达尔文 英文
达尔文简介
产生背景 在文艺复兴以及思想启蒙之后，现代科学的理性 思维已经建立起来。达尔文的时代是十九世纪中 后期，正是走出蒙昧，提倡科学的前一阶段，在 思想和理性上，为达尔文创立自然选择进化论提 供了思想依据；而青年时的远游，则为他积累了 大量的实据，引发了他关于物种进化的思考并最 终形成一个完整的体系。
达尔文著作
《物种起源》（或译为《物种原始》）（全名 《物竞天择，适者生存之物种起源论》） （英文：《On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection》 或 《the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life》）， 是达尔文论述生物演化的重要著作，出版于 1859年。该书大概是19世纪最具争议的著作， 其中的观点大多数为当今的科学界普遍接受。
在考察过程中，达尔文根据物种的变化， 整日？他们为什么 会千变万化？彼此之间有什么联系？这些 问题在脑海里越来越深刻，逐渐使他对神 创论和物种不变论产生了怀疑。
后来，达尔文又随船横渡太平洋，经过澳大利亚， 越过印度洋，绕过好望角，于1836年10月回到 英国。在历时五年的环球考察中，达尔文积累了 大量的资料。回国之后，他一面整理这些资料， 一面又深入实践，同时，查阅大量书籍，为他的 生物进化理论寻找根据。1842年，他第一次写出 《物种起源》的简要提纲。1859年11月达尔文 经过20多年研究而写成的科学巨著《物种起源》 终于出版了。在这部书里，达尔文旗帜鲜明地提 出了“进化论”的思想，说明物种是在不断的变 化之中，是由低级到高级、由简单到复杂的演变 过程。
人物基本信息
中文名：达尔文 英文名：Charles Robert Darwin 家乡：英国施鲁斯伯里镇 性别：男 国籍：英国 出生年月：1809年2月12日 去世年月：1882年4月19日 职业：科学 博物学家，生物学 家 毕业院校：爱丁堡大学，剑桥 大学成就：英国的博物学家 生物学家呢！进化论的奠基人。 重要事件：1859年 发表《物 种起源》。 名言：1.乐观是希望的明灯， 它指引着你从危险峡谷中步向 坦途，使你得到新的生命新的 希望，支持着你的理想永不泯 灭。 2.寿命的缩短与思想的虚耗成 正比。 3.敢于浪费哪怕一个钟头时间 的人，说明他还不懂得珍惜时 间的全部价值。 代表作品：《物种起源》;《人 类的由来和性选择》;《动物和 植物在家养下的变异》;《人类 和动物的表情》
达尔文英文简介
达尔文英文简介Charles Robert Darwin, February 12, 1809 - April 19, 1882, British biologist, founder of evolution. Has been riding the Berger ship for 5 years of global voyage, animal and plant andgeological structure, such as a large number of observation and collection. Published the "origin of species", put forward the theory of biological evolution, which destroyed a variety ofidealistic gods and species invariance theory. In addition to biology, his theory of anthropology, psychology, philosophy development can not be ignored. Engels ranked "evolutionism" as one ofthe three discoveries of the natural sciences of the 19th century the other two are the theories of cytology, conservation of energy and have an outstanding contribution to mankind.On April 19, 1882, Darwin died at the village of Dawen at 73 years old and was buried in Westminster Abbey.Darwin himself said, "The main fun and the only thing I have in my life is my scientific work, and some of the most important scientific achievementsthat have been studied directly in thetrip." For example, the famous " Study diary "and" Berger geology "," Berger's zoology "and so on. In his writings, the significance of "the origin of species", which is of particularhistorical significance, shows the progressive development of Darwin's theory of evolution and the theory of natural selection. The publication of the "origin of species" is a world event,because the publication of the "origin of species" marks the deepest view of the vast majority of learned people in the nineteenth century about the position of the biology and human beings inthe biological world The change. The publication of the "origin of species" has led to the violent attacks on the Darwinian doctrines of the scientists and the telepathic scientists who arethe overwhelming majority, and have also led to the corresponding struggle to maintain Darwinism and actively participate in this There was a progressive naturalist in addition to theDarwinese, who had been a strong supporter of Darwinism everywhere.After graduating from Cambridge University in 1831, his teacher Henslow recommended him as a "naturalist" identity to participate in the same year onDecember 27 British Navy "beagle" shiparound the world scientific expedition sailing. First in the South America on the east coast of Brazil, Argentina and other places and the west coast and adjacent islands on the inspection, andthen across the Pacific Ocean to Oceania, and then across the Indian Ocean to South Africa, and then around the Cape Atlantic by the Atlantic backto Brazil, and finally in October 1836 Dayback to England. When he traveled around the world with the Beagle, he carried a few birds, and in order to feed the birds, he planted a grass called grass. The cabin was dark and only thewindows were transmitted into the sun, and Darwin noticed that the grass seedlings were bent and grown in the direction of the window. But in the last few decades, Darwin was busy creating thetheory of evolution until his later years before proceeding with aseries of experimental studies on the issue of light, which was summed up inthe book "Plant Movement" published in 1880.Darwin is using the seeds of grass to do these experiments. When the seeds of the grass germinate, the germs are covered with a layer of coleoptile, and the germs are first ground and the germsare protected from damage when they are unearthed. Darwin found that the coleoptile was the key to light. If the seeds are planted in the dark, their coleoptiles will grow vertically upwards.If the sun shines from one side of the seedlings, the sheath is bent in the direction of the sun. If the tip of the sheath is cut off, or covered with opaque things, although the light can alsoshoot the sheath, the sheath is no longer bending to the light. If the coleoptile is covered with transparent things, the coleoptile is bent towardthe light, and even if the sheath is buriedwith opaque black sand, leaving only the tip, the buried sheath is still bent toward the light. Darwin speculates that a signal substance is secretedat the tip of the coleoptile and istransported down to the curved part, which causes the sheath to bend the sheath.The sailing changed the life of Darwin. After returning to England, he has been busy studying, determined to become a serious scientist to promote evolution. In 1838, he accidentally read T.Malthus's "theory of population", inspired by it, more certain that heis developing a very important idea: the world is not created within a week,the earth is older than the "Bible" Most ofthe animals and plants are changed, and still continue to change among the human, may be changed from a primitive animal, that is, Adam and Eve story is simply myth. Darwin realized that thesurvival struggle in the meaning of biological life, and realized that natural conditions is necessary for biological evolution of the "choice", the specific natural conditions are different,the choice is different, the choice of the results are not the same.However, he was extremely cautious about the results of his research. In 1842, he began to write an outline, after which it extended to several articles. In 1858, Darwin decided to submit theWallace article and his own part of the manuscript to the professional committee, in the light of the creative epiphany of the young naturalist R. Wallace. In 1859, "the origin of species," abook came out, the first edition of 1250 that day sold out. After Darwin spent twenty years collecting information to enrich his species through the natural selection of the theory ofevolution, and elaborate its consequences and significance.As a non-fist but creative man, Darwin avoided the controversy over his theory. Darwin wrote several books for scientists and psychologists when religious fanatical attack evolution wascontrary to the creation of the Bible. The book "The Origin and Sex of Mankind" reports evidence of the evolution of mankind from the lower form of life, the evidence of the similarity ofanimal and human mental processes, and the evidence of natural selection in the evolutionary process.On April 19, 1882, the great scientist died of illness, and his body was buried at the tomb of Newton to express his admiration for the scientist.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
达尔文和他的进化论 英文 Darwin and his masterpiece 《The Origin of Species 》
1855: begin to write something about the evolution
1859: He published his book 《On the Origin of Species》
Its full title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life，Darwin‘s book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection 。
1809:Charles Robert Darwin was born in Shrewsbury , Shropshire , England 1825～1827:as an apprentice doctor in the University of Edinburgh Medical School 1828～1831: Christ's College, Cambridge 1831～1836: the voyage lasted almost five years 1855: begin to write something about the evolution 1859: He published his book On the Origin of Species 1882: died and buried in Westminster Abbey ,close to John Herschel and Isaac Newton , he was one of only five nineteenth-century non-royal personages from the United Kingdom to be honoured by a state funeral(国葬)
达尔文简介
我们为什么要纪念达尔文
2009年 2009年2月12日是查尔斯达尔文诞辰200周年纪念日. 12日是查尔斯达尔文诞辰200周年纪念日. 150年前的1859年,达尔文出版了震动当时学术界的《 150年前的1859年,达尔文出版了震动当时学术界的《物种 起源》 起源》,提出了生物进化论学说,从而摧毁了各种唯心的神 造论和物种不变论.除了生物学外,他的理论对人类学,心 理学及哲学的发展都有不容忽视的影响. 达尔文从一名神学学生到进化论奠基人的"进化",是植根 于实践的科学精神在他个人身上的体现和胜利.他提出的对 人类社会产生巨大影响的进化论观点,也一直在不断更新的 科学实践中进化着自身.
当时别人讽刺达尔文的漫画
达尔文一生大事
1809年 1809年2月12日 查尔斯达尔文出生 12日 查尔斯 在英国施鲁斯伯里镇. 1817年 1817年 妈妈去世. 1817年～1825年 1817年～1825年 在施鲁斯伯里私立 中学就读. 1825年～1827年 1825年～1827年 在苏格兰爱丁堡大 学攻读医学. 1828年～1831年 1828年～1831年 在英国剑桥大学就 读. 1831年～1836年 1831年～1836年 随贝格尔号军舰环 球考察. 1837年 1837年 开始写作第一本物种演变笔 记. 1838年 阅读托马斯马尔萨斯的著作 1838年 阅读托马斯马尔萨斯的著作 《人口论》. 人口论》 1839年 月,与爱玛 1839年1月,与爱玛韦奇伍德结婚; 12月,儿子威廉出生;严重疾病的 12月,儿子威廉出生;严重疾病的 第一阶段. 1839年～1843年 1839年～1843年 编纂五卷本巨著 《贝格尔号航行期内的动物志》. 贝格尔号航行期内的动物志》 1842年 1842年 移居到伦敦郊外的达温宅. 1842～1846年 撰写三卷本著作《 1842～1846年 撰写三卷本著作《贝 格尔号航行期内的地质学》 格尔号航行期内的地质学》. 1844年 1844年 撰写未发表的阐述进化论的 论文. 1846年～1855年 1846年～1855年 就藤壶问题进行研 究写作. 1848年 1848年 父亲去世;健康状况不佳并 持续很长时间.女儿安妮去世. 1855年 开始撰写关于进化论的主要 1855年 开始撰写关于进化论的主要 著作. 1858年 1858年 伦敦林奈学会宣读达尔文和 华莱士合作的关于进化论的论文. 1859年 发表《物种起源》 1859年 发表《物种起源》. 1860年 1860年 英国科学促进会年会在牛津 大学关于进化问题的大辩论. 1863年～1865年 1863年～1865年 病情延续. 1868年 发表《 1868年 发表《家养动物和培育植物 的变异》 的变异》. 19世纪70年代 发表五部关于植物的 19世纪70年代 著作. 1871年 发表《人类起源和性选择》 1871年 发表《人类起源和性选择》. 1872年 发表《 1872年 发表《人类和动物情感的表 达》 1881年 1881年 发表关于蚯蚓的著作. 1882年 1882年 4月19日,达尔文在达温宅 19日,达尔文在达温宅 逝世;厚葬于威斯敏斯特大教堂, 一颗生物学巨星陨落了.
达尔文英文名言
达尔文英文名言导读：1、我不能忍受游手好闲，因此，我以为只要我能够做，我就会继续做下去。
I can't bear to idle around, so I thought that as long as I could do it, I would continue to do it.2、发现每一个新的群体在形式上都是数学的，因为我们不可能有其他的指导。
It is found that every new group is mathematically formal, because we can not have any other guidance.3、寿命的缩短与思想的虚耗成正比。
The shortening of life is directly proportional to the cost of thought.4、我耐心地回忆或思考任何悬而不决的问题，甚至连费数年时间亦在所不惜。
I patiently recall or ponder any suspending issues, and even spend years in it.5、谈到名声、荣誉、快乐、财富这些东西，如果同友情相比，它们都是尘土。
When it comes to fame, honor, happiness and wealth, they are dust if compared with friendship.6、我之所以能在科学上成功，最重要的一点就是对科学的热爱，坚持长期探索。
The most important reason for my success in science is my love of science and my persistence in long-term exploration.7、敢于浪费自己生命当中一小时的人，尚未发现生命的价值。
The man who dares to waste one hour of his life has not discovered the value of life.8、讲到名望、荣誉、享乐、财富等，如果拿来和友谊的热情相比，这一切都不过是尘土而已。
达尔文和他的进化论英文
The theory of evolution
Darwin’s theory of evolution
❖ Brief introduction ❖ Three features of evolution ❖ Influence
Darwin’s theory of evolution is also called Darwinism. It is about the idea that all plants and animals develop gradually from simpler to more complicated forms by natural selection, which is the process by which only plants and animals that are naturally suitable for life in their environment will continue to live, while all others will die.
Three feathers
❖ The Premise ——all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor
❖ Natural selection—— acts to preserve and accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations(变异）.
1882: died and buried in Westminster Abbey ,close to Newton , he was one of only five nineteenth-century non-royal personages from the United Kingdom to be honoured by a state funeral(国葬)
达尔文英文介绍
1. Darwin (1809-1882)
Des îles du Cap-Vert jusqu’aux Açores, en passant par les cô tes sud-amé ricaines, Tahiti, l’Australie et le Cap, la croisière se prolonge jusqu’en octobre 1836. Darwin amasse une somme considé rable d’observations en géologie et en biologie. Il s’intéresse aux diverses formations gé ologiques des îles et des continents et recense une grande variété d’espèces fossiles et vivantes.
A son retour, Darwin poursuit ses recherches ; un hé ritage familial le mettant à l’abri du besoin. Il compare alors ses donné es avec les thé ories qui circulent. Il a observé les variations des espè ces animales, et se convainc que ces dernières peuvent se transformer, à partir des espè ces les plus simples aux plus complexes. L’idée n’était pas nouvelle car déjà Lamarck l’avait formulée (1744-1829). De plus, son explication du « comment» se produit cette transformation s’inspire largement de la thé orie de Malthus (17661834).
达尔文中英文简介
达尔文（Darwin）查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文（1809.2.12-1882.4.19），英国著名生物学家、博物学家、生物进化论的奠基人。
1859年出版了《物种起源》，提出了生物进化论学说。
Charles Robert Darwin（1809.2.12-1882.4.19）is a famous British biologist and naturalist, the founder of the Theory of Evolution. In 1859, he published The Origin of Species, and put forward the Theory of Biological Evolution.胡蒂拉（Hutÿra）费兰（伦）茨·胡蒂（吉）拉（1860.？.？-1934.？.？），匈牙利籍世界著名兽医学家，匈牙利皇家兽医学院院长。
在结核病、马鼻疽、猪沙门氏菌病等传染病研究方面具有重要贡献较大。
首著并与马立克等续著的《家畜病理学和治疗学》，曾翻译成12种语言作为大学教材使用了五十余年。
Ferenc Hutÿr a（1860.？.？–1934.？.？），A world-famous Hungarian veterinary scientist, rector of the Hungarian Royal College of Veterinary Science, among others a researcher of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, glanders and hog cholera. With J. Marek he was the author of a major handbook on the pathology and therapy of domestic animals translated into 12 languages and used as a textbook by several generations of veterinarians.。
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Galapogos, 1835
Portrayed as a “Eureka” experience. Actually, was hugely homesick Did not recognise significance until back in England, 1837.
பைடு நூலகம்he Beagle
Only 90 foot long, but carrying 74 people.
Joining the Beagle Voyage
Not paid for 5 years on Beagle. Actually, he had to pay! Was lucky to get on
Contribution to style of science
Pre-Darwin, science was done in homage to God Was primarily descriptive Deduction and theorising was disparaged as “speculation” Darwin used detailed observation to explore much larger questions - helped change scientific methods
Transformed attitudes of humanity to our place in the universe
Not just an evolutionist
Not even a biologist to start with Collected beetles for fun Studied geology more seriously Considered himself a geologist throughout the Beagle voyage and for some time after Famous for working out how coral atolls are formed
His books (not just on evolution)
Beagle voyage Coral reefs Volcanic islands Geology of South America Barnacles Species Man
Emotions Climbing plants Domestication Cross and self fertilisation Orchids Worms Autobiography
Darwin was mis-credited
Died famous for evolution (which was not his idea) Natural selection not widely accepted, even among his supporters Darwin remained convinced Only 40-50 years later did scientists appreciate his foresight.
Lifeline
Born 1809 Study (Edinburgh and Cambridge) 1825-1831 Voyage of the Beagle 1831-36 Retired to Down 1842 The Origin of Species 1859 Died 1882 Darwin’s home at Down, near London
Darwin’s achievements
Transformed biological science
Both style and content Still the cornerstone of biology Now the cutting edge of psychology
Natural selection
Developed theory in complete isolation In face of violent opposition With no knowledge of genetics With no knowledge of DNA With no knowledge of plate tectonics With no observations of natural selection actually occurring
Surprising truths about Charles Darwin
David Pannell
University of Western Australia
Just a bloke with a good idea?
I was interested in evolution but not in Darwin Eventually read Adrian Desmond and James Moore (1991) “Darwin”
Not first to propose evolution
French tradition
Jean-Baptiste Lamark Etienne Geoffroy St Hilaire
Erasmus Darwin (Grandfather) Robert Grant (Mentor) Was expounded in a popular book (“Vestiges”) 15 years before “Origin”
replaced someone who was shot in a duel his father opposed him going
Mainly asked because of his class, to keep Captain Fitzroy company It was the making of him