托福写作满分词汇
英语作文万能单词
1.Essential表示某事物是必需的或基本的。
2.Innovative描述新颖或创新的事物。
3.Catalyst指促进变化或发展的因素。
4.Diverse表示多样性或不同种类的集合。
5.Dynamic描述充满活力或不断变化的事物。
6.Coherent指有逻辑或组织性的事物。
7.Eloquent描述表达能力强或有说服力的。
8.Resilient描述能够快速恢复或适应变化的。
9.Intuitive表示直观的或本能的理解。
10.Pivotal指关键的或转折点。
11.Ethical描述道德上正确的或有道德标准的行为。
12.Sustainable指能够长期维持或不损害环境的。
13.Collaborative描述需要合作或团队工作的行为。
14.Holistic表示全面的或考虑所有方面的。
15.Empirical基于观察或实验证据的。
16.Intrinsic指固有的或内在的。
17.Paradigm指一种模型或框架，通常用于描述思想或行为模式。
18.Synergistic描述不同元素或因素相互作用产生更大效果的情况。
19.Adaptive描述能够适应新环境或条件的。
20.Pioneering指开创性的或创新的。
21.Interdisciplinary涉及多个学科或领域的。
22.Evolve描述事物随着时间的推移而发展或变化。
23.Conducive有助于或促进某事发生的。
24.Hypothesize形成或提出假设。
25.Incorporate包含或融入。
26.Facilitate使某事更容易或促进。
27.Interact描述事物之间的相互作用。
28.Optimize使某物达到最佳状态或效率。
29.Perpetuate使某事持续或永久存在。
30.Revolutionize彻底改变或革新。
31.Substantiate用证据支持或证明。
32.Transcend超越常规或限制。
33.Viable可行的或能够生存的。
50个英语作文好词
50个英语作文好词1. Innovative - 创新的2. Eloquent - 雄辩的3. Diverse - 多样的4. Harmony - 和谐5. Resilient - 有韧性的6. Eclectic - 多样化的7. Empathy - 同情心8. Integrity - 正直9. Catalyst - 催化剂10. Aesthetic - 美学的11. Ethereal - 空灵的12. Eloquent - 雄辩的13. Fervent - 热情的14. Gallant - 勇敢的15. Holistic - 全面的16. Ingenious - 巧妙的17. Jubilant - 欢欣的18. Kaleidoscopic - 万花筒般的19. Luminous - 发光的20. Majestic - 宏伟的21. Noble - 高贵的22. Optimistic - 乐观的23. Pioneering - 开拓性的24. Quaint - 古色古香的25. Reverent - 敬畏的26. Serene - 平静的27. Tenacious - 坚韧的28. Unyielding - 不屈不挠的29. Vivacious - 活泼的30. Wise - 明智的31. Xenial - 好客的32. Youthful - 年轻的33. Zealous - 热情的34. Adventurous - 冒险的35. Benevolent - 仁慈的36. Candid - 坦率的37. Diligent - 勤奋的38. Eloquent - 雄辩的39. Fascinating - 迷人的40. Gratifying - 令人满意的41. Hospitable - 好客的42. Inspirational - 鼓舞人心的43. Jovial - 愉快的44. Kindred - 同类的45. Lively - 生动的46. Meticulous - 一丝不苟的47. Nurturing - 培养的48. Obedient - 服从的49. Patriotic - 爱国的50. Resolute - 坚决的这些词汇可以丰富你的英语作文，使文章更加生动和有趣。
托福写作好词好句
托福写作好词好句1.They are based on a tradition of romantic literature going back at least to ancient Greece, in which the central theme of love serves as the trigger forextraordinary adventure.2.The theme of jealousy is prominent，with the conclusion that love requirespatience in time of adversity.3.As the economy shifts from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce ,opportunities for white-collar crime will multiply(乘,增多，繁衍,扩大),whilethe technology needed to stop such crimes will lag behind(落后).4.One obvious benefit of social organization is defense——both passive andactive——from predators.5.严峻的天气状况Severe weather6.The coffee plant is particular about ( fussyabout/picky about)temperature,and changes of more than 20 degrees in twenty-four hours,or temperatures ofover 70 degrees Fahrenheit, tend to have harmful effects on production.7.The“how"questions seek to understand the proximateor immediate causesunderlying a behavior at a particular time and place.隐藏的，潜在的，根本的8. Over the century，several factors increased life expectancy，most notably improvements in public health，such as pasteurizedmilk,sewers,and indoorplumbing.9.Advances in medical practice, including the use of antibiotics and vaccinations for childhood illnesses，made it increasingly likely that infants would reachadulthood.10.On the one hand, increased life expectancy is a sign of societal well being(康乐，安宁，福利); on the other hand, an aging population posed its own set ofproblems.11.Nothing in the history ofmodern astronomy has excited as much speculation(思考，遐想，推测) as the object, or event, known as a black hole.12. Their fascination lies in the way their tremendous gravityaffects nearby space and time.13.For Dewey, experience cannot be separated from nature because all experienceis rooted in nature.14.Dewey asserted(主张，坚定地断言) that.15.The methods and curricula of education must make the child's growth the central concern.16.Memories are always not reliable. We tend to simply forget anything ——at best,memories are somewhat distorted ——if time past long enough.。
托福综合写作话题词汇
托福综合写作话题词汇1. 观点 (Opinion)2. 讨论 (Discussion)3. 问题 (Issue)4. 研究 (Research)5. 调查 (Survey)6. 实践 (Practice)7. 理论 (Theory)8. 现象 (Phenomenon)9. 方法 (Method)10. 结论 (Conclusion)11. 规则 (Rule)12. 解决方案 (Solution)13. 影响 (Impact)14. 原因 (Reason)15. 优点 (Advantage)16. 缺点 (Disadvantage)17. 主题 (Theme)18. 趋势 (Trend)19. 社会问题 (Social issue)20. 科技发展 (Technological development)21. 经济增长 (Economic growth)22. 文化差异 (Cultural differences)23. 教育问题 (Educational issues)24. 健康问题 (Health issues)25. 环境保护 (Environmental protection)26. 交通拥堵 (Traffic congestion)27. 全球化 (Globalization)28. 广告行业 (Advertising industry)29. 政府政策 (Government policies)30. 社交媒体 (Social media)31. 女性权益 (Women's rights)32. 科学发现 (Scientific discoveries)33. 文化遗产 (Cultural heritage)34. 青少年问题 (Teenage problems)35. 高效能学习 (Efficient learning)36. 污染问题 (Pollution issues)37. 能源危机 (Energy crisis)38. 食品安全 (Food safety)39. 水资源短缺 (Water scarcity)40. 全球变暖 (Global warming)。
(完整版)托福写作必备高分词汇常用短语汇总
托福写作必备高分词汇| 常用短语汇总Education作业 ( 注意它是可数名词，与homework不一样) n. assignment选修课n. elective学分n. credit青少年n. adolescent ;青春期的adj. adolescent青少年children and youth教课法teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ become accustomed to sth.适应能力n. adaptability应用v. apply把学生疏开教育segregate students团队精神team spirit独立思虑think independently在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding学生的反应students ’ feedback学生评论老师的教课students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’ performance 通才n. generalist专才n. specialist全面发展的adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being (or welfare)人文学科n. humanities社会科学social sciences艺术n. arts文科总称n. liberal studies/ arts理科n. sciences工科n. engineering基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences学科 ( 通称 ); 纪律n. discipline管教vt. discipline自制力n. self-discipline小( 中、大 ) 学教育 primary-level (or secondary-level/ tertiary-level ) education 职业教育vocational education/ training互动vt. interact学校给学生的教育n. schooling学校供给的课程总称n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的adj. psychological参加n. participation≈ involvement扰乱n. distraction记忆vt. memorize获得vt. acquire以教师为中心的adj. teacher-centered以学生为中心的adj. student- centered熟掌握⋯⋯ be proficient in榜role model同人n. peer孩子或许其余弱者度保adj. overprotective力n. motivation沮n. frustration家小孩的教育n. parenting用批评的目光去看的能力critical thinking abilities ( 某方面的 ) 意n. awareness (of)有造力的adj. creative / original⋯⋯特别熟习adj. well-acquainted (with)表优异perform well⋯⋯打好基lay a solid foundation for自尊n. self-esteem尊n. dignity估n. evaluation⋯⋯特别好的掌握n. mastery好奇心 n. curiosity精英n. elite教育test-oriented education富于想象力的imaginative沉浸于⋯⋯ indulge in⋯发人沉思的adj. thought- provoking无知的adj. ignorant文盲 ( 的) n.&adj. illiterate学龄前小孩或许上学前班的小孩n. preschooler对文字技术的掌握对数学知识的掌握误入歧路go astray n. literacy n. numeracy给人新鲜感的adj. refreshing令人振奋的adj. uplifting给人动力的adj. motivating单亲家庭n. single-parent family未成年人n. minors宠爱vt. spoil青少年犯法juvenile delinquency/ youth crime欺凌 ( 当名词是“喜爱欺凌人的孩子”的意思) vt.& n. bully逃学n. truancy很有启示的adj. enlightening成型的阶段formative years植物学n. botany天文学n. astronomy培育v. cultivate/ foster/ nurture促使学生身心发展promote the student’s physical/ mental (or intellectual) andemotional development心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth./ motivate the students todo sth.教授知识impart/ inculcate knowledge灌注崇高的道德观instill high moral values给学生以灵感give the students inspiration学生对老师所教知识的掌握students ’ grasp (or command) of what has beentaught就业技术employable ( or marketable) skills填鸭式教法教课生force-feed the students学生不该当不过被动接受知识的容器。
托福综合写作9个万能模板
在托福写作过程中，除了文章的结构和内容，还有一些细节是一直是被大家所忽视的。
下面就为大家带来托福综合写作实用模板9个，希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。
一、旅行交通工具You need to travel from your home to a place 40 miles (64 kilometers) away. Compare the different kinds of transportation you could use. Tell which method of travel you would choose. Give specific reasons for your choice.There are many different types of transportation which I could use to travel 40 miles from my home. The type of transportation I would choose depends mainly on how fast I need to get there and how much money I have. Some possibilities are walking, horse backriding, driving, or using a taxi, bus, or train.The most economical choice is walking. It costs nothing, is healthful, but it is time consuming. The average person can walk about 4-5 miles per hour, so this trip would take atleast 10 hours to complete. That means I would probably have to spend the nightsomewhere along the way. If I have to spend money for a hotel, then this choice really isn'tfree. Plus, I might arrive at the end tired and with sore feet! After walking comes animaltransportation. In my area, horses are not common, so it wouldn't be a likely choice. I believe that a 40-mile trip would take 2 or 3 hours on a horse. If I had free access to a horse,the cost would be minimal. Of course, I'd have to know how to ride!With a car, the travel time is minimal (under one hour), with onl the cost of gasoline toconsider. However, I don't own a car, and car rentals are expensive. Shared taxis are oneform of affordabletransportation, with 4 or 5 people sharingthe cost of a car trip to acommon destination. The only downside is finding people to share the fare with me.Fortunately, I live in an urban area, where there are buses and 'trains to ride. One of these would be my first choice.In short the kind of transportation depends on how fast I need to get to my destination and how much money I have. If I need to get there fast, and money isn't important, I can hire a private taxi.Since I don't own my own car, I don't have that option, and I have never walked 40 miles in one trip. I usually depend on the bus and trains, and would do so in this circumstance. They are cheap, dependable and reliable.二、人类对社会的贡献When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question.It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to supportyour answer.Artists and scientists both make valuable contributions to our society. It may seem sometimes that artists are more valued. That's because those artists who are famous make a lot of money.However, they are relatively few. The fact is that scientists are more valued.They get more respect from society for the work they do.Artists reflect their times and their culture. A painter or a writer shows us in pictures and words what we're like as a people. They record our culture for future generations.Actors and other performers, like singers and dancers, entertain us. They take our minds off our troubles, and remind us how beautiful and exciting our imaginations can be. Artists also help keep their societies mentally and emotionally healthy.For example, children that participate in the arts, such as painting or music, in school do better in their other studies. Art of all types is necessary to the human spirit.The contributions scientists make to society are more obvious. They include the cars we drive, the computers we use at home and at work, and the appliances that help us cook our meals and clean our houses. All of these come from the ideas and hard work of scientists.Because of scientific discoveries, we're living longer and more healthful lives. Scientists also contribute to the arts. Movies are the result of science. So are television, radio, and the recording of music on CDs.Generally, scientists don't make as much money as famous artists like film stars, opera singers or successful painters. However, our society gives them more respect, and they generally make a good living. Scientists are considered to be serious professionals, while artists are sometimes viewed as flaky, irresponsible people. So overall, I'd have to conclude that we value scientists more.二、学习亲身体验Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the adviceof family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is throughpersonal experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.Both learning through personal experience and learning through the advice of others can help you in life. If you don't have a lot of knowledge about something, the advice of people you trust can be very valuable. They can tell you about their own experiences, and about the advantages and disadvantages of a situation. Then you can consider your ownwants and needs and decide what you should do. Pretty soon, you'll have more experience of your own.When you 're thinking about what you want to do with your life, friends and relatives are a great resource. They can give you information about things like jobs, school, volunteering, and traveling to other parts of the world. They've done a lot of learning in their lives, and you can use it to decide what you want to do with yours. In some cases, there's no real substitute for personal experience. For example, I really don't like to make presentations in class. I know I'll make mistakes, even if I'm thoroughly prepared and know all about my topic. Nothing but experience can help me deal with the nervousness I feel. I know that the feedback I get from the teacherand from the other students will help me learn from those mistakes. At least I'm confident that the next class presentation I make will be much better than the last one.In the end, I think that the best way to learn about life is by experiencing it firsthand.No one else can teach you how to get along with other people, how to realistically judge your own abilities, or how to understand who you are. You can only learn these things by dealing with situations every day. Experience is the best teacher. 四、药品广告(drug advertisement)提出命题：药品广告所提供的信息都是客观全面的，且病人对药物了解得越多越好1.病人可以更多了解处方药的相关信息(information)2.医生开药时，病人可以与广告上进行比较，有利于选药3.通过广告，病人可以了解到新药的发展，提醒医生挑战命题：病人不需要对药物了解太多，因为有时候了解得太多会对非专业的病人产生困扰，而且广告所提供的信息也不完整全面1.广告通常只有宣传好处，对副作用(side effects)一笔带过，病人很难判断2.病人对药物的准确用法用量不了解，可能会用错3.广告只宣传新药，对旧药没有宣传，但是针对不同的病情，也许旧药更为合适托福综合写作满分范文：The speaker raises serious counterarguments against the reading paragraphs by providing drastically different evidences regarding the effects of the advertisement, the impact of self-selecting medication, and the impact of trends in thepharmaceutical industry.Firstly, knowing more information from the ads will not necessarily help the patients make better-informed decisions, as the reading argues. On the contrary, patients, without professional training and knowledge, will be more susceptible to misunderstanding information. For example, they would focus only on the positive sides of a certain medicine while ignoring the serious side effects.In addition, if the patients bear the responsibility of prescribing their own medication,they assume more responsibility to their own health. This makes doctors less liable for potential risks and undesirable consequences.Lastly, as for the new trends' benefits to the patients, the speaker does not challenge the reading directly. Instead, he argues that the new medicine, which will count for most of the ads may not necessarily be the best medicine, even though the patients can inform their doctors about the new products.五、网络问卷(web based survey)reading网络问卷相对传统问卷的优势1.调查范围更广，所以调查结果就更为准确(逻辑错误：参加人多并不代表范围广，也不能保证效果好)2.发放，填写和收集问卷更加方便简单3.成本低lecture反驳网络问卷的优势1.所取得的调查结果不全面(biased)，因为不是所有人都会上网，中老年人上网会比较少，而年轻人上网比较多2.成本并不会低，因为一个好的网络问卷需要一个团队的大量工作(提出新的证据：网络问卷也需要成本和人力资源)3.大多数人对网络问卷都不严肃，会得到不正确的信息，容易混淆视听。
托福综合写作必备词汇
[rəʊm]
罗马
87. clay
[kleɪ]
n. 粘土；泥土
42. Roman Empire
罗马帝国
88. jar
[dʒɑːr]
n. 罐；广口瓶
43. navy
[ˈneɪvi]
n. 海军
89. ritual
[ˈrɪtʃuəl]
n. 仪式；惯例
44 resemble
[rɪˈzembl] v. 类似，像
26. circulation [ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn] n. 传播，流传 72. parabola [pəˈræ bələ] n. 抛物线
27. documentation
[ˌdɑːkjumenˈteɪʃn] n.证明文件,文件记载
73. flame
fleɪm]
n. 火焰；热情
28. memoir
[niːʃ,nɪtʃ]
n. 壁龛,环境
[ɪ'læ bərət] adj.精心制作的 v.详细描述 150 airborne
[ˈerbɔːrn]
adj. 空运的,空气传播的
[ˈskʌlptʃər] n. /v.雕塑；雕刻 151 lineage
[ˈlɪniɪdʒ]
n. 血统
[bʌst]
n.半身像
152 infect
143 arthropod [ˈɑːrθrəpɑːd] adj./n.节肢动物(的)
[skrɪpt]
n. 脚本；手迹 144 reptile
[ˈreptaɪl]
adj./n. 爬行动物(的)
[tɑːr] [pɪt]
沥青坑
145 amphibian [æmˈfɪbiən] adj./n.两栖动物(的)
托福写作高级词汇的盘点
托福写作高级词汇的盘点托福写作备考过程中，高级词汇的积累也是备考的重要工作。
而且灵活的使用高级词汇，也能够为我们的写作提分带来很大的帮助。
那么具体的托福写作考试中，常用的高级词汇有哪些呢?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考!托福写作高级词汇的盘点1) Come a long way 有很大的进步Human being has come a long from drinking and eating raw food to talking through cell phones.2) It is worthwhile to / it is worth doingIt is worthwhile to spend time in learning music and art, because they can benefit me for life time.3) Give credit for 归功于The convenience that commuters (通勤者)has now should give credit for the newly opened subway lines.4) Give sb. a competitive edge 给某人竞争优势Learning multiple languages give people a competitive edge in this demanding society.5) Remove the barrier for 为(发展，交流等)消除障碍Learning English is a way to remove the barrier for communicating with many foreigners./exchanging with exotic cultures.6) Be the cornerstone of 是的基石Believing in the correlation of hardworking and success is the cornerstone of American spirit.7) Be an essential ingredient of 是的条件A sound health is an essential ingredient of excellent academic performance.8) profit from/benefit from 从中获益People can profit/benefit from the advancement of modern technology, such as computers, the Internet and many digital devices.9) is an indispensable part of 是中不可或缺的一部分Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work , play and learn.10) plays a pivotal role in 扮演者至关重要的角色It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success11) enable somebody to do something 是某人做某事The policy of restricting usage of plastic bags enables people to foster an awareness of environmental protection.12) get accustomed to do something 习惯于做某事People may need time to get accustomed to use less plastic bags which once brought us great convenience, but this practice will definitely benefit/better our environment.13) Someone can utilize something 使用，利用In this day and age, many individuals can utilize the Internet via computers or mobile phones.14) something is in the best interests of someone 最符合的利益Preserving the endangered animals is in the best interests of humanity.15) contribute to 促成(表原因)The restricting of private cars can contribute to the betterment of traffic condition in Beijing.16)be supposed to 应该People living in modern society are supposed to know health is more important than anything else.17)hold fast to 牢牢地把握住(fast 这里是坚实地 )This movie The Pursuit of Happiness tells people that they should hold fast to their dreams, like Chris said, When you havea dream, you should protect it.18)put a premium on/ put a high value on/cherish(vt.)/treasure(vt.) 珍视，重视Good parents always put a premium on children s education.19) bear in mind 牢记It is important to bear in mind that happiness comes from a person s inner feeling not the possession he/she has.托福写作高端词汇有助提升表达水平到目前为止相信一个好的表达能给托福作文带来高分的同学一定不是少数，必须要承认托福考试写作表达好的确有高分，但不少人对于表达水平并没有正确的认识，认为从托福写作范文中搬来一些高端词汇就是提升表达水平的方式。
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写作词汇i. Education类词汇Education:1) 培养(某种素质)cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promote the student‘s physical, mental ( 或者用intellectual) and emotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/talent 学习能力( 后天学习到的) ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育( 名词)schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths2) 传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感stimulate the students; thought 或者give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/ upbringing 教学法teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应(动词) adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students‘ grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 就业技能employable/ marketable skill3) 限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students‘ enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不必要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one‘s character 责任感a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背learn thing by rote.4) 记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从follow something blindly/ indiscriminately(adv) 用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt) the students 为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization‘ s own sake5) 把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现) segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure 逆境adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神team spirit(noun) 独立思考think independently(adv)6) 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈students‘ feedback 或者students‘ input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers‘ performance7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的(形容词)学生disruptive/ unruly students8) 理论知识theoretical knowledge 通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里welfare 不是―福利‖的意思)9) 大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学、历史、语言学等)humanities 社会科学(包括政治、经济、社会学等)social sciences 艺术(包括音乐、雕塑等)arts 文科的总称也可以称为liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科(包括物理、化学、生物等)sciences 工科(包括工程,自动化等)engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youthsii. Technology & media 类词汇Technology10) 尖端的技术cutting-edged(adj) technology 信息爆炸information explosion/ information overload 信息时代the information age/ the information era 无联网被广泛的使用the proliferation of the Internet 科技创新及发展technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressions (nouns) 提高效率augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) efficiency 提高生产效率augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) productivity 减少人力的机器(计算机发明之前的技术) labor-saving machinery11) 取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery 自动化automation (noun)/ automated (adj) 生物技术biotechnology 克隆cloning (noun) clone (verb) 远程通讯telecommunications(noun) 太空探索(名词) space exploration 人的基因构成one‘s genetic makeup/ one‘s DNA programmingMedia12) 实事current affairs 新闻界the press 印刷媒体(如报纸、杂志) the print media 报道新闻的机构news outlets 电子媒体the electronic media 无处不在的prevalent/ ubiquitous/ pervasive 充斥着... be awash with/ be inundated with / be saturated with something 审查censor 删除delete/eliminate/ excise(vts) 过多的暴力与色情内容excessive/ gratuitous violent and pornographic contents13) 有误导性的misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted 诈骗性的fraudulent 虚假的false/ bogus 报道非常详细的细节report something in graphic detail 媒体炒作media hype 夸大事实exaggerate things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportion(最后一个口语化说法,但作文也可用) 客观公正的objective and balanced 揭露expose/reveal14) 侵犯隐私violate/intrude on/ infringe on /someone ‗ s privacy 毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one‘s reputation 狗仔队paparazzi(复数名词,不能加s) 名人a celebrity/ celebrities(plural) 丑闻scandals 掩盖(丑闻或罪行等)cover up/ gloss over/whitewash15) 不客观的,不公正的biased/skewed/unobjective 如实描写factual accounts 可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable 及时的up-to-date/ up-to –the-minute (后者比前者更及时)信息量大的informative 娱乐性强的entertaining 有新闻价值newsworthy 道德准则code of ethic 或者code of conductiii. Tourism类词汇16) 旅游景点tourist attraction/ tourist spots/ places of interest 开阔眼界push back/ expand one‘s vision/ horizons (注意horizons 必须是复数) 游客与当地人互动Tourists can interact with the locals 促进文化交流promote cultural communication 吸引draw/ attract/ appeal to (vts)/ be a magnet for somebody 亲身体验(名词) first-hand experience(noun) 多种感观体验的(如听觉、触觉等)multi-sensory(adj) 冲突conflict(noun, vi+with) 争端discord/ dissension17) 把游客和当地人隔绝seclude / isolate(vts) the tourists from the locals 商业化commercialize/ commodify(vts) 欺骗游客的手段tourist traps 间接体验(比如通过电视或者互联网,名词)second-hand experience/ vicarious experience 文化遗产cultural heritage 互联网不会让旅游业过时The Internet will not render tourism obsolete.iv. Government 类词汇Government18) 当局authorities 老百姓citizens/ the citizenry(全体公民,不可数) 规范,管理regulate/administer/oversee(vts) 实施implement 立法legislate/make laws 严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether 严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation 监督scrutiny(noun)/ scrutinize(vt)/ monitor(vt)19) 为...拨款allocate money to something/ subsidize(vt)/ be a patron of / invest in/ finance(vt)/ fund(vt) dedicate money to something 预算budget 税收tax revenue 政府在某方面的开支the government spending/ expenditure on something 削减curtail 增加augment 当务之急priority 把...当成当务之急give priority to something. 责任obligation/ responsibility20) 军备竞赛arms race 自卫self-defense 国土安全national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy 扩张expansion/ aggression 谋求霸权seek/ pursue(vts) hegemony 恶性循环 a vicious circle 地区不稳定因素destabilizing factor 规章制度rules and regulations21) 太空竞赛space race 武器arms/ weapons/ armaments 下岗工人lay-off workers/ downsize workers 失业unemployment/ joblessness 基础设施infrastructure—比如public transport system 公共交通系统,power grid 电网pipelines 石油和天然气管道water supply and drainage system 给排水系统等, 民主与开放的政府a democratic and progressive governmentv. Animals类词汇Animals22) 动物权益保护主义者animal rights activists 医学研究medical research 残忍的cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal 活体解剖vivisection 麻醉anaesthetic 减轻动物的痛苦alleviate/ ease animals‘ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴pets are companions of their masters 给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort 偷猎poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun) 某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacement/substitutes/alternatives(单数则去掉s) for something.vi. Language & Culture必备词汇23) 一种可以通用的语言(比如英语) a lingua franca /a universal language/ a global language 英语的广泛应用the proliferation of English 英语的统治地位the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemonyof English 方言dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language 小语种将会消亡Lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete 小语种的消亡the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languages24) 文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种,有形的入历史遗迹,无形的入风俗,仪式,传统道德观念等Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc. 保护preserve 祖先forefathers/ ancestors 后代descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词) 少数民族ethnic minorities25) 民族团结the harmony between ethnic group/ race 文化融合cultural integration and synthesis 相互影响interaction 文化多元性cultural diversity 丰富enrich 狭隘的观念insular/provincial/parochial mentality 贬低deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit 某事不是一成不变的something is not set/carved in stonevii. Development类常用词汇26) 生活节奏加速the tempo/pace of life has accelerated 疲劳fatigue 导致人与人的疏远create alienation between people 过于功利的materialistic/ mercenary/ money-worshipping 追求最大限度利润pursue maximum profit 交通堵塞traffic jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一个是不可数名词) 阻碍impede/ hinder/ hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts) 扶贫poverty alleviation 就业机会job opportunity/ employment opportunity 贫穷的needy/ poverty-stricken/ impoverished/ deprived/ destitute/ indigent 富裕的affluent/ wealthy/ well-off27) 撞车car wrecks/ car accidents 行人pedestrians 交通肇事者traffic accident perpetrators 违章横穿马路jaywalk(可以记忆为:周杰伦走路――不走寻常路――美特斯邦威) 监控摄像头surveillance cameras28) 有特殊审美价值的老房子old buildings of special aesthetic value (注意审美观的英文说法是aesthetic values 复数) 有历史特殊意义的老房子buildings of historic significance 民居vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观beautify the cities/ better the cityscape 破旧的房子decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated 拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building 高楼high-rise building 摩天楼skyscrapers 城市化urbanization 城乡差距the disparity between the city and countryside 城市的urban 乡村的rural 搬迁relocate(vi,vt)29) 在家上班(动词)telecommute 休闲leisure/recreation 精神上的享受amusement and enjoyment 娱乐entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理laissez-faire management 运营成本operating costs/overhead costs 雇用recruit 会导致效率降低的counterproductive 劳动力资源labor pool 抑郁症depression 失眠sleeplessness/ sleep-deprivation/insomnia 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom 控制人口birth control/family planning 爱慕虚荣的pretentious/ ostentatious 缺少运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle 营养过剩over nourishmentviii. Environment类常用词汇Environment30) 生态平衡ecological balance / ecological equilibrium 可持续发展sustainable development 环保主义者environmentalists/ conservationists 对环境无害的environmentally-friendly 节约使用conserve(vt)保护preserve 再利用( 动词) reuse/recycle 各国必须携手解决环境问题:Countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted effort /unite to combat/tackle/resolve/address environmental problems. 增强公众关于...的意识raise/ elevate the public awareness of something 短缺shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 给资源造成很大压力put a strain on the already stretched resource 破坏自然资源wreak havoc on natural resources 看法森林deforestation 污染pollute/ contaminate 有毒的poisonous/ toxic31) 增加农产品产量boost crop yield 可再生资源renewable resource 不可再生资源non-renewable resource(包括金属metal, 矿产minerals, 石油petroleum, 天然气natural gas, 煤coal 等, 后三种可以总称为fossil fuels) 消耗( 某种资源) consume/deplete 用尽use up/ exhaust 严厉的措施harsh action/ measures 生态系统ecosystem/ ecological system 某一地区所有的生物的总称the wildlife in a region/ the biota(=flora + fauna) of a region 生物多样性biodiversity32) 污水effluent/sewage 排放discharge 温室效应greenhouse effect /global warming 严重的severe /grave 白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone(vts) something 臭氧层ozone layer 肥沃的土壤fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤infertile soil 耕地arable land/ farmlandix. Globalization 类常用词汇Globalization35) (一个国家或者地区的)文化特性(national or regional) cultural identity 全球文化同一化过程(名词,即地区文化特征的消失)global cultural homogenization 文化同一性(或者叫文化均质性,名词)cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑Globalization is a two-edge sword. 地球村the global villagex. Family类常用词汇37) 老年人elderly people/ senior citizens 家庭成员间的情感纽带family bonds/ family ties 归属感a sense of belonging 对...的依恋an attachment to something/ an affinity for something 贫穷的家庭deprived families 富裕的家庭affluent families 单亲家庭single-parent household 虐待mistreat/ abuse 家庭暴力domestic violence 毒品上瘾addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs3 分词汇=20 分TopicEducationMediaTechnologyGovernmentTourismVocabulary1 parenting2 schooling3 cultivate4 awareness =sense =recognition5 contribute to6 motivation7 adapt to8 afford sth9 prevalent 10 journalist 11 the press 12 coverage 13 misleading 14 dependable 15 up‐to‐the minute 16 transform17 advance 18 a staggering rate 19 information overload 20 enhance 21 innovation 22 technological 23 telecommunications 24 solve=combat=tackle =resolve=address 25 alleviate=ease 26 Invest in =allocate money to 27 authority 28 ban=forbid=prohibit 29 scrutinize 30 administer=regulate 31 tax revenue 32 obligation 33 broaden one‘s horizon 34 conflicts 35 promote 36 local residents local inhabitantsLanguageCultureDevelopmentGlobalizationWomenFamily37 mutual understanding 38 enrich one‘s experience 39 the proliferation of...40 Plays a dominant role in... 41 go extinct 42 lesser‐known language 43 the widespread use of44 ancestors 45 descendants 46 time‐honored 47 cultural heritage 48 cultural diversity 49 cultural identity 50 ethnic minorities 51 the pace of=the tempo of life 52 the gap between the urbanarea and the rural area 53 inferior54 facilities 55 alienated 56 materialistic 57 the present situation=the current situation=the status quo 58 affluent59 impoverish 60 sweeping trends 61 synthesize the Asian andWestern cultures 62 erode63 universal 64 a double‐edged sword 65 domestic violence 66 gender equality 67 discrimination 68 an enlightened society 69 household chores 70 be tied down by 71 offspring 72 personality clashes 73 householdCrimeAnimalsEnvironment74 generation gap 代沟75 family bonds 亲情76 harmony n. 和谐77 crimes=offense n. 犯罪=criminal acts 78 commit a crime 犯罪79 stringent a. 严厉的80 punishment n. 惩罚81 the crime rate=the incidence 犯罪率of crime 82 rampant a. 猖獗的83 violate the law 违法的84 curb v. 遏制(犯罪、污染等) 85 preserve v.保护(某种资源,比如natural resources 或old buildings)保护人用protect86 inhumane a. 残酷的87 biodiversity n. 生物多样性88 companions n. 伙伴89replacements=alternatives n. 替代物(比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验) 90 habitat n. 栖息地91 endangered species 濒危动物92 sustainable development 可持续发展93 exploit natural resources 开采自然资源94 the ecosystem 生态系统95 profound impact 深远的影响96 conserve v. 节约=save 97 deteriorate v. 如果某种现象自身恶化,就可以aggravate说它deteriorate, 如果某种失误导致别的现象恶化,就用aggravate sth. 或者用被动98 discharge v. 排放(污染物) 99 consume=deplete v. 消耗(资源) 100 eco‐friendly a. 有益于环保的101 scarcity n. 短缺准5分词汇=30分Educationcultivate=foster=nurture promote the student‘s physical, mental (intellectual) and emotional development psychological soundness (or well‐being/welfare) aptitude=talent ability=skill schooling upbringing give the students motivation to do sth.= motivate the students to do sth.adolescents=youngsters=youths Impart (or inculcate) knowledge instill high moral values (values 复数表示价值观) give the students thought (or inspiration) parenting=upbringing teaching (or pedagogical) me thodology adapt to sth.=adjust oneself to sth.=become accustomed to sth. adaptability students‘ grasp (or command) of what has been taught employable (or marketable) skills force‐feed the students Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. learn things by rote memories for memorization‘s own sake a sense of obligation Memories equations, formulas, theorems and lawsapply follow sth. blindly=follow sth. indiscriminately entinguish=stifle=constrain creativity dampen (or sap) the students‘ enthusiasm=frustrate the students beget (or create) undue pressure mould one‘s character segregate students peer pressure adverse circumstance=adversity team spirit think independently learn things through understanding encourage the students to think critically学生的反馈students‘ feedback=students‘ input 学生评价老师的教学student appraise=evaluate their teachers‘ performance 各门功课总称curriculum 具体一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra‐curricular activities 学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律indiscipline=misbehavior=mischief (n.) 违反纪律的学生disruptive=unruly students 理论知识theoretical knowledge 通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well‐rounded=versatile 为社会健康发展作贡献contribute to societal well‐being (or welfare) 人文学科humanities 社会科学social sciences 艺术arts 文科总称liberal studies=arts 理科sciences 工科engineering 学科(统称) discipline 基础学科basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小(中、大)学教育primary‐level (or secondary‐level/tertiary‐level) education 职业教育vocational education (or training) 青少年youths=youngsters=adolescents Technology 尖端的技术cutting‐edged technology 信息爆炸information explosion (overload) 信息时代information age (or era) 互联网的广泛使用the proliferation of the Internet 科技创新及发展technological innovations (or inventions/advances/progressions) 提高效率augment (or enhance/boost) efficiency 减少人力的机器labor‐saving machinery 取代人力的机器labor‐replacing machinery 自动化automation/automated 生物技术biotechnology 克隆clone/cloning 远程通讯telecommunications 太空探索space exploration 人的基因构成one‘s genetic makeup/ one‘s DNA programming Media 时事current affairs新闻界the press 印刷媒体the print media 报道新闻的机构news outlets 电子媒体the electronic media 无处不在的prevalent=ubiquitous=pervasive 充斥着。