变态心理学 案例分析
变态心理学案例
变态心理学案例心理学中的变态心理学是一个复杂而又引人深思的领域，它涉及到人类心理的各个方面，从个体的行为到社会的影响，都有着深远的意义。
在这篇文档中，我们将通过一些具体的案例来探讨变态心理学的一些特点和表现形式，希望能够对读者有所启发和帮助。
首先，我们来谈谈一个关于变态心理学的案例。
某个案例中，一个名叫小明的青少年在家庭中经常遭受家暴，父母对他的教育方式非常苛刻，经常施加各种身体和心理上的压力。
在这种环境下，小明逐渐产生了一些变态的心理行为，比如焦虑、抑郁、甚至自残。
这个案例反映了在恶劣的环境下，个体的心理状态会受到严重影响，产生一些不正常的心理行为。
其次，我们再来看一个案例。
在某个案例中，一个名叫小红的女性在长期受到性侵犯后，产生了一些变态的心理行为。
她对性产生了恐惧和厌恶，甚至在日常生活中也无法正常地与他人交流和互动。
这个案例表明了在受到严重创伤后，个体的心理状态可能会发生根本性的改变，产生一些变态的心理行为。
最后，我们来谈谈一个关于变态心理学的案例。
在某个案例中，一个名叫小李的青少年在长期受到家庭和社会的歧视和排斥后，产生了一些变态的心理行为。
他在日常生活中表现出极度的孤独和自闭，对他人产生了深深的不信任和敌意。
这个案例反映了在受到社会的不公正对待后，个体的心理状态可能会发生严重的变化，产生一些变态的心理行为。
通过以上这些案例，我们可以看到，变态心理学的研究是非常重要的。
它不仅可以帮助我们更深入地了解人类心理的复杂性，还可以为我们提供一些启示和帮助，帮助我们更好地理解和应对一些变态的心理行为。
希望我们能够通过对这个领域的深入研究，为人类心理健康的发展做出更大的贡献。
变态心理学案例
变态心理学案例罗某，女，35岁，已婚。
因紧张、烦躁、坐立不安、心悸、气急、怕疯、怕死10月余。
1987年10月入院。
病人1980年结婚，婚后多年不孕，四处就医。
1987年1月做诊断刮宫，术中无明显不适，但术后出现阴道流血。
病人较恐慌，听同事说有癌症的可能，更加紧张，感气促、心慌。
2周后，经处理出血停止，但病人恐惧患有不治之症，又怕不能生育被丈夫抛弃。
失眠、烦躁、易激惹，对外界环境兴趣降低，但尚能坚持工作和操持家务。
3个月后症状加重，并出现发作性极端烦躁、坐卧不宁、呼吸急促、胸闷、心悸、出汗、手脚麻木。
自觉会发疯、变傻，有濒死感，每次发作持续半小时至一小时不等，几乎每天皆有发作。
发作间歇仍有烦躁，担心再发，但尚能控制自己。
至5月份，症状更加严重，以无明显间歇期，整日处于惶恐不安之中，有明显的自杀企图，主要是因为“太难受了”，但同时又怕死。
不愿去精神病院看，爱人只好请医师至家中，病人抓住医师不放，反复叙述自己的病痛。
经常无故找爱人吵闹，将自己的不适归咎于爱人的不关心、不理解。
彻夜不眠，也不让爱人安睡，对爱人十分苛刻，要求他百依百顺，否则就大吵大闹。
怕听收音机，怕看电视，怕人打扰，但周围无人又感到十分孤单。
看到离婚或丧偶的女性则触景生情，心中出现“一阵阵绞痛”。
整日愁眉苦脸，喋喋不休，叫喊“不得了”。
严重时撕头发，捶胸顿足，两手不住在腹部揉搓，致使上腹部皮肤发红肿胀，有时甚至在地上打滚。
至此，完全丧失工作和操持家务的能力，生活难以自理。
【病历讨论】本例表现有以下特点：1.亚急性起病，病前有明确的精神刺激，病人对这些刺激反应较为强烈。
2.有多种焦虑症状表现：(1)心理症状：烦躁不安，易激惹，神经过敏，悬念，过分担心，紧张，认为自己会疯、会死。
(2)运动紧张：坐卧不宁，捶胸顿足，撕头发，甚至在地上打滚。
(3)交感神经兴奋症状：胸闷，气急，心悸，头昏，手脚麻木，出汗。
3.抑郁症状：哭泣，认为自己没有希望了，会死，欲自杀等。
变态心理学案例
变态心理学案例篇一：变态心理学案例我们那个村子里只有几十户人家，我父亲在乡里中学教书，妈妈一个人种着山坡上的几块梯田。
我有一个哥哥，他跟着父亲在乡中学读书。
从我们那个村子到乡政府所在的那个小镇要翻过两座大山，走几十里山路，早上太阳没出来上路，到晚上太阳下山才能赶到小镇上。
所以我父亲和哥哥一个月最多回家一趟，住一夜，又匆匆离开家。
家里只有妈妈、奶奶和我，三个人过着日出而作、日落而息的日子。
有一天黄昏，放学后，我又一个人在河滩上低头寻找那些在我看来漂亮的小石头。
等我回家时候，有一条小黑狗跟着我，一直跟到我家门口。
第二天早上，我开门后发现小黑狗还没有走。
我对着屋里叫道“奶奶，那小狗还没走。
”奶奶到门口看了看，说：“来猫穷，来狗富，来猪头上顶白布。
既然这小狗不走，就是跟咱家有缘，就让它在咱家吧。
”从此，小黑狗成了我们家里的一员，我给它起名叫“黑子”。
一开始，黑子需要我帮着洗澡，后来，黑子自己知道干净了，它每天都要跳到小溪里冲澡；冲完澡，它站在河滩上，用力抖动身体，甩干身上的水。
而且，它还知道找僻静的地方方便，从来不像别人家的狗，到处乱拉。
我奶奶死了。
我哭的时候，黑子趴在我的身边，它的眼里也流下了泪。
为奶奶办丧事摆了几桌酒，别人家的狗闻到香味都在桌子底下乱钻，黑子虽然两天没有吃东西，却趴在那里一动不动。
我走到黑子身边坐下来!摸着黑子的头说：“黑子，奶奶死了，你也哭了吗？”黑子不知是不是听懂了我的话，它伸出红红的舌头，舔着我的手心，我感觉到痒痒的，非常舒服。
我以前怎么不知道黑子的舌头舔手心是那么舒服呢？晚上，我一个人睡在奶奶以前住的屋子里翻来覆去睡不着。
我听到黑子在外面的哼哼，便起来开了门，黑子一声不响地跑进房里，它卧在我的床下。
我说：“黑子，你是来陪我的吗？”黑子不会和我开口说话，它就那样在我床下卧着。
我在黑子细细的喘息里睡着了。
黑子从那天起就睡在我的房间里，直到我小学毕业。
我要随父亲到镇子上上中学了，我们的家也要一起搬到镇子上去。
关于变态心理学案例
关于变态心理学案例三级技能—变态心理学(2001年11月-2008年5月真题汇总)2011年11月案例五: 案例介绍:下午六点，心理咨询师正准备下班，来了一位年轻女士，要求咨询，咨询师告诉她，咨询是要预约的，请她改日再来。
她说，那不行，今天无论多晚，都必须要为她咨询。
口气坚定，不容商量。
又说她担负重要的任务，时间很紧，还戏谑地说，不就是晚吃会饭嘛，晚一会吃饭有利于身体健康，减减肥么。
心理咨询师观察到该女士二十多岁，衣着打扮正常，朴素，没化妆，表情令人难以捉摸。
咨询师请她入座后问她需要哪方面的帮助，她没有回答，然后自言自语地说:这个地方五年前我来过，你可真有本事，中秋节会吃粽子，耽误时间了，地铁是动车出事故，你能把抑郁症治成精神分裂症，就这样，别哕嗦，开药吧。
以下是双方一段对话。
心理咨询师:你想开什么药?该女士:维思通。
心理咨询师:为什么要吃维思通?该女士:他们说这个对我有用。
心理咨询师:他们是谁啊7 (该女士:别装糊涂了，就是精神病院的那些所谓专家们。
心理咨询师:你找他们看过?该女士:还住过院呢。
心理咨询师:那因为什么不继续找他们?该女士:我就不是他们说的那个病，我是心理问题，你不是心理专家吗?多选:46、该女士的行为特点包括( )。
(A)强人所难 (B)随心所欲(C)有病乱求医 (D)语言夸张单选:47、该女士出现的主要症状是。
( )。
(A)主客观不统一 (B)破裂性思维(C)夸人语言 (D)行为异常单选:48、对于该女士说“这个地方五年前我来过”，咨询师恰当的做法是( )。
(A)要向她说明其所言不实 (B)不与她争论(C)委婉地告诉她记忆有误 (D)判断这句话有无症状学意义单选:49、对该女士形成初步诊断前，首先需要排除的是( )。
(A)心境障碍 (B)人格问题(C)精神病性问题 (D)疑病症单选:50、对该案例咨询师恰当的做法是( )。
(A)向她说明不属于自己工作范围 (B)进行转诊(C)通知家长 (D)委婉说明自己对她的问题无能为力单选:51、交谈中，咨询师请助手为该女士倒杯水，趁机递给助手一个小条，上写:“注意，精分”，其用意是( )。
变态心理学案例分析
变态心理案例分析一、案例患者林某，男性，23岁，高中毕业，待业在家。
于2004年4月入院治疗。
由患者自己和父亲报告病史，真实。
主诉：少语、少动、发愁以及兴奋、话多交替4个月，欢快、言行增多、失眠2个月。
现病史：患者4个月前无明显诱因经常呆坐无言，家人和他说话，他好像没听见一样，一个人发呆。
父亲让他去铺子，看铺收钱，不肯。
开始变得胆小怕事，不敢见人，把自己管在房间里，不肯出门。
整天愁眉苦脸，对什么都不感兴趣，对平时喜欢的电视节目、听歌唱戏都失去以往的兴趣。
对平时喜欢的饭菜也觉得没有胃口，饭量减少，体重减轻。
感觉内心痛苦，有轻生观念。
这些表现早上较重，下午和晚上轻。
近2个月起，患者无原因突然转忧为喜。
整天有说不完的话，喜欢追逐女性。
骑着摩托车横冲直闯，见到汽车也不躲让，胆子特别大。
自己说心情特别好，要做大生意，将来修一条大马路，一直到家里他的“酒店”，让大家都能免费进来吃大餐。
过去二个月里，林某整夜参加晚会，白天花钱请客吃饭、住宾馆。
到处借钱、骗钱，说谎话，整天吃喝嫖赌，不肯帮家里做小生意。
脾气变坏，家里姐姐和奶奶说他，他动不动就打人，摔东西，把自己的手机从六楼摔下，坏了，就抢姐姐的手机去用。
奶奶说：“这孩子怎么了，变成啥样了”。
为此，他妈妈整天以泪洗脸，伤心透了。
家人都不知道这是一种病态的行为，奶奶到处求神拜佛，都无济于事。
后来，经在我校读书的表弟，把他从阳江带到湛江附属医院心理科看病，我们收他住院治疗。
二、症状分析（一）症状标准1、以情绪低沉及高涨交替为主，如从他对什么都不感兴趣甚至有轻生的观念到转忧为喜，随心所欲，大胆妄为。
2、具有下列症状：(1)呆坐无言到语言增多；(2)交替性的情绪变化，抑郁期间早上较重，下午和晚上轻。
少语、少动、发愁以及兴奋、话多交替4个月，欢快、言行增多、失眠2个月。
(3)从呆滞、郁郁寡欢到精力充沛、活动增多；(4)从对什么都失去兴趣到鲁莽行为、挥霍无度；(5)睡眠减少；(6)性欲亢进。
变态心理学--案例分析--国外心理学优秀学期论文-abnormal psychology
Donald “Donnie” DarkoI. Identifying Information: The patient is a 16 year old heterosexual male. He is a high school student in the small town of Middlesex, and has recently developed a relationship with a classmate of his named Gretchen Ross. He is estimated to be very intelligent as measured by his Iowa Test scores; however he is considered a troublemaker in his school, except by some of his teachers who he manages to impress. He has some problems with the law in the past as well.II. Presenting Problems/Issues(s): The patient has had the persistent problem of sleepwalking recently and has had a history of psychological problems in the past. He is currently in therapy and is being medicated with placebos. I was asked by his mother to have this interview with Donnie, because she was having doubts about the treatments that his current therapist, a Dr. Thurman, was prescribing for him.III. Previous/Current Medical History: Donnie is currently receiving therapy from Dr. Thurman because a few years ago he burned down an abandoned house. According to information that I have received from reviewing Dr. Thurman’s treatment plan she is treating Donnie with a combination of hypnotic therapy and placebos. She claims that Donnie has had several imaginary friends throughout his life, but currently is listening to quote, “a six-foot-tall rabbit” who told him that the world i s coming to an end. Apparently the rabbit told him to flood his school and burn down the house of a local celebrity, who later turned out to be a pedophile. The rabbit, known as Frank, told Donnie that these acts were part of his master plan, and they involved time travel. Donnie carried then out, because he believes that Frank is God. Dr. Thurman believes that Donnie is a paranoid schizophrenic and suffers from daylight hallucinations. Despitethe large amount of time that Donnie has spent in therapy he has never been hospitalized for any of his issues.Behavioral Observations:During the session Donnie was very withdrawn. He did not want to discuss Frank or any of his plans. He told me that if he talked about Frank to much that he might not share his master plan with him. I wanted to put him in a hypnotized state, but he refused to cooperate. He was very sarcastic when he actually answered my questions. However at one point he became very frightened of something and the interview ended early when he simply refused to answer anymore of my questions. However at one point in the interview he informed me that he thought I was quote, “The fu***ing anti-Christ.IV. Previous/Current Medical History: Apart from his psychological disorders Donnie is very healthy. He has no previous or current medical problems and has never had any serious injuries or illnesses that would require him to be hospitalized.1.Family History: His family history is also quite good. Many people in hisfamily also display above average intelligence, for example, his sister justgot accepted into Harvard. There is also no evidence of any psychologicalor medical disorders in his family. His immediate family is very healthyand most of his larger family tree is also relatively free of disease anddisorder.2.Alcohol (E to H)/ Drug use: Donnie is a social drinker but shows nodependence on alcohol or other drugs. He does not appear to abusemarijuana or other drugs, he appears to only drink occasionally. While heis drinking I do not think that this is causing any real problems in his life,and it does not seem to be root cause of his problems.V. Mental Status Exam:1) Appearance and behavior: Donnie was dressed in an appropriate manner for a person of his age. He wore a hooded sweatshirt with jeans and sneakers. His appearance was normal. His behavior was also somewhat typical of a teenager who was in a place that he did not necessarily want to be. He was very sarcastic and refused to answer many of my questions. However, he was especially evasive about Frank and at one point became very upset and frightened. After that he refused to answer anymore of my questions and I ended the interview. Something is definitely troubling Donnie.2) Thought Processes: Donnie’s speech processes appear to hold part of the answer to what is wrong with him. Donnie’s rate of speech is in the normal range. He spoke at a rate that was consistently in the normal range, even when he became frightened he spoke like a very scared person would. T he content of Donnie’s speech revealed that Donnie frequently experiences daylight hallucinations. Frank is Donnie’s most recent hallucination and I feel that he could be dangerous. Frank may be telling Donnie to do things that are illegal or dangerous and more information on Frank’s plan needs to be uncovered. The presence of these hallucinations leads me to support Dr. Thurman’s diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia.3) Mood and Affect: Donnie’s mood was appropriate for a person his age. Donnie seemed a little aggravated that he had to be at, “a second therapy meeting this week.” During my questioning he was very sarcastic in his answers and other questions he simply refused to answer. However, at one point in the interview he became veryfrightened and shortly there after I concluded the interview, because he wouldn’t answer any more of my questions. This was obviously a rather strange oc currence. Donnie’s affect, however, was consistent with his mood. His facial expressions and behavior were appropriate for his mood at all times during the interview.4) Intellectual functioning: Donnie appears to have above average intelligence. Donnie has very impressive Iowa Test scores and receives good grades in school, despite being labeled as a troublemaker by some of his teachers. While speaking with Donnie it became apparent that his intelligence is above average. Even from the simplistic and sarcastic answers that he gave to my questions it became evident that Donnie is very intelligent. Donnie began talking about a theory of God and time travel when I askedhim about Frank’s plan. This theory was very complex and some of the concepts were lost even on me. It was shortly after we began discussing this, that Donnie became very afraid and the session had to end.5) Sensorium: Donnie’s sensorium is clear and is oriented three times. Donnie was fully aware of who he was, where he was, and who I was. Despite the fact that Donnie has daylight hallucinations I think that even he can distinguish between the real and the imaginary. I think that Donnie is aware that Frank is imaginary but continues to listen to him anyway, because of his belief that Frank may be God.VI. DSM-IV Diagnosis:Diagnostic Summary: Donnie suffers from Schizophrenia, Paranoid type. Axis I: Clinical disorders: 295.3 Schizophrenia, Paranoid typeAxis II: Personality disorders: V71.09 No diagnosis on Axis IIAxis III: Medical Conditions: NoneAxis IV: Psychosocial stressors-Problems related to interaction with the legalsystem/crime. Donnie is in therapy, because he burned down an abandoned house and was arrested for it several years ago. Dr. Thurman also feels that Donnie may break the law again if Frank tells him to.Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning: 35 (current). I feel this is a good score for Donnie. Donnie is seeing hallucinations and they are impairing his judgment and affecting his relationships with his parents, friends, and even his girlfriend.VII. Prognosis: Donnie has all the classic symptoms for paranoid schizophrenia. He sees hallucinations; however, his cognitive skills are still intact. His speech is not disorganized and his affect is appropriate. He is also extremely preoccupied with his hallucinations. People in the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia often have a better prognosis than other people with schizophrenia and Donnie is no different. I think that Donnie will respond well to real medication and it should be provided for him. Donnie should also s tay in therapy. Due to Donnie’s intelligence, he should have great success with his therapy, as long as they can convince him that Frank is not real.VIII. Treatment Plan: I recommend that Donnie stay in therapy with Dr. Thurman. Donnie also needs to be put on real medication instead of placebos. I recommend that Donnie take one of the neuroleptics and see how that goes. Those drugs should alleviate his hallucinations and that would be the primary goal when treating Donnie. Donnie should have his family included in his therapy so that they can resolve their issues with Donnie’s condition as well. With the proper mix of medication and therapy Donnie should be able to reduce his symptoms and this will in turn make his life better as well as the lives of the people around him.。
变态心理学案例分析
变态心理作业06021918 姚娇娇一、诊断名称强迫症，强迫行为。
二、诊断依据根据CCMD-3、DSM-Ⅳ和许又新关于神经症的诊断如下：（1）患者感到为了被迫作为强迫思维的反应或按照应当僵硬执行的规则而不得不进行反复行为，案例中患者表现为反复检查。
（2）这些行为（反复检查）的目的在于预防或减少痛苦，或为了防止某些可怕的时间或情景发生，比如受到父母责备，考试失利等；然而这些行为实际上并不能起到所设想的和和或预防作用，或者实际上是明显过份的。
案例中，患者若不反复检查就会感觉到心慌。
（3）在病程中的某一时，患者自己曾认识到这种强迫思维或动作是过分或不合理的。
如案例中患者反复检查，明知毫无意义，但不能控制。
患者在工作时因反复检查而感到苦恼，但不能自己控制反复检查的行为。
（4）带来显著痛苦的强迫思维或强迫动作，是费时的或明显地干扰了正常的日常活动、职业功能或平常的社交活动或关系。
如案例中患者由于自己的强迫行为导致反复检查而无法上班，社会功能已严重受损。
（5）此症状并非由于某种药物或由于一般躯体情况所致之直接生理性效应。
（6）病程至少三个月，同时患者由于强迫行为不能自己摆脱，体验焦虑痛苦，有求治欲。
如案例中这种反复检查的行为已经持续六个月之久，内心感到苦恼焦虑，急于想解决自己的问题。
并伴有轻微抑郁症状。
（7）排除精神分裂症、抑郁症及脑器质性疾病伴发的强迫症状。
尤其排除疑病症和焦虑症。
强迫症是担心自己将要有什么症状，而疑病症则是认为自己已经有这些症状，此案例中，患者要求医生反复保证自己不是精神病患者，说明他是担心自有患病的可能性。
而焦虑症一般都是对不知名事件的焦虑，不指向具体事件，而案例中，患者虽然表现出过份的紧张和焦虑，但都有具体事件，如考试。
三、可能的致病因素根据心理动力学原理，强迫症是起源于性心理发育的肛门期。
幼儿时亲子之间，一方面要求对方顺从，另一方面而不受约束，这种不平等的对立引起了儿童的内心冲突和焦虑不安，从而使得性心理发育停留于这一阶段，成为日后心理行为退化的基础。
变态心理学案例分析
变态心理学案例分析在心理学的领域中，变态心理学关注的是那些偏离正常心理状态和行为模式的现象。
通过对具体案例的深入分析，我们能够更好地理解和认识人类心理的复杂性和多样性。
以下是一个具有代表性的变态心理学案例。
＿____是一位 30 岁左右的男性，他的日常生活被一种强烈而无法控制的恐惧所笼罩。
这种恐惧并非针对现实中的具体事物，而是一种对未知和不确定性的极度焦虑。
他总是担心会有不好的事情发生，哪怕只是出门买个东西，也会反复设想可能出现的各种危险场景。
这种过度的担忧已经严重影响到了他的正常生活，他几乎不敢离开家门，与外界的社交也变得极为有限。
从变态心理学的角度来看，＿____的症状符合广泛性焦虑障碍的特征。
广泛性焦虑障碍是一种常见的心理障碍，患者通常会表现出过度的、难以控制的担忧和焦虑，这种担忧不仅频繁而且持久，常常伴随着身体上的症状，如心跳加速、呼吸急促、肌肉紧张等。
那么，是什么导致了_____出现这样的心理问题呢？通过深入的了解和分析，发现其原因是多方面的。
首先，＿____在童年时期经历了较为不稳定的家庭环境，父母经常争吵，家庭氛围紧张。
这种不稳定的成长环境使得他从小就缺乏安全感，对未来充满了担忧和恐惧。
其次，＿____的性格较为内向和敏感，他对周围的事物和他人的评价过度在意，这使得他在面对生活中的压力和挑战时，更容易产生焦虑情绪。
此外，工作上的巨大压力也是一个重要的诱因。
他长期处于高强度的工作状态，缺乏足够的休息和放松，心理压力不断累积，最终导致了焦虑障碍的爆发。
对于_____的治疗，采取了综合的方法。
心理治疗方面，认知行为疗法被应用其中。
治疗师帮助_____认识到他的过度担忧是不合理的，并引导他改变那些负面的思维模式和行为习惯。
例如，当_____出现担忧的想法时，治疗师会教他如何通过深呼吸和放松训练来缓解焦虑情绪，同时鼓励他逐步挑战自己的恐惧，增加外出和社交的频率。
药物治疗也是治疗方案的一部分。
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精神疾病 常年伴有药物
···
安全感 社会归属感
缺乏 ···
我想自己可能患上抑郁症，至于病源则是对自己不满，对别 人不满，对世界更加不满。
——1987年（张国荣自传）
环境参照 外界传闻 社会文化背景
···
3 HOW ?
DEPRESSION
M文字、绘画、公益
keDDyword
3
当你越过苦难，当你回望，你往往
2 不再苛求自己
慢慢的我不再为凑齐十首歌去写歌， 不再去抢排行榜的前几名，我不会去 问唱片的销售怎么样……我开始真正 享受在台上唱歌，以前从来就没享受 过。
黑狗也许将永远是我生命的一部分，但我们达成了理解，通过学 习知识、耐心、克制和幽默，最凶狠的黑狗也可以被制服。
Thank you for watching
会在当中找到那口非常值得的甘甜。在 这场试炼里，我所得到 的，远比所受
的痛苦更值得记住；对于苦难，我有种 崭新的体会。
而经历的那场忧郁，让她觉得更是“值 得”。
1 重视病情 配合治疗
总有人诗意盎然地说：抑郁症就 是一次心灵感冒。其实，得病就 是得病，哪有那么浪漫。治疗抑 郁症和治疗其他病无异：一是承 认有病，二是寻个好大夫，三是 配合治疗，四是防止复发。我个 人的经验是，有关抑郁症的一些 常识公众知道太少，合格的医生 也严重不足。
赵银银 英语154班
抑郁症
(14 心境障碍与自杀)
赵银银 英语154班
1
任航——中国唯一 一个人体摄影师
我坐在露台的摇椅上， 感觉自己随时都能飞起来， 我的屁股下面 像是有一根巨大的弹簧， 要把我从摇椅上弹出去。
2 WHY ?
DEPRESSION
Байду номын сангаас
人格因素
内向 情绪抑郁
低沉 心理承受力低
···
躯体疾病
心理和社会因素
社会与环境因素