研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷
最新大学考试复习资料-研究生英语学位考试模拟题一
研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(一)II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16. The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from.a frighteningb generalc loud d indistinct17. The clerk had to break off the conversation in order to await on a customer.a interruptb hurryc continued begin18. The new tax law is explicit; that type of certificate is tax exempt.a definiteb deficientc harshd imprecise19.Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team.a envyb respectc trustd pursue20. His winning the award was the highest attainment of his career.a desireb spectaclec achievementd joy21. He was able to mend the cup and saucer.a washb repairc decorated mold22. It is ridiculous to become angry with such an insignificant matter.a sinfulb tragicc absurd d unpardonable23. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard for miles.a shoutedb cheeredc grewd scattered24. The flowers will wither in a few hours.a blossomb dry upc opend revive25. The automobile's exhaust system gave off foul smelling fumes.a attractedb neutralizedc emitted d condensedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Unless all staff members agree to _____ to the plan, there may be further changes in the course of action.a inferb preferc adhered assure27. It is hard to reconcile his splendid speech _____ his actual behavior.a tob withc ond from28. Advertisements may arouse a strong wish for something; how the need is filled will probably be ______ theindividual.a on tob up toc as tod down to29. ______ I like very much to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students' papers and theses.a As far asb So farc Much asd In so far as30. We all argued with him not to sign the contract with that company, but _____.a to no purposeb to good purposec on the spotd in good shape31. Plato's teachings had a profound _____ on Aristotle.a effectb affectc affectationd take32. The professor tried to _____ interest in archaeology by taking his students on expedition.a encourageb stimulatec diminishd take33. He is among those lucky Chinese students who have won_____ to first -rate U.S. universities.a permissionb professionc admittanced admission34. Probability is the mathematical study of the_____ of an event's occurrence.a likelihoodb desirabilityc predictabilityd malleability35. Under the director-responsibility system, the party secretary's task is to fully support the director in his work and ______ the Party's policies are observed and State quota met.a to see tob see to itc see to it thatd to see to itIII. Close Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.A democratic country is obliged to give some thought to the question of who is allowed to vote. In Britain, the ..36.. is extended to all people over the age of twenty-one with some exceptions. ..37.. attaining this age, men and women acquire all kinds of responsibilities from ..38.. younger people are free. In times of National Emergency, however, the ..39.. age at which a young man may be called ..40.. to bear arms is eighteen. ..41.. it should not be surprising that some people argue that if a young man is old enough to die for his country, he is old enough to have a voice in his ..42.. . At first sight, this argument may appear formidable. Before we demand that changes ..43.. in the existing law, however, we must ask ourselves whether we ..44.. have not fallen victims of a logical fallacy. What qualities are needed in a soldier? He must, ..45.., be physically fit, some branches of the service will make intensive ..46.. upon his agility and powers of physical endurance. He should be courageous, resourceful and alert. he should understand and ..47.. discipline and be ..48.., on occasion, to obey an order not because he understands or approves of it, but because it is order. What qualities, on the other hand, must we at least hope to find in a voter?最新大学考试必备复习资料The ability to reason must be placed high on the list. If a man is easily taken ..49.. by emotional traps, he will not be able to make ..50..judgments. His experience of life must surely be fairly extensive before we can place such power in his hands.36. a privilege b ability c chance d duty37. a On b Before c After d At38. a those b them c which d that39. a best b maximum c minimum d possible40. a up b upon c in d out41.a However b Moreover c Nevertheless d Therefore42.a business b affairs c matters d things43. a should make b are made c will be made d be made44. a must b can c may d ought to45.a obviously b apparently c seemingly d matter-of-fact46.a requirements b expectations c commands d demands47.a approve of b take c receive d accept48.a willing b ready c likely d easy49.a after b over c in d up50.a sensitive b sensible c sentimental d sensationalIV. Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Direction: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on y Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The struggle for health and safety standards for industrial workers has produced an interesting and some what unexpected controversy; some workers do not want obligatory protection, particularly if it means that they will not be allowed to do certain kinds of jobs. For example, a number of industries are refusing to let women work in certain areas because of possible danger of their children they should become pregnant. Many women feel that this is discriminatory and that they should be allowed to decide for themselves if a particular job poses a risk. They argue, in particular, that such regulations are unfair because (1) many of the women workers, whether single or married, do not intend to have children, and (2) many are beyond childbearing age. Management spokesmen, on the other hand, say that they do not want to be responsible for the possible impairment of a child and that they will fight to comply with the health and safety standards which have been recommended for the protection of women.51. A controversy has arisen because of rules _____.a for scientists to deal with Health Protectionb that astronauts must find new materials to work withc about where women can workd concerning families that work52. Many women think obligatory protection ______.a is discriminatory towards themb causes a risk to unborn childrenc is hazardous to their healthd won't make a difference to them53. Taking health and safety precautions is _______.a up to the workersb the responsibility of managementc the women's' problemd mostly not needed54. Some industries refuse to let women work in certain area ____.a because they could make too much moneyb so they won't be injuredc so their families won't have problemsd because of possible danger to an unborn childPassage 2We knew Sylvia and Jack had had problems with their flat, but he had not been told the details. Not until they came for a weekend in September. At dinner on the Friday evening, Kitty said, "You wrote that the flat wasn't quite what you expected. We imagined the worst, like horrid neighbors or rising damp. Of course, it could be just too small. You're sharing with another couple, aren't you?" "We're sharing, Mother," Slvia replied. "It really wasn't necessary," Jack explained proudly. "I've had a substantial rise, and we can easily manage. It's much better to be independent." "Oh ," I agreed. "What was the trouble?" Kitty asked, impatient and unwilling to let go. "Nothing much," Sylvia said. "The flat's fine. It was the other couple, Sally and Tom Ford. You've never seen such an untidy pair. We shared the sitting-room and the kitchen and the bathroom and got fed up with the mess of it all." "And what make it worse," Jack put in, "was that they accused us of the same sort of thing. Tom and I nearly came to blows when he locked up some of their wedding presents we were all using, as they used ours, naturally." "You take a chance when you make a sharing arrangement," Kitty said, "unless you've known the other people a along time. Were they always disorganized like that, or did it start suddenly? Something might have upset the girl." "I knew h for thee s at college, Mother. She seemed all right then, I had the shock of my life when I saw how she and Tom lived." "I never realized you were so particular, my dear," Kitty said with a smile. "I am, in my own flat," Sylvia said. "Sally and Tom left a month ago." "We could he left instead," Jack said. "But why should we? After all, the flat was in our names, not theirs. We were glad to see the back of them."55. What did Kitty hope to do the weekend in September?a Look for a large flat for Sylvia.b Get to know the neighbors better.c Find out what went wrong in Sylvia's flat.d Do something to cure the dampness of Sylvia's flat.56. When Sylvia said they "were sharing" (Para. 3), she meant that _____.a they had never agreed about sharingb They had shared and were still sharingc they intended to share in the futured They were no longer sharing57. Jack was pleased to announce that _______.a he was now earning a higher salaryb they would soon move to a much better flatc they rent of the flat had just been reducedd they had paid off all their debts58. According to Sylvia, what was wrong with the other couple?a They were nervous and over-anxious to please.b They caused a lot of trouble over nothing.c They were too disorderly to live with.最新大学考试必备复习资料d They were falsely accused of being dirty.59. When Tom locked up the presents, ______.a Jack smashed some of the thingsb he and Jack almost started to fightc he took a few that belonged to Sylvia and Jackd Jack decided to break the lock60. What was Jack's opinion about leaving the flat?a He would have given it up, but Sylvia disagreed.b He thought they would have to clean it up before leaving.c He wanted to live there but did not have an agreement.d He was not willing to give it up.Passage 3As everyone knows, words constantly take on new meanings. Since these do not necessarily, nor even usually, take the place of the old ones, we should picture this process as the analogy of a tree throwing out new branches which themselves throw out subordinate branches. The new branches sometimes overshadow and kill the old ones but by no means always. We shall again and again find the earliest senses of a word flourishing for centuries despite a vast overgrowth of later senses which might be expected to kill them.When a word has several meanings, historical circumstances often make one of them dominant during a particular period. Thus "station" is now more likely to mean a railway-station than anything else; "speculation" more likely to bear its financial sense than any other. Until this century "plane" had as its dominant meaning "a flat surface" or "a carpenter's tool to make a surface smooth", but the meaning "an airplane" is dominant now. The dominant sense of a word lies uppermost in our minds. Whenever we meet the word, our natural impulse is to give it that sense. We are often deceived. In an old author the word many mean something different.One of my aims is to make the reading of old books easy as far as certain words are concerned. If we read an old poem with insufficient regard for the change of the dictionary meanings of words we won't be able to understand the poem the old author intended. And to avoid this, knowledge is necessary. We see good words or good senses of words losing their edge or more rarely getting a new edge that serves some different purpose. "Verbicide, "the murder of a word, happens in many ways. Inflation is the commonest: those who taught us to say "awfully" for "very", "tremendous" for "great", and "unthinkable" for "undesirable" were verbicides. I should be glad if I sent any reader away with a sense of responsibility to the language. It is unnecessary to think we can do nothing about it. Our conversation will have little effect, but if we get into print perhaps especially if we are leader-writers or reporters -- we can help to strengthen or weaken some disastrous words, can encourage a good and resist a bad Americanism. For many things the press prints today will be taken up by a great mass of people in few years.61. In the first paragraph author believes _____.a only old words take on new meaningsb a tree throws out new branches as the words pick up new meanings.c works obtain new meanings from time to time.d it is possible for the old words to lose their old senses62. By mentioning the tree throwing out new branches, the author hopes to ____.a stress the natural phenomenab picture the process of growth of new branchesc explain what the analogy isd illustrate his view in a clearer way63. In the author's opinion, the earliest senses of a word _______.a are always overshadowed and discarded by the later sensesb still thrived for several hundred years in spite of an overgrowth of later sensesc might be expected to be killed soond would overgrow the later senses64. The dominant meaning of a word is often determined by ______.a historical circumstancesb a particular periodc our mindsd our natural impulse65. We are often cheated by some words because ______.a their dominant meanings have not been determinedb sometimes they mean something different from their dominant meaningsc our natural impulse makes a mistaked the dominant sense of a word is not accurate in our minds66. In the author's view, if someone taught us to say "awfully" for "very" _______.a we were advised not to accept itb we were getting a new edge for different purposec we saw an example of a good word being misusedd we saw a word serving for different purpose67. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that ______.a we can do nothing about it unless we get into printb we should take responsibility to the language if necessaryc our conversation has little effect on the situation because we haven't got into printd a great mass of people will accept what the press prints so that we can encourage good and resist the badPassage 4If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 per cent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by surfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest of swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture. Taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown, more numerous, and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during hundred years. Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place we have to examine the greater part of Europe's 3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still. In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically -- and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from最新大学考试必备复习资料lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it.68. By 1350, as compared with three hundred years earlier, Europeans had, according to the passage, _______ .a made several geographical discoveriesb cut down more trees and expanded the farmingc made their territory largerd dug more canals to water the land69. Expansion in Europe between 1350 and 1450 ______.a was less than in the three hundred years up to 1350.b was considerablec continued at roughly the same rate as befored was more than that from 1000 to 135070. It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period under consideration, because the inhabitants _______.a often did not fit the conformity of their societyb sometimes changed their system of lifec move around too much to study properlyd left no documents71. The owners of large estates tended to _____.a leave their land and settle into he townb treat their tenants badlyc write down information about their landsd work on the land by themselves72. Some landlords make agreements comparatively favorable to farmers because they wanted them to ______.a pay more rentb farm new landc be feudalizedd work harder73. By 1450 people in general had become, by comparison with earlier times, _________.a richerb poorerc more turbulentd more feudalizedPassage 5Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that, as the family therapist Virginis Satir observes, "every person has the right to fail." Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child's hastily made table as "Perfect!" even though it wobbles on uneven legs. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair of stupid. When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money for charity by holding a carnival. Proud of her, we rashly allowed her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she couldn't possibly handle all the refreshments, shows, and games promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent embarrassing failure -- and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her from discovering her limitations. The troublewith failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child who's not invited to a birthday party, who doesn't make the honor roll or the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, "It doesn't matter" because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment -- and then be helped to master it.Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask "Why did I fail?" Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about inquiring. When I was a teenager, I failed to get a job I'd counted on. I telephoned the interviewer to ask why. "Because you came ten minutes late. "I was told, "We can't afford employees who waste other people's time." The explanation was reassuring (I hadn't been rejected as a person) and helpful, too. I don't think I've been late for anything since.Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of studying ballet a friend of mine auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. "Would further training help?" she asked. The ballet master shook his head. "You will never be a dancer," he said, "You haven't the body for it."In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking "What have I left? What else can I do?" My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she's both competent and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less of lose. Often there's a resurgence of energy -- an awareness of new possibilities.74. Which of the following would be the best title for this selection?a Teaching Your Child to Succeedb Learning from Failurec How to Be Successfuld Why We Are So Afraid of Failure75. Which sentence best expresses the central point of the selection?a Success can come only after many failures.b no one can succeed all the time.c Everyone appreciates a good loser.d use every failure as an opportunity for growth and improvement.76. According tot he passage _______.a parents need to help their children avoid failureb parents should help their children discover their limitationsc parents should be aware of their children's limitationsd parents should tell their children about their limitations77. Many people are afraid of failure because ______.a they have not been taught to view it as a learning experienceb our society does not tolerate failurec they do not have what it takes to succeedd it is the ultimate fear that human beings have78. The author implies that we can learn from our failures _____.a more than from our successesb once we ask ourselves why we did wrong最新大学考试必备复习资料c and never fail againd but not from the failures of others79. The author implies that success ______ .a prepares us for life in the real worldb provides us with much more freedom than failure doesc is all that really mattersd doesn't encourage new thinking80. The author implies that failure _________.a almost always leads to more failureb provides an opportunity to try new experiencesc make us afraid to take risksd hurts children more than adultsV. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A(20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.The aim of science is to describe the world in orderly language, in such a way that we can, if possible, foresee the results of those alternative causes of action between which we are always choosing. The kind of order which our description has is entirely one of convenience. Our purpose is always to predict. Of course, it is most convenient if we can find an order by cause and effect; it makes our choice simple; but it is not essential. There is of course nothing sacred about the causal form of natural law. We are accustomed to this form, until it has become our standard of what every natural law ought to look like.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.全世界科学家与科学机构日益趋向于更为密切合作. 这是因为当前研究工作愈来愈复杂, 研究范围也愈来愈广, 因此产生了雇佣大批科技人员进行研究方案的大规模组织.这就必然导致许多科研工程的开展超越了国界.VI. Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Write a composition of no less than 120 words on the following topic. Use the proper space on Answer Sheet II.Topic: State Schools in ChinaThere are all kinds of schools in China. Give a general classification and description of themII. Vocabulary (0.5 point each)Section ASection BIII. Cloze test (1 point each)IV. Reading comprehension (1 point each)Paper Two科学的宗旨是用有条理的语言来描述世界, 通过这种描述, 使我们在可能条件下, 能预测出我们往往要从中作出抉择的那些行为过程的结果. 我们描述事物时所遵循的条理性, 完全是从方便考虑. 我们的目的的总是为了预测. 当然, 如果我们能找到一种按因果关系排列的条理性, 那就最为方便了, 它使我们的抉择变得简单, 但这并不是绝对必要的.自然定律的因果形式当然没有什么神圣的地方.我们习惯于这种形式, 它已成为我们认识每一自然定律的标准.There has been an increasing trend twoeards closer cooperations between scientists and scientific institutions all over the world. The main reason is the growing complextity and widening scope of present-day research. Which has resulted in the creation of large organizations employing great numbers of scientists and technologists in programmes of research. This has inevitably led to the extension of many items of research beyond national boundaries.。
在职人员申请硕士研究生学位英语模拟试题5-6
13.在职人员申请硕士研究生学位英语模拟试题[5]Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section ADirections:In each item, choose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16.All the people in the United States want tougher gun-controllegislation .A.parliamentwC.banD.order17.He had an aptitude for painting when he just began his middle school.A.a latitudeB.an interestC.a talentD.an ambition18.City police Sunday arrested former Mayor Richard Weekly on a longlist of bribery, official misconduct, fraud and corruption charges.A.deceitB.murderC.privilegeD.accident19.Excellence in serving the retail customers is the only pathway tosuccess in the increasing competitive retailing industry.A.rigorousB.rigidC.seriousD.rival20.They all think that the prices of personal computers will soonplunge .A.leapB.dipC.sinkD.fall21.It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family structure,though regrettable, are impossible to reverse.A.strikingB.emotionalC.horribleD.sensational22.Behind the mask we may discern traits of craftiness (狡猾，诡计多端) in his business dealings.A.acknowledgeB.evaluateC.recognizeD.resemble23.Capital punishment was abolished some years ago in some states ofthe U S.A.decoratedB.createdC.improvedD.eliminated24.The inquiry concerning the accident was handled by the chief ofpolice.A.gossipB.investigationC.requirementD.record25.In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color of objects thatarouses the bull.A.confusesB.excitesC.scaresD.divergesSection BDirections:In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.26.John found a lost dog on the street and _____ the local station tobroadcast a poignant (令人动情的) appeal for the dog's owner to come forward.rmedB.remindedC.notifiedD.startled27.The newly-elected president is determined to _____ the establishedpolicy of developing agriculture.A.go afterB.go byC.go forD.go on28.Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable _____ to thetotal cost of the product.A.connectionB.correspondenceC.correlationD.proportion29.Although I tried to concentrate on my homework I was _____ by thenoise from the next door.A.interferedB.disturbedC.distractedD.interrupted30.The heavy rain brought the _____ to a halt and everybody went home.A.procedureB.prosecutionC.prosperityD.procession.31.They brought togerther a group of objects drawn from various partsof the museum to _____ the whole lifestyle of a region or ahistorical period.A.representB.repealC.describeD.present32.Vice-President Johnson became President of the United Statesfollowing the death of John F.Kennedy and was _____ elected to a full term in 1964.A.obviouslyB.subsequentlyC.simultaneouslyD.randomly33.Ms.Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seemsto be _____ with everyone who come to the store.A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted34.This book had made a great _____ on literature and art.A.implicationB.impressC.impactD.impulse35.We shall go ahead, _____ to your approval.A.dependentB.conditionalC.customaryD.subjectPart III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 points)Directions:There are 6 passages in this part． Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．Questions 36～40 are based on the following passage．It is an everyday observation that animals are born,grow,and mature then begin to lose some of their capabilities, and finally die． This loss of capabilities is progressive, irreversible(不可改变的) ,and common for all members of a species and is called aging．In humans it shows in many ways,some very visible:decline in height,shrinkage of muscle, thinning and graying of hair, and wrinkling of skin．Internally, and even more significantly, there is the progressive loss of cells in the brain, kidneys, and other vital organs．This cell loss has resulted in stoppage of a vital process． Whatever the reason,important tissues ranging from the muscles to the brain shrink and become less competent with age．Many of these changes are reflected in functional declines．Not only do nerve cells at levels from the brain to the spinal cord diminish, but also those that remain conduct impulses at a slower rate so that the reaction time of the older animal is slowed．Memory often shows a decline．Another widespread decline is in the loss of cells involved in thehearing process．The loss is most marked for high pitches and may require the assistance of a battery-operated hearing aid．More subtle are such declines as those in the processes involved with being immune to disease, which result in a lessened ability of the older organism to cope with infection．Indeed,pneumonia(肺炎) is one of the most common causes of death among the elderly population of most nations．Mixed with true aging processes are disease processes that may be so common as to be mistaken for aging．For instance, the buildup of deposits of fatty materials in arteries (动脉) tends to be progressive with aging; everything else being equal,the narrowing of arteries results in such serious illnesses as stroke or heart attack,occurring with increasing frequency as an individual ages．It is now recognized that atherosclerosis (动脉硬化) is the result of many factors,not only genetic but also environmental high blood pressure,high saturated-fat diets,and smoking, the effects of which become more obvious with the passage of time ．It is therefore an age related,but not a universal aging process and can thus usually be controlled．36.As far as aging is concerned, _____ ．A.the changes inside human body are more important than externalchangesB.the loss of competence is more significant than that of cellsC.the shrinkage of muscles is more significant than the decline inheightD.the thinning of hair is less important than the wrinkling of skin37.Which of the following is a functional decline?A.The reduction in brain nerve cells．B.The decline in memory．C.The loss of cells in hearing process.D.The shrinkage in muscle tissue.38.Pneumonia is closely related to _____ ．A.the decline in cells of the spinal chordB.the slower rate of reactionC.the decline in the immune systemD.the loss of cells in kidneys39.It is agreed that a person is more likely to suffer fromatherosclerosis _____ ．A.as he becomes olderB.if his immune system does not work properlyC.when the cells of his brain and spinal chord declineD.when the cells in his kidneys decline in number40.Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is NOT true?A.If a parent suffers from it, it is most likely that the child alsodoes．B.If a person has high blood pressure, he is more likely tocontract(患)it．C.If a person smokes,he is most likely to contract it．D.If the environmental factors are properly controlled,it will beprevented．Questions 41～45 are based on the following passage．A report of a “shooting” created a major stir and a minor mystery yesterday afternoon when police cars and emergency vehicles gathered on the 1000 block of Anta Barbara Street．After questioning numerous witnesses,officers reconstructed this chain of events,according to Sergeant Nick Katzenstein．About 2 p．m. an elderly man was walking along the sidewalk when he came upon three young women sitting on a wall next to a market． One of the women-boyish looking with short hair-was showing the others something that looked like a puncture mark on her upper arm．The man said,“are you all right?”but got no answer．So he continued on until he met a woman friend and told her that a boy near the market was getting a shot． The woman misunderstood．She telephoned police and reported that a boy was being shot．That brought several officers in police cars, firemen in a rescue truck and doctors in an ambulance with siren blaring to the scene．Officers couldn t find either a victim or the woman who had reported the shooting．They questioned the three young women sitting on the wall． An auto had backfired (回火) in the parking lot,one of the threerecalled ．Perhaps that was the “shot”．Several other people were questioned,but none could shed light on the shooting．Finally officers found the woman who had made the report． She directed them to the “boy” on the wall, who then recalled having showed her friends a newly received “shot” (注射) on her arm as the elderly man was walking past．41.The “shooting” reported yesterday _____ ．A.went unnoticedB.caused great troubleC.attracted public attentionD.caused great tension42.Why did the man ask the “boy”:“Are you all right?”A.Because the “boy” told the other two girls that she was shoton the arm．B.Because he saw the “boy” looked pale when he went past．C.Because he heard a shot and saw a mark on the “boy's” arm．D.Because the “boy” showed him a puncture mark on her arm．43.When the police asked other people on the scene, _____ ．A.they remembered there was a backfire from a carB.they said they did not remember any shotC.they told the police to ask the three girlsD.they remembered the old man had said something44.It turned out what was considered as a shot was _____ ．A.fired by a gun in the parking lotB.a story made up by the old manC.a story made up by the womanD.a loud sound given out by a car45.The passage is _____ ．A.a news reportB.an newspaper commentaryC.an essayD.a humorous storyQuestions 46～50 are based on the following passage．The 15th and 16th centuries were a period of radicalsocial,political,and intellectual developments． The explorations of the world; the Reformation, with its emphasis on individual faith; the rise of commercial urban society; and the dramatic appearance of new ideas in all areas of culture stimulated the development of a new philosophical world view． The medieval view of the world as a hierarchical (层次的) order of beings created and governed by God was replaced by the mechanistic picture of the world as a vast machine, the parts of which move according to strict physical laws, without purpose or will． The aim of human life was no longer looked on as preparation for salvation (拯救) in the next world, but rather as the satisfaction of people's naturaldesires． Political organizations and moral principles ceased to be regarded as reflections of God's command and came to be seen as practical devices created by humans． In this new philosophical view, experience and reason became the sole standards of truth．The first great spokesman for the new philosophy was the English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon, who attacked reliance on authority and verbal argument and criticized Aristotlian (亚里士多德的) logic as useless for the discovery of new laws． Bacon called for a new scientific method based on inductive generalization from careful observation and experiment． He was the first to formulate rules of inductive inference．The work of Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo was of evengreater importance in the development of a new world view． Galileo brought attention to the importance of applying mathematics to the formulation of scientific laws． This he accomplished by creating the science of mechanics, which applied the principles of geometry to the motions of bodies． The success of mechanics in discovering reliable and useful laws of nature suggested to Galileo and to later scientists that all nature is designed according to mechanical laws．46.The new philosophical world view was that _____ ．A.the world was hierarchical with man at the bottomB.the world was a hierarchical order of beings created and governedby GodC.the world was built on strict mechanical physical lawsD.the world was a giant machine which man was unwilling to build47.Before the 15th and 16th century, moral principles _____ ．A.were stricter than lawsB.were looked on as God's ordersC.were seen as practical devicesD.were regarded as people's natural desires48.What was the first step in the new philosophy?A.Inference．B.Generalization．C.Authority and verbal argument．D.Observation and experiment．49.According to the new philosophy, truth should be judged by _____ ．A.moral standardsB.its practicalityC.experience and reasonD.all of the above50.Galileo _____ ．A.brought people's attention to mathematicsB.was the greatest contributor to the new world viewC.formulated reliable and useful laws of natureD.applied geometry to the motions of starsQuestions 51～55 are based on the following passage．The first contests resembling the World Series were held during the 1880s, when the leading baseball clubs of the two major leagues-the National League and the American Association-agreed to play in exhibition games following their regular seasons．The name “World Championship Series” arose during this period,when promoters and journalists soughtto arouse interest among fans．These championship series were often unsuccessful,marked by disorganization,weak fan support,and disputes among baseball clubs．The series was not held every year and ended completely after the 1891 season, when the American Association broke up． The American League was founded in 1901 and became the chief competitor of the National League．The first World Series was held in 1903,when Barney Dreyfuss,owner of the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates,challenged Henry Killilea,owner of the AL champion Boston Pilgrims,to a best of nine game series．The first game was played in Boston , Massachusetts,on October 1,before a crowd of more than 16000 fans．The 1903 World Series was a tremendous success．Thousands of fans attended every game,traveling by train between the two cities, and the players responded with exciting performances．The following year, however,the series was not held．In 1904 the Boston Pilgrims were scheduled to play the New York Giants．But Giants owner John T.Brush and manager John J.McGraw had quarreled repeatedly with the founder and president of the American League, Ban Johnson．As a result, the Giants refused to play． Public criticism was so great that the Giants, who were again NL champions the next year,agreed to play the AL champion Philadelphia Athletics in the 1905 World Series．The two leagues created an agreement that became the foundation for modern World Series competition．The Giants won the series in five games．The most famous World Series in history took place in 1919,when the Cincinnati Reds beat the Chicago White Sox in eight games．The following year,seven White Sox players were accused of fixing,or intentionally losing, the series in return for bribes from professional gamblers．The seven players were banned from baseball for life． Buck Weaver, who did not take a bribe,was banned because he knew of the fix and did not report it． The 1919 team became known as the Black Sox．51.The first World Series took place _____ ．A.in 1903B.in 1880sC.in 1919D.in 190552.Which of the following was NOT a factor that made the series in the1880s unsuccessful?A.The American League was not created yet then．B.Some clubs quarreled with each other．C.People did not show much interest in such series．D.The series were not well organized．53.Why was the 1904 Series not held?A.Because the Series was not exciting enough．B.Because both of the teams involved refused to play．C.Because one team involved disagreed about some matters．D.Because the two teams involved quarreled about the schedule ofthe Series54.The public was dissatisfied in 1904 and 1905 because _____ ．A.the World Series was not as well organized as expectedB.the Giants should be the champion of 1905C.the two leagues did not reach an agreement earlierD.the 1904 Series was not held because of personal disputes55.The public called the 1919 White Sox team Black Sox because _____ ．A.it lost the 1919 SeriesB.it took money from the opponent teamC.all its members were involved in briberyD.seven of its members took money from gamblersQuestions 56～60 are based on the following passage．Dog shows are divided into benched and unbenched events involving one or more breeds, groups, and classes of purebred dogs． At benched shows, before and after judging, the dogs are displayed to the public on benches or platforms set up in individual stalls． At unbenched shows the dogs are exhibited in judging rings and around the grounds of the event． In all dog shows, the breeds are divided into seven groups-sporting,hound, working, herding, terrier, toy, and nonsporting．The standards for judging the entries differ with eachbreed． Typical criteria include shape of head, placement of ears,color, gait, and texture of coat． Dogs entered in a particular class are taken into the judging ring by their owners or handlers．After the dogs have been gaited, or walked at different speeds, and examined by the judge, they are placed in classes． The dogs placed first in each of the classes compete for winners, who receive points toward their championship based on the number of dogs in their particular breed that have been in competition at the show． To become an official AKC show champion, a dog must accumulate 15 championship points under at least three different judges． Dogs that attain their championships are entitled to have the two letters “Ch”carried be fore their name．Following the judging of the winners,classes, dogs that already have won their championship compete, along with the winners for best of breed and best of opposite sex． Each best of breed competes in its respective group, and the dog placed first in each of the seven groups competes for the award “best in show ,”which is the final judging at any allbreed dog show．56.Benched events in dog shows _____ ．e benches during the performance of the dogsB.divide the participant dogs into different breedse platforms for dogs to jump on and off during performanceD.aim to place dogs into different groups57.To become an AKC show champion, a dog _____ ．A.has to win at least 45 championship pointsB.has to be placed first in each of the classesC.has to wear the proper kind of coat made by its ownerD.has to win 15 championship points under three different judges58.The letters “Ch”(the last sentence in paragraph 2) most probablystand for _____ ．A.championshipB.championC.challengerD.charm59.The last step in an allbreed dog show is _____ ．A.to hold the closing ceremonyB.to compete for the award “best in show”C.to compete for an official AKC show championD.to compete for getting a “Ch”before the dog s name60.What is the subject matter of the passage?A.Dog racing．B.Allbreed dog shows．C.Dogs as pets．D.Benched dog shows．Questions 61～65 are based on the following passage．On November 30 a Russian attack destroyed the Turkish fleet at the Black Sea port of Sinope, resulting in a public outcry in Britain and France．In March 1854, after Russia ignored their demand to retreated from Moldavia and Walachia, Britain and France declared war． They were later joined by the Italian kingdom of Sardinia who,needing help in their plans to drive out Austria from the smaller Italian kingdoms, hoped to gain favor with Great Britain and France． On June 3, Austria, to Russia's dismay, threatened to declare war unless Russia retreated its troops from Moldavia and Walachia． Russia complied on August 5,and Austrian troops occupied the territory．The allies then decided on a campaign against Sevastopol in the Crimea, headquarters of Russia's Black Sea Fleet,and their forces landed in the Crimea in September 1854． Despite bloody victories over theRussians at the Alma River, Balaklava, and Inkerman, the war went on, as the Russians refused to accept the allies peace terms． Finally, on September 9,1855,Sevastopol fell, but only after Austria threatened to enter the war did Russia agree to make peace．The Treaty of Paris, signed on March 30,1856,was a major setback for Russia's Middle Eastern policy． Russia was forced to return southern Bessarabia and the mouth of the Danube to Turkey; Moldavia,Walachia, and Serbia were placed under an international rather than a Russian guarantee and the Russians were forbidden to maintain a navy on the Black Sea． In military terms, the war was a tactless, needlessly costly affair． The commanders on both sides proved remarkably unsuitable, wasting lives in senseless engagements． Supply services for both armies were affected by inefficiency and corruption, and medical services were terrible． The British nurse Florence Nightingale won fame by her efforts to improve the care of the sick and wounded, but more men died of disease than in battle．Nevertheless, the war was an event of major significance in European history．61.Why did Italy go to the war?A.Because it wanted to please Britain and France．B.Because it was urged by Britain and France．C.Because Austria forced it to do so．D.Because Russia threatened to invade it．62.When Austria was to declare war _____ ．A.Russia retreated its troopsB.Russia felt dismayedC.Moldavia and Walachia gave it their territoriesD.Russia had already been driven out by France and Britain63.In September 1858, Russia accepted the allies's peace terms when_____ ．A.Austria went into warB.the allies won over Russia at the Alma RiverC.the allies defeated Russia's Black Sea FleetD.Austria threatened to declare war on it64.According to the Treaty of Paris, _____ .A.Russia retreated its troops completely from the Middle EastB.Russia gave back some land it took from TurkeyC.Russia could keep its fleet on the Black SeaD.Russia promised to give Moldavia permanent peace65.Why did Russia lose the Crimean War?A.Because Austria went into war.B.Because the allies were too strong.C.Because its army commanders were incompetent.D.Because many of its soldiers died of disease.Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.On the night of the play, Albert was at the hall early and he was already made up and dressed in his policeman's 66 long before the end of the first act. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought as he admired himself 67 the mirror. He even 68 if he should go out into the street to see what 69 he made on people out there. Just for a 70 ,of course! Then he was seized with a sudden 71 of stage fright. How could he 72 all those people in the audience? He put his head in his hands and tried to 73 his lines. He had only a very small part, but his mind was a complete74 .A 75 on the door made him look up. He felt really alarmed. He was76 to go on stage in the second act. Had he missed his entrance and ruined the play for everybody? But it was only the producer, who noticed 77 a state he was in. She suggested he 78 go and stand near the stage where he could watch the play and follow in his script at the same time. It was a good way of getting 79 his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to 80 . In fact, the more he watched the play, the more he became involved in it, so that he began to 81 himself part of it.At last the moment came for him to go on stage. 82 suddenly the producer was by his side again. This time. she looked worried as she placed a hand on his arm to 83 him back.“Is there anything the 84 ?”h e asked. “I'm afraid you re going to be disappointed.”she said. “They've jumped three pages of the script and have 85 out on your part completely.”66.A.clothing B.uniform C.suit D.coat67.A.in B.on C.with D.from68.A.doubted B.knew C.thought D.wondered69.A.response B.image C.impression D.conception70.A.game B.fun C.joke ughter71.A.attack B.horror C.shock D.impulse72.A.meet B.face C.appear D.gaze73.A.read B.refresh C.remind D.remember74.A.gap B.nothing C.blank D.vacancy75.A.bump B.knock C.crash D.smashpelled B.due C.ready D.obliged77.A.which B.where C.how D.what78.A.should B.would C.could D.might79.A.away B.out C.over D.through80.A.happen B.try C.win D.work81.A.feel B.treat C.anticipate D.think82.A.Therefore B.But C.Then D.Almost83.A.hold B.seize C.restrain D.push84.A.anxiety B.trouble C.matter D.wrong85.A.left B.omitted C.forgotten D.missedPaper TwoPart I Error defection and correction (10 minutes, 10 points)1.Just as the (A) tool is the basis of physical and (B) mechanicalscience, so (C) fire is (D) the basis of chemical science.2.The population of many Alaskan cities has (A) as many as (B) doubledin (C) the past (D) three years.3.The old school is still having (A) about the same amount of (B)students as (C) it had a hundred years ago when (D) it was first founded.4.It was years after (A) I had visited (B) my hometown, and (C) I wasdetermined to enjoy my stay (D) .5.Among (A) all the works (B) of art shown in this exhibition hallthe thing I like the most (C) is the needle-work produced (D) by the workers of Suzhou.6.It is more important that the explanation is supposed to (A) be clear(B) than that (C) it (D) should cover every possible exception.7.Myths are accounts of important events that (A) are supposed tooccur (B) sometime (C) during a culture's (D) formative years.8.There (A) will come a day when (B) all of us will be living (C) incities quite unlike ones (D) of the present.9.The minister said at the press (A) that the foreign policy of thecountry would remain (B) the same which (C) party was in power (D) .10.I have no idea of Mr. Smith (A) having been promoted (B) to the newpost. You should tell (C) me about it earlier (D) .Part II Translation (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions:Translate the following passage into English.世界要和平，国家要发展，社会要进步，已成为不可抗拒的时代潮流。
研究生学位英语考试试题_广西
硕士研究生学位英语考试（模拟试题Part II Cloze (10 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits in to the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.Mankind’s fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. The ancient Egyptians respected gold, which had a religious 1 to them, and King Tutankhamun was buried in a sold-gold coffin 3,300 years ago. The wandering Israelites 2 a golden calf, and the legendary King Midas asked that everything he touched 3 into gold.4 only is gold beautiful, but it is5 indestructible. It will not rust or corrode; gold coins and products6 from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries. Gold is extremely easy to7 ; one ounce, which is about the size of a cube of sugar, can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size, and become to thin that light passes through it. An ounce of gold can also be8 into a wore 50 miles long. Gold9 electricity better than any other10 and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to 1 gold. Unfortunately, this longing has also 12 the worst in the human character. The Spanish conquerors of the 16th century robbed palaces, 13 and graves, and killed thousands of Indians in their 14 search for gold. Even today, the economic runningof South Africa’s mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about 40 pounds a month, plus room and board, and who must work in condition that can only be 15 as cruel.Historically, the desire to keep gold at home has been primarily 16 of the working and peasant chasses, who have no 17 in paper money. George Bernard Shaw 18 their instincts eloquently: “You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stability of the 19 and intelligence of members of the government”, he said, “and with due respect to these gentlemen, I advise you … to 20 for gold.”1.A. significance B. capability C. conception D.qualification2.A. bred B. grazed C. prayed D.worshiped3.A. turned B. was turned C. be turned D. tobe turned4.A. It B. If C. Even D. Not5.A. apparently B. reversibly C. virtually D.actually6.A. fabricate B. to fabricate C. fabricating D.fabricated7.A. hand down B. work with C. wear out D. pay off8.A. expanded B. amplified C. stretched D.prolonged9.A. conveys B. conducts C. handles D.transplants10.A. substance B. component C. essence D.ingredient11.A. possess B. preserve C. explore D. rob12.A. backed up B. pulled out C. brought out D.amounted to13.A. churches B. temples C. nurseries D.cathedrals14.A. ruthless B. merciful C. aggressive D. maximal15.A. considered B. described C. illustrated D.characterized16.A. a commitment B. a job C. a profession D. anoccupation17.A. royalty B. faith C. fidelity D.credit18.A. defended B. criticized C. commented D.narrated19.A. honesty B. delicacy C. capability D.confidence20.A. select B. choose C. elect D. vote Part III Reading Comprehension (35 points)Passage 1One of the greatest mysteries of the world, for which scientists have so far been unable to find any satisfactory explanation, is the Bermuda Triangle, sometimes called “The Graveyard of the Atlantic.” This is an area of the Western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida, roughly triangular in shape, where since 1845 at least a hundred ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared. No wreckage has been found, no bodies, lifebelts or any other evidence of disaster. It is as if these planes, ships and people had never existed. In some cases a routine radio message has been received from aircraft reporting everything in order a few minutes before all contact was lost, in others a weak S.O.S. message has been picked up and in perfect weather, inexplicable references to fog and loss of bearings. In the extraordinary case of five U.S. navy planes disappearing on a routine mission from Florida, the rescue plane sent to locate them vanished also. There have been references to the curious white light which is a feature of the sea in part of this area, and it is interesting to note that not only was this light observed by the astronauts o their way to space, but was also noted by Columbus, five centuries ago. Whether this light has any connection with the mysterious disappearances is unknown — it is just another curious circumstance as yet unexplained.Many theories, some bordering on the fantastic, have been advanced to account for the disturbing incidents that occur in the area of the Bermuda Triangle. It has been asked whether these disappearances are caused by extraterrestrial activity, by some undiscovered source of energy, or some dimension of time or space unguessed at by Man. There is no answer and speculation continues as anxiety increases.21.What is the most puzzling feature of the incidents that have occurredin the Bermuda Triangle area?A.The unexplained wreckage found in the area.B.The lack of evidence of disaster.C.The appearance of the wreckage.D.The disastrous losses in the area.22.Before contact with missing aircraft has been lost _______.A.unidentified signals have sometimes been received.B.confusing signals have sometimes been receivedC.the pilot has invariably reported bad weather conditionsD.the pilot has never made any request for assistance23.The five United States Navy planes that disappeared were _______.A.trying to locate a missing planeB.trying to rescue a plane in troubleC.on a special missionD.on a normal flight24.The curious white lights observed on the surface of the sea in theBermuda Triangle area _______.A.were only seen by astronautB.were unearthed by ColumbusC.were seen from a spacecraftD.were not discovered for five centuries25.The cause of the disappearances of ships and planes in the area is ____.A.known only by laymenB.inexplicable to scientistsC.known only to scientistsprehensible only to scientistPassage 2Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labor’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation my well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit planes. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly in reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.26.Though labor worries about the effects of automation, it never doubtsthat _______.A.automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB.automation will help workers acquire new skillsC.automation will eventually benefit the workers no less than the employersD.automation is a trend which cannot be stopped27.The idea of the “improvement factor”(para.3) implies roughly_______.A.wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB.the benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be sharedby workersC.supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD.about with the minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers28.In order to get the full benefits of automation, labor will dependmostly on _______.A.additional payment to the permanently dismissed workersB.the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC.shorter working hours and more leisure timeD.strong drive for planning new installations29.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A.Advantages and disadvantage of automation.bor and the effects of automation.C.Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D.Social benefits of automation.Passage 3President Lincoln was leaning lightly forward with his hand on the railing. He had turned his head to look into the audience. Pulling around the flag that decorated the box, he was looking between the pillar and the flag. It was at this moment, 10:15 P.M., that John Wilkes Booth entered the door to box 8 and fired the fatal shot. A single-shot derringer, about six inches long, was fired by Booth at close range. The bullet entered Lincoln’s head and lodged close behind the right eye. The President slumped forward in his chair and then backward, never to regain consciousness.Quickly Major Rathbone sprang upon the assassin. Booth dropped the gun, broke from Rathbo ne’s grasp, and lunged at him with a large knife. Rathbone received a deep wound in his left arm above the elbow. Booth placed one hand on the railing to the left of the centre pillar, and jumped over the railing. Pathnone again seized Booth but caught only his clothing. As he leaped, Booth’s right boot struck the framed picture of George Washington. The spur on his heel caught in the fringe of the flag and brought it down, tearing a strip with it. These obstacles caused the assassin to lose his balance, and he fell awkwardly on the stage, He landed in a kneeling position with his left leg resting on the stage. In the fall, the large bone of his left leg was fractured about two inches above the ankle.The actor regained his balance like an athlete, and was supposed to have waved his dagger and shouted, “Sic Semper Tyrannis” (Thus always with tyrants), before dashing across the stage. Harry Hawk, seeing Booth coming toward him with a knife, ran through the centre doorway on the stage and up a flight of stairs.Leaving the stage on the north side of the theatre, Booth passed between Laura Keene and young William J. Ferguson, standing near a desk. In the narrow aisle leading from the stage to rear door, Booth bumped into William Withers Jr., the orchestra leader. He slashed twice at Withers, cutting his cost and knocking him to the floor before rushing out of the door. Grasping the horse’s reins from Mr. Burroughts, Booth felled him with the butt end of his knife. He then mounted his hose and rode swiftly from the alley. History had been made.30.Lincoln was shot while he was sitting in _______.A.the balconyB. the front rowC. the back rowD. a boxseat31.The person who first tried to stop Booth was _______.A.FergusonB. WithersC. KeeneD. Rathbone32.In a fall to the stage, Booth fractured his _______.A.ArmB. ankleC. backD. leg33.The author arranges details _______.A.in order of importanceB. in order of timeC. in order of interestD.in order of space34.When Booth shouted “Sic Semper Tyrannis”, _______.A.he was scolding Major RathboneB. he was referring to himselfC. he was calling Lincoln a tyrantD. he was making a reference tohis enemies35.The author develops his writhing through _______.A.personal opinionsB. vivid descriptionsC. scientific factsD. logical reasoningPassage 4Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children’s school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test.Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test-obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can’t see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.36.The author gives an account of Erica’s performance in her study inorder to _______.A.illustrate her cleverness in test-takingB.reveal the incompetence of teachersC.show there is something wrong with the current practice in teachingD.demonstrate the best way to read textbooks.37.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.The phenomenon of teaching to the test has aroused curiosity in manyeducators.B.Skills in general are not only useless but often lead students astray.C.Ability to read and write is one thing, and ability to do well onstandardized tests is quite anotherD.Preparation for a test of a skill does not necessarily mean theacquisition of that skill.38.The author insists that _______.A.mandated state tests be replaced by some more sensible methods ofassessment.B.Teachers pay more attention to the nature and quality of what is taught.C.Students not be concerned with grades but do more reading and thinking.D.Radical changes be brought about in the general approach to teaching39.We can safely conclude that _______ may cause educational problems.A.test obsessionB. standardized testsC. test-takingD. preparation for mandated state tests40.By “crisis of comprehension ” the author means ma ny students _______.A.are too much concerned with gradesB.fail to understand the real goal of educationck proper practice in phonic and grammar drillsD.are unable to understand what they read, though they do reasonably wellon standardized testsPassage 5Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, let’s pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Let’s put and end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer —alcoholism.But wait. We’ve already tried that. For 13years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down—abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (to18th) and by a law of Congress (the Volstead Act). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquors.” Without any more liquor, people could not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink — or two or three. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were bothsupposed to decline as a result of prohibition. Instead, people drank more alcohol than ever — often poisoned alcohol.On December 5, 1933, they repealed Prohibition by ratifying the 21th Amendment to the Constitution.41.Which of the following was NOT characteristic reason for the proposalof the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?A.There would no further danger to the public from alcoholism.B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.C.Without liquor, people would not drink.D.People would not become drunk or create a public nuisance.42.During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was _______.A.sold openlyB.no longer a temptationC.a major factor in the passage of the Volstead ActD.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders43.During Prohibition, people _______.A.lived in fear of the law.B.were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquorC.recklessly endangered their communitiesD.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them44.When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that_______.A.every American would buy alcohol illegallyB.all criminal activities would ceaseC.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcoholD.the social threat from drunkenness would decline45.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A.the Congress was wise to repeal ProhibitionB.the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime anddrunkennessC.during Prohibition, most Americans stopped drinkingws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beveragesPassage SixIs it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is unclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in killing people, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upondogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years age. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.46.This passage implies that war is now _______.A.worse than in the pastB.as bad as in the pastC.not so dangerous as in the pastD.as necessary as in the past47.In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind.” (Paragraph1), “this” refer to ____?A.abolish warB.improve weaponsC.solve international problemsD.live a peaceful life48.From paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the passage _______.A.is an adherent of some modern ideologiesB.does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent warC.believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warD.does not doubt the truth of any ideologies49.According to the writer, ____.A.war is the only way to solve international disputesB.war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weaponsC.it is impossible for people to live without warD.war must be abolished if man wants to survive50.The last paragraph suggests that _______.A.international agreements can be reached more easilyB.man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC.nuclear war will definitely not take placeD.world opinion welcomes nuclear warPassage SevenFor years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be just around the corner, but they haven’t yet found the right block.Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. Theycan’t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine? The answer is that the machine doesn’t do anything cleve r in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Humans don’t play chess that way. They see patterns, which computers don’t.This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense, So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine that can think about anything, under the sun, which a teenager can do.The hallmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.51.From the passage, we know that the writer _______.A.think that scientists are about to achieve artificial intelligenceB.doubts whether scientists can ever achieve artificial intelligenceC.does not think that scientists have found real artificial intelligenceD.is sure that scientists have achieved artificial intelligence52.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 2?A.The writer thinks that the specialists’ complaints don’t have anyreasons.B.Anything that the computer does can be regarded as thought.C.It is very hard to define thoughtputer play chess in exactly the same way as humans.53.The advantage of the computer in playing chess lies in _______.A.its cleverness in thinking out original movesB.its ability to pick up the best out of all possible moves very quicklyC.its flexibility in choosing several different movesD.its ability to see patterns54.What is the characteristic of machine intelligence?A.Its correct judgment.B.Its high flexibility.C.Its ability to think about anything.D.Its rigid approach to thought.55.Which of the following statements about computers is TRUE accordingto the passage?puters can beat any chess player in the world.puters can never be used to forecast weather.puters can be trained to understand some words spoken by a speaker.puters can be made to think as a teenager does.Part IV Translation (20 points)Section A Put the following into Chinese on your Answer sheet.The U.S. side stated: Peace in Asia and peace in the world requires efforts both to reduce immediate tensions and to eliminate the basic causes of conflict. The U.S. will work for a just and secure peace: just, because it fulfills the aspirations of peoples and nations for freedom and progress; secure, because it removes the danger of foreign aggression. The U.S. supports individual freedom and social progress for all the peoples of the world, free of outside pressure or intervention. The U.S. believes that the effort to reduce tensions is served by improving communication between countries that have different ideologies so as to lessen the risks of confrontation through accident, miscalculation or misunderstanding. Countries should treat each other with mutual respect and be willing to compete peacefully, letting performance be the ultimate judge.Section B Put the following into English on your Answer sheet.实行科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.A．occurred at the same time asB．collided withC．was necessitated byD．was similar to正确答案：A解析：A项occurred at the same time as“刚好巧合(二者同时发生)，一致”，与划线词相近。
B项collide with“与……相撞”；C项was necessitated by“因……成为必要”；D项was similar to“与……相似”。
2．When he was in Congress, Joseph Martin, Jr., of Massachusetts was noted for keeping in touch with his constituents.A．cooperatingB．connivingC．celebratingD．communicating正确答案：D解析：D项communicate“保持联系，联系”，与划线词意义相近。
A项cooperate “合作”；B项connive“默许，纵容”；C项celebrate“庆祝”。
3．How long an animal or plant can live is governed by heredity, environment, and chance.A．historyB．geneticsC．climateD．altitude正确答案：B解析：B项genetics“遗传”，与划线词最相近。
A项history和genetics、heredity 多少有关；C项climate和D项altitude有一定的干扰性，因为似乎可以放入空中而与environment并列，但显然不合题意。
4．The doctor maneuvered the instrument skillfully to examine the patient.A．manipulatedB．manufacturedC．performedD．moved正确答案：A解析：A项manipulate“操纵”，与划线词意义相近。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. VOCABULARY 3. CLOZE 4. READING COMPREHENSION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.听力原文：1. W: You look very happy. Any good news?M: My paper has got the thumbs up from my adviser. Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Tom performed poorly this morning. I want to talk to him. M: You can’t do that now. He is in a bad mood.Q: Why can’t the woman talk to Tom now?3. W: You used to complain a lot about your boss. But today is different. M: We had a heart-to-heart talk and I saw him with new eyes.Q: What does the man mean?4. W: I didn’t see you at the concert last night. What’s wrong with you? M: That’s not my cup of tea.Q: What does the man mean?5. M: Oh, my gosh. The newcomer must be a nuisance.W: Don’t forget that you always take someone at face value. Q: What does the woman think about the man?1．A．His paper is a good gift to the advisor.B．His paper has been rejected by the advisor.C．His paper has been revised by the advisor.D．His paper has got the advisor’s approval.正确答案：D解析：女士说：你看上去很高兴，有什么好消息吗?男士说：我的导师对我的论文很满意。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟测试
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)模拟测试Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text:In todays interconnected world, the role of technology in shaping our daily lives has become increasingly prominent. With the advent of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), we are now able to perform tasks with unprecedented efficiency and convenience. However, the benefits of this technological revolution come with their own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to privacy and security.- Privacy concerns have risen sharply in recent years, as more and more personal data is collected and stored online. This data, ranging from browsing history to financial information, is a goldmine for hackers and cybercriminals. 1 the potential risks, individuals and organizations alike must take proactive measures to protect themselves.- One way to combat these threats is through the use ofstrong passwords and two-factor authentication. Yet, these methods alone are 2 insufficient. Regular software updates, which often include security patches, are equally important. Neglecting these updates can leave devices vulnerable to attacks.- Moreover, awareness and education play a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity. Many cyber attacks are successful because users are not aware of the 3 tactics employed by cybercriminals. By educating users on how to recognize phishing emails, malicious websites, and other forms of cyber threats, we can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks.- Another aspect of cybersecurity is the need for 4 policies and regulations. Governments and international organizations must work together to develop and enforce strict guidelines that protect the privacy and security of individuals online. This includes ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed in a manner that is both ethical and legal.- Finally, collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential in the fight against cybercrime. By sharing information and resources, both sectors can more effectively 5 emerging threats and respond to incidents. This includesincident response teams, threat intelligence sharing, and joint training exercises.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and ever-evolving field that requires a multi-faceted approach. By combining strong passwords, regular updates, awareness and education, robust policies, and public-private collaboration, we can build a safer and more secure digital world.Questions:1. A) DespiteB) Despite ofC) In spiteD) In spite ofAnswer: D) In spite ofExplanation: In spite of is a prepositional phrase used to introduce a contrast, meaning although or even though. It correctly completes the sentence by acknowledging the potential risks despite their existence.2. A) inherentlyB) increasinglyC) predominantlyD) undoubtedlyAnswer: A) inherentlyExplanation: Inherently means something is an essential or fundamental part of something else. Here, it suggests that strong passwords and two-factor authentication, while important, are not enough on their own to provide complete security.3. A) sophisticatedB) straightforwardC) outdatedD) rudimentaryAnswer: A) sophisticatedExplanation: Sophisticated refers to something that is complex, advanced, or highly developed. It correctly describes the tactics employed by cybercriminals, which are often complex and difficult to detect.4. A) ambiguousB) comprehensiveC) vagueD) simplisticAnswer: B) comprehensiveExplanation: Comprehensive means including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Here, it refers to theneed for policies and regulations that cover all aspects of cybersecurity, ensuring that individuals privacy and security are adequately protected.5. A) anticipateB) endureC) eliminateD) exacerbateAnswer: A) anticipateExplanation: Anticipate means to foresee or expect something to happen. In this context, it correctly describes the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to predict and prepare for emerging cyber threats.。
2025年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试卷与参考答案
2025年研究生考试考研英语(一201)模拟试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Section ARead the following passage and fill in each blank with ONE word that best fits the context. Each blank has four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should read the passage through carefully before making your choices.In the past, a typical student at a university in the United States was a white, middle-class male, usually between the ages of 18 and 22. He entered college directly from high school, majored in a technical subject, and had a clear idea of what he wanted to do after graduation. Now, the typical student is different. Today’s university students are diverse in terms of race, gender, age, and background. They come from all walks of life and bring with them a variety of experiences and perspectives.The diversity of today’s university students is a reflection of the changing society in which they live. The population of the United States is increasingly multicultural, and universities are responding to this trend by becoming more inclusive. This shift in demographics has had a significant impact on the curriculum and the teaching methods used in universities.1.The passage begins by describing the_of a typical student in the past.A) ageB) backgroundC) genderD) major2.The word “he” in the second sentence refers to the _.A) universityB) studentC) teacherD) high school3.According to the passage, today’s university students are _.A) mostly whiteB) of similar ageC) diverseD) all male4.The phrase “all walks of life” in the second paragraph means _.A) different levels of societyB) various interestsC) different jobsD) various backgrounds5.The passage suggests that universities are_in response to the multicultural society.A) becoming exclusiveB) segregating studentsC) adaptingD) resisting change6.The author implies that the curriculum at universities has_due to the demographic changes.A) become more technicalB) become more diverseC) remained the sameD) become more restrictive7.The teaching methods used in universities have_to accommodate the diverse student population.A) changedB) remained unchangedC) become more rigidD) been abandoned8.The passage indicates that the population of the United States is _.A) becoming more homogeneousB) decreasing in sizeC) increasingly multiculturalD) declining9.The author uses the word “trend” to describe the _.A) increasing number of studentsB) growing diversity in societyC) decline of traditional universitiesD) changing demographics10.The author suggests that the shift in demographics has_on universities.A) had no impactB) caused problemsC) had a significant impactD) been unnoticed11.The word “inclusive” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by _.A) exclusiveB) diverseC) variedD) broad12.The author mentions that the diversity of students has led to _.A) a more homogeneous curriculumB) a more diverse curriculumC) a more restrictive curriculumD) a more exclusive curriculum13.The author implies that the teaching methods used in universities are _.A) being updatedB) becoming outdatedC) becoming more standardizedD) becoming more traditional14.The passage indicates that the population of the United States is _.A) becoming more homogeneousB) decreasing in sizeC) increasingly multiculturalD) declining15.The author suggests that the shift in demographics has_on universities.A) had no impactB) caused problemsC) had a significant impactD) been unnoticed16.The author uses the word “trend” to describe the _.A) increasing number of studentsB) growing diversity in societyC) decline of traditional universitiesD) changing demographics17.The passage indicates that the population of the United States is _.A) becoming more homogeneousB) decreasing in sizeC) increasingly multiculturalD) declining18.The author suggests that the shift in demographics has_on universities.A) had no impactB) caused problemsC) had a significant impactD) been unnoticed19.The author uses the word “trend” to describe the _.A) increasing number of studentsB) growing diversity in societyC) decline of traditional universitiesD) changing demographics20.The author implies that the teaching methods used in universities are _.A) being updatedB) becoming outdatedC) becoming more standardizedD) becoming more traditionalAnswers:1.B) background2.B) student3.C) diverse4.D) various backgrounds5.C) adapting6.B) become more diverse7.A) changed8.C) increasingly multicultural9.B) growing diversity in society10.C) had a significant impact11.B) diverse12.B) a more diverse curriculum13.A) being updated14.C) increasingly multicultural15.C) had a significant impact16.B) growing diversity in society17.C) increasingly multicultural18.C) had a significant impact19.B) growing diversity in society20.A) being updated二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）第一题Passage:The digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, work, and live. With the advent of the internet, social media, andvarious digital devices, our lives have become more connected than ever before. However, this digital revolution has also raised concerns about the impact it has on our mental health. One of the most prevalent issues is the rise in social isolation and loneliness, particularly among young adults.A recent study conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health found that young adults are more likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety compared to previous generations. The study attributes this to the excessive use of digital devices and social media, which can lead to a lack of face-to-face interaction and a decline in social skills. According to the study, young adults who spend more time on social media are more likely to report feelings of loneliness and social isolation.The study also highlights the negative effects of social isolation on mental health. Social isolation has been linked to an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and even cardiovascular disease. Moreover, individuals who feel socially isolated may experience a decline in their overall well-being and quality of life.To address these concerns, experts recommend several strategies to mitigate the negative effects of social isolation in the digital age. Firstly, they emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy balance between digital and face-to-face interactions. This means reducing the amount of time spent on digital devices and making an effort to engage in real-life social activities. Secondly, experts suggest that individuals should be more mindful of theironline behavior and avoid excessive use of social media, especially during stressful or challenging times. Lastly, building a strong support network of friends, family, and community can help combat feelings of social isolation.The digital age has undoubtedly brought numerous benefits, but it is crucial to be aware of the potential negative effects it can have on our mental health. By adopting healthy habits and being proactive in fostering social connections, we can better navigate this digital landscape and maintain our mentalwell-being.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of the digital ageB. The negative effects of social isolationC. The role of social media in mental healthD. The importance of maintaining a healthy balance between digital and face-to-face interactions2、According to the passage, what is the primary cause of the rise in social isolation and loneliness among young adults?A. Excessive use of digital devices and social mediaB. The decline in social skillsC. The negative effects of social isolation on mental healthD. A lack of face-to-face interaction3、What are the negative effects of social isolation on mental health,according to the passage?A. Increased risk of depression and anxietyB. A decline in overall well-being and quality of lifeC. Cardiovascular diseaseD. All of the above4、What strategies are recommended by experts to mitigate the negative effects of social isolation in the digital age?A. Reducing the amount of time spent on digital devicesB. Engaging in real-life social activitiesC. Being more mindful of online behaviorD. Building a strong support networkE. All of the above5、What is the main message of the passage?A. The digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, work, and live.B. Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent issues in the digital age.C. The negative effects of social isolation on mental health are significant.D. By adopting healthy habits and fostering social connections, we can maintain our mental well-being.Answers:1、B2、A3、D4、E5、D第二题Reading PassageThe following passage is followed by some questions. For each question, four answers are given. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question.In the 19th century, the development of the steam engine and the expansion of the railway network revolutionized transportation and industry. The steam engine, invented by James Watt in the late 18th century, provided a powerful source of energy that could be harnessed to drive machinery and power locomotives. This innovation led to the Industrial Revolution, which transformed societies and economies across the world.The steam engine was a remarkable piece of engineering, as it converted heat energy into mechanical work. The engine worked by using steam pressure to move a piston, which in turn drove the machinery. The invention of the steam engine had a profound impact on various sectors of society, including agriculture, mining, and manufacturing.1.What was the primary innovation of James Watt in the late 18th century?A. The steam engineB. The railway networkC. The steam turbineD. The internal combustion engine2.What was the main purpose of the steam engine?A. To generate electricityB. To power locomotivesC. To heat homesD. To produce steam3.How did the steam engine work?A. By using wind pressure to move a turbineB. By using steam pressure to move a pistonC. By using hydraulic pressure to move a pumpD. By using nuclear energy to create steam4.What was the most significant impact of the steam engine on society?A. It improved agricultural productivityB. It led to the development of new forms of transportationC. It increased the availability of clean waterD. It reduced the need for manual labor5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sector of society affected by the steam engine?A. AgricultureB. EducationC. MiningD. ManufacturingAnswers:1.A. The steam engine2.B. To power locomotives3.B. By using steam pressure to move a piston4.B. It led to the development of new forms of transportation5.B. EducationThird Question: Traditional Reading ComprehensionReading Passage:In the heart of the Amazon rainforest, scientists have discovered a previously unknown species of frog, which they have named “Callimico mexicanus.” This frog, with its iridescent green skin and distinctive call, has been a mystery to biologists for decades. The discovery of this species has sparkeda new wave of research into the biodiversity of the Amazon and the potential impact of climate change on its delicate ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest is one of the most complex and diverse ecosystems on Earth, home to thousands of plant and animal species. However, human activities, such as deforestation and pollution, have put immense pressure on this vital ecosystem. The new species of frog, with its unique characteristics, could provide valuable insights into the health of the Amazon’s biodiversity.1.The main purpose of this passage is to:a) Describe the discovery of a new species of frog.b) Discuss the impact of climate change on the Amazon rainforest.c) Analyze the biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest.d) Explain the role of humans in the conservation of the Amazon rainforest.2.The word “iridescent” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:a) Transparentb) Varying in colorc) Hardd) Smaller3.The author mentions “thousands of plant and animal species” to:a) Emphasize the diversity of the Amazon rainforest.b) Highlight the new species of frog.c) Criticize the impact of human activities on the Amazon.d) Compare the Amazon rainforest to other ecosystems.4.It can be inferred from the passage that:a) The new species of frog is the most diverse species in the Amazon.b) The discovery of the new species has led to a significant reduction in deforestation.c) Scientists are studying the new species to understand the effects of climate change.d) The Amazon rainforest is not as important as other ecosystems.5.The author’s tone throughout the passage can be described as:a) Skepticalb) Excitedc) Boredd) IndifferentAnswers:1.b2.b3.a4.c5.b第四题Reading PassageIn the world of science, the greatest discoveries often come from unexpected sources. The case of the discovery of penicillin is no exception. This remarkable story begins with a curious incident involving a moldy bread and the observations of a young Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming.One day, Alexander Fleming returned to his laboratory after a holiday, only to find that one of his cultures had become contaminated with a strange mold. Rather than discarding the culture, he decided to examine it further. He noticed that the mold was killing the bacteria in the culture. Intrigued, Fleming began to study the mold and its properties. He discovered that it produced a substance that had antibacterial properties. This substance, which he named penicillin, was the first antibiotic and would revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections.1、What is the main topic of the reading passage?A、The discovery of penicillinB、The importance of scientific observationC、The history of antibioticsD、The life of Alexander Fleming2、Why did Alexander Fleming decide to examine the moldy bread culture?A、He wanted to discard it.B、He was interested in the mold’s antibacterial properties.C、He was on a holiday.D、He didn’t care about the contamination.3、What did Alexander Fleming discover about the mold?A、It was killing the bacteria in the culture.B、It was a common type of mold.C、It was the cause of the contamination.D、It was beneficial for bacterial growth.4、What is the significance of the discovery of penicillin?A、It showed that mold can kill bacteria.B、It helped to improve the quality of bread.C、It led to the development of new antibiotics.D、It helped to prevent contamination in laboratories.5、What is the name of the substance that Fleming named after discovering its antibacterial properties?A、MoldB、BacteriaC、PenicillinD、Antibiotic答案：1、A2、B3、A4、D5、C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）PassageThe rise of the Internet has dramatically transformed the way people communicate and access information. One of the most significant changes brought about by the Internet is the emergence of online social networks. These networks allow individuals to connect with others, share information, and collaborate on various projects. However, this transformation has also raised concerns about the impact on face-to-face interactions and the potential risks associated with online communication.Online social networks offer numerous benefits. They provide a platform for people to maintain and strengthen existing relationships, as well as toestablish new connections with like-minded individuals. Moreover, these networks enable users to access a wealth of information, resources, and opportunities. For instance, students can join online study groups, professionals can network with peers in their field, and job seekers can find employment opportunities.Despite these benefits, there are potential drawbacks to online social networks. One major concern is the decline in face-to-face interactions. As people become more reliant on digital communication, they may find themselves less inclined to engage in face-to-face conversations, which can hinder the development of interpersonal skills. Additionally, online social networks can expose individuals to various risks, such as cyberbullying, privacy breaches, and identity theft.Online social networks also have the potential to impact mental health. Excessive use of these networks can lead to social isolation, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison with others’ seemingly perfect lives on social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Furthermore, the rapid spread of false information and misinformation on these platforms can contribute to confusion, polarization, and even violence in society.In order to mitigate the potential negative impacts of online social networks, it is essential to strike a balance between digital and face-to-face interactions. Individuals should be encouraged to maintain and nurture their relationships both online and offline. Additionally, efforts should be made toeducate users about the risks associated with online communication and to promote responsible use of social media platforms.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of online social networksB. The risks associated with online social networksC. The impact of online social networks on mental healthD. The balance between digital and face-to-face interactions2.According to the passage, which of the following is a potential benefit of online social networks?A. Decrease in face-to-face interactionsB. Improved access to information and resourcesC. Increased risk of cyberbullyingD. Decline in mental health3.What is one concern raised by the passage regarding the decline in face-to-face interactions?A. The loss of interpersonal skillsB. The reduction in access to informationC. The increase in social isolationD. The enhancement of privacy4.How can individuals mitigate the potential negative impacts of online social networks?A. By reducing their usage of social media platformsB. By maintaining and nurturing their relationships both online and offlineC. By avoiding online communication altogetherD. By seeking professional help for mental health issues5.What is the author’s main suggestion to address the risks associated with online social networks?A. To ban the use of social media platformsB. To promote responsible use of social mediaC. To encourage face-to-face interactions onlyD. To limit access to social media for young peopleAnswers:1.B2.B3.A4.B5.B四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题中文：“随着互联网的普及，网络信息已经成为人们获取知识、学习新技能的重要途径。
学位英语考试模拟试题
学位英语考试模拟试题Part I: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.1. A) At 7:30. B) At 7:45. C) At 8:10. D) At 8:30.2. A) The man will register for the same course. B) The man already knows Julia. C) The man is being too ambitious. D) The man has mistaken the timetable.3. A) The woman enjoys taking the subway. B) The subway is fast and punctual. C) The woman is new to the city. D) The woman is getting off at the next station.4. A) The man recovered quickly. B) The man is suffering from a cold.C) The man caught a virus. D) The man got hurt while jogging.5. A) The man forgot to buy the book. B) The woman should borrow a book from the man's friend. C) The woman should return the man's book. D) The man can lend the book to the woman.Section B:Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage One6. A) Oysters. B) Dairy products. C) Walnuts. D) Beans.7. A) 7 grams. B) 11 grams. C) 14 grams. D) 16 grams.8. A) They could enjoy a few more pieces of candy. B) They might wish to eat fruit instead. C) They could consume more soda. D) They should stop eating candy.Passage Two9. A) Her first bicycle. B) Her first car. C) Her first motorbike. D) Her first motorcycle.10. A) Healthy. B) Dangerous. C) Exciting. D) Unnecessary.Passage Three11. A) The second. B) The third. C) The ninth. D) The tenth.12. A) The People's Republic of China. B) The United States. C) The United Kingdom. D) The Canadian Confederation.13. A) Human rights. B) Legal systems. C) Geographical regions. D) Political developments.Section C:Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Part II: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A:Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Most colleges and universities offer a variety of extracurricular activities for students, such as clubs, sports teams, and community service organizations. These activities provide students with the opportunity to (14)______ their interests outside of their academic studies. Getting involved in extracurricular activities is not only a great way to make friends and (15)______ leadership skills, but it can also enhance your resume and help you stand out to potential (16)______.In addition, participating in extracurricular activities can help students develop important (17)______ and time management skills. Balancing schoolwork and extracurricular commitments can be challenging, but it teaches students how to prioritize tasks and effectively manage their time, which is a valuable skill that will (18)______ them well in the future.14. A) spot B) pursue C) motivate D) inspect15. A) expand B) make C) take D) build16. A) employers B) colleagues C) supervisors D) clients17. A) communication B) leadership C) organization D) negotiation18. A) go B) keep C) hold D) serveSection B:Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.Passage OneWith the increasing popularity of online shopping, many traditional brick-and-mortar retail stores are facing challenges in attracting customers. However, physical stores still have certain advantages over online retailers that can help them thrive in the competitive market. One of the key advantages is the ability to provide customers with a hands-on shopping experience. In physical stores, customers can try on clothes, test electronic devices, and see products in person before making a purchase. This tactile experience is something that online retailers cannot offer, and it can help create a more personal connection between the customer and the product.19. According to the passage, what advantage do physical stores have over online retailers?A) Lower prices. B) Greater variety of products. C) Personalized recommendations. D) Hands-on shopping experience.20. What does the phrase "hands-on shopping experience" refer to?A) Trying on clothes before buying them. B) Viewing products online. C) Reading customer reviews. D) Price comparison.21. How can physical stores compete with online retailers in the current market?A) By offering discounts. B) By providing personalized recommendations. C) By providing a hands-on shopping experience. D) By expanding their product variety.Passage TwoClimate change is a pressing issue that affects the entire planet. As temperatures rise and extreme weather events become more frequent, it is crucial for individuals and governments to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impact of climate change. One of the key solutions to addressing climate change is transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. By investing in renewable energy technologies, countries can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and decrease the carbon footprint of their energy systems.22. According to the passage, what is a key solution to addressing climate change?A) Increasing the use of fossil fuels. B) Investing in renewable energy sources. C) Reducing regulations on carbon emissions. D) Ignoring the impact of climate change.23. What can countries achieve by investing in renewable energy technologies?A) Increased reliance on fossil fuels. B) Decreased carbon footprint of energy systems. C) More frequent extreme weather events. D) Higher greenhouse gas emissions.24. Why is it important for individuals and governments to take action on climate change?A) To increase greenhouse gas emissions. B) To promote the use of fossil fuels. C) To reduce the impact of extreme weather events. D) To ignore the effects of climate change.Section C:Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.In recent years, the concept of sustainable living has gained traction as individuals seek ways to reduce their impact on the environment and promote a more eco-friendly lifestyle. Sustainable living involves making choices that are environmentally responsible and that contribute to the well-being of future generations. One of the key aspects of sustainable living is reducing waste and conserving resources through practices such as recycling, composting, and using energy-efficient appliances.25. What is the main focus of sustainable living?26. List three practices that are mentioned in the passage as ways to promote sustainable living.27. Why is sustainable living important for future generations?Part III: Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.Technology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones and social media to artificial intelligence and driverless cars, technological advancements have transformed every aspect of our daily lives. As technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace, it is important for individuals to adapt and embrace these changes to stay relevant in an increasingly digital world.Part IV: Writing (10 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the following prompt. Your essay should be no less than 200 words and should include sufficient details to support your argument.Prompt: Some people believe that students should be required to wear school uniforms, while others think it should be optional. What is your opinion? Provide reasons and examples to support your argument.。
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研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(一)(模拟试卷的听力部分没有编辑录音)Non-English Major Graduate Student English (Model) Qualifying Test请查看答案II. V ocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16. The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from.a frighteningb generalc loud d indistinct17. The clerk had to break off the conversation in order to await on a customer.a interruptb hurryc continued begin18. The new tax law is explicit; that type of certificate is tax exempt.a definiteb deficientc harshd imprecise19. Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team.a envyb respectc trustd pursue20. His winning the award was the highest attainment of his career.a desireb spectaclec achievementd joy21. He was able to mend the cup and saucer.a washb repairc decorated mold22. It is ridiculous to become angry with such an insignificant matter.a sinfulb tragicc absurd d unpardonable23. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard for miles.a shoutedb cheeredc grewd scattered24. The flowers will wither in a few hours.a blossomb dry upc opend revive25. The automobile's exhaust system gave off foul smelling fumes.a attractedb neutralizedc emitted d condensedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Unless all staff members agree to _____ to the plan, there may be further changes in the course of action.a inferb preferc adhered assure27. It is hard to reconcile his splendid speech _____ his actual behavior.a tob withc ond from28. Advertisements may arouse a strong wish for something; how the need is filled will probably be ______ the individual.a on tob up toc as tod down to29. ______ I like very much to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students' papers and theses.a As far asb So farc Much asd In so far as30. We all argued with him not to sign the contract with that company, but _____.a to no purposeb to good purposec on the spotd in good shape31. Plato's teachings had a profound _____ on Aristotle.a effectb affectc affectationd take32. The professor tried to _____ interest in archaeology by taking his students on expedition.a encourageb stimulatec diminishd take33. He is among those lucky Chinese students who have won_____ to first -rate U.S. universities.a permissionb professionc admittanced admission34. Probability is the mathematical study of the_____ of an event's occurrence.a likelihoodb desirabilityc predictabilityd malleability35. Under the director-responsibility system, the party secretary's task is to fully support the director in his work and ______ the Party's policies are observed and State quota met.a to see tob see to itc see to it thatd to see to itIII. Close Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.A democratic country is obliged to give some thought to the question of who is allowed to vote. In Britain, the ..36.. is extended to all people over the age oftwenty-one with some exceptions. ..37.. attaining this age, men and women acquire all kinds of responsibilities from ..38.. younger people are free. In times of National Emergency, however, the ..39.. age at which a young man may be called ..40.. to bear arms is eighteen. ..41.. it should not be surprising that some people argue that if a young man is old enough to die for his country, he is old enough to have a voice in his ..42.. . At first sight, this argument may appear formidable. Before we demand that changes ..43.. in the existing law, however, we must ask ourselves whether we ..44.. have not fallen victims of a logical fallacy. What qualities are needed in a soldier? He must, ..45.., be physically fit, some branches of the service will make intensive ..46.. upon his agility and powers of physical endurance. He should be courageous, resourceful and alert. he should understand and ..47.. discipline and be ..48.., on occasion, to obey an order not because he understands or approves of it, but because it is order. What qualities, on the other hand, must we at least hope to find in a voter? The ability to reason must be placed high on the list. If a man is easily taken ..49.. by emotional traps, he will not be able to make ..50..judgments. His experience of life must surely be fairly extensive before we can place such power in his hands.36. a privilege b ability c chance d duty37. a On b Before c After d At38. a those b them c which d that39. a best b maximum c minimum d possible40. a up b upon c in d out41.a However b Moreover c Nevertheless d Therefore42.a business b affairs c matters d things43. a should make b are made c will be made d be made44. a must b can c may d ought to45.a obviously b apparently c seemingly d matter-of-fact46.a requirements b expectations c commands d demands47.a approve of b take c receive d accept48.a willing b ready c likely d easy49.a after b over c in d up50.a sensitive b sensible c sentimental d sensationalIV. Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Direction: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on y Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The struggle for health and safety standards for industrial workers has produced an interesting and some what unexpected controversy; some workers do not want obligatory protection, particularly if it means that they will not be allowed to do certain kinds of jobs. For example, a number of industries are refusing to let women work in certain areas because of possible danger of their children they should become pregnant. Many women feel that this is discriminatory and that they should be allowed to decide for themselves if a particular job poses a risk. They argue, in particular, that such regulations are unfair because (1) many of the women workers, whether single or married, do not intend to have children, and (2) many are beyond childbearing age. Management spokesmen, on the other hand, say that they do not want to be responsible for the possible impairment of a child and that they will fight to comply with the health and safety standards which have been recommended for the protection of women.51. A controversy has arisen because of rules _____.a for scientists to deal with Health Protectionb that astronauts must find new materials to work withc about where women can workd concerning families that work52. Many women think obligatory protection ______.a is discriminatory towards themb causes a risk to unborn childrenc is hazardous to their healthd won't make a difference to them53. Taking health and safety precautions is _______.a up to the workersb the responsibility of managementc the women's' problemd mostly not needed54. Some industries refuse to let women work in certain area ____.a because they could make too much moneyb so they won't be injuredc so their families won't have problemsd because of possible danger to an unborn childPassage 2We knew Sylvia and Jack had had problems with their flat, but he had not been told the details. Not until they came for a weekend in September. At dinner on the Friday evening, Kitty said, "You wrote that the flat wasn't quite what you expected. We imagined the worst, like horrid neighbors or rising damp. Of course, it could be just too small. You're sharing with another couple, aren't you?" "We're sharing, Mother," Slvia replied. "It really wasn't necessary," Jack explained proudly. "I've had a substantial rise, and we can easily manage. It's much better to be independent." "Oh ," I agreed. "What was the trouble?" Kitty asked, impatient and unwilling to let go. "Nothing much," Sylvia said. "The flat's fine. It was the other couple, Sally and Tom Ford. You've never seen such an untidy pair. We shared the sitting-room and the kitchen and the bathroom and got fed up with the mess of it all." "And what make it worse," Jack put in, "was that they accused us of the same sort of thing. Tom and I nearly came to blows when he locked up some of their wedding presents we were all using, as they used ours, naturally." "You take a chance when you make a sharing arrangement," Kitty said, "unless you've known the other people a along time. Were they always disorganized like that, or did it start suddenly? Something might have upset the girl." "I knew h for thee s at college, Mother. She seemed all right then, I had the shock of my life when I saw how she and Tom lived." "I never realized you were so particular, my dear," Kitty said with a smile. "I am, in my own flat," Sylvia said. "Sally and Tom left a month ago." "We could he left instead," Jack said. "But why should we? After all, the flat was in our names, not theirs. We were glad to see the back of them."55. What did Kitty hope to do the weekend in September?a Look for a large flat for Sylvia.b Get to know the neighbors better.c Find out what went wrong in Sylvia's flat.d Do something to cure the dampness of Sylvia's flat.56. When Sylvia said they "were sharing" (Para. 3), she meant that _____.a they had never agreed about sharingb They had shared and were still sharingc they intended to share in the futured They were no longer sharing57. Jack was pleased to announce that _______.a he was now earning a higher salaryb they would soon move to a much better flatc they rent of the flat had just been reducedd they had paid off all their debts58. According to Sylvia, what was wrong with the other couple?a They were nervous and over-anxious to please.b They caused a lot of trouble over nothing.c They were too disorderly to live with.d They were falsely accused of being dirty.59. When Tom locked up the presents, ______.a Jack smashed some of the thingsb he and Jack almost started to fightc he took a few that belonged to Sylvia and Jackd Jack decided to break the lock60. What was Jack's opinion about leaving the flat?a He would have given it up, but Sylvia disagreed.b He thought they would have to clean it up before leaving.c He wanted to live there but did not have an agreement.d He was not willing to give it up.Passage 3As everyone knows, words constantly take on new meanings. Since these do not necessarily, nor even usually, take the place of the old ones, we should picture this process as the analogy of a tree throwing out new branches which themselves throw out subordinate branches. The new branches sometimes overshadow and kill the old ones but by no means always. We shall again and again find the earliest senses of a word flourishing for centuries despite a vast overgrowth of later senses which might be expected to kill them.When a word has several meanings, historical circumstances often make one of them dominant during a particular period. Thus "station" is now more likely to mean a railway-station than anything else; "speculation" more likely to bear its financial sense than any other. Until this century "plane" had as its dominant meaning "a flat surface" or "a carpenter's tool to make a surface smooth", but the meaning "an airplane" is dominant now. The dominant sense of a word lies uppermost in our minds. Whenever we meet the word, our natural impulse is to give it that sense. We are often deceived. In an old author the word many mean something different.One of my aims is to make the reading of old books easy as far as certain words are concerned. If we read an old poem with insufficient regard for the change of the dictionary meanings of words we won't be able to understand the poem the old author intended. And to avoid this, knowledge is necessary. We see good words or good senses of words losing their edge or more rarely getting a new edge that serves some different purpose. "Verbicide, "the murder of a word, happens in many ways. Inflation is the commonest: those who taught us to say "awfully" for "very", "tremendous" for "great", and "unthinkable" for "undesirable" were verbicides. I should be glad if I sent any reader away with a sense of responsibility to the language. It is unnecessary to think we can do nothing about it. Our conversation will have little effect, but if we get into print perhaps especially if we are leader-writers or reporters -- we can help to strengthen or weaken some disastrous words, can encourage a good and resist a bad Americanism. For many things the press prints today will be taken up by a great mass of people in few years.61. In the first paragraph author believes _____.a only old words take on new meaningsb a tree throws out new branches as the words pick up new meanings.c works obtain new meanings from time to time.d it is possible for the old words to lose their old senses62. By mentioning the tree throwing out new branches, the author hopes to ____.a stress the natural phenomenab picture the process of growth of new branchesc explain what the analogy isd illustrate his view in a clearer way63. In the author's opinion, the earliest senses of a word _______.a are always overshadowed and discarded by the later sensesb still thrived for several hundred years in spite of an overgrowth of later sensesc might be expected to be killed soond would overgrow the later senses64. The dominant meaning of a word is often determined by ______.a historical circumstancesb a particular periodc our mindsd our natural impulse65. We are often cheated by some words because ______.a their dominant meanings have not been determinedb sometimes they mean something different from their dominant meaningsc our natural impulse makes a mistaked the dominant sense of a word is not accurate in our minds66. In the author's view, if someone taught us to say "awfully" for "very" _______.a we were advised not to accept itb we were getting a new edge for different purposec we saw an example of a good word being misusedd we saw a word serving for different purpose67. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that ______.a we can do nothing about it unless we get into printb we should take responsibility to the language if necessaryc our conversation has little effect on the situation because we haven't got into printd a great mass of people will accept what the press prints so that we can encourage good and resist the badPassage 4If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 per cent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by surfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest of swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture. Taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown, more numerous, and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during hundred years. Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place we have to examine the greater part of Europe's 3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still. In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically -- and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it.68. By 1350, as compared with three hundred years earlier, Europeans had, according to the passage, _______ .a made several geographical discoveriesb cut down more trees and expanded the farmingc made their territory largerd dug more canals to water the land69. Expansion in Europe between 1350 and 1450 ______.a was less than in the three hundred years up to 1350.b was considerablec continued at roughly the same rate as befored was more than that from 1000 to 135070. It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period under consideration, because the inhabitants _______.a often did not fit the conformity of their societyb sometimes changed their system of lifec move around too much to study properlyd left no documents71. The owners of large estates tended to _____.a leave their land and settle into he townb treat their tenants badlyc write down information about their landsd work on the land by themselves72. Some landlords make agreements comparatively favorable to farmers because they wanted them to ______.a pay more rentb farm new landc be feudalizedd work harder73. By 1450 people in general had become, by comparison with earlier times, _________.a richerb poorerc more turbulentd more feudalizedPassage 5Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that, as the family therapist Virginis Satir observes, "every person has the right to fail." Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child's hastily made table as "Perfect!" even though it wobbles on uneven legs. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair of stupid. When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money for charity by holding a carnival. Proud of her, we rashly allowed her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she couldn't possibly handle all the refreshments, shows, and games promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent embarrassing failure -- and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her from discovering her limitations. The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child who's not invited to a birthday party, who doesn't make the honor roll or the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, "It doesn't matter" because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment -- and then be helped to master it.Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask "Why did I fail?" Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about inquiring. When I was a teenager, I failed to get a job I'd counted on. I telephoned the interviewer to ask why. "Because you came ten minutes late. "I was told, "We can't afford employees who waste other people's time." The explanation was reassuring (I hadn't been rejected as a person) and helpful, too. I don't think I've been late for anything since.Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of studying ballet a friend of mine auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. "Would further training help?" she asked. The ballet master shook his head. "You will never be a dancer," he said, "You haven't the body for it."In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking "What have I left? What else can I do?" My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she's both competent and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less of lose. Often there's a resurgence of energy -- an awareness of new possibilities.74. Which of the following would be the best title for this selection?a Teaching Your Child to Succeedb Learning from Failurec How to Be Successfuld Why We Are So Afraid of Failure75. Which sentence best expresses the central point of the selection?a Success can come only after many failures.b no one can succeed all the time.c Everyone appreciates a good loser.d use every failure as an opportunity for growth and improvement.76. According tot he passage _______.a parents need to help their children avoid failureb parents should help their children discover their limitationsc parents should be aware of their children's limitationsd parents should tell their children about their limitations77. Many people are afraid of failure because ______.a they have not been taught to view it as a learning experienceb our society does not tolerate failurec they do not have what it takes to succeedd it is the ultimate fear that human beings have78. The author implies that we can learn from our failures _____.a more than from our successesb once we ask ourselves why we did wrongc and never fail againd but not from the failures of others79. The author implies that success ______ .a prepares us for life in the real worldb provides us with much more freedom than failure doesc is all that really mattersd doesn't encourage new thinking80. The author implies that failure _________.a almost always leads to more failureb provides an opportunity to try new experiencesc make us afraid to take risksd hurts children more than adultsPAPER TWO V. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A(20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.The aim of science is to describe the world in orderly language, in such a way that we can, if possible, foresee the results of those alternative causes of action between which we are always choosing. The kind of order which our description has is entirely one of convenience. Our purpose is always to predict. Of course, it is most convenient if we can find an order by cause and effect; it makes our choice simple; but it is not essential. There is of course nothing sacred about the causal form of natural law. We are accustomed to this form, until it has become our standard of what every natural law ought to look like.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.全世界科学家与科学机构日益趋向于更为密切合作. 这是因为当前研究工作愈来愈复杂, 研究范围也愈来愈广, 因此产生了雇佣大批科技人员进行研究计划的大规模组织.这就必然导致许多科研项目的发展超越了国界.VI. Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Write a composition of no less than 120 words on the following topic. Use the proper space on Answer Sheet II.Topic: State Schools in ChinaThere are all kinds of schools in China. Give a general classification and description of them.I. Listening ComprehensionPart A: 1. d 2.d 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.bPart B: 10.c 11.a 12.b 13.d 14.d 15.dII. V ocabulary (0.5 point each)Section A16.d 17.a 18.a 19.b 20.c 21.b 22.c 23.c 24.b 25.cSection B26.c 27.b 28.b 29.c 30.a 31.a 32.b 33.d 34.a 35.cIII. Cloze test (1 point each)36.a 37.a 38.c 39.c 40.b 41.d 42.b 43.d 44.c 45.a 46.d 47.d 48.b 49.c 50.bIV. Reading comprehension (1 point each)51.c 52.a 53.b 54.d 55.c 56.d 57.a 58.c 59.b 60.d61.c 62.d 63.b 64.a 65.b 66.c 67.d 68.c 69.a 70.c71.c 72.b 73.a 74.b 75.d 76.b 77.a 78.a 79.d 80.bPaper TwoV. TranslationSection A (10 points)Suggested Chinese version:科学的宗旨是用有条理的语言来描述世界, 通过这种描述, 使我们在可能条件下, 能预测出我们往往要从中作出抉择的那些行为过程的结果. 我们描述事物时所遵循的条理性, 完全是从方便考虑. 我们的目的的总是为了预测. 当然, 如果我们能找到一种按因果关系排列的条理性, 那就最为方便了, 它使我们的抉择变得简单, 但这并不是绝对必要的.自然定律的因果形式当然没有什么神圣的地方.我们习惯于这种形式, 它已成为我们认识每一自然定律的标准.Section B (10 points)Suggested English version:There has been an increasing trend twoeards closer cooperations between scientists and scientific institutions all over the world. The main reason is the growing complextity and widening scope of present-day research. Which has resulted in the creation of large organizations employing great numbers of scientists and technologists in programmes of research. This has inevitably led to the extension of many items of research beyond national boundaries.VI. Writing (10 points)OmittedScripts for Listening ComprehensionsPart A1. M: I'm still waiting for the clerk to come back and make some copies of this paper for me.W: Why bother him? I'll show you how easy it is to work the machine.Q: What does the woman mean?2. M: The way Vincent speaks Italian, you'd think he's a native.W: That's probably because he is.Q: What do we know about Vincent?3. W: Well, El, shall we take part in the concert in the park this evening?M: Great idea, provided we can do the grocery shopping first.Q: What does El suggest?4. W: Chemistry 502 is really a hard course.M: So was Chemistry 402.Q: What does we learn from the conversation?5. W: If I were you, I would take a plane instead of a bus. It will take youforever to get there.M: But flying makes me so nervous.Q: What does the man prefer to do?6. M: While I am in Washington, I want to see the Capital Building.W: You will. It's only a stone's throw away from the train station.Q: What does the woman mean?7. M: Did you say you were driving to town this morning?W: Yes, I have to get a check cashed to pay my bookstore bill.Q: What is the woman going to do in town?8. M: I am not sure what the best way is to hang this poster withoutdamaging the wall.W: Couldn't you use tape? It peels off easily.Q: What does the woman suggest?9. W: These are very nice shirts. How much are they?M: 5 dollars each. For two, 9 dollars. They are on sale today.Q: How much does one shirt cost?Part BPassage 1Mars Harris, an elderly patient in a nursing home, sat all day in a chair. She did nothing else. She required complete physical care, even feeding. No one seemed to realize that she was partially deaf and blind. Oneday, a young doctor observed cataracts in both her eyes. He discovered that if he spoke in her ear, she seemed to respond. One eye was operated on, and when it was first uncovered, the old woman cried with joy. Her recovery was quick, and she soon became quite independent. She started feeding herself and took to smiling and talking with others. The change in her attitude was amazing. Not only did she require less nursing care, but she was also able to smiling and talking with others. The change in her attitude was amazing. Not only did she require less nursing care, but she was also able to help other patients. She was again able to see and with this, seemed to experience some hearing recovery.10. How did the regular attendants of the nursing home work?11. What can be reasonably inferred from this passage?12. What does evidence in the passage suggest?Passage 2It is no secret that I am not one of those naturalists who suffer from cities, nor do I find a city unnatural and uninteresting, or a rubbish heapof follies. It has always seemed to me that there is something more than mechanically admirable about a train that arrives on time, a fire department that comes when you call it, a light that leaps into the room at a touch, and a clinic that will fight for the health of a poor man and amass for him the agencies of mercy: the X ray, the medicines, the anesthetics and the surgical skill. For, beyond any pay these services receive, pride in perfect performance stands out. And above all, I admire the noble impersonality of civilization that does not inquire as to the recipient's religion, politicsor race. I call this beauty, and I call it spirit --not some mysticalsoulfulness that nobody can define, but the spirit of man, that has been a million years -- a growing one.13. Which one of the following can be the best title of this passage?14. What is the author's opinion?15. What does the author imply?研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(二)(模拟试卷的听力部分没有编辑录音)Non-English Major Graduate Student English (Model) Qualifying Test请查看答案PAPER ONEII. VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section ADirections: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one ward or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine scoring Answer Sheet.16. The President's greatest asset was his reputation for honesty.a deceptionb advantage。