until c.1606, then moving near the Globe. He returned to Stratford c.1610, living as a country gentleman at his house, New Place. His will was made in March 1616, a few months before he died, and he was buried at Stratford.The modern era of Shakespeare scholarship has been marked by an enormous amount of investigation into the authorship, text, and chronology of the plays, including detailed studies of the age in which he lived, and of the Elizabethan stage. Authorship is still a controversial subject for certain plays, such as Titus Andronicus, Two Noble Kinsmen, and Henry VI, part I. This has involved detailed studies of the various editions of the plays, in particular the different quarto editions, and the first collected works, The First Folio of 1623. It is conventional to group the plays into early, middle, and late periods, and to distinguish comedies, tragedies, and histories, recognizing other groups that do not fall neatly into these categories.1589 King John Plays1590 -- 1591 Henry VI Part 11 Plays1590 Titus Andronicus Plays1590 -- 1591 Henry VI Part 1 Plays1590 -- 1591 Henry VI Part 111 Plays1593 The Comedy of Errors Plays1593 The Two Gentlemen of Verona Plays1593 Venus and Adonis Poetry1594 Love's Labour's Lost Plays1594 The Rape of Lucrece Poetryc. 1594 The Life and Death of Richard III Plays c. 1594 The Life and Death of Richard II Plays c. 1594 The Taming of the Shrew Playsc. 1595 Romeo and Juliet Plays1596 A Midsummer Night's Dream Plays1596 The Merchant of Venice Plays1597 Henry IV Part 1 Plays1597 The Merry Wives of Windsor Playsc. 1598 Much Ado about Nothing Plays1598 Henry IV Part 11 Plays1599 The Life of Henry V Plays1599 Julius Caesar Playsc. 1599 As You Like It Playsc. 1600 Twelfth Night Plays1601 The Phoenix and the Turtle Poetryc. 1601 Hamlet Plays1602 -- 1604 All's Well That Ends Well Playsc. 1602 Troilus and Cressida Playsc. 1604 Othello, The Moor of Venice Playsc. 1604 Measure for Measure Playsc. 1605 King Lear Playsc. 1606 Macbeth Playsc. 1607 Antony and Cleopatra Playsc. 1607 Timon of Athens Playsc. 1608 Coriolanus Plays1609 Sonnets Poetry1609 Pericles, Prince of Tyre Playsc. 1610 Cymbeline Playsc. 1611 The Winter's Tale Playsc. 1611 The Tempest Plays1613 The Life of King Henry VIII Collaborations1634 The Two Noble Kinsmen Collaborations以上就是关于GRE写作备考素材之莎士比亚分享，参加GRE考试的考生，在备考GRE 写作的时候，可以多积累一些素材，对于提高写作水平会有所帮助的，预祝大家在GRE 考试中取得好成绩。
新GRE写作名人素材库精选汇总
新GRE写作名人素材库精选汇总小编搜集了一些新GRE写作名人素材，我们一起来看看吧，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
新GRE写作名人素材库：华盛顿Washington, George 1732 -- 1799First U.S. president. Born February 22, 1732, in Westmoreland County, Virginia. His father, a prosperous planter and iron foundry owner, died when he was 11, and Washington moved in with his elder half-brother Lawrence, who owned the plantation Mount Vernon. In 1748 Washington did some surveying for Lord Fairfax,a relative of Lawrence by marriage, meanwhile reading widely in Mt Vernon's library. In 1751, he accompanied the ailing Lawrence to Barbados; on his death the next year, Washington was left guardian of Lawrence's daughter at Mt Vernon, which Washington would inherit in 1761 after her death.Having studied military science on his own, in 1753 Washington began severalyears' service with the Virginia militia in the French and Indian Wars, taking command of all Virginia forces in 1755 and participating in several dangerous actions. Commissioned as aide-de-camp by General Edward Braddock in 1755, he barely escaped with his life in the battle that took Braddock's life. He resigned his commission in 1758, following his election to the Virginia House of Burgesses (1759--74).In 1759, Washington married the wealthy widow Martha Custis, thus securing his fortune and social position. They had no children together but raised her two children, and later her two grandchildren. After a period of living the sociable life of a gentleman farmer, however, Washington risked it all by casting his lot with those rebelling against British rule, although his original motives probably had less to do with high principles and more to do with his personal annoyance with British commercial policies.In 1774, Washington participated in the First Continental Congress and took command of the Virginia militia; by the next year the Second Congress, impressed with his military experience and commanding personality, made him commander in chief of the Continental army (June 1775). With remarkable skill, patience, and courage, Washington led the American forces through the Revolution, struggling notonly with the British but with the stingy Continental Congress and also on occasion with resentful fellow officers. Notable among his achievements were his bold crossing of the Delaware to rout enemy forces at Trenton on Christmas night of 1776 and his holding the army together during the terrible winter encampment at Valley Forge in 1777--8. His victory over the British at Yorktown (1781) effectively ended the war, but for almost two more years he had to strive to keep the colonists from splintering into selfish enterprises.Washington returned to Mount Vernon in 1783, but maintained his presence in the debate over the country's future. He solidified that role when he chaired the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention of 1787. In 1789, the first electors unanimously voted Washington as president; he was reelected in 1793. A natural leader rather than a thinker or orator, he had great difficulty coping with an unruly new government, futilely resisting the growing factionalism that resolved into the forming of Hamilton's Federalist Party - to which Washington finally gravitated - and Jefferson's liberal Democratic-Republican Party.In 1796, Washington announced he would not run again (thus setting a precedent for only two terms) and retired from office the next year. In 1798, he accepted command of a provisional American army when it appeared there would be war with France, but the threat passed. The following year, Washington died at Mount Vernon and was mourned around the world. He immediately began to attain almost legendary status, so that succeeding generations throughout the world could bestow no higher accolade than to call their own national hero, "the George Washington" of their country.新GRE写作名人素材库：莎士比亚Shakespeare, William 1564 -- 1616Playwright and poet. Born in 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England (historians believe Shakespeare was born on April 23, the same day he died in 1616). The son of John Shakespeare, a glover, and Mary Arden, of farming stock. Much uncertainty surrounds Shakespeare's early life. He was the eldest of three sons, and there were four daughters. He was educated at the local grammar school, and married Anne Hathaway, from a local farming family, in 1582. She bore him a daughter, Susanna, in 1583, and twins, Hamnet and Judith, in 1585.Shakespeare moved to London, possibly in 1591, and became an actor. From 1592 to 1594, when the theatres were closed for the plague, he wrote his poems "Venus and Adonis" and "The Rape of Lucrece." His sonnets, known by 1598, though not published until 1609, fall into two groups: 1 to 126 are addressed to a fair young man, and 127 to 154 to a "dark lady" who holds both the young man and the poet in thrall. Who these people are has provided an exercise in detection for numerous critics. The first evidence of his association with the stage is in 1594, when he was acting with the Lord Chamberlain's company of players, later "the King's Men'. When the company built the Globe Theatre south of the Thames in 1597, he became a partner, living modestly at a house in Silver Street until c.1606, then moving near the Globe. He returned to Stratford c.1610, living as a country gentleman at his house, New Place. His will was made in March 1616, a few months before he died, and he was buried at Stratford.The modern era of Shakespeare scholarship has been marked by an enormous amount of investigation into the authorship, text, and chronology of the plays, including detailed studies of the age in which he lived, and of the Elizabethan stage. Authorship is still a controversial subject for certain plays, such as Titus Andronicus, Two Noble Kinsmen, and Henry VI, part I. This has involved detailed studies of the various editions of the plays, in particular the different quarto editions, and the first collected works, The First Folio of 1623. It is conventional to group the plays into early, middle, and late periods, and to distinguish comedies, tragedies, and histories, recognizing other groups that do not fall neatly into these categories.1589 King John Plays1590 -- 1591 Henry VI Part 11 Plays1590 Titus Andronicus Plays1590 -- 1591 Henry VI Part 1 Plays1590 -- 1591 Henry VI Part 111 Plays1593 The Comedy of Errors Plays1593 The Two Gentlemen of Verona Plays1593 Venus and Adonis Poetry1594 Love's Labour's Lost Plays1594 The Rape of Lucrece Poetryc. 1594 The Life and Death of Richard III Playsc. 1594 The Life and Death of Richard II Playsc. 1594 The Taming of the Shrew Playsc. 1595 Romeo and Juliet Plays1596 A Midsummer Night's Dream Plays1596 The Merchant of Venice Plays1597 Henry IV Part 1 Plays1597 The Merry Wives of Windsor Playsc. 1598 Much Ado about Nothing Plays1598 Henry IV Part 11 Plays1599 The Life of Henry V Plays1599 Julius Caesar Playsc. 1599 As You Like It Playsc. 1600 Twelfth Night Plays1601 The Phoenix and the Turtle Poetryc. 1601 Hamlet Plays1602 -- 1604 All's Well That Ends Well Plays c. 1602 Troilus and Cressida Playsc. 1604 Othello, The Moor of Venice Playsc. 1604 Measure for Measure Playsc. 1605 King Lear Playsc. 1606 Macbeth Playsc. 1607 Antony and Cleopatra Playsc. 1607 Timon of Athens Playsc. 1608 Coriolanus Plays1609 Sonnets Poetry1609 Pericles, Prince of Tyre Playsc. 1610 Cymbeline Playsc. 1611 The Winter's Tale Playsc. 1611 The Tempest Plays1613 The Life of King Henry VIII Collaborations 1634 The Two Noble Kinsmen Collaborations 新GRE写作名人素材库：高斯Gauss, (Johann) Carl Friedrich 1777 -- 1855Mathematician, born in Brunswick, Germany. A prodigy in mental calculation, he conceived most of his mathematical theories by the age of 17, and was sent tostudy at Brunswick and G?ttingen. He wrote the first modern book on number theory, in which he proved the law of quadratic reciprocity, and discovered the intrinsic differential geometry of surfaces. He also discovered, but did not publish, a theory of elliptic and complex functions, and pioneered the application of mathematics to such areas as gravitation, magnetism, and electricity. In 1807 he became professor of mathematics and director of the observatory at G?ttingen, and in 1821 was appointed to conduct the trigonometrical survey of Hanover, for which he invented a heliograph. The unit of magnetic induction has been named after him。
英语写作西方名人例子5篇
英语写作西方名人例子5篇第一篇：英语写作西方名人例子Great SoulsØ Nelson MandelaMandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.(138) Ø GandhiMahatma Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement.He was the pioneer of the resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon total non-violence—which led India to independence and has inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.He is officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation.After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic amity, and increase economic self-reliance.Above all, he aimed to achieve theindependence of India from foreign ter he campaigned against the British to Quit India.Gandhi spent a number of years in jail in both South Africa and India.(128) Additionally, Gandhi influenced important leaders and political movements.Leaders of the civil rights movement in the United States, including Martin Luther King and James Lawson, drew from the writings of Gandhi in the development of their own theories about non-violence.Anti-apartheid activist and former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, was inspired by Gandhi.Prior to becoming President of the United States, then-Senator Barack Obama noted that: Throughout my life, I have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration, because he embodies the kind of transformational change that can be made when ordinary people come together to do extraordinary things.That is why his portrait hangs in my Senate office: to remind me that real results will come not just from Washington – they will come from the people.(129)Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King, Jr.was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in theAfrican-American civil right movement.His main legacy was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today.King led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president.King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.There, he raised publicconsciousness of the civil rights movement and establishedhimself as one of the greatest orators in U.S.history.By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and opposing the VietnamWar, both from a religious perspective.In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to endracial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means.He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and Congressional Gold Medal in 2004;Martin Luther King, Jr.Day was established as a U.S.nationalholiday in 1986.(192)Ø Mother TeresaMother Teresa was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun with Indian citizenship who founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India in 1950.For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity‗s expansion.Mother T eresa's Missionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 missions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS,leprosy and tuberculosis, children's and family counseling programs, and schools.By the 1970s she was internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocated for the poor and helpless.She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India's highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna in 1980 for her humanitarian work.(122)ØØ Susan B.AnthonyAlthough I am not a feminist, I admire Susan B.Anthony for her daring to hold on to her view even being mocked cruelly by her contemporaries.A tireless civil rights worker, Anthonydevoted her life to th e work which has guaranteed women‘s basic right, including suffrage and equal protections under law.She believed that men and women are created equal and persevered unremittingly in opening doors and expanding acceptable modes of behavior for women.In the patriarchy society of her time, people considered her unladylike and ridiculous.However, 19th Amendment to the Constitution gives women‘s rights to vote, which established Susan B.Anthony as a bold revolutionary feminist in history.(111)Margaret SangerMargaret Sanger sparked the birth control movement with the publication of The Woman Rebel, in which she encourages women to view conception as a choice rather than an obligation.In 1923, her tireless efforts resulted in the establishment of America's first legal birth control clinic, which served as a contraceptive dispensary and research facility under the auspices of the American Birth Control League(one of the groups that eventually morphed into Planned Parenthood).The birth control movement has had far-reaching, worldwide implications, from women's rights to population control to the sexual revolution.(92)l Bright MindsØ NewtonNewton‘s aim at Cambridge was a law degree.Instruction at Cambridge was dominated by the philosophy of Aristotle but some freedom of study was allowed in the third year of the course.Newton had a golden opportunity to study an abundance of great minds: the philosophy of Descartes, Gassendi, Hobbes, and in particular Boyle.The mechanics of the Copernican astronomy of Galileo attracted him and he also studiedKepler‘s Optics.It is a fascinating account of how Newton‘s ideas were formed.He collected all these thoughts and developed his own system by which he successfully explained a wide range of previously unrelated phenomena: the eccentric orbits of comets, the procession of the Earth‘s axis, and motion of the Moon as perturbed by the gravity of the Sun, as well as the three laws of motion that made him an international leader in scientific research and the greatest pilot in human‘s civilization.(157)Ø Darwin’s Origin of SpeciesThe theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history.Hundreds of years ago, people were confused with the complexity of different species of the world, and believed that species were created by the mysterious God.However, Darwin did not believe so.After several years' study, he eventually demonstrated that species, however complex seemingly, all evolved by natural selection from simple and preliminary conditions.When Darwin published his famous research results on the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, the book encountered lots of controversies.Members of the religious community, as well as somescientific peers, were outraged and protested.However, Darwin's idea of evolution eventually defeated the traditional belief and was accepted and acknowledged by some insightful scientists and finally by the society.It is now reverenced as one of the greatest intellectual revolutions of human history.(144) Nicolaus CopernicusNicolaus Copernicus was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who proposed that the sun was stationary in the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it.Disturbedby the failure of Ptolemy's geocentric model of the universe to follow Aristotle's requirement for the uniform circular motion of all celestial bodies, Copernicus decided that he could achieve his goal only through a heliocentric model.He thereby created a concept of a universe in which the distances of the planets from the sun bore a direct relationship to the size of their orbits.At the timeCopernicus's heliocentric idea was very controversial;nevertheless, it was the start of a change in the way the world was viewed, and Copernicus came to be seen as the initiator of the Scientific Revolution.(129)Ø Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.His achievements include improvements to thetelescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism.Galileo's observations about four satellites of Jupiter with his new telescope convinced him of the truth of Copernicus's sun-centered or heliocentric theory.Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy,” the “father of modern physics,” and “the Father of Modern Science.” Stephen Hawking says, “Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science.”(96)Ø Christopher ColumbusIn 1485, Columbus presented his plans to John II, King of Portugal.He requested he be made “Great Admiral of the Ocean”, appointed governor of any and all lands he discovered, and givenone-tenth of all revenue from those lands.The king submitted the proposal to his experts and rejected it.In 1488 Columbus appealed to the court of Portugal once again, and once again it also proved unsuccessful.Then, Columbus travelled from Portugal to both Genoa and Venice, but he received encouragement from neither.In1486, Columbus presented his plans to Queen Isabella.After the passing of much time, these savants of Spain, like their counterparts in Portugal, pronounced the idea impractical, and advised their Royal Highnesses to pass on the proposed venture.But after endless attempts at establishing a settlement of Hispanism, Catholic Monarchs finally gave him an annual allowance of 12,000 maravedis and furnished him with a letter ordering all cities and towns under their domain to provide him food and lodging with which Columbus successfully initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans and carved out the cross-continental trade market.(183)Ø John NashBefore 1950, Adam Smith was respected as ―the father of Game Theory‖, he wrote a famous book named The Wealt h of Nations and demonstrated ―perfect competition‖ which was commonly accepted by people.There is a sentence from the book ―Individual ambition serious the common good‖ which means when each individual pursue his own interests, the benefits of the group will be improved most effectively.However, John Nash, a normal mathematician in Princeton University, created a theory ―Nash Equilibrium‖ which laid the foundation of Game Theory in 1950.He doubted the statement from Adam Smith, and he succeeded.John Nash wrote a 28 pages dissertation to argue a new theory.Due to the fact that personalbenefitsconflict each other, the interest of a group will be harmed.To ensure the interests of whole group, individuals should find equilibrium between the personal and group interests.Consequently, John Nash received the Nobel Prize in economics and fundamentally reformed the arena of economics.(160)ØAlfred Bernhard Nobel-1Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite.To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator which could be ignited by lighting a fuse.The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and businessman.He later produced ballistite, one of the first smokeless powders.At the time of his death, his will provide his enormous fortune of the major portion of $9 million estate toinstitute the Nobel Prize, a yearly prize for merit in physics, chemistry, medicine and physiology, literature, and world peace.The synthetic element nobelium was named after him.(119) Ø Thomas EdisonIn 19th century, people could only get light from candles, but it suffered from severaldisadvantages, including exorbitantly high price and in adequate lightness.Thomas Edison, one of the most prominent inventors in the 20th century, overcame 1500 failure and suitable filament for electric light bulb which were affordable for all people to buy and use.He tried numerousmaterials such as iron, copper, aluminum, silver, hair, even his colleague‘s brown beard, but he fails all times.Nevertheless he did not give up and dedicated himself in finding the best material.The belief held by him was that ―we will make the electricity so cheap that only the rich will burncandles.‖ He had the first successful experiment in 1879, finding that carbon filament can last over 40 hours, but he and his team were not satisfied for that.Through hundreds of tough trying, they finally found carbonized bamboo filament which could last over 1200 hours.Furthermore, the light bulbs invented by Edison with the most suitable filament have not only lighted up the world, but influenced people‘s lives all over the world until now.(185)第二篇：SAT写作名人例子第三篇：GRE写作名人例子在练习作文的过程中,发现很多人名在很多人名在很多题材的作文中都可以反复用到,在没有总结这些名字之前,老是写新文章时就忘记了以前用过的人名的拼写.所以就开始积累常用人名了.由于论坛里其它形式的资料帖都有了,为求有点新意,能给g友们更快地提升作文,遂决定把本人的人名总结及其适用文章贡献出来.:)由于适用的文章是我临时回忆的,所以肯定不止下面列举的这些适用文章.欢迎补充!凡高 Van Gogh: 艺术类文章里引用,如arts and critics, greatness 总是超前时代的所以只能由后人评判, history强调individual(因为在艺术历史领域只能强调individual),还有percive world with different eyes也可以引用这个例子.此人的另类抽象painting风格和当时的审美标准不符,故遭排挤,而几百年后的critics才发现他的价值.哥白尼Copernicus:引用题目有:greatness超前时代,挑战权威(当时是church),history强调individual(因为在科学研究领域只能强调individual).此人是日心说,当时宗教教育说是地心说,死前才公布自已的论断(因为怕早死).莫扎特Mozart: greatness只能由后人判断的反面例子.此人音乐才华在世时就被教皇看重,给以了很多赞助,使其.......毕加索Picasso: greatness只能由后人判断的反面例子,arts反映hidden ideas的反面例子.此人是20世纪最伟大的画家,其画风格为cubism,很多人说他的画只反映个人的ideocyncratic,而没有反映社会的hidden ideas,此人在世时就被判为greatness了.林肯Abraham Lincoln: history关注individuals,effective leader要随机应变,justand unjust laws.此人南北战争,解放黑奴,没有他,可能就没有今天这样的美国了.据说他在南北战争前是不支持解放黑奴的,而之后又支持了.马丁路德金Martin Luther King: leaders要有很高的moral and ethical standards, history关注individuals的重要性,just and unjust laws,学习历史的重要性.此人为黑人获得与白人相同的权利发起了黑奴运动,他的“I have a dream”演讲教育了一代一代人.他的moral and ethical standards是不用说的,没有这个individual,美国黑人现在可能还要坐在汽车后面的座位.莎士比亚 Shakespeare: greatness由后人评判的反面例子,survive and arts里强调arts可以培养人什么的.此人的介绍我就不多说了.贝多芬 Beethoven: arts的重要性,arts and critics.此人为著名作曲家,'命运'激励了多少人,当时的critics也批斗过他,因为standards很rigid and stale.希特勒 Hitler:不能迷信权威啊,学习历史的重要性啊(不重蹈覆辙),history强调individual啊.此人是著名战争狂,由于全国人都迷信他的言论才能坐上首相位置,学习他的例子可以使现在的社会不重蹈他的覆辙,他这个individual也反映当时common people/multitude的普遍value:战争主义,chauvinism.加利略Galileo:不迷信权威,history强调individual(因为在科学研究领域只能强调individual),beginner and expert.当时的expert和authority就是Aristotle,认为物体越重下降越快.而此人证明了其实都是一样快的.亚力士多德Aristotle: 和加利略一起举例.爱因斯坦 Einstein: 不迷信权威.greatness由后人判断的反面例子.beginner andexpert中expert的劣势.此人证明了权威牛顿三大定律只能在宏观世界有效,而不适于微观世界.其greatness在其在世时就确立了,他曾说过,自从他成名后,就没能找出一段完整属于自己的时间来深入思考这个世界了.牛顿 Newton.不迷信权威,greatness由后人判断.此人是个权威,被爱因斯坦挑战见爱因斯坦那条.华盛顿George Washington: history研究individual的重要性.leaders 要有moralstandards.此人为美国开国总统,没有他开了连续任两届总统就得下台的先河,可能美国在他之后好久都是专制国家,因为当时有人要他当皇帝.凯萨 Caesar.history研究individual的重要性.此人即是亚利山大大帝,所建立的亚力山大帝国地跨三大陆.研究那个帝国如果研究他,只研究multitude怎么能研究得下去?托马斯.杰佛森 Thomas Jefferson: 这个有点想不起来用在哪里了.此人说过all men are createdequal->the declaration of independence:甘地 Gandhi: greatness的文章,leaders and moral standards的文章.此人是印度的建国祖师,坐过很多牢,stoic,情操很高,结果可以只demenstration来和平解放印度.拿破仑 Napoleon: individual的重要性.此人是著名战争狂,他的发起的战争虽然很荒唐,但却被法国中场阶认为很浪漫,他的individual反映当时的普遍价值观.肯尼迪Kennedy: scandals,leaders should have moral standards.此人在位时很大程度缓解了苏美关系.却有marital scandals.所以scandals会distract us frompeople's real responsibility.罗斯福 Roosevelt(FDR): individual 的重要性,领导要听取群众意见,随机应变.此人有两大贡献:发动反德战争,带美国走出Depression.没有他的发动战争宣言,可能WWII不会这么快结束.据说一位英国著名经济学家曾写信给他说要他采取苏联模式来政府介入自由经济,操控经济,才使他在1930年代出台各种政府措施来改善经济,使得经济复苏(大国崛起里说的).成吉斯汗Genghis Khan: 领导要听取群众意思,而不是有强硬持久的原则和目标: 这个也不用介绍了.斯大林 Stalin: 同成吉斯汗.达尔文 Darwin: 挑战权威.进化论的祖师爷,写过'the origin of species'.挑战当时普遍的神创论.孟德尔 Mendel: expert and beginner,data的重要性.因为是expert,因为做了十年研究积累了大量data,才由统计学原理发现了law of Inheritance.瓦特Watt James: 很多都适用,如creativity很重要啊,兴趣很重要而不是老去考虑对社会会有什么贡献啊.此人发明了蒸汽机,从小喜欢机械,并一直研究.里根Reagon: 投资类题目适用.他发起了星球计划.为将来的太空军备竞赛作准备.结果由于工程浩大而放弃,浪费了很多钱,所以投资都应该用在对社会有实在好处上.居里 Mary Curie: 学习历史人物的重要性,失败是成功之母.此女人经过十年才找到radium这种元素,并把提取方法毫无保留地与全世界共享,获得了若贝尔奖.其坚持不懈的品质值得学习,其十年失败,终成功的例子说明了失败是成功之母.克里克Crick: imagination and knowledge.此人很变态,发现DNA结构是由于做梦!麦克斯维Maxwell: imagination and knowledge,greatness由后人判断.此人是著名物理学家,他大胆推测出电磁场理论electromagnetism并给予理论证明,但当时很多人不能相信,在他死后就有人从实验室证明了他的理论.第四篇：英语作文中名人例子4008111111 英语作文中名人例子1.成功 / 英雄 / 困难类（被写的经久不衰！）2.大众观点类：（媒体 / 团体 / 主流）3.谎言 / 现象本质 / 隐私（这个我也不懂）4.动机类（这个说的优点玄乎）5.改变 / 科技 / 创新类6.了解自身类7.选择类下面就淘选了些经典例子！1.Bill Gates（比尔盖茨）When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result.Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft.Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the world’s No.1 University.However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows.Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world.用于有放弃就会有所得、勇气、懂得把握机会类2.Thomas Edison（托马斯爱迪生）In 1879, after more than 1,000 trials and $40,000, Thomas Edison introduced an inexpensive alternative to candles and gaslight: the incandescent ing carbonized filaments from cotton thread, his light bulb burned for two days.These bulbs were first installed on the steamship Columbia and have been lighting up the world ever since.用于创造力/科技类、失败是成功之母、努力、成功 / 英雄 / 困难类3.Mother Teresa（特雷莎修女）Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name “Saint of the Gutters.” The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor.Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide.用于大众观点类/善良、品性/4.Diana Spencer（戴安娜王妃）Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Whales, is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills.不好意思了，戴安娜王妃，我还真不知怎么用你呢..5.Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela（纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉）Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid.Nelson Mandela is one of the greatmoral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world.As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa‘s antiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.用于英雄、斗争/大众观点类（非暴力）/6.Beethoven（贝多芬）Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819.However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history.His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, formes a transition from classical to romantic composition.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困难类 7.George Bush（乔治布什）On January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the commencement of Operation Desert Storm, a massive U.S.-led military offensive against Iraq in the Persian Gulf.In late 1992, Bush ordered U.S.troops into Somalia, a nation devastated by drought and civil war.The peacekeeping mission would prove the most disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly called it off in 1993.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困难类8.Jimmy Carter（吉米卡特）President Carter's policy of placing human rights records at the forefront of America's relationships with other nationscontributed to a cooling of Cold War relations in the late 1970s.In 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized emigration out of Cuba by the country's citizens.The United States welcomed the Cubans, but later took steps to slow the tide when evidence suggested that Castro was using the refugee flight to empty his prisons.用于成功 / 英雄 / 困难类/斗争、9.Neville Chamberlain（内维尔张伯伦）In 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hitler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, “peace in our time.”Eleven months after the signing of the Munich Pact, Germany broke the peace in Europe by invading Poland.A solemn Chamberlain had no choice but to declare war, and World War II began in Europe.不喜欢他，不说了...10.Raoul Wallenberg（瓦伦堡）Raoul Wallenberg was a young Swedish aristocrat.In 1944 he left the safety of his country and entered Budapest.Over the next year he outwitted the Nazis and saved as many as 100,000 Jews(he was not himself Jewish)from the death camps.In 1945 he was arrested by the Russians, charged with spying, and imprisoned in a Russian labor camp.用于道德类/英雄、自救（Conscience is a more powerful motivation than money,fame and power）11.George Soros--（乔治索斯洛）the financial crocodile Soros, who at one stage after the fall of the Berlin Wall was providing more assistance to Russia than the US government, believes in practising what he preaches.His Open Society Institute has been pivotal in helping eastern European countries develop democratic societies and market economies.Soros has the advantage of an insider's knowledge of the workings of globalcapitalism, so his criticism is particularly st year, the Soros foundation's network spent nearly half a billion dollars on projects in education, public health and promoting democracy, making it one of the world's largest private donors.用于大众观点类：（媒体 / 团体 / 主流）12.Paul Revere（保罗）Our perceptive towards Paul Revere just illustrates this point.According to the romantic legend, he, galloping along of the dark from one farm house to another, alerted the people to the coming British.And of course the story emphasized the courage of one man, made him a hero in our history books.However, his heroism required a matrix of others who were already well-prepared to mobilize against the oppressor and he was just one part of a pre-arrange plan.Heroes like Revere have no usefulness apart from a society primed to act.用于英雄、斗争/勇敢/合作类Cooperation13.Henry Ford（亨利福特）Henry ford,one of the most influential inventors in the history, was always inattentive in school.Once ,he and a friend took a watch apart to probe the principle behind it.Angry and upset, the teacher punished him both to stay after school.their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch.but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius,in ten minutes,this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home.It is imagination that invigorated Ford to make a through inquiry about things he did not know.He once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire.then he waited to see what would happen.the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam.since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded.the explosion cracked a mirror and broke awindow.Ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off,when he built his imagination of horseless carriage into reality, the history of transportation was changed forever用于creativity/curiosity/科技类15.Alexander Graham Bell（亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔）Not realizing the full impact it would have on society, Alexander Graham Bell introduced the first telephone to an amazed audience at America's Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876.Within a year, Bell had installed 230 phones and established the Bell Telephone Company, which was later transformed into AT&T.In 1997, 643,000,000,000 calls were made by people in the United States alone.用于英雄/创造、科技/影响力类考研政治大题答题技巧普遍适用规则：在掌握知识量基本相同的情况下，答题技巧的不同可能使总分相差10到20分。
小马过河GRE作文考试素材之爱因斯坦
摘要：GRE作文考试素材之爱因斯坦。
下面是小马过河GRE频道为大家整理的GRE作文考试的素材积累，希望能够帮助大家写出有自己观点作文，取得GRE作文考试的高分。
Einstein Albert 1879—1955Physicist.Born March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Germany. Einstein grew up in Munich, where his father, Hermann, owned a small electrochemical factory. The strict discipline of German schools did not appeal to the young Einstein, who was a poor student but conducted his own studies of philosophy, math, and science. In 1895, after Hermann抯 busines failed, the Einstein family moved to Milan, Italy. Albert stayed behind to continue his studies, but soon left school with no diploma to rejoin his family. He continued his independent studies, teaching himself calculus and higher scientific principles. After failing his first entrance examination to the prestigious Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Einstein gained admittance in 1896 and began his four years studying physics and mathematics.After his graduation in 1900, Einstein became a naturalized Swiss citizen in 1901 and got a job as a technical assistant at the Swiss patent office in Bern. In 1903, he married his university sweetheart, MilevaMaric. While employed at the patent office, Einstein continued his own investigations in theoretical physics. In 1905, he published an article entitled New Determination of Molecular Dimensions?in the well-known German physics monthly Annalen der Physik. The article earned him a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich. That same year, Einstein published four other papers in Annalen, including his revolutionary theory that light exists in both waves and particles. His major proposal of 1905, however, was his special theory of relativity, which dismissed the traditional notion that time and space were absolute concepts, suggesting instead that both time and space vary with circumstances.Einstein worked as a professor of physics at universities in Prague and Zurich before moving to Berlin in 1914 with his wife and two sons, Hans Albert and Eduard. He took a post at the Prussian Academy of Sciences, where he could continue his research and lecture at the University of Berlin. Unhappy with life in Berlin, his wife Mileva returned to Switzerland with their sons near the beginning of World World I; their separation led to a divorce in 1919. Einstein married his second cousin, Elsa Lowenthal, later that year.In 1915, Einstein perfected his general theory of relativity, summing up his theory with the mathematical equation E=mc?(energy equals mass times the speed of light squared). His findings on relativity were published in The Principle of Relativity, Sidelights on Relativity, and The Meaning of Relativity. In November 1919, the Royal Society of London announced that their experiment conducted during the solar eclipse of that year had confirmed the predictions Einstein made in his general theory of relativity. The implications of this announcement shook the world of science and earned Einstein the international acclaim he had long deserved.Controversy continued to surround his scientific theories, as well as his political convictions, which became more pronounced as his fame increased. In the years following WWI, he received a great deal of criticism within Germany for his theories, as well as his active supportof pacifism (including the League of Nations), liberalism, and Zionism. He traveled a great deal to deliver lectures on relativity, touring Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Einstein first toured the United States in the spring of 1921, in order to raise money for the Palestine Foundation Fund.In 1921, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. He was cited by the prize committee or your photoelectric law and your work in the field of theoretical physics.? There was no mention of his still-controversial work with relativity, which would become his most enduring legacy. From the 1920s on, Einstein worked to unify concepts of gravity and electromagnetism into a rand unified theory of physics,?or a single mathematical formula to relate the universal properties of matter and energy quest that would remain unfulfilled.Meanwhile, Einstein legendary pacifism only strengthened during the years before World War II. He was exceedingly distressed by the failure of the 1932 World Disarmament Conference in Geneva, and later began a famous correspondence with Sigmund Freud about man inherent love of war. In 1933, just after Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany, Einstein renounced German citizenship and emigrated to America, where he was offered a full-time position at the newly-founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.Early on, Einstein recognized the serious threat to world security posed by Hitler and Nazism. Despite his history of pacifism, he publicly urged European nations to ready themselves for defense. Realizing the implications of a possible Axis victory, he urged President Franklin D. Roosevelt to step up nuclear fission research in the U.S. Though he played no direct part in the development of the atomic bomb and was publicly horrified by its use in Japan in 1945 and its implications for the future of war, his name and research were inextricably linked to the dawning of the age of atomic power.After Elsa death in 1936, Einstein lived alone in Princeton, throwing himself even more completely into political activism. He joined other scientists in a push to prevent future use of atomic weapons, proposing the establishment of a system of world government that would provide he binding authority necessary for world security.? He also denounced McCarthyism and called for an end to bigotry and racism, and was widely criticized for his liberal views among the anxious age of the Cold War. He died on April 18, 1955, at the age of 76.本文转载自小马过河国际教育。
GRE素材之历史名人
Edison（greatness of individuals, education, success, goals……）What made Edison so extraordinarily successful? He was by any reckoning a brilliant inventor, but there were many other fine, clever contemporary inventors, now mostly forgotten: Elisha Gray and George Phelps in telegraphy; Emile Berliner in telephony and sound recording; Edward Weston in electrical instrumentation; Elihu Thomson, Frank Sprague, and Nikola Tesla in electrical power and lighting. Edison outshone them all in the breadth of his accomplishments and the public renown he garnered. He broadened the notion of invention to include far more than simply embodying an idea in a working artifact. His vision encompassed what the twentieth century would call innovation—invention, research, development, and commercialization. Moreover, he combined a prodigious creativity with a canny sense of the emerging influence of the popular press, and therein lies the key to his historical stature.His mother Nancy had apparently taught school at some point, and his father Samuel, a political firebrand and freethinker, had a library that Edison was encouraged to read. He attended school briefly for two periods in Port Huron, but was largely taught at home by his mother. "My mother taught me how to read good books quickly and correctly," he later said, "and as this opened up a great world in literature, I have always been very thankful for this early training." At the same time he was learning the entrepreneurial ways of his father, whose many careers included land speculation, shingle making, and truck farming. The same entrepreneurial attributes ascribed to his father were later applied to Edison: "a lively disposition always looking on the bright side of things" and "full of most sanguine speculation as to any project he takes in his head."In 1929, the fiftieth anniversary of the electric lamp, Henry Ford staged a ceremony attended by President and Mrs. Hoover and broadcast across the country. On Edison's death in 1931 the president asked the nation to dim its lights in his honor.Galileo Galilei(observation, greatness, science,)was an Italian scientist who formulated the basic law of falling bodies, which he verified by careful measurements. He constructed a telescope with which he studied lunar craters, and discovered four moons revolving around Jupiter and espoused the Copernican cause.Fantoni left the chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa in 1589 and Galileo was appointed to fill the post (although this was only a nominal position to provide financial support for Galileo). Not only did he receive strong recommendations from Clavius, but he also had acquired an excellent reputation through his lectures at the Florence Academy in the previous year. The young mathematician had rapidly acquired the reputation that was necessary to gain such a position, but there were still higher positions at which he might aim. Galileo spent three years holding this post at the university of Pisa and during this time he wrote De Motu a series of essays on the theory of motion which he never published. It is likely that he never published this material because he was less than satisfied with it, and this is fair for despite containing some important steps forward, it also contained some incorrect ideas. Perhaps the most important new ideas which De Motu contains is that one can test theories by conducting experiments. In particular the work containshis important idea that one could test theories about falling bodies using an inclined plane to slow down the rate of descent.Leonardo DA VINCI (b. 1452, Vinci, Republic of Florence [now in Italy]--d. May 2, 1519, Cloux, Fr.), Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. His Last Supper(1495-97) and Mona Lisa (1503-06) are among the most widely popular and influential paintings of the Renaissance. His notebooks reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry and a mechanical inventiveness that were centuries ahead of his time.Newton (science, observation, progress in one area, greatness)laid the foundation for differential and integral calculus. His work on optics and gravitation make him one of the greatest scientists the world has knownNewton's greatest achievement was his work in physics and celestial mechanics, which culminated in the theory of universal gravitation. By 1666 Newton had early versions of his three laws of motion. He had also discovered the law giving the centrifugal force on a body moving uniformly in a circular path. However he did not have a correct understanding of the mechanics of circular motion.From his law of centrifugal force and Kepler's third law of planetary motion, Newton deduced the inverse-square law.Einstein contributed more than any other scientist to the modern vision of physical reality. His special and general theories of relativity are still regarded as the most satisfactory model of the large-scale universe that we have.Puritanism, Puritans (Politics and morality)They encouraged direct personal religious experience, sincere moral conduct, and simple worship services. Worship was the area in which Puritans tried to change things most; their efforts in that direction were sustained by intense theological convictions and definite expectations about how seriously Christianity should be taken as the focus of human existence, the Bible provided the indispensable guide to lifeMike Tyson (attain success and best use of it)On November 22, 1986, 20-year-old Tyson let Trevor Berbick stay on his feet until round two. Tyson was crowned the World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight champion, making him the youngest heavyweight champ ever.。
新GRE写作名人素材库整理
新GRE写作名人素材库整理在新GRE写作中要非常重视思维规律与论据论证,所以平常需积累新GRE写作名人素材,我们一起来看看吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
新GRE写作名人素材库：丘吉尔Churchill, Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer) 1874 -- 1965British statesman, prime minister, and author. Born November 30, 1874, in Oxfordshire, England, the eldest son of Randolph Churchill. Winston Churchill is most notable for his parliamentary career, which spanned the reigns of six monarchs, from Queen Victoria to her great-great-granddaughter, Elizabeth II. His early military service included hand-to-hand combat in the Sudan, and he lived to see the use of atomic weapons as a means to end World War II. He was most familiar as a diplomat in his homburg hat and bowtie flashing the V-for-Victory sign with his index and middle fingers; but he was also a weekend artisan, building garden walls at his home at Chartwell, as well as an accomplished painter. His paintings were regularly exhibited at the Royal Academy, which held a one-man retrospective of his work in 1958.One of the greatest orators of the twentieth century, Churchill used words and phrases條ike blood, toil, tears, and sweat or the iron curtain hat have assumed a permanent place in the English lexicon. An exampleof his wit is his frequently quoted retort to Lady Astor who had told him, If I were to marry you, Id feed you poison, to which Churchill responded, And if I were your husband, Id take it.Churchills military career began almost immediately upon his graduation with honors from Sandhurst, the West Point of Great Britain. In March 1895, he was appointed to the Fourth (Queens Own) Hussars as a sub-lieutenant, assigned to duty at the Aldershop camp in Hampshire. After attachment as an observer to an anti-insurrectionary Spanish force in Cuba, he served in Bangalore, India. His next assignments included the Tirah Expeditionary Force in 1898 and the Nile Expeditionary Force, where he participated in the famous cavalry charge at Omdurman.Churchill also saw battle as a journalist. In 1897, as a war correspondent for The London Daily Telegraph, he joined General Sir Benden Bloods expedition against the Pathams in the area of the Malakand Pass. In a similar capacity for The London Morning Post, he went to South Africa after the outbreak of the Boer War. There, on November 15, 1899, he was taken prisoner by Louis Botha, who later became the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa and a close friend of Sir Winstons.Churchill followed his escape from Botha with a lecture tour of the United States, and thus helped finance the start of his political career. Itbegan with an unsuccessful stand as a Conservative in a by-election in Oldham, Lancashire, in 1898; he ran again for the position, successfully, in 1900. Over the next three years, however, he found himself in disagreement with his party, particularly over the high tariff policy of Joseph Chamberlain. Therefore, in 1904 he crossed the aisle in the House of Commons and affiliated himself with the free-trade Liberals. Cabinet positions followed, first under-secretary for the colonies, then privy councillor. Upon the rise of Herbert Henry Asquith to prime minister in 1908, Churchill became president of the board of trade and home secretary. In these last two positions Churchill sponsored such progressive legislation as the establishment of the British Labor Exchanges, old age pensions, and health and unemployment insurance.In 1911, Churchill became first lord of the admiralty, readying the British fleet for war with Germany. By the start of World War I in 1914, the Royal Navy was so well prepared, having changed over from coal to oil-fueled vessels, that it quickly confined the German fleet to its home ports. The Germans refrained from an all-out naval confrontation, relying instead upon the submarine. Churchills other major accomplishment at this time was the establishment of the Royal Air Force, first called the Royal Flying Corps. But after encountering loud criticism for the British landings on Gallipoli (the Dardanelles campaign), which resulted in heavy casualties, Churchill was demoted. He resigned his office in 1916 to go tothe front as a lieutenant-colonel in command of the Sixth Royal Fusiliers. Nevertheless, he was soon recalled by Prime Minister Lloyd George to become minister of munitions.After World War I, Churchill introduced a number of military reforms as secretary of state for war and for air (1918-21). As secretary for the colonies (1921-22), he worked toward the establishment of new Arab states, toward a Jewish homeland in the Middle East, and toward an Irish free state. At this time, Churchill was growing increasingly anti-socialist, setting himself at odds with the pro-labor segment of the Liberal party. His use of British troops to suppress the Bolshevist regime in the Soviet Union lost him the favor of Lloyd George, who appointed Sir Robert Horne chancellor of the exchequer over Churchill. But in 1924, Churchill rejoined the Conservatives and was immediately named chancellor of the exchequer.新GRE写作名人素材库：黑格尔Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 1770 -- 1831Idealist philosopher, born in Stuttgart, Germany. He studied theology at Tübingen, and in 1801 edited with Schelling the Kritische Journal der Philosophie (1802--3, Critical Journal of Philosophy), in which he outlined his system with its emphasis on reason rather than the Romantic intuitionism of Schelling, which he attacked in his first major work, Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807, The Phenomenology of theMind). While headmaster of a Nuremberg school (1808--16) he wrote his Wissenschaft der Logik (1812--16, Science of Logic). He then published his Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften (1817, trans Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences), in which he set out his tripartite system of logic, philosophy of nature, and mind. He became professor in Heidelberg (1816) and Berlin (1818). His approach, influenced by Kant, rejects the reality of finite and separate objects and minds in space and time, and establishes an underlying, all embracing unity, the Absolute. The quest for greater unity and truth is achieved by the famous dialectic, positing something (thesis), denying it (antithesis), and combining the two half-truths in a synthesis which contains a greater portion of truth in its complexity. His works exerted considerable influence on subsequent European and American philosophy.新GRE写作名人素材库：歌德Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 1749 -- 1832Poet, dramatist, novelist, and scientist. Born in Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany on August 28, 1749. He was the eldest son of Johann Kaspar Goethe and Katharina Elisabeth Textor Goethe. His father was a lawyer of some eminence. At an early age the boy showed a persistent fondness for drawing and learned with surprising ease. In 1759 a French nobleman of aesthetic tastes came to stay with the Goethes, and a warm friendship developed between him and the future author. The friendshipaccelerated young Goethes intellectual development.Shortly after this, a French theater was founded at Frankfurt, and there Goethe became conversant with the plays of Racine; he also made some early attempts at original writing and began to learn Italian, Latin, Greek, English, and Hebrew.He soon moved from his native town to Leipzig, where he entered the university, intending to become a lawyer. At Leipzig, Goethe showed little affection for the actual curriculum; instead he continued in essay writing and drawing and even took lessons in etching. He also found time for a love affair, but this was cut short in 1768 when he developed a serious illness. On his recovery he decided to leave Leipzig and go to Strasbourg.There he became friendly with Jung-Stilling (see Johann Heinrich Jung), and his taste for letters was strengthened, Homer and Ossian being his favorites among the masters. Although he continued to appear indifferent to the study of law, he succeeded in becoming an advocate in 1771 and returned to Frankfurt.Goethe had already written a quantity of verse and prose, and he began to write critiques for some of the newspapers in Frankfurt. At the same time he started writing Goetz von Berlichingen and Werther. These works were soon followed by Prometheus, and in 1774 the author began working on Faust.The following year saw the production of some of Goethes best love poems, written for Lilli Schemann, daughter of a Frankfurt banker. Nothing more than poetry, however, resulted from this new devotion. Scarcely had it come and gone before Goethes whole life was changed, for his writings had become famous. As a result the young duke Carl August of Weimar, anxious for a trusty page, invited the rising author to his court. The invitation was accepted. Goethe became a member of the privy council; subsequently he was raised to the rank of Geheimrat (privy counselor) and then ennobled.Goethes life at Weimar was a very busy one. Trusted implicitly by the duke, he directed the construction of public roads and buildings, attended to military and academic affairs, and founded a court theater. As occupied as he was, he continued to write voluminously. Among the most important works he produced during his first years at the dukes court were Iphigenie and Wilhelm Meister.In 1787 he had a lengthy stay in Italy, visiting Naples, Pompeii, Rome, and Milan. Returning to Weimar, he began writing Egmont. In 1795 he made the acquaintance of poet and dramatist Friedrich von Schiller, with whom he quickly became friendly and with whom he worked on the Horen, a journal designed to elevate the literary tastes of the masses.About this period, too, Goethe wrote his play Hermann und Dorothea and also began translating Voltaire, Diderot, and BenvenutoCellini.The year 1806 was a significant one in Goethes life, marked by his marriage and also by the entry of Napoleon into Weimar. The conquering general and the German poet found much in each other to admire, and Napoleon decorated Goethe with the cross of the Legion of Honour.In 1811 Goethe wrote Dichtung und Wahrheit, Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre; in 1821 he began working at a second part of Faust. During this time he had two famous visitors--Beethoven from Vienna and Thackeray from London. Although the composer thought himself coldly received, the novelist spoke with enthusiasm of the welcome accorded him. Goethe was then well advanced in years, however, and his health was beginning to fail. He died March 22, 1832.Few great writers--not even Disraeli or Sir Walter Scott--had fuller lives than Goethe. His love affairs were many, and his early taste for the graphic arts continued to the end of his days, resulting in a vast collection of treasures. He also expressed an interest in mysticism, which manifested itself in various forms besides the writing of Faust. With a temperament aspiring to the unattainable, Goethes mind was essentially a speculative one. During his childhood at Frankfurt he did symbolic drawings of the souls aspirations to the deity, and he later became immersed in the study of the Christian religion. Eventually he grew skeptical on this subject, his ideas being altered not only by his ownruminations but by reading various iconoclastic philosophers, especially Rousseau. Later his intellect was seemingly less engaged by Christianity than by ancient Eastern faiths, as demonstrated by some of his works, notably Westtliche Divan.新GRE写作名人素材库整理。
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在练习作文的过程中,发现很多人名在很多人名在很多题材的作文中都可以反复用到,在没有总结这些名字之前,老是写新文章时就忘记了以前用过的人名的拼写.所以就开始积累常用人名了.由于论坛里其它形式的资料帖都有了,为求有点新意,能给g友们更快地提升作文,遂决定把本人的人名总结及其适用文章贡献出来.:)
由于适用的文章是我临时回忆的,所以肯定不止下面列举的这些适用文章.欢迎补充!
凡高Van Gogh: 艺术类文章里引用,如arts and critics, greatness总是超前时代的所以只能由后人评判, history强调individual(因为在艺术历史领域只能强调individual),还有percive world with different eyes也可以引用这个例子.此人的另类抽象painting风格和当时的审美标准不符,故遭排挤,而几百年后的critics才发现他的价值.
哥白尼Copernicus:引用题目有:greatness超前时代,挑战权威(当时是church),history强调individual(因为在科学研究领域只能强调individual). 此人是日心说,当时宗教教育说是地心说,死前才公布自已的论断(因为怕早死).
莫扎特Mozart: greatness只能由后人判断的反面例子.此人音乐才华在世时就被教皇看重,给以了很多赞助,使其.......
毕加索Picasso: greatness只能由后人判断的反面例子,arts反映hidden ideas的反面例子.此人是20世纪最伟大的画家,其画风格为cubism,很多人说他的画只反映个人的ideocyncratic,而没有反映社会的hidden ideas,此人在世时就被判为greatness了.
林肯Abraham Lincoln: history关注individuals,effective leader要随机应变,just
and unjust laws.此人南北战争,解放黑奴,没有他,可能就没有今天这样的美国了.据说他在南北战争前是不支持解放黑奴的,而之后又支持了.
马丁路德金
Martin Luther King, Jr: leaders要有很高的moral and ethical standards, history关注individuals 的重要性,just and unjust laws,学习历史的重要性.此人为黑人获得与白人相同的权利发起了黑奴运动,他的"I have a dream"演讲教育了一代一代人.他的moral and ethical standards是不用说的,没有这个individual,美国黑人现在可能还要坐在汽车后面的座位.
莎士比亚Shakespeare: greatness由后人评判的反面例子,survive and arts里强调arts可以培养人什么的.此人的介绍我就不多说了.
贝多芬Beethoven: arts的重要性,arts and critics.此人为著名作曲家,'命运'激励了多少人,当时的critics也批斗过他,因为standards很rigid and stale.
希特勒Hitler:
不能迷信权威啊,学习历史的重要性啊(不重蹈覆辙),history强调individual啊.此人是著名战争狂,由于全国人都迷信他的言论才能坐上首相位置,学习他的例子可以使现在的社会不重蹈他的覆辙,他这个individual也反映当时common people/multitude的普遍value:战争主义,chauvinism.
加利略Galileo:不迷信权威,history强调individual(因为在科学研究领域只能强调individual),beginner and expert.当时的expert和authority就是Aristotle,认为物体越重下降越快.而此人证明了其实都是一样快的.
亚力士多德Aristotle: 和加利略一起举例.
爱因斯坦Einstein: 不迷信权威.greatness由后人判断的反面例子.beginner and
expert中expert的劣势.此人证明了权威牛顿三大定律只能在宏观世界有效,而不适于微观世界.其greatness在其在世时就确立了,他曾说过,自从他成名后,就没能找出一段完整属于自己的时间来深入思考这个世界了.
牛顿Newton. 不迷信权威,greatness由后人判断.此人是个权威,被爱因斯坦挑战见爱因斯坦那条.
华盛顿George Washington: history研究individual的重要性.leaders 要有moral standards.
此人为美国开国总统,没有他开了连续任两届总统就得下台的先河,可能美国在他之后好久都是专制国家,因为当时有人要他当皇帝.
凯撒Julius Caesar. history研究individual的重要性.
奥古斯都Augusto
Alexander, the Great 亚利山大大帝,所建立的亚力山大帝国地跨三大陆.研究那个帝国如果研究他,只研究multitude怎么能研究得下去?
托马斯.杰佛森Thomas Jefferson: 这个有点想不起来用在哪里了.此人说过all men are created
equal->the declaration of independence:
甘地Gandhi: greatness的文章,leaders and moral standards的文章.
此人是印度的建国祖师,坐过很多牢,stoic,情操很高,结果可以只demenstration 来和平解放印度.
拿破仑Napoleon: individual的重要性.
此人是著名战争狂,他的发起的战争虽然很荒唐,但却被法国中场阶认为很浪漫,他的individual反映当时的普遍价值观.
肯尼迪Kennedy: scandals, leaders should have moral standards.
此人在位时很大程度缓解了苏美关系.却有marital scandals.所以scandals会distract us from
people's real responsibility.
罗斯福Roosevelt(FDR): individual的重要性,领导要听取群众意见,随机应变.
此人有两大贡献:发动反德战争,带美国走出Depression.没有他的发动战争宣言,可能WWII不会这么快结束.据说一位英国著名经济学家曾写信给他说要他采取苏联模式来政府介入自由经济,操控经济,才使他在1930年代出台各种政府措施来改善经济,使得经济复苏(大国崛起里说的).
成吉斯汗Genghis Khan: 领导要听取群众意思,而不是有强硬持久的原则和目标: 这个也不用介绍了.
斯大林Stalin: 同成吉斯汗.
达尔文Darwin: 挑战权威. 进化论的祖师爷,写过'the origin of species'.挑战当时普遍的神创论.
孟德尔Mendel: expert and beginner,data的重要性.
因为是expert,因为做了十年研究积累了大量data,才由统计学原理发现了law of Inheritance.
瓦特James Watt: 很多都适用,如creativity很重要啊,兴趣很重要而不是老去考虑对社会会有什么贡献啊.
此人发明了蒸汽机,从小喜欢机械,并一直研究.
里根Reagon: 投资类题目适用.
他发起了星球计划.为将来的太空军备竞赛作准备.结果由于工程浩大而放弃,浪费了很多钱,所以投资都应该用在对社会有实在好处上.
居里夫人Mary Curie: 学习历史人物的重要性,失败是成功之母.
此女人经过十年才找到radium这种元素,并把提取方法毫无保留地与全世界共享,获得了若贝尔奖.其坚持不懈的品质值得学习,其十年失败,终成功的例子说明了失败是成功之母.
克里克Crick: imagination and knowledge. 此人很变态,发现DNA结构是由于做梦!
麦克斯维Maxwell: imagination and knowledge,greatness由后人判断.
此人是著名物理学家,他大胆推测出电磁场理论electromagnetism并给予理论证明,但当时很多人不能相信,在他死后就有人从实验室证明了他的理论.
Chairman Mao Tze Tong
Chiang Kai Shek。