高考英语语法中必考的18个重难点

主谓一致常考难题

1、一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses, chopsticks,scissors等。

2、如果主语用a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：A pair of shoes was on the desk．

3、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:Truth and honesty is the best policy．

4、当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than, along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but, except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:The teacher as well as the students was excited．

5、A(great)number of修饰可数复数名词,谓语动词用复数;a great deal of,a large amount of修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

6、关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Those who want to go please sign your names here．

7、季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。1/2one(a)half1/4one(a) quarter

形容词的顺序

1、限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料

2、某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive等只能作表语,不能作定语。

3、某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly,timely等。

1)close接近地closely仔细地，密切地

2)free免费地freely自由地,无拘束地

3)hard努力地hardly几乎不

4)late晚，迟lately近来

5)most极,非常mostly主要地

6)wide广阔地，充分地widely广泛地

7)high高highly高度地，非常地

8)deep深，迟deeply抽象意义的“深”

9)loud大声地loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)

10)near邻近nearly几乎

比较级，最高级

1、表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．

2、表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far,yet, by far等修饰，例如：He works even harder than before．

3、by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。例如：He is taller by far than his brother.

4、某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。例如：He is superior to Mr.Wang in mathematics．

5、在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(Those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。

that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．

6、表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

A is three(four,etc.)times the size(height,length, width,etc)of B.例如：The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］

A is three(four,etc.)times as big(high,long,wide, etc.)as B.例如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

A is three(four,etc.)times bigger(higher,longer,wider) than B.例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

表示两倍可以用twice或double。

7、表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

so,such

1、如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such。如：

I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.

2、当little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:

They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.

almost与nearly

1、在very,pretty,not后用nearly,不用almost。例如：I'm not nearly ready.

2、在any,no,none,never前用almost,不用nearly。例如：I almost never see her.

情态动词

1、need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to或should 代替。例如：

Need I finish the work today?－－Yes,you must.

注意：needn't have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如：You needn't have waited for me.

2、“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。例如：You should have started earlier.你应该早点开始。

3、“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him(but you didn't)。那时你应该帮他的（但是你没有）。

4、书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。

5、表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have,be,hear,see,like 等词一般不用进行时。

主动结构表被动

有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,

cook等。例如：

The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。

虚拟语气的结构“(should)＋动词原形

1、在动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order, propose,request,require,suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)＋动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：

We suggested that we(should)have a meeting.

2、作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)＋动词原形”。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.

+to

1、在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。例如：He is often heard to sing the song.

2、不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.例如：

-What do you like to do besides swim?

-I have no choice but to go.

作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。

1、There/It is no use/good/not any use/good/ useless doing sth.

例如：He is looking for a room to live in.

2、动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:

admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape, excuse,feel like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include, keep,mention,mind,miss,practice,put off,resist,risk, suggest,can't help,can't stand(无法忍受)等。

例如：I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里。)

I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次。)

3、mean to do有意...mean doing意味着...

I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些来。) Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)

动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。

例如：The window needs(requires,wants)cleaning(to be

cleaned).

在短语devote to,look forward to,pay attention to,stick to,be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Badly polluted,the water cannot be drunk.(原因)

Being written in haste,the composition is full of mistakes.(原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式) Having been deserted by his guide,he couldn't find his way through the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)

Asked to stay,I couldn't very well refuse.

这里asked可能意味着having been asked,也可能意味着when/since I was asked,但用了having been asked就不会有歧义。

下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如：Covered with confusion,I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。He used to live in London,use(d)n't he/didn't he? There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n't there/didn't there?

Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they?He

ought to be punished,oughtn't he?

但在正式文体中,用ought we not形式。例如:

We ought to go,ought we not?或We ought to go,should we not?

含有情态动词must的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用mustn't

1、若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren't(isn't)十主语,例如：You must be tired,aren't you?

2、若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句部分则用needn't。例如：You must go home right now,needn't you?

3、当mustn't表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用must。如：You mustn't walk on grass,must you?

4、前句谓语动词是must have＋过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didn't＋主语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用haven't(hasn't)＋主语,例如：He must have met her yesterday,didn't he?

5、陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfit for his office,isn't he?

6、如果陈述部分包含有no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little, nowhere,nothing等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly14years old,is he?

7、如果陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they。例如：

Everyone knows his job,doesn't he?

Let's go there,shall we?Let us go there,will you?

同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。

引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,promise,idea,truth 等。连接词用that(不用which)及连接副词how,when,where, why等。例如：

His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

She asked the reason why there was a delay.

关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:

1、在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：

The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.

2、在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用whether。例如：

Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.It hasn't been decided whether(if)we shall

attend the meeting.

3、在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)例如：

It all depends(on)whether they will support us.

4、后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如：

He doesn't know whether to stay or not.

5、后面紧接or not时。例如：

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.

6、引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。例如：

Whether you like it or not,you must do it well.

7、用if会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。

在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：

1、先行词是不定代词：all,few,little,much,something, nothing,anything等。例如：

All that we have to do is to practice every day.

2、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 3、先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,等修饰。例如：

I have read all the book(that)you gave me.

4、先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。例如：

He is the only person that I want to talk to.

5、先行词既有人又有物时。例如：

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。

1、如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。例如：

This is the house where he lived last year.

2、用no sooner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。

倒装

1、主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词had提到前面。例如：

Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.

2、代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。例如：

Here it is.Here he comes.

3、当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。例如：

South of the city lies a big steel factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.

4、表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。例如：Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

5、部分倒装

A)用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。例如：

Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.

B)用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：

Pretty as she is,she is not clever. Try as he would, he might fail again.

C)如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。例如：

Child as he was,he had to make a living.

D)用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。例如：

Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

E)用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,often, at no time,not only,not once等词开头的句子。例如：Never shall I do this again.

Little did he know who the woman was.

F)用于以only开头的句子(only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。例如：

Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

G)如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。例如：

Only Wang Ling knows this.

H)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。例如：

May you succeed!祝你成功!

特殊的名词复数

stomach－stomachs，

a German－three Germans,

an American－two Americans，

man cook-men cooks;

papers报纸,文件

manners礼貌

drinks饮料

in a word简言之

in other words换句话说

have words with与某人吵嘴

have a few words(a word)with sb.与某人说几句话

某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。例如：

The police are searching for him.

高考英语语法知识点总结

专题一定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法（1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

高考英语语法必考知识点

名词性从句区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。

高考英语语法考点

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