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2012年全国统一高考英语试卷(新课标)

2012年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）1．（1.5分）Where does this conversation probably take place（发生）？A．In the hospital．B．In a classroomC．In a library．2．（1.5分）At what time will the film begin？A.7：20B.7：15C.7：00．3．（1.5分）What are the two speakers mainly talking about？A．Their friend Jane．B．A weekend trip．C．A radio programme．4．（1.5分）What will the woman probably do？A．Catch a train．B．See the man off．C．Go shopping．5．（1.5分）why did the woman apologize？A．She made a late deliveryB．She went to the wrong placeC．She couldn't take the cake back．6．（3分）6．Whose CD is broken？A．Kathy's．B．Mum's．C．Jack's．7．What does the boy promise to do for the girl？A．Buy her a new CD．B．Do some cleaning．C．Give her 10 dollars．8．（3分）听第7段材料，回答第8至9题．8．What did the man think of the meal？A．Just so﹣so．B．Quite satisfactory．C．A bit disappointing．9．What was the 15% on the bill paid for？A．The food．B．The drinks．C．The service．10．（4.5分）听一面一段对话，回答第10和第12三个小题．10．Why is the man at the shop？A．To order a camera for his wifeB．To have a camera repairedC．To get a camera changed11．What colour does the man want？A．Pink．B．Black．C．Orange．12．What will the man do afterwards？A..Make a phone callB．Wait until further noticeC．Come again the next day．13．（6分）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题．13．What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday？A．Go to a play．B．Stay at home．C．Visit Kingston．14．What is Ariel going to do in Toronto？A．Attend a party．B．Meet her aunt．C．See a car show．I5．Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave？A．To call up Betty．B．To buy some DVDs．C．To pick up Daniel．16．What might be the relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates．B．Fellow workers．C．Guide and tourist．17．（6分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．Where does Thomas Manning work？A．In the Guinness Company．B．At a radio station．C．In a museum．18．Where did the idea of a book of records come from？A．A bird﹣shooting trip．B．A visit to Europe．C．A television talk show．19．When did Sir Hugh's first book of recordsA．In 1875．B．In 1950．C．In 1955．20．What are the two speakers going to talk about next？A．More records of unusual facts．B．The founder of the company．C．The oldest person in the world．第二部分英语知识运用（共两节.满分 1.5分）第一节单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）21．（1分）﹣Which one of these do you want？﹣_______Either will do．（）A．I don't mind B．I'm sure C．No problem D．Go ahead 22．（1分）Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction．（）A．不填；a B．a；the C．the；不填D．the；a23．（1分）"Life is like walking in the snow"，Granny used to say，"because every step （）A．has shown B．is showing C．shows D．showed24．（1分）It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what25．（1分）I don't believe we've met before，I must say you do look familiar．（）A．therefore B．although C．since D．unless26．（1分）The result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much （）A．the best B．best C．better D．the better27．（1分）Mary is really good at taking notes in class．She can almost every word her teacher says．（）A．put out B．put down C．put away D．put together28．（1分）The party will be held in the garden，weather（）A．permitting B．to permit C．permitted D．permit29．（1分）This restaurant wasn't that other restaurant we went to．（）A．half as good as B．as half good asC．as good as half D．good as half as30．（1分）I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house．（）A．couldn't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．needn't31．（1分）Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but of them wants to，because they have work to do．（）A．either B．any C．neither D．none32．（1分）Film has a much shorter history，especially when such art forms as music and painting．（）A．having compared to B．comparing toC．compare to D．compared to33．（1分）I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes．（）A．swim B．swum C．swam D．had swum34．（1分）You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you （）A．so B．or C．and D．but35．（1分）If she doesn't want to go，nothing you can say will her．（）A．persuade B．promise C．invite D．support第二节完形填空（共20小.：每小1.5分.满分30分）阅读下面短文.从短文后各题所给的四个选项《A、B.C和D》中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑．36．（30分）Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks （36）than words．According to specialists，our bodies send out more（37）than we realize．In fact，non﹣verbal（非语言）communication takes up about 50% of what we really（38）．And body language is particularly（39）when we attempt to communicate across cultures．Indeed，what is called body language is so（40），a part of us that it's actually often（42）unnoticed．And misunderstandings occur as a result of it．（41），different societies treat the，between people differently．Northern Europeans usually do not like having（43），contact（接触）even with friends，and certainly not with（44）．People from Latin American countries（45），touch each other quite a lot．Therefore，it's possible that in（46），it may look like a Latino is（47） a Norwegian all over the room．The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving．The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep （49）﹣which the Latino will in return regard as（50）．Clearly，a great deal is going on when people（51）．And only a partof it is in the wards themselves．And when parties are from（52）cultures，there's a strong possibility of（53）．But whatever the situation，the best（54）is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be（55）．36．A．straighter B．louder C．harder D．further 37．A．sands B．invitations C．feelings D．messages 38．A．hope B．receive C．discover D．mean 39．A．immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult 40．A．we11 B．far C．much D．long 41．A．For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 42．A．trade B．distance C．connections D．greetings 43．A．eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone 44．A．strangers B．Relatives C．neighbours D．enemies45．A．in other words B．on the otherhandC．in a similar way D．by allmeans46．A．trouble B．conversation C．silence D．experiment 47．A．disturbing B．Helping C．guiding D．following 48．A．closer B．faster C．in D．away49．A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．comingout50．A．weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness 51．A．talk B．travel C．laugh D．think 52．A．different B．European C．Latino D．rich53．A．curiosity B．excitement C．misunderstanding D．nervou sness54．A．chance B．time C．result D．advice 55．A．noticed B．treated C．respected D．pleased第三部分阅读理解（共4小题，每小题8分，满分32分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项.并在答且卡上将该项涂黑．56．（8分）Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids （孩子）to？Try some of these places•Visit art museums．They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest．Many offer workshops for making land﹣made pieces，traveling exhibits，book signings by children's favorite writer，and even musical performances and other arts．•H ead to a natural history museum．This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur（恐龙）models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky．Also，ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up．•Go to a Youtheater．Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors．Pre﹣show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts．Puppet（木偶）making and stage make﹣up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find．•Try hands﹣on science．Visit one of the many hands﹣on science museums around the country．These science play﹣lands are great fun for kids and grown﹣ups alike．They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons，experimenting，and building．When everyone is tired，enjoy a fun family science show，commonly found in these museums．56．If a child is interested in the universe，he probably will visit．A．a YoutheaterB．an art museumC．a natural history museumD．a hands﹣on science museum57．What can kids do at a Youtheater？．A．Look at rock collections．B．See dinosaur models．C．Watch puppet making．D．Give performances．58．What does"hands﹣on science"mean in the last paragraph？A．Science games designed by kids．B．Learning science by doing things．C．A show of kids' science work．D．Reading science books．59．Where does this text probably come from？A．A science textbook．B．A tourist map．C．A museum guide．D．A news report．60．（8分）Honey（蜂蜜）from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar，it is also delicious．Most people，and many animals，like eating it．However，the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees 'nest（巢）and take the honey from it．Often，these nests are high up in trees，and it is difficult to find them．In parts of Africa，though，people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide．The honey guide does not actually like honey，but it does like the wax （蜂蜡）in the beehives （蜂房）．The little bird cannot reach this wax，which is deep inside the bees' nest．So，when it finds a suitable nest，it looks for someone to help it．The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people．Once it has their attention，it flies through the forest，waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest．When they finally arrive at the nest，the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches．Some of the honey，and the wax，always falls to the ground，and this is when the honey guide takes its share．Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax，but it is very determined in its efforts to get it．The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away．They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives，and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit．60．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest？A．It's small in size．B．It's hidden in trees．C．It's covered with wax．D．It's hard to recognize．61．What do the words"the follower"in Paragraph 2 refer to？A．A bee．B．A bird．C．A honey seeker．D．A beekeeper．62．The honey guide is special in the way．A．it gets its foodB．it goes to churchC．it sings in the forestD．it reaches into bees' nests63．What can be the best title for the text？A．Wild BeesB．Wax and HoneyC．Beekeeping in AfricaD．Honey﹣Lover's Helper．64．（6分）About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film﹣studio（影棚）to take part in a crowd﹣scene．Although our"act"would last only for a short time，we could see quite a number of interesting things．We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene，setting up trees at the edge of a winding path．Very soon，bright lights were turned on and the big movie﹣camera was wheeled intoposition．The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby．Since it was hot in the studio，it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path．A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him，and soon the trees were covered in"snow"．Two more fans were turned on，and a"strong wind"blew through the trees．The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold．The next scene was a complete contrast （对比）．The way it was filmed was quite unusual．Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen （幕）．An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island．By a simple trick like this，palm trees，sandy beaches，and blue，clear skies had been brought into the studio!Since it was our turn next，we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us．For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film"stars"!64．Who is the author？A．A cameraman．B．A film director．C．A crowd﹣scene actor．D．A workman for scene setting．65．What made the author feel cold？A．The heavy snowfall．B．The man﹣made scene．C．The low temperature．D．The film being shown．66．What would happen in the"three minutes"mentioned in the last paragraph？A．A new scene would be filmed．B．More stars would act in the film．C．The author would leave the studio．D．The next scene would be prepared．67．（10分）Grown﹣ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since．A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water．He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away．He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son．A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins"Twinkle，twinkle，little star"or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears．One explanation is the law of over learning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned something，additional learning trials（尝试）increase the length of time we will remember it．In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them．We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as"Twinkle，twinkle，little star"and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks．We not only learn but over learn．The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we over learn in childhood．The law of over learning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course．By cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned．A little over learning，on the other hand，is really necessary for one's future development．67．What is the main idea of paragraph I？A．People remember well what they learned in childhood．B．Children have a better memory than grown﹣ups．C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words．D．Stories for children arc easy to remember．68．The author explains the law of over learning by．A．presenting research findingsB．selling down general rulesC．making a comparisonD．using examples69．According to the author，being able to use multiplication tables is．A．a result of over learningB．a special case of crammingC．a skill to deal with math problemsD．a basic step towards advanced studies70．What does the word"they"in Paragraph 4refer to？A．Commonly accepted rules．B．The multiplication tables．C．Things easily forgotten．D．School subjects．71．What is the author's opinion on cramming？A．It leads to failure in college exams．B．It's helpful only in a limited way．C．It's possible to result in poor memory．D．It increases students' learning interest．第二节（共1小题，每小题10分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.71．（10分）Kids' health：Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time to time．（71）Some ways of dealing with stress﹣like screaming or hitting someone﹣don't solve（解决）much．But other ways，like talking to someone you trust，can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better．Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：（1）Get support．When you need help，reach out to the people who care about you．Talk to a trusted adult，such as a parent or other relatives．（72）They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test，or the death of a beloved pet．（2）Don't take it out on yourself．Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves．Oh，dear，that's not a good idea．Remember that there are always people to help you．Don't take it out on yourself．（73）（3）Try to solve the problem．After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends，it's time to get down to business．（74）Even if you can't solve it all，you can solve a piece of it．（4）Be positive．Most stress is temporary （暂时的）．Remember stress does go away，especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it．These steps aren't magic，but they do work．And if you can stay positive as you make（5）your way through a tough time，you'll help yourself feel better even faster．（75）A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation．B．Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them．C．Different people feel stress in different ways．D．Ah，it feels so good when the stress is gone．E．You need to figure out what the problem is．F．And don't forget about your friends．G．Then，find a way to calm down．第四部分写作（共两节，满分10分）第一节短文改错（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）76．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive．From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy．I was happy when the toys worked，but when things did wrong，I got angry and broke it．For a while parents bought me new toys．But before long they beganto see which was happening．When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，"That's it．No more toys to you．"My punishment lasted a year．Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last．My attitude changed from then on．第二节书面表达（满分25分）（注意：在试题卷上作答无效）77．（25分）假定你是李华，从互联网（the Internet）上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡（Singapore）举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加．请写一封电子邮件申请参加．内容主要包括：1．自我介绍（包括英语能力）；2．参加意图（介绍中国、了解其他国家）；3．希望获准．注意：1．词数100左右：2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯3．邮件开头和结尾已为你写好．Dear Sir or Madam，Regards，Li Hua．2012年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标）参考答案与试题解析第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）1．（1.5分）（2012•山东）Where does this conversation probably take place（发生）？A．In the hospital．B．In a classroomC．In a library．【解答】C2．（1.5分）（2012•山东）At what time will the film begin？A.7：20B.7：15C.7：00．3．（1.5分）（2012•山东）What are the two speakers mainly talking about？A．Their friend Jane．B．A weekend trip．C．A radio programme．【解答】B4．（1.5分）（2012•山东）What will the woman probably do？A．Catch a train．B．See the man off．C．Go shopping．【解答】C5．（1.5分）（2012•山东）why did the woman apologize？A．She made a late deliveryB．She went to the wrong placeC．She couldn't take the cake back．【解答】A6．（3分）（2012•新课标）6．Whose CD is broken？A．Kathy's．B．Mum's．C．Jack's．7．What does the boy promise to do for the girl？A．Buy her a new CD．B．Do some cleaning．C．Give her 10 dollars．8．（3分）（2012•新课标）听第7段材料，回答第8至9题．8．What did the man think of the meal？A．Just so﹣so．B．Quite satisfactory．C．A bit disappointing．9．What was the 15% on the bill paid for？A．The food．B．The drinks．C．The service．【解答】BC10．（4.5分）（2012•山东）听一面一段对话，回答第10和第12三个小题．10．Why is the man at the shop？A．To order a camera for his wifeB．To have a camera repairedC．To get a camera changed11．What colour does the man want？A．Pink．B．Black．C．Orange．12．What will the man do afterwards？A..Make a phone callB．Wait until further noticeC．Come again the next day．【解答】C/A/B13．（6分）（2012•新课标）听第9段材料，回答第13至16题．13．What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday？A．Go to a play．B．Stay at home．C．Visit Kingston．14．What is Ariel going to do in Toronto？A．Attend a party．B．Meet her aunt．C．See a car show．I5．Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave？A．To call up Betty．B．To buy some DVDs．C．To pick up Daniel．16．What might be the relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates．B．Fellow workers．C．Guide and tourist．17．（6分）（2012•新课标）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．Where does Thomas Manning work？A．In the Guinness Company．B．At a radio station．C．In a museum．18．Where did the idea of a book of records come from？A．A bird﹣shooting trip．B．A visit to Europe．C．A television talk show．19．When did Sir Hugh's first book of recordsA．In 1875．B．In 1950．C．In 1955．20．What are the two speakers going to talk about next？A．More records of unusual facts．B．The founder of the company．C．The oldest person in the world．第二部分英语知识运用（共两节.满分 1.5分）第一节单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）21．（1分）（2012•新课标）﹣Which one of these do you want？﹣_______Either will do．（）A．I don't mind B．I'm sure C．No problem D．Go ahead【分析】句意：﹣﹣你想要哪一个？﹣﹣﹣（两个）随便哪一个都行．【解答】答案A．B项"我肯定"；C项"没问题"；D项"1．表示同意对方的请求，根据情况可译为：说吧，做吧，开始吧，进行吧．2．表示请对方继续说、继续做等，通常可译为：继续…吧．3．表示请对方先走或先做某事，其意为：你先走一步，你先请"．A项"我不介意"；根据句意"（两个）随便哪一个都行"可知，并不介意．因此A项符合语境，故选A．22．（1分）（2012•新课标）Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction．（）A．不填；a B．a；the C．the；不填D．the；a【分析】Sarah满意地看着那幅已画完的画．【解答】第一空特指"已经画完的画"；第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为：满意地，作状语．此处satisfaction为抽象名词，在此短语中不用冠词．选C．23．（1分）（2012•新课标）"Life is like walking in the snow"，Granny used to say，"because every step （）A．has shown B．is showing C．shows D．showed【分析】奶奶过去常常说："生活就像在雪中行走，每一步都显示出来（一步一个脚印）"．【解答】答案C．这题是直接引用了过去奶奶常常说的一句话，句子的内容是生活哲理．所以用一般现在时．故答案选C．24．（1分）（2012•新课标）It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike．（）A．how B．which C．that D．what【分析】总统会做什么来结束这场罢工根本不清楚．【解答】题干中by no means表示"绝不"相当于一个否定词．所以题干就可以简化为句型"it+be （not）+adj．+引导词+从句"，即it 为形式主语的主语从句．简化从句，去掉目的状语to end the strike后，可以很清楚地看出从句中谓语动词do后缺少宾语，即所要填的引导词充当宾语成分．在主语从句中how充当方式状语，that不充当成分，A和C都可直接排除．which和what虽然都可以充当宾语，但它们的区别就在于，which表示有范围的选择"哪一个"，而what没有范围表示"什么"．根据句意，该题没有可供选择的范围，故排除B，所以选择D．25．（1分）（2012•新课标）I don't believe we've met before，I must say you do look familiar．（）A．therefore B．although C．since D．unless【分析】虽然我相信以前我们没见过面，但是我必须说你看上去很熟悉．【解答】答案：BA项"因此"；B项"尽管，虽然"；C项"既然，自从"；D项"除非"．因为主句的"don't believe"与从句的"do look familiar"意思相反，前后意思转折，所以用表转折的连词，故选B项．26．（1分）（2012•新课标）The result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much （）A．the best B．best C．better D．the better【分析】结果对于我们来说并不重要，但是如果我们真的赢了，那就更好了．【解答】答案D．So much the better常常和if条件句连用，意为"如果…那就更好了"，其反义短语为so much the worse，意思是那就更糟糕了．故选D．27．（1分）（2012•新课标）Mary is really good at taking notes in class．She can almost every word her teacher says．（）A．put out B．put down C．put away D．put together【分析】句意：Mary非常擅长在课堂上做笔记，她几乎能记下老师所说的每一个词．【解答】答案B．A项表示"扑灭，生产，出版"；C项表示"把…收起，放好，储存"；D项表示"把…放在一起，组合"；B项表示"写下，记下，放下，镇压"；根据句意，B项与题意相符．故答案选B．28．（1分）（2012•新课标）The party will be held in the garden，weather （）A．permitting B．to permit C．permitted D．permit【分析】如果天气允许的话，晚会就在花园里召开．【解答】答案A 属于独立主格结构．因为句子的主语是the party，而permit的逻辑主语是weather，构成独立主格结构．permit与weather之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语．所以选A．29．（1分）（2012•新课标）This restaurant wasn't that other restaurant we went to．（）A．half as good as B．as half good asC．as good as half D．good as half as【分析】这家餐厅不如我去的其他餐厅那么好．【解答】倍数表达法：倍数as 形容词/副词原级as；本题的half就是倍数，故A正确30．（1分）（2012•新课标）I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house．（）A．couldn't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．needn't【分析】句意：因为每天早晨六点钟火车都要从我家旁边经过，因此我没有必要使用闹钟．【解答】答案D．选项A couldn't"不可能"；选项B mustn't"禁止"；选项C shouldn't"不应该"选项D needn't"不必，没必要"．结合句子的意思"我没有必要使用闹钟"，D项符合语境，故选D．31．（1分）（2012•新课标）Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but of them wants to，because they have work to do．（）A．either B．any C．neither D．none【分析】Larry请求Bill和Peter和他去野餐，但是他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做．【解答】None指三个或者三个以上中一个也没有；any一些；either 两者中的一个；neither指两者都不．根据句意说明Bill和Peter这两个人都不想去，表示两者都不．故C正确．32．（1分）（2012•新课标）Film has a much shorter history，especially when such art forms as music and painting．（）A．having compared to B．comparing toC．compare to D．compared to【分析】电影的历史很短，尤其是它跟音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式比较时．【解答】答案：D此句是一个省略句．当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，而且从句又有it is时，常常省略it is．补充完整为：when it is compared to such…因此应该用过去分词，是被动语态．故D项正确．33．（1分）（2012•新课标）I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes．（）A．swim B．swum C．swam D．had swum【分析】我一整个下午都在做数学题，那些数字在我的眼前转．【解答】答案C．在整个题目中，and 连接两个并列句，前面的句子使用的是过去完成时表示过去一直在学习数学，由语境可知，空白处表示的是发生在过去的一个动作，应该用一般过去时，故选C．34．（1分）（2012•新课标）You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you（）A．so B．or C．and D．but【分析】你得（从这条路上）走开，否则这部货车没法从你旁边经过．【解答】你得（从这条路上）走开，后面表示"结果"﹣﹣这辆车无法从你身边经过，可知后面为结果状语从句，排除C，D．而根据句意，前后有转折关系，表示"要不然，否则"．故选B35．（1分）（2012•新课标）If she doesn't want to go，nothing you cansay will her．（）A．persuade B．promise C．invite D．support【分析】句意：如果她不想去，你说什么都不能说服她．【解答】答案：A A项"说服"；B"许诺"；C"邀请"；D"支持"．因为"she doesn't want to go"，所以"persuade"是没有用的．故选A项．第二节完形填空（共20小.：每小1.5分.满分30分）阅读下面短文.从短文后各题所给的四个选项《A、B.C和D》中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项小涂黑．36．（30分）（2012•新课标）Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all!It speaks （36）louder than words．According to specialists，our bodies send out more（37）messages than we realize．In fact，non﹣verbal（非语言）communication takes up about 50% of what we really（38）mean．And body language is particularly（39）important when we attempt to communicate across cultures．Indeed，what is called body language is so（40）much，a part of us that it's actually often（42）unnoticed．And misunderstandings occur as a result of it．（41）For example，different societies treat the distance，between people differently．Northern Europeans usually do not like having（43）bodily，contact（接触）even with friends，and certainly not with（44）strangers．People fromLatin American countries（45）on the other hand，touch each other quite a lot．Therefore，it's possible that in（46）conversation，it may look like a Latino is（47）following a Norwegian all over the room．The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving closer．The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep （49）backing away﹣which the Latino will in return regard as （50）coldness．Clearly，a great deal is going on when people（51）talk．And only a part of it is in the wards themselves．And when parties are from（52）different cultures，there's a strong possibility of（53）misunderstanding．But whatever the situation，the best（54）advice is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be（55）treated．36．A．straighter B．louder C．harder D．further 37．A．sands B．invitations C．feelings D．messages 38．A．hope B．receive C．discover D．mean 39．A．immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult 40．A．we11 B．far C．much D．long 41．A．For example B．Thus C．However D．In short 42．A．trade B．distance C．connections D．greetings 43．A．eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone 44．A．strangers B．Relatives C．neighbours D．enemies45．A．in other words B．on the otherhandC．in a similar way D．by allmeans46．A．trouble B．conversation C．silence D．experiment 47．A．disturbing B．Helping C．guiding D．following 48．A．closer B．faster C．in D．away49．A．stepping forward B．going on C．backing away D．comingout50．A．weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness 51．A．talk B．travel C．laugh D．think 52．A．different B．European C．Latino D．rich53．A．curiosity B．excitement C．misunderstanding D．nervou sness54．A．chance B．time C．result D．advice 55．A．noticed B．treated C．respected D．pleased 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为身势语比言辞更有效，而身势。

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27.037.017.020.052.50.038.50.00.0 16.042.07.035.050.00.039.00.00.0 19.086.041.045.049.00.043.00.00.0 32.042.022.020.068.50.053.00.00.0 24.048.018.030.048.00.031.00.00.0 20.063.033.030.069.50.053.50.00.0 26.026.011.015.069.00.055.00.00.0 26.068.038.030.069.00.054.50.00.0 17.045.015.030.064.50.042.50.00.0 23.053.033.020.064.50.049.50.00.0 20.037.017.020.056.00.041.00.00.0 19.046.021.025.094.00.074.00.00.0 17.066.036.030.056.00.048.50.00.0 23.041.016.025.054.00.045.00.00.0 14.084.044.040.073.00.058.00.00.0 23.052.022.030.045.00.039.50.00.0 9.041.016.025.073.00.060.50.00.0 22.077.017.060.031.00.031.00.00.0 16.054.019.035.082.00.063.00.00.025.036.021.015.087.50.068.50.00.026.047.017.030.078.50.059.50.00.0 15.051.026.025.058.00.043.00.00.0 17.034.0 4.030.059.00.044.00.00.0 17.059.019.040.055.50.039.50.00.0 11.051.021.030.081.00.059.50.00.0 23.034.014.020.076.50.056.50.00.0 16.040.015.025.050.00.040.50.00.0 15.060.020.040.068.50.053.50.00.0 24.042.017.025.084.00.065.00.00.0 23.035.010.025.054.50.041.50.00.0 16.065.025.040.044.50.043.50.00.0 20.043.028.015.065.00.063.00.00.0 26.053.028.025.044.00.029.50.00.0 15.068.038.030.037.00.027.00.00.0 21.051.026.025.050.00.037.50.00.0 18.045.015.030.046.50.034.00.00.0 23.027.07.020.042.00.033.00.00.0 18.052.012.040.060.00.044.50.00.0 24.024.0 4.020.061.00.047.50.00.0 26.033.018.015.040.50.029.00.00.0 23.039.014.025.035.50.035.50.00.0 6.064.024.040.050.00.033.50.00.0 23.052.012.040.045.00.045.00.00.0 26.029.0 4.025.045.00.034.00.00.0 17.054.019.035.071.50.053.50.00.0 24.027.012.015.062.50.048.00.00.0 23.051.011.040.041.00.033.50.00.0 9.055.015.040.040.00.030.50.00.0 17.048.018.030.059.50.041.00.00.0 20.043.018.025.073.00.054.50.00.0 11.045.025.020.049.00.030.00.00.0 18.047.022.025.039.50.030.50.00.0 20.045.010.035.056.50.044.00.00.0 14.053.013.040.041.50.040.50.00.0 11.046.011.035.041.00.039.50.00.0 13.039.014.025.035.00.034.00.00.0 20.034.0 4.030.053.00.040.50.00.0 18.043.08.035.029.50.028.00.00.0 20.032.07.025.026.50.026.50.00.013.029.09.020.041.00.039.00.00.014.042.012.030.048.50.047.00.00.0 20.046.011.035.044.50.037.50.00.0 15.041.011.030.048.50.034.50.00.0 21.025.00.025.050.50.035.50.00.0 14.055.010.045.065.50.064.00.00.0 13.032.017.015.040.00.031.50.00.015.053.018.035.041.50.040.50.00.0 14.038.013.025.057.00.044.00.00.0 9.025.00.025.029.00.029.00.00.0 11.027.07.020.043.50.032.50.00.0 15.038.08.030.021.00.021.00.00.0 14.040.00.040.034.00.034.00.00.0 6.051.0 6.045.026.00.026.00.00.013.038.0 3.035.035.00.032.00.00.014.048.0 3.045.030.00.024.50.00.0 3.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 3.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0物理客化学总化学主化学客生物总生物主生物客地理总0.00.00.00.00.00.00.078.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.070.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.074.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.069.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.069.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.080.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.071.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.068.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.066.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.065.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.070.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.069.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.070.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.077.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.063.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.074.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.068.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.066.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.055.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.063.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.057.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.064.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.068.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.048.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.059.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.059.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.058.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.062.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.050.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.053.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.061.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.053.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.062.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.063.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.055.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.062.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.053.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.052.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.049.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.059.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.049.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.050.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.055.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.061.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.063.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.054.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.048.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.054.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.053.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.065.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.058.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.060.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.056.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.057.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.051.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.066.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.064.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.065.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.056.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.051.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.055.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.056.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.037.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.057.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.042.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.045.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.057.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.056.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.050.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.053.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.052.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.055.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.051.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.051.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.069.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.051.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.057.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.045.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.056.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.050.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.040.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.051.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.045.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.063.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.043.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.049.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.052.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.062.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.052.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.059.5 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.043.0 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.059.0。

2012年高考全国卷(大纲版)理数试题及答案(word)[1]

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学（必修+选修II）本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，第I卷第1至2页，第II卷第3至第4页。

考试结束，务必将试卷和答题卡一并上交。

第I卷注意事项：全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考生注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准该条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.没小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。

3.第I卷共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

一、选择题1、复数131ii-++=A 2+IB 2-IC 1+2iD 1- 2i2、已知集合A＝}，B＝{1，m} ,A B＝A, 则m=A 0或或3 C 1或33 椭圆的中心在原点，焦距为4 一条准线为x=-4 ，则该椭圆的方程为A216x+212y=1 B212x+28y=1C28x+24y=1 D212x+24y=14 已知正四棱柱ABCD- A1B1C1D1中，AB=2，CC1=为CC1的中点，则直线AC1与平面BED的距离为（5）已知等差数列{an }的前n项和为Sn，a5=5，S5=15，则数列的前100项和为(A)100101(B)99101(C)99100(D)101100（6）△ABC中，AB边的高为CD，若a·b=0，|a|=1，|b|=2，则(A) （B ） (C)(D)（7）已知α为第二象限角，sin α＋sin β=3，则cos2α=(A) -3（B ）-9(C)9(D)3（8）已知F 1、F 2为双曲线C ：x ²-y ²=2的左、右焦点，点P 在C 上，|PF 1|=|2PF 2|，则cos ∠F 1PF 2= (A)14（B ）35(C)34(D)45（9）已知x=ln π，y=log 52，12z=e ，则(A)x ＜y ＜z （B ）z ＜x ＜y (C)z ＜y ＜x (D)y ＜z ＜x (10) 已知函数y ＝x ²-3x+c 的图像与x 恰有两个公共点，则c ＝（A ）-2或2 （B ）-9或3 （C ）-1或1 （D ）-3或1（11）将字母a,a,b,b,c,c,排成三行两列，要求每行的字母互不相同，梅列的字母也互不相同，则不同的排列方法共有（A ）12种（B ）18种（C ）24种（D ）36种（12）正方形ABCD 的边长为1，点E 在边AB 上，点F 在边BC 上，AE ＝BF ＝73。

2012年全国高考理科数学试题及答案-黑龙江

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（黑龙江）理科数学注息事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。

2.问答第Ⅰ卷时。

选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动.用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效.3.回答第Ⅱ卷时。

将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效·4.考试结束后.将本试卷和答且卡一并交回。

第一卷一．选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给同的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

（1）已知集合{1,2,3,4,5}A =,{(,),,}B x y x A y A x y A =∈∈-∈；,则B 中所含元素的个数为（）()A 3 ()B 6 ()C 8 ()D 10【解析】选D5,1,2,3,4x y ==，4,1,2,3x y ==，3,1,2x y ==，2,1x y ==共10个（2）将2名教师，4名学生分成2个小组，分别安排到甲、乙两地参加社会实践活动，每个小组由1名教师和2名学生组成，不同的安排方案共有（）()A 12种 ()B 10种 ()C 9种 ()D 8种【解析】选A甲地由1名教师和2名学生：122412C C =种（3）下面是关于复数21z i=-+的四个命题：其中的真命题为（） 1:2p z = 22:2p z i = 3:p z 的共轭复数为1i + 4:p z 的虚部为1-()A 23,p p ()B 12,p p ()C ,p p 24 ()D ,p p 34【解析】选C 22(1)11(1)(1)i z i i i i --===---+-+--1:p z =22:2p z i =，3:p z 的共轭复数为1i -+，4:p z 的虚部为1-（4）设12F F 是椭圆2222:1(0)x y E a b a b+=>>的左、右焦点，P 为直线32ax =上一点，∆21F PF 是底角为30的等腰三角形，则E 的离心率为（）()A 12 ()B 23 ()C 34()D 45【解析】选C∆21F PF 是底角为30的等腰三角形221332()224c PF F F a c c e a ⇒==-=⇔== （5）已知{}n a 为等比数列，472a a +=，568a a =-，则110a a +=（）()A 7 ()B 5 ()C -5 ()D -7【解析】选D472a a +=，56474784,2a a a a a a ==-⇒==-或472,4a a =-= 471101104,28,17a a a a a a ==-⇒=-=⇔+=- 471011102,48,17a a a a a a =-=⇒=-=⇔+=-（6）如果执行右边的程序框图，输入正整数(2)N N ≥和实数12,,...,n a a a ，输出,A B ，则（）()A A B +为12,,...,n a a a 的和()B 2A B+为12,,...,n a a a 的算术平均数 ()C A 和B 分别是12,,...,n a a a 中最大的数和最小的数 ()D A 和B 分别是12,,...,n a a a 中最小的数和最大的数【解析】选C（7）如图，网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图，则此几何体的体积为（）()A 6 ()B 9 ()C 12 ()D 18【解析】选B该几何体是三棱锥，底面是俯视图，高为3 此几何体的体积为11633932V =⨯⨯⨯⨯=（8）等轴双曲线C 的中心在原点，焦点在x 轴上，C 与抛物线x y 162=的准线交于,A B两点，AB =；则C 的实轴长为（）()A ()B ()C 4 ()D 8【解析】选C设222:(0)C x y a a -=>交x y 162=的准线:4l x =-于(A -(4,B --得：222(4)4224a a a =--=⇔=⇔=（9）已知0ω>，函数()sin()4f x x πω=+在(,)2ππ上单调递减。

2012年高考山东理科数学试题及详细答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）理科数学本试卷分第I 卷和第II 卷两部分，共4页。

满分150分。

考试用时120分钟，考试结束，务必将试卷和答题卡一并上交。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、县区和科类填写在答题卡上和试卷规定的位置上。

2.第I 卷每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答案不能答在试卷上。

3.第II 卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.填空题请直接填写答案，解答题应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。

参考公式：锥体的体积公式：13V Sh =，其S 中是锥体的底面积，h 是锥体的高。

如果事件,A B 互斥，那么()()()P A B P A P B +=+；如果事件,A B 独立，那么()()()P A B P A P B ⋅=⋅。

第Ⅰ卷（共60分）一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

（1）若复数z 满足(2)117z i i -=+ (i 为虚数单位)，则z 为（A ） 3+5i （B ） 3-5i （C ） -3+5i （D ） -3-5i （2）已知全集 U ={0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4}，集合A={1 , 2 , 3 }，B={2 , 4} ，则()U C A B 为（A ） {1,2,4} （B ） {2,3,4} （C ）{0,2,4} （D ）{0,2,3,4} （3）设0,1a a >≠，则 “函数()x f x a =在R 上是减函数”，是“函数3()(2)g x a x =-在R 上是增函数”的（A ）充分不必要条件（B ）必要不充分条件（C ）充分必要条件（D ）既不充分也不必要条件（4）采用系统抽样方法从196人中抽取32人做问卷调查，为此将他们随机编号为1，2，…，960，分组后在第一组采用简单随机抽样的方法抽到的号码为9，抽到的32人中，编号落入区间[]1,450的做问卷A ，编号落入区间[]451,750的做问卷B ，其余的人做问卷C ，则抽到的人中，做问卷B 的人数为（A ） 7 （B ） 9 （C ） 10 （D ） 15（5）已知线性约束条件2441x y x y +≤⎧⎨-≥-⎩，则3z x y =-目标函数的取值范围是（A ） 3,62⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦（B ）3,12⎡⎤--⎢⎥⎣⎦（C ） []1,6- （D ） 36,2⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦（6）执行右面的程序框图，如果输入4a =，那么输出的n 的值为（A ）2 （B ） 3 （C ）4 （D ） 5（7）若,42ππθ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，sin 2θ=sin θ=（A ） 35（B ） 45（C ）（D ） 34（8）定义在R 上函数()f x 满足(6)()f x f x +=。

2012年全国高考英语试题及答案-全国卷(河北、广西、云南、贵州、甘肃、青海、西藏、内蒙古)word版

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语绝密启用前本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷1至14页。

第Ⅱ卷15至16页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2．短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题：每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小脱．从题中所给的A．B．C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A．￡19．15．B．￡9．15．C．￡9．18．答案是B。

1．Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a bookstore．B．In a classroom．C．In a library．2．At what time will the film begin?A．7:20B．7:15C．7:003．What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A．Their friend Jane．B．A weekend trip．C．A radio programme．4．What will the woman probably do?A．Catch a train．B．See the man off．C．Go shopping．5．Why did the woman apologize?A．She made a late delivery．B．She went to the wrong place．C．She couldn't take the cake back．第二节（共15小题;每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话。

2012年全国高考(辽宁卷)语文试题(word)及答案

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)语文注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.答题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

自然作为环境与自然作为其自身是完全不一样的。

自然作为其自身以自身为本位，与人无关。

而自然作为环境，它就失去了自己的本体性，成为人的价值物。

一方面，它是人的对象，相对于实在的人，它外在人。

但另一方面，当它参与人的价值创造时，就不是人的对象，而是人的一部分，或者说是人的另一体，在这个意义上，环境与人不可分。

自然当其作为人的价值物时，主要有两种情况：一是作为资源，二是作为环境。

资源主要分为生产资源和生活资源。

人要生存和发展，必须要向自然获取生产资源和生活资源，但是必须有个限度，超出限度就可能造成整个生态平衡的严重破坏或某些资源的枯竭。

一般来说，环境比资源外延要大，但更重要的是，资源是人掠夺的对象，而环境是人的家园。

从自然界掠夺资源，不管手段如何，人与自然的关系是对立的；而将自然界看出环境，不管这里的自然条件如何，人总是力求实现与自然的和谐。

对于当今人类来说，重要的是要将自然看成我们的家。

家，不只是物质性的概念，还是精神性的概念。

环境美的根本性质是家园感，家园感主要表现为环境对人的亲和性、生活性和人对环境的依恋感、归属感。

家的首要功能是居住，居住可以分为三个层级：宜居、利居、乐居。

当前各地都在创建人类的宜居环境，提出建设花园城市，保护历史文化名城等诸多主张，但“宜居”在城市功能的各层次中，只是基础，重在环境保护。

而“利居”任然没有摆脱将环境当作资源的观念。

环境一旦成为利用的对象，它与人的关系就存在某种对立。

2012年全国高考理科数学试题及其规范标准答案-全国卷(含规范标准答案)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学（必修+选修Ⅱ）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷第1至2页，第Ⅱ卷第3至第4页。

考试结束，务必将试卷和答题卡一并上交。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项：全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考生注意事项：1.答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。

请认真核准该条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.没小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。

3.第I 卷共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

一、选择题（1）复数131ii-+=+ （A ）2i + （B ）2i - （C ）12i + （D ）12i - （2）已知集合{A =，{1,}B m =，A B A =U ，则m =（A ）0（B ）0或3 （C ）1（D ）1或3 （3）椭圆的中心在原点，焦距为4，一条准线为4x =-，则该椭圆的方程为（A ）2211612x y += （B ）221128x y += （C ）22184x y += （D ）221124x y += （4）已知正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中，2AB =，1CC =E 为1CC 的中点，则直线1AC 与平面BED 的距离为（A ）2 （B（C（D ）1 （5）已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，55a =，515S =，则数列11{}n n a a +的前100项和为（A ）100101 （B ）99101（C ）99100 （D ）101100（6）ABC ∆中，AB 边的高为CD ，若CB a =u u u r r ，CA b =u u u r r ，0a b ⋅=r r ，||1a =r ，||2b =r ，则AD =u u u r（A ）1133a b -r r （B ）2233a b -r r （C ）3355a b -r r （D ）4455a b -r r（A ）3-（B ）9-（C ）9（D ）3（8）已知1F 、2F 为双曲线22:2C x y -=的左、右焦点，点P 在C 上，12||2||PF PF =，则12cos F PF ∠=（A ）14 （B ）35 （C ）34 （D ）45（9）已知ln x π=，5log 2y =，12z e-=，则（A ）x y z << （B ）z x y << （C ）z y x << （D ）y z x << （10）已知函数33y x x c =-+的图像与x 恰有两个公共点，则c =（A ）2-或2 （B ）9-或3 （C ）1-或1 （D ）3-或1（11）将字母,,,,,a a b b c c 排成三行两列，要求每行的字母互不相同，每列的字母也互不相同，则不同的排列方法共有（A ）12种（B ）18种（C ）24种（D ）36种（12）正方形ABCD 的边长为1，点E 在边AB 上，点F 在边BC 上，37AE BF ==。

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2012年中国网民规模达5.13亿互联网
普及率为38.3%
中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）2012年1月在京发布《第29次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》（以下简称《报告》）。

《报告》显示，截至2011年12月底，中国网民规模突破5亿。

互联网普及率较2010年提升4个百分点，相比2007年以来平均每年6个百分点的提升，增长速度有所回落。

尤其值得关注的是，中国的的网站数在2011年下半年实现止跌，并快速回升。

网民规模突破5亿，增长进入平台期
转播到腾讯微博
中国网民规模与普及率
《报告》显示，截至2011年12月底，中国网民规模达到5.13亿，全年新增网民5580万；互联网普及率较上年底提升4个百分点，达到38.3%。

中国手机网民规模达到3.56亿，同比增长17.5%，与前几年相比，中国的整体网民规模增长进入平台期。

我国网民规模继续扩大，但增速逐渐放缓。

《报告》分析，过去五年内助推网民规模快速增长的几类人群中，互联网普及率即将触顶，而其他年龄段和教育水平的人群对互联网的接受速度很难达到年轻和高学历群体的水平，造成中国网民增速的放缓。

网站规模止跌回升，CN域名现转折点
《报告》显示，截至2011年底，中国网站规模达到229.6万，较2010年底增长20%。

经过一年多的下跌之后，在2011年下半年，网站规模显现出稳步回升的势头，有望进入一个新的增长周期。

与此同时，国家顶级域名.CN的注册量也开始转身向上：2011年底.CN域名注册量达到353万个较2011年中增长26000余个。

网站规模的回升，一方面得益于传统企业对互联网的重视、建设和应用推进；另一方面，网站规模的回升，是泡沫被挤压、水分被蒸发之后的回升，中国的互联网产业将更加健康，网络应用将更加扎实，发展也将更加稳健。

团购用户热情不减流量尚未带来利润
《报告》显示，2011年，我国团购用户数达到6465万，年增长高达244.8%。

团购用户热情不减，但团购网站数量却在下半年开始下滑。

《报告》分析指出，由于团购服务本身存在低门槛、弱约束等问题，加之团购网站前期投入资金较大，遭遇资本市场整体转冷，市场负面因素显现，导致团购网站数量大幅下降。

流量虽大，人气虽足，但是仍面临盈利难的尴尬局面。

《报告》认为，网络团购经过2011年的行业“洗礼”后，行业将寻找新的均衡和稳定。

以购物网站、旅行预订为代表的其他互联网服务商的进入将挤压小型团购网站的生存空间，而有定位清晰、有核心竞争力的团购网站仍将受到市场的青睐。

娱乐应用持续走低网络视频逆势上扬
2011年，在大部分网络娱乐类应用的使用率继续下滑的同时，网络视频的使用率呈逆势上扬的态势，网络视频行业的发展势头相对良好。

《报告》显示，2011年，网络音乐、网络游戏和网络文学等娱乐应用的用户规模有小幅增长，但使用率均有下滑。

相比之下，网络视频的用户规模则较上一年增加14.6%，达到3.25亿人，使用率提升至63.4%。

用户规模的增长对网络视频行业是一个良好的信号，但就行业发展而言，网络视频仍面临着较大考验。

《报告》指出，由于各大视频网站需要靠聚合数量更多、质量更好的版权内容来获取高流量，使得网络视频业版权价格提高、运营成本大幅攀升，同时视频广告价格
较低、其他盈利模式无法在短时间内培养成熟，因而网络视频行业整体处于亏损状态，这一现状目前还很难改变。