GRE2016原创Issue提纲高频
GRE写作提纲Issue完整版整合word版
英语学习无论对于学生还是职场人士来说都是非常重要的，很多要出国留学的学生需要准备对应的托福、雅思、SAT、GRE、GMAT等留学考试，获得较高的分数才能申请相对较好的国外大学。
国内大学生经常要备考的是四六级考试，能在四六级考试中获得较高的分数，在今后的职场工作总也会有一定的优势。
英语的学习词汇是基础，各个不同等级的考试对于词汇量的要求也不同，一般要求的词汇量在3000-20000不等。
学好英语在掌握足够词汇量的基础上还要对语法有一定的了解，生活中多练习口语，掌握一些口语交流技能。
为大家整理汇总了下述英语学习材料，方便大家学习查看。
今天我们一起来看看GRE写作提纲Issue完整版吧，下面就和大家，来欣一下吧。
GRE写作提纲Issue完整版A nation should require all of 表态+论述观点：中立偏否定1、在接受高等教育(tertiaryeducation)之前，学习统一的课程有许多优点：a、由于全国学习同样课程，有利于保证教育公平，避免不同教育水平地区差距拉大(widen thedisparity between);b、维护统一，利于开展一致的国民教育，普遍地提高国民素质;c、避免各个地区重复开发课程，极大降低财政负担2、然而，这样也有很大的弊端(seriousdrawbacks)：a、从个体差异来看，不同学生有不同特长，要求全国统一课程显然谋杀了学生的个性，不利于个人发展;b、不同地区有独特文化，尤其在许多文化多样(diverseculture)的国家，不同地区学生接受同样课程可能造成地区文化的流失(gradually fade away)3、事实上，这个问题不可一概而论(We should not make sweepinggeneralizations)：a、对于文化差异不大的国家，可以在要求全国统一部分compulsorycurriculums，同时根据不同学生的需求开设electivecourses，与大学课程设置制度类似，但必修部分较多，选修较少;b、对于文化差异大的国家，则不宜要求统一课程，可设置教学大纲(minimum syllabus)，由各个地区按照大纲设置符合地区文化和发展需求的课程。
GRE ISSUE 模板
高频段落(现场写不出来，需要提前准备的段落)1. 教育的本质The essential of education is improving individuals’ self-cultivation instead of creating parts of the society. The difference is like which between exercise at a gym and in a professional soccer team. The aim of former is improving our body to live a better life while the latter is using our body much better within the rules to win the game, to make ones living and serve the society. In a professional soccer training camp, a recruit may spend hours to practice sliding trickle not because it is good for health —it more likely has the opposite effect and rurally could be dangerous —but because sliding trickle is effective in defending especially in some one-to-one breaking through situation with in the rules on the courts. Thus this practice must be stopped if the rules were changed and the action were forbidden. On the other hand, we often see members at a gym practicing push-ups, five or fingers touching the floor and sitting on the ground with legs outstretched. The only vocation in which these particular actions could be use should be galley slaver, but I do not think they can access to such a job in the modern society however skillful they are. In general, course in a specific field aim to serve the society and help us to survive, while variety courses outside a field cultivate ourselves for a better life.2. 人的本质As a species on the Earth, just like ants or zebras, our nature order us to deliver our genes generation after generation as much as possible and thus we must be on a dominate position in struggle of life. In human society, being on an advantageous position rurally means having a green thumb, because it warrants not only our basic need such us food and clothes but also a better condition for our descendent. From this point of view, I agree…However, our human beings would never only be a living creature. We are distinctive from animals by given humanity which means an ethic of kindness, sympathy and benevolence extended universally and impartially to all human beings. And that is why we are willing to raise the step-children up in most situations instead of killing them as a male lion. In my opinion, the ... is just like …3. Political systemDemocracy where the historical trend has been, gives power to people as a whole. Most developed countries, including constitutional monarchy states, such as the USA and UK claim to operate as this political system. In this country, despite some problems such as power and wealth inequality, most of the citizens are well educated and given many rights and freedom politically and economically. Thus they can…At the same time, totalitarianism, a highly centralized political form which tend to regulate people’s daily life and seek to bend people to the will of the government, also extent in some other countries. Two typical examples of totalitarian governments are Nazi Germany and North Korea. The former is notorious for the intrude in the World War Two, while in the latter, ordinary citizens had no access to the computer or internet at all and government control the mass media, keep the people in poverty and even guard the citizens by powerful surveillance equipment. In totalitarianism countries…4. The function of ARTArt, the production of creative activities, conveys an idea, emotion or sense of feeling by shapingor selecting simple elements. Usually, art, as a vision or thinking of the world, is used to criticize the world it might be, to wake up sleepwalking people fight for their life, to heal a broken heart and energize a tired soul and it truly has an effect in any society life mentally and worldly. Socially, individuals can express their own need to call for help through arts just like the black singer J-Zay singing the wish of racial equality in his songs. Economically, pictures, music albums and sculptures exchange a lot of GTP and support thousands of family in any corner of the world. Either Justin Timberlake showing on the Grammy Awards or a nameless painter drawing pictures for the tourists on some street corner in Rio is benefit from art. Didactically, a lot of heroes and moral models are described and eulogized in pomes, hymns and movies. Through this forms of art, the moral principles inject into each new generation. Politically, arts could be a conservative force to elicit loyalty and thus to stabilize the society because particular arts in many ways symbolize a culture. Besides, we often heard songs comes from a temple or a church to express their loyalty and rumination, we often add the beauty to our surrounding by hang on a picture or playing a movement, and we often repose ourselves by listening a piece of symphony. Arts perform an indispensable role in all aspects of our life.5. Culture definition and functionCulture is a compound of rituals, religion, economical systems, language, a style of dress, a way of cooking and a political system. It is not an inborn thing but inherited by learning and sharing. Thus, each culture holds a group of people and their descendants together to help them adapt to the ever-changing world on several levels. On the material level, a culture provides a way for people to generate and change the goods for survive. On the social level, a culture organizes people through family, wok and political structure. The last level is metaphysical, it gives a group of people a unique way to ruminate themselves, cognize the world, think about the university and form our beliefs and ideas. These different aspects all above creative a interact mechanism between human and their environment.6. Critical thinkingCritical thinking is the ability to draw a reasonable conclusion after gathering and assessing relevant information independently. Although critical thinking can be used to exposing others’fallacies, it is different from being critical or argumentative of other people. Good critical thinking helps us acquire knowledge, improve our theories and enhance work processes. Thus it is definitely a foundation of science and a liberal democratic society.7. The function of the low。
GRE考试：issue写作指导(提纲 模板)
GRE考试：issue作文重点题目和提纲gre issue 提纲“It is dangerous to trust only intelligence.”只相信智力是危险的。
【分析题目】拿到一个题目后，我们不要忙于去写，一定要先对题目进行详细的分析。
通过题目我们知道主要论证的是intelligence的作用，因此，智力是这个题目最关键的突破点。
【提纲1】A. 无可否认的，智力因素在各个领域都很重要，无论是自然科学还是社会科学。
(论据1)Undoubtedly, intelligence plays an important role in many realms, including the natural science and the social sciences.B.要想成功光靠智力是远远不够的，还有很多其他的因素如勤奋、勇敢等。
(论据2)Intelligence by itself is not enough for one to succeed; many other factors such as diligence and courage must be taken into consideration.C.应该在此二者之间寻求平衡，即将两者结合起来。
We should strive for a balance between intelligence and emotion, that is, combine them with each other.【提纲2】Position: Intelligence is sufficient in some cases but not in any case.1、In scientific studies regarding the physical world, we should depend only on intelligence for discovering and testing truths.2、However, in the realm of human affairs, we have to use both our intelligence and our hearts for solving problems.3、Sometimes our intuition can give us valuable assistance in making a judgment.GRE考试：issue字数gre issue 字数要求是怎样的?很多考生担心考试时issue 字数上不去。
gre作文issue学习提纲完整版
学习类1(1). "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."通常，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；（因为）意见不统一会带来压力并且阻碍学习。
（与我们）持相同意见者和持不同意见者对学习的作用Topic：虽然从某种程度上来讲，不同意见会给我们带来压力，但这不是理由，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；1）我们很难从观点与我们相同或相似的人那儿获得新知识和受到启发。
2）相反，我们能从与我们观点相悖的人身上获取新视野，从而找到解决问题的方法eg 与此同时，我们能从与我们观点相悖的人身上发现自身的不足eg3）历史告诉我们，无论是对个人还是社会，主要是通过不同意见的争论来获取进步，向前发展的。
4）诚然，不同意见会给我们带来压力，但正是这种压力才更好的促使我们去思考。
.2(4). "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."在任何一个研究领域当中，除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验，否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。
Outsider: a person does not belong to a particular group闭门造车，旁观者清Topic：同意，知识领域的重大进展依赖于各学科的知识和经验，甚至能创造出一个新的学科。
GRE作文ISSUE高频题及提纲1
7."The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporaryOur life has gone through great changes since the video camera came into being, which prov Yet it’s rash to say that video camera has already won over traditional written documents 8."It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information fr Firstly, political leaders, in a democracy regime, will harm the proper right of people as Secondly, withholding information from the public will result in corruption in the governm Admittedly, sometimes it is necessary for political leaders to keep the public from know s 10"Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need It is always true that big cities of a country boom not only in economy but also in cultur Similarly, either small cities, or villages and towns, in spite of not being major cities, 11"All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to enga Though each social problem appears to be different in different nations, as theft in afflu On the other hand, though nearly all the social problems are persisting in every nation, s 17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a respo Laws and regulations are set up along with the entrenchment of a government serving as a m 26"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's pas i. Historic buildings are irrecoverable resources we should preserve not only for ourselve30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency First of all, as we have witnessed, achievement in technology has immensely improved peopl 36"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by t The greatness of individuals cannot be appreciated by their contemporaries in large part i Besides, to test the validity of theories, works and ideas of the great individuals need a 38"In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can Though each has its advantages, television and books are not capable to win over each othe39"The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: mo Bill Gates, who quitted from university and did not complete his degree while establish hi As for people who have strong ability of self-management and definite purpose of learning, 41"Such non-mainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and par We may find out that, people who resort to fortune-telling, astrology and such non-mainstr46"While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their suc Through competition, one makes himself/herself become eminent, so do the leaders entrench 47"Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, on reasoning and other In a sense, intellectual skills and non-intellectual skills are somewhat like skeleton an 48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant even In most historical documents, those significant figures were described as the only decisio Lacking of sufficient materials is another problem.50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all 1. to faculty members of some academic area, working outside the academic world will do li 51"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the ind 1. the efficiency of education lies in its generalization ( teacher, student ) 2. over-spe54"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people toHistory is a part of our development, and provides relevant information of present problem History also serves as a source of precedent and predication, which guide us to avoid or l56"Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than tr Undoubtedly, immediate problems that agonize and afflict people mostly, such as crimes, wa59"Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should le We have been brought up with the tales and legends of kinds of heroes and heroines, no mat 61"High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because th Most of these children farewell these dreams when they grow up for their capability, perso 64"Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it." 许1. The conception of "success", relatively, is one of narrow sense, not wide-sense.2. Limited personal ability result in failing to make best use of the success furtherly. 3 74"The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is thr 1. it is much easier for people to understand an idea by vision than by abstract language 80"All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no i 1)to the environment's sake, it is necessary to do so . leaving some pristine not polluted 85"Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts."1.artists, producers of the arts, are mundane beings who can only use objective things as87."In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make importantA. Beginners have intense curiosity about the unknown and great courage to try new things, 88"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."A. Technologies have radically changed the way we spend holidays.B. The new way of commun93. "The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies 103."The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily li 108."In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at 120."So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past p 127."Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or 130."How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, w 131."The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal me otherwise hidden ideas and imp 136."The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare." A. Our life experie 138"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."A. Mistakes help us find out what is unworkable and hence we can approach the right soluti144."It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value." a p147."Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them." A 150."Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become famil A. Admittedly, corporate executives should make every effort to increase the profits of th153."Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should questi B. Skepticism is the starting point for creation. C. College campus is a place where teach154."Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too parents hold the ultimately legal authority to make key decisions about what and how their 157."There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective 159."The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of 160."The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistent 161."'In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to r167."It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Co B. However, as to some cardinal politics, the political leader should always be complete h 173."Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means Originality is a very important factor affecting the success of science, art, technology, 175."It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may ' be wo83."As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more compl 184."It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data." A. A theory conjured up witho 185."Scandals-whether in politics, academia, or other areas-can be useful. They focus our 186."Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything 207."Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of pe A. I agree with the speaker insofar as one purpose of ritual and ceremony in today's world 208."The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can te 212. "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable." B. However, 214."Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and beg 218."In order for any work of art- whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song-to have 226. "People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront arc more comple A. On the one hand, the speaker overlooks certain societal problems unique to today's worl 235. "Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty-whether to one's friendo being, which provides a totally new and different way of recording life to the traditional written l written documents and become the new domination of documentation field since video record is limit hold information from the public."right of people as they withhold information from the public.tion in the government, and therefore bring detriment to society.public from know something, such as country’s top secrete, which is indispensable and helpful for l support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural t but also in culture. Actually, not all the major cities of a country are bound to the responsibilit being major cities, are the places where culture traditions generated and handed down be generations ty designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems , as theft in affluent nations may be conducted more for psychological reasons rather than for the v in every nation, some may be disasters in one nation while slight flaw in another. Such a global u society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unj ment serving as a means to control the country. Since laws are built up under the power of governmen f any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners t only for ourselves but for our decendants ii. Historic buildings are valuable records of a societypeople's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."sely improved people’s efficiency, such as assembly-line, robots. Computer, etc.Besides, when peopl fter them, not by their contemporaries."ies in large part is due to their outstanding talent and their transcendental intelligence which sur individuals need a long time even centuries. In a democratic society, individuals have full free to ce was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books."win over each other. Reading books is an active process, where we can make choice of what, when andastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years th while establish his business of Microsoft which ranks in the top of Fortune, may serve as a good ex urpose of learning, they may obtain more knowledge from self-studying than attending university or cand psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are nd such non-mainstream area of inquiry unusually are ill educated and underclass of the society.Inde attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its y e leaders entrench their successful position. The sense of competition is indispensable for a leader reasoning and other cognitive skills”.at like skeleton and flesh of a body. A society cannot advance without cognitive skills, yet it cannst significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups as the only decision makers. It is natural, however, for historians to do so, or from another aspect iversity level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in p ic world will do little help to their academic ability while distracting them from the research andned to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."udent ) 2. over-specified education will narrow down students’ ken and capability of acclimation toof present problems.de us to avoid or less making false decisions when in face of hard task in present.Admittedly, there oday rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."such as crimes, wars, drag abuse, unemployment and so on, actually need to be addressed by governme s, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for th nd heroines, no matter whether these characters are real persons or fictional ones, these stories se society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."r capability, personal interests and other factors. The remained few, however, by persistently pursu best use of it." 许多人知道如何获得成功，但很少人懂得充分利用成功；it指“success" 强调成功后如何利用 wide-sense.uccess furtherly. 3. Further success is related to how to make the use of other concerning resource. ps of people is through the use of images, not language."abstract language ( deep impression, straight presentation, etc. ) 2. when large groups of people a n if they have no interest in science." 1.Science as an important comment of modern education, all t istine not polluted surrounding to the posterity, and remain the last resident to the prosecuted and bjective things as brushes, canvas and museums to foster and propaganda their products. All of those t to make important discoveries."to try new things, while experienced experts tend to be more conservative. B. Furthermore, beginner s and ethics."e new way of communication brought about by electronic technology have transformed the way we associ Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is la ant to our daily lives." First of all, to study history is to look at a road map of human behavior t view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affe nding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present." A. Understanding the pag,t ca ur inclinations, or the dictates of our passions." A. On an individual level, we all engage in futil y. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better so idden ideas and impulses of a society." A. The art aim at depicting the feelings and attitudes of in A. Our life experience is that we make choices and decisions every day -on a continual basis. Common ch the right solution. B. Fearing making mistakes prevents us from trying new things and taking risk lasting value." a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc. Aan now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism w e the profits of their companies. B. Besides making as much money as possible, corporate executivesThey should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively." A. Skepticism, or cri a place where teachers and students get involved in a common pursuit for knowledge and truth.. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."what and how their own children learn-including choice of curriculum and text books, pace and sched ation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires." A. Everyday exp s are only tools of human minds." A. In terms of memory and computing as well as other technical ope o remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly a for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to meth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician." A. It will be impossible lways be complete honest to the public even doing so may cause detriment to himself.t before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways." A. Originality is especially expressed i e, art, technology, and education. Interpretation of this attribute varies for different people. I details may ' be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique pe ble, but more complex and more mysterious." A. The world in the eyes of primitive tribes was much si y conjured up without the benefit of data amounts to little more than the theorist's hope surmise an ul. They focus our attention on problems in ways that DO speaker or reformer ever could." A. On the ust serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world." A. In this p ies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."ny in today's world is to preserve cultural identity. B. Preserving cultural identity cannot be the terests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavi able." B. However, in order to restore peace and social order, individual states or the internationa d abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people." A. In a society where most peop ont arc more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is que to today's world, which are complex and challenging in ways unlike any problems that earlier soc her to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution-is all too oftentraditional written methods. Compared with written records, video documentation is much less influen deo record is limited in several aspects. We cannot say whether video camera or the written document le and helpful for a country in defending aggression and keeping safety.nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."o the responsibility of preserving a nation’s culture traditions. Indeed, in some major cities, whe down be generations.ent social problems."ther than for the value of the issue with regard to its counterpart in poor nations, there is always r. Such a global university asks for the support from all nations of the world.obey and resist unjust laws."power of government, which represents the public interest whereas run by a few individuals, it is q hat modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern develo ecords of a society’s past, and they serve more as travel attractions, city emblems. iii. Some old Besides, when people enjoy relative more leisure time brought by improved efficiency, on the same ti elligence which surpass the common cognition of general public and their peers.s have full free to express their ideas and show their unique talents and characters.e of what, when and to which extent we want to learn.With regard to the appealing traits and easygoi n for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree."serve as a good example that people could learn more by studying and reading on their own rather th ing university or college. While, many people still would like to learning by attending university o man needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."of the society.Indeed, the main reason that why non-mainstream area of inquiry is favored by a few p etter prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."nsable for a leader no matter what areas he/her belongs to. More specifically, cooperation is a kind skills, yet it cannot keep well-being without non-cognitive ones. Both crucial to individual and soc few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."from another aspect, they have to.academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."m the research and instruction work they should concentrate on 2. compulsory working in professions y of acclimation to future career 3. in order to cater individual needs and to enhance interests oftedly, there are entirely new problems that we have to cope with on our own without andressed by government as soon as possible since their existence extremely danger the normal living o hat are best for them."s, these stories serve as our primary enlightened materials that instill us virtues and values the spersistently pursuing their original aim, attain it in the end.Admittedly not every one has the opp " 强调成功后如何利用oncerning resource. 许多人知道如何获得成功，但很少人懂得充分利用“如何获得成功”it指how to attain su groups of people are addressed, language cannot achieve relatively even effect to all, while images rn education, all the student should be required to study it at some suitable level. 2. The skill of the prosecuted and protected animals. (2)for the economics’ sake, reserving the wildness can conseducts. All of those things need money. 2.the integrity of the arts requires the populace’s understarthermore, beginners are highly motivated and enthusiastic people who are eager to establish their c d the way we associate with each other in our daily lives. C. However, we should not let technology le's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making." A. Organizational management of human behavior that has led us to where we are today in the world. For example, the lessons learn he issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings - trials, debates, meeti anding the pag,t can show us inspirational examples of success. B. Studying history can also help us all engage in futile attempts to alter facts-by pretending that certain things are not the way they g about a better society." A. Consider first the speaker's assertion that society's destiny depends and attitudes of individuals in a society. B. Paintings and music mist vividly embody the spirits an inual basis. Common sense tells us that humans have free will, and therefore the true absence of cho ngs and taking risks. C. The right attitude toward mistakes is not to avoid them, but to learn from , paintings, etc. A. critics can help us understand and interpret art; a critic who is familiar witha result, tourism will soon become obsolete." A. As for the claim that television will render touris rporate executives should be aware of businesses’ social responsibilities. C. Taking some social re Skepticism, or critical thinking, helps us uncover bias and prejudice and distinguish between opini e and truth.oks, pace and schedule for learning, and the extent to which their child should learn alongside othe s." A. Everyday experience inform us that different people have different opinion when they observe other technical operations, computers can do much better than human beings. B. In terms of creation, er who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little." A. In is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished." A. Media viewers, readers and listenwill be impossible for an effective political leader to maintain his or her good figure while be co ecially expressed in the ability to make connections, to make associations, to turn things around an ifferent people. In my opinion, originality means both (1) thinking something that was never though prise and unique perception of an individual." A. With respect to business innovation, I agree that tribes was much simpler and thus more ‘comprehensible’ in a sense and certainly more backward. B. t's hope surmise and desire-what he or she want to be true or suppose to be true. B. The theorist wi could." A. On the one hand, scandals can sometimes serve to call our attention to pervasive social orld." A. In this practical age, practicality has indeed become a great idol in every field of our l tity cannot be the mere purpose of ritual and ceremony. In fact, isolated cultures that do not need pearance and behavior of its people." A. People of different countries dress differently: the French or the international community has repeatedly used force in history. C. We should be alert to the po xcel in their areas of ability. Otherwise. these talents arc likely to remain undeveloped." A. Unles ety where most people are poorly educated or even uneducated, art is a luxury that most people eithe s. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience."ms that earlier societies ever faced. The increasing interdependence-political, military, economic a on-is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force." A. Relationship between spouses andless influenced by the one who took record and the one who interprete it. Another conshe written document is more important than the other in that each one has its irreplaceable merits ae major cities, where have less culture traditions, it creates a better environment for development ns, there is always a radical key lying beneath.ndividuals, it is quite possible that laws are constituted in the name of representing the majority ions, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so t ems. iii. Some old buildings which are of less value and in bad state can be removed for contemporar ncy, on the same time, society has encountered other problems, such as the problem of employment. Astraits and easygoing nature, television can help a lot in study.their own rather than pursuing a university or college degree.ending university or college, because the formal education system not only provide students a perfec favored by a few people is that it comforts people who worry about their destiny. Besides, non-main operation."operation is a kind of responsibility bestowed to one who wants to be a leader.individual and society, intellectual and non-intellectural skills, however, receive unfair attentioing in professions outside academic world may cause the college and university to lose their outstan hance interests of students, schools can offer some specifically designed programs to studentsut any precedents in history to refer to, but this does not prevent us from making rigthe normal living of public. However, it is misconception that governments can ignore the anticipate es and values the society cherishes commonly in which we are living.Merely imitating role models may ery one has the opportunity to get any high-profile award. There are many realistical limitations su t指how to attain success（成功过程方法） 1.Many people know how to attain success; But those who are o all, while images can be effective to average, or even those not quick at understanding 3. when it el. 2. The skill of science would be a stepping-stone to other subject. 3. The interest of science n wildness can conserve some of the race that it may perhaps porfitive in the use beyond nowadays our opulace’s understanding of them, without propaganda the proclaimed integrity merely a hollow husk. o establish their career and fame.not let technology to determine our ethics.zational management rests on the basic resumption that individuals should and can take their respect , the lessons learned during all of the past wars can make for more effective wartime leadership by als, debates, meetings, etc. - that are televised, the more society will benefit." One example of th ry can also help us avoid repeating mistakes C. The study of past is important because the relevant e not the way they are because they are inconsistent with our wishes or personal interests. B. Nor c 's destiny depends on how children are socialized. Socialization is only one factor influencing the body the spirits and character of a society. C. By reading literature, we get to know not only the e true absence of choice is very rare. The only possible exceptions -solitary imprisonment or a severe but to learn from them.ho is familiar with a particular artist and his or her works might have certain insights about those。
新gre作文题库：issue的提问规律讲解
新gre作文题库：issue的提问规律讲解gre写作考察考生的逻辑分析能力，写作部分是我们国人的一个薄弱环节，改革后的新gre考试题目要求更加具体，考察考生完成题目过程中是否融合批判性思维。
以下是小编为大家搜索综合整理有关新gre作文题库，issue的提问规律，希望能给大家在新gre作文题库写作方面带来帮助。
新gre作文题库：issue的提问规律讲解摘要：通过对改革后的立论文分析不难发现，在这149道题目中一共有六种提问方式。
让我们归纳总结一下他们的规律。
注：由于关于claim的问题方式有两次，笔者统一归纳总结成为一种方式，故图中展示的只有五种。
仔细关注下statement, recommendation, claim这三个单词，他们在某些方面具有程度递进的关系。
1. Statement: the expression in spoken or written words of something such as a fact, intention, or policy, or an instance of this.意为陈述某一事实，意图，政策。
重点在于陈述。
2. Recommendation: a suggestion as to what is a good or sensible thing to do or use in the circumstances意为合理的建议(比陈述事实更近了一步)3. Claim: maintain something is true: to say, without proof or evidence, that something is true 意为声明，即便在没有证据的情况下仍然坚持声称某事为真实的从以上的分析中不难看出这三种问法在操作形式上具有程度类比，其中第三种的程度语气更强。
让我们仔细分析一下例子1. Statement (以下是事实陈述的例子)i. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong andindependent individuals.ii. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.iii. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.iv. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.v. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.vi. In order for any work of art-for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.2. Recommendation(以下是建议的例子)i. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.ii. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.iii. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.iv. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.v. Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.vi. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.3. Claim(以下是因果声明类的例子)i. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something thathas an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.ii. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.iii. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.;;;Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.iv. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.;;;Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.v. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.;;;Reason: College students-like people in general-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.vi. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.除了个别试题中在提问用词中有混淆以外，绝大部分的提问符合此规律。
GRE高频Issue题库提纲
二十六次Issue13/46/70/102/112 (Old4+94) 教育(3)46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, des cribe specific circumstance s in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.1every subject does not exist independently对学好本学科有说明，因为知识在逻辑体系上是互通的，各个学科之间的相互交织。
研究经济学的适当学习数学知识有利于对经济学的更深理解，如philosophy is the foundation of all subject达芬奇Da Vinci即是科学家也是艺术家，他对人体解剖anatomy的深入了解，才使得他的油画十分优美，传神。
Since various disciplineswere interrelated, the study of courses outside the students’ own field may benefit the study oftheir own major.如：力学中的理论可用于美术；如：公共行政学生需要了解心理学、管理学、政治学的发展2 在全球化进程的今天，只学习某个专业内的知识已经不能满足需要了In today’s technologically advanced society it is impossible for those who focus their attention on the concerning fields to satisfy the needs for the future society.首先，广泛的学习各种知识能够拓宽视野。
GRE-Issue高频分类提纲
GRE ISSUE题目分类第二类行为类/教育类12"People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic."18.★“Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does o ne really discover the value of that idea.”只有通过被迫对某个观点的质疑进行反驳，并把它与其他观点进行比较/排除异己，人们才能真正理解那个观点的价值。
同意与异议。
科学的每次进步以及社会的每次进步几乎都是在质疑中进行的。
如，哈维William Harvey敢于质疑盖伦，使得医学又一次进步。
William Harvey (1 April 1578 – 3 June 1657) was an English physician who was the first in the Western world to describe correctly and in exact detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped around the body by the heart. 又如Vesalius维萨里, Michael Servetus塞尔维特是肺循环的发现人。
静脉血液只能朝着心脏方向运行的论证，成为生理学由蒙昧走向科学的例子。
只有当出现相反观点的时候我们才有动力去继续深入研究，同时也丰富了观察角度。
同时防止懒惰的思想统治思维，不再满足于对某一想象以往的单一认识。
新GREissue分类提纲-原创(未分类)
11-99People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.1.正：1.因为forces不得不做的。
比如说打工洗盘子的选择。
因为外界的压力。
2.因为forces才能完成，比如最开始自己决定要学习音乐，本来想中途放弃，但是父母不同意，所以才能积蓄完成。
2.反：1.当有选择的时候就是自己选择的，比如最简单的是中午吃什么。
，2，选择可能会受到forces的影响，但是不会决定。
比如职业和专业。
外力可能会影响，学校家庭。
但是不会决定。
79-146 Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.1.正：a。
当出现相反的观点的时候，人们为了捍卫自己的理念说服别人，所以他们不得不深入研究这些idea，探寻他的essential feature，不断完善弥补不足，这是外力带来的效果。
b如果都是相同的观点。
人的惰性使然会导致不想深入探索，认为自己的观点已经很完美。
这不利于自身的进步和观点的完善。
2.反：a。
不是唯一方法，还有很多方法可以发现价值。
比如说将理论运用到实践当中去.例子：，Newton’s laws of motion design machines, planes like poles repel each other ,magnetically levitated trains B。
GRE写作—ISSUE高频提纲整理
ISSUE高频话题：传统文化与现代化
传统文化与现代化之间存在着复杂的互动关系。现代化进程必然 会对传统文化产生影响，但同时也需要保留和传承传统文化的精 髓。如何平衡传统文化与现代化的关系，既能促进社会发展，又 能保持文化传承，是当代社会面临的重要课题。
在探讨传统文化与现代化的关系时，需要关注文化的多样性与包 容性。现代化并非要完全摒弃传统，而是要在传承中创新，在借 鉴中发展。
ISSUE高频话题：环境保护与经济发展
可持续发展
环境保护与经济发展并非相互矛盾，两者 可以相互促进。
生态保护
保护自然环境是可持续经济发展的基石， 我们要重视生态保护的长期效益。
绿色科技
发展绿色科技，可以有效减少环境污染， 促进经济绿色转型。
ISSUE高频话题：平等机会与 社会公正
平等机会和社会公正一直是人类社会关注的重要议题。GRE写作中经常出现探 讨这两者的关系。本节将探讨平等机会与社会公正的内涵，分析两者之间的 关系，并举例说明如何运用相关论证进行写作。
稳定的重要性
社会稳定是改革成功的基础，为改革创造 良好的外部环境。
改革与稳定的平衡
在改革过程中，要注重改革的力度和节奏 ，确保社会稳定，避免剧烈动荡。
总结与展望
GRE写作备考
通过对ISSUE写作高频话题的梳理，希望能帮助考生更有效率地备考，提高写作水平。
持续学习
写作能力的提升是一个持续积累的过程，建议考生定期阅读写作材料，练习写作。
用事实、数据、例子等佐证你的观点。
解释逻辑 3
解释你的论据如何支持你的观点。
每个论点都应该清晰地表达你的观点，并用充足的论据和逻辑解释来支撑。
如何引用例子论证
选择相关例子 1
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Issue 高频作文提纲,按频率排序，最前面是题号，并有题目类别标记。
1 是非判断类。
人类依赖科技所以自己思考的能力恶化。
观点:很大程度上承认观点（to a large extent I agree ）科技的确让人产生依赖性，变懒惰，但是只要合理利用（ensures the rational use）科技，科技反而能扩展人们的思维（intellection），提高创造力（ingenuity creativity）。
1 科技为人类生活提供了方便，减轻人类的负担。
a 计算机的普及，让计算方式和记忆方式发生了改变。
以前非常难的计算问题，如今只需要在计算器上按下按钮就能得到答案。
b 计算机推进了各个科学领域的发展，甚至成为研究工作必不可少的工具。
C 科技使得人类能便捷地查找到需要的信息，帮助人类扩展思维和认知。
2人类习惯了依赖科技解决问题，很多情况下造成独立思维的下降.a 依赖计算机的计算和存储功能，使得运算和记忆memory能力下降。
b 过度依赖计算机，习惯于求助计算机而造成懒于思考。
c 过度沉溺于overindulge 虚拟virtual世界，而忽视了真实世界的交流需要，造成交流能力减弱。
3 但是科技仍然利大于弊outweigh。
A 科技的确减退了人类某些方面的思维能力，但是主要是在计算量和搜索的能力，并不会影响人的独立思考的能力。
b 科技本身并没有错，只是人过度或者不当的使用了科技。
C 部分能力的下降相对于获得的实际利益来说是值得的。
结论：虽然科技一定程度上造成了人类思维的懒惰和恶化，但是我认为只要合理利用科技，弊端是可以避免的，相反地它能极大提供便利，扩展人类的思维。
4 敌方看法类。
丑闻有用观点：偏向肯定。
丑闻虽然有害处，但是只要避免不利，有益处。
1 丑闻有积极的意义。
A 大部分媒体press偏向于粉饰（gloss over, varnish）一些政府的失职dereliction of duty或阴谋conspiracy。
丑闻能够让人们了解真相。
2 由于丑闻的存在，人们能充当监督者supervisor，政客politician会更加谨慎，抑制不正当的行为injustice。
speakers 和reformers 通常不会发现自身错误，丑闻能警醒他们，修正自身的错误。
3 有些人会反对我(be opposed to，argue against, refute, disprove, defy)，因为丑闻有一些危害。
A 丑闻会导致社会的恐慌和不信任，不利于社会稳定。
B丑闻可能不是真实的，会误导大众。
C不真实的丑闻可能对无辜的人造成伤害。
但是我认为，即使丑闻有这些不利的方面，我们仍然不能够否定它的作用。
首先，丑闻的危害可以被消除。
如果增大社会透明度If increasing social transparency，公布publish更多的信息，使得大众接触到真相，不真实的丑闻就会被纠正。
其次，大众的判断力会随着经验累积accumulation而增长，对丑闻的真假会有更好的判断力。
因此，丑闻的弊端是可以被避免的，而好处却是可以造福社会的。
结论：总的来说，to sum up尽管丑闻的影响仍然需要讨论，但是其作用是明显的。
Although the impact of the scandal is still to be discussed, its role is still obvious.if proper measures are taken，弊端是可以很大程度上被避免的，而利益将造福bring benefit to我们。
62是非判断类。
领导者是由他们身上的需求创造的。
观点：中立。
领导者部分是由需求创造，但是也与领导者的实现自身的价值有关。
1.同意：领导者的地位的确是来自于被领导者的需求，因此他们应该对被领导者的需求负责。
领导者的地位的维持subsistence依赖于对群众需求的执行能力。
不能满足群众需求的政府会被推翻overthrow。
(American Revolutionary War)2 反对。
领导者的地位和自身的意志、才能还有家庭背景决定的。
3、交汇：情况多样：a、两者结合；b、缺乏标准，不能区分自身意志和外部需求；c、不同时代不一，如封建时代（feudal times）君主（sovereign，monarch）和民主时代（democratic times）结论：尽管领导地位（leadership）和需求的关系still remains largely unknown，简单说需求起决定作用（play a decisive role and lead to the creation of leaders）是不明智的。
要全面看待，才能更准确。
82，建议类，97敌方看法类。
讨论好坏的情况。
大学应该要求学生至少在国外学习一个学期。
观点：大学要求学生至少在国外学习一个学期利大于弊。
1.大学生能出国一段时间可以开阔学生的眼界broaden horizon，丰富学生的知识面。
感受不同的教育方式和思维方式，通过与国外学生学习方式的对比，发现自己的不足，从而更好地学习。
培养学生对不同学习环境的适应能力。
2.让大学生出国一个学期能培养学生的沟通能力communication skills和自主生活能力foster the ability of living independence。
学生在陌生的环境下，与外国人沟通能力以及独立解决问题的能力得到了充分的锻炼。
3.但是去国外留学也有弊端disadvantage。
a出国留学费用cost a lot不菲，很多普通或者贫困家庭poor family的孩子可能无法支付afford. b 出国时间很短，很难真正锻炼到学生的能力enhance ability或者学到有用的知识。
C 出国留学也可能对学生的人身安全personal security造成一定的风险。
但是我认为，这些弊端可以通过一些手段有效的避免。
如可以建议学校和政府提供相应的补贴，为国外学习的学期制定详细的计划以及加强学生的安全管理security administration。
结论：总的来说，我认为虽然学校要求学生出国有一定的弊端，但是这些不利的方面可以通过采取措施有效的避免take effective measures，而学生得到的好处是显而易见的conspicuous。
91是非判断类。
科技进步的主要目的应该是提高人们的效率从而人们有更多的空闲时间。
观点：中立。
1.正：a 科技让人们能够从一些枯燥重复的劳动a mindless and repetitive task 中解放出来。
b 科技能帮助人们有效的沟通和查找资料，因此能够大大缩短curtail 做一件事所需要的时间，让人们有更多空闲时间。
2.反。
a 科技虽然提高了效率，但是同时也增加了任务量，空闲时间反而减少了。
B 科技进步的主要目的不一定是提高效率。
C 科技进步不一定带来效率的提高。
发达的网络充满了海量信息Massive information，使人无法集中注意力，同时增加了辨别的难度。
3.科技进步的目的很多，很难说那种是主要的。
A 科技在某些方面可以提高人的效率，例如计算器减少了计算量，机器代替人类做生产工作。
B但是科技的主要目的是很难判定的，不是所有的科技进步都能带来效率的提高。
例如科技的目的也有提高人们的生活质量和健康水平，或者是娱乐方式的改变。
互联网购物、医疗服务还有游戏及视频等等。
结论：科技进步的主要目的还需要进一步讨论，但不可否认在某些情况下 under some circumstances科技的确能够提高人的效率让人有更多的空闲时间。
但是说提高效率和增加闲暇时间是主要目的是不明智的imprudent。
108 是非判断类。
批判在任何领域都是没有什么价值的，除非来自于该领域专家。
论点：否定。
尽管专家（specialist; expert; proficient; mavin; savant）的意见具有参考性，但是普通人或者其他领域的人的批判也价值。
1.承认。
A 专家具有这个领域系统的知识，往往能给出比较具有参考性的意见。
例如生物biology化学chemistry医学medicine。
B 普通人normal ordinary和圈外人outsiders insiders很难掌握批判方法，给出的批判往往很难产生影响。
2.否定。
专家的意见不一定有价值。
A 专家的意见往往保守conservative。
B专家的思维被训练过，比较单一，很难从新的方向发现问题。
C不同专家的意见可能也不一致，不一定所有的批判都是有价值的。
3.否定。
普通人的意见也有价值。
A有些领域不一定要具有专业的知识才能够评判。
例如一本小说的价值读者可以评判，但是读者不需要成为小说家fictionist，novelist。
B普通人的评判往往可以让内行人从新的角度发现问题。
例如一个软件往往需要用户给予意见以改正自己的不足；餐厅也需要普通食客的意见。
结论：尽管专家的意见在某些特定的领域special/specificfields 具有很大的价值，但是说不是专家的意见就没有什么价值是不明智的。
在很多领域，非专家non-experts的意见能够帮助发现该领域的问题，促进发展。
38 是非。
我们主要是通过社会群体的认知来定义自己。
观点：大部分同意。
1.正。
A 人是具有社会性的sociality，这是人的本质属性。
B 不同的人属于不同的群体，群体的成员具有类似的属性。
C通过社会群体的属性往往更加容易辨认，能客观objectively反映自己的特征personality。
2.反。
A 评价的标准很多，不能主要通过社会群体的身份来认知自己。
B 所处的群体可能和自身有出入。
C 群体的特征只能反映个人的一些方面，不能反映全部。
3.很难评价。
A 人在不同的时期社会群体可能不同甚至完全相反。
素食者Vegetarian-肉食者Meat Lovers的改变，因此不准确。
B 非社会群体的方式也可以认知自己。
例如通过书上的知识、专业人士professionals的评断以及自我审视self-examination的方式。
因此很难说主要通过社会群体定义自己。
结论：尽管人是否主要通过社会群体的认知定义自己很难确定，但是在很多情况下社会群体能帮助我们认识自己。
但是我们也不应该忽略其他定义自己的方式。
46 建议类。
分析利弊。
学校应该要求每个学生学习多种课程除了本专业外。
总论点：偏肯定，但是也有些不利的方面需要避免。
1.有利。
学校要求学生学习多种课程有利于学生多方面发展。
A 大学本专业的课程对于大部分同学来说是可以应对的，因此可以有余力去学习其他课程。
B学习多种课程有利于大学生积累更多的知识，开阔学生的眼界broaden horizons。