美国文学课件 8
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Mark Twain 马克吐温 -美国文学课件
3. His father died when he was 12 and then he left school.
4. He lived on all kinds of odd jobs and then went to the West. He worked as a reporter there and wrote lots of frontier humors.
His Position in American Literature
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming.
Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
4. He lived on all kinds of odd jobs and then went to the West. He worked as a reporter there and wrote lots of frontier humors.
His Position in American Literature
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming.
Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
美国文学课件 8
美国文学
4)
5)
III. The Schools of American Modernism
1) 2) Modern poetry: experiments in form (Imagism) Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation)
3)
American Literature:
Lecture 8 Modernism
(1914 - 1945)
退出
American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Objectives
To enable the Ss to get a general idea about American Modernism; To enable the Ss to get in touch with some important modern poets such as Robert Frost and Ezra Pound;
美国文学
Teaching Materials
Robert Lee Frost ―The Pasture‖ ―The Road Not Taken‖ ―Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening‖ Ezra Pound ―In a Station of the Metro‖ ―A Pact‖ ―Salutation‖ ―The Garden‖
2)
美国文学
II Major Features of Modernism
3) Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, antirealism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.
4)
5)
III. The Schools of American Modernism
1) 2) Modern poetry: experiments in form (Imagism) Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation)
3)
American Literature:
Lecture 8 Modernism
(1914 - 1945)
退出
American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Objectives
To enable the Ss to get a general idea about American Modernism; To enable the Ss to get in touch with some important modern poets such as Robert Frost and Ezra Pound;
美国文学
Teaching Materials
Robert Lee Frost ―The Pasture‖ ―The Road Not Taken‖ ―Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening‖ Ezra Pound ―In a Station of the Metro‖ ―A Pact‖ ―Salutation‖ ―The Garden‖
2)
美国文学
II Major Features of Modernism
3) Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, antirealism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.
美国文学史PPT课件
2. 19th_century American Literature 1) Romanticism; 2)Realism; 3)Naturalism 3. American Literature of the 20th century and the
present 1)modernism; 2)postmodernism
— John Updike: “Bitter Bamboo”
What is the implication of Updike’s comment ? Do you agderstanding about American literature and culture at present?
B) Simple, fresh, direct, plain, a touch of nobility
7
Periodization of American Literature Key Themes in American Literature
8
Periodization of American Literature
A General Introduction to American Literature
1
Discussions
China, experts agree, is the nation of the future […] The commercial and intellectual success its emigrants have enjoyed in nations from Malaysia to the United States all augur (预示) impending global dominance. In literature, however, the Chinese mainland, as far as Western ears go, is pretty quiet. […] Bookstores, the Times reports, are bustling, but nearly half the purchases consist of textbooks and half the translations are of American books.
present 1)modernism; 2)postmodernism
— John Updike: “Bitter Bamboo”
What is the implication of Updike’s comment ? Do you agderstanding about American literature and culture at present?
B) Simple, fresh, direct, plain, a touch of nobility
7
Periodization of American Literature Key Themes in American Literature
8
Periodization of American Literature
A General Introduction to American Literature
1
Discussions
China, experts agree, is the nation of the future […] The commercial and intellectual success its emigrants have enjoyed in nations from Malaysia to the United States all augur (预示) impending global dominance. In literature, however, the Chinese mainland, as far as Western ears go, is pretty quiet. […] Bookstores, the Times reports, are bustling, but nearly half the purchases consist of textbooks and half the translations are of American books.
美国文学PPT
在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号 的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地 人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这 个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允 许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此， 已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女 的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。 带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的 主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶， 但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续 当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三 个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子 霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨 格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人 社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。 自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹 芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁， 但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖
此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年 《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年 或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年 获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年 《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年 美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年 获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年 获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年 获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年 获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年 获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年 获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）
外国文学史 美国文学课件
美国文化特点
• 历史短暂,多民族混合成的移民国家 • 自由原则是最基本的美国原则，是美国传统的起源。自由原则
的代表是《独立宣言》，其执笔人杰弗逊（1743-1826）是美 国文化三大创建者之一
• 美国民族是一个重视行动，强调务实的民族，这种务实精神是 美国民族生存的法宝，并积淀成一种民族的品质。务实精神的 代表是富兰克林（1706-1790），美国文化三大创建者之一。
• 比彻·斯托夫人 (1811-1896) 《汤姆 叔叔的小屋》
豪威尔斯（1837-1920）
• 现实主义奠基人 • 长篇小说《现代婚姻》 • 提倡“微笑的现实主
义”，实际创作中往 往表现为对美国现实 生活的粉饰和美化
亨利·詹姆斯(1843-1916)
⑴国际小说：美国人和欧洲人 因为文化背景的不同而产 生的冲突。
霍桑（1804-1864）
• 长篇：《红字》《七个尖 角顶的房子》《福谷传奇》 《玉石雕像》等
• 短篇小说集《古宅青苔》 《雪影》
• 霍桑小说表现了清教文学 的传统，“人皆有罪”， 悲观思想浓郁
• “心理罗曼史”，擅长人 物的心理刻画，被认为是 美国文学心理分析小说的
开创者。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
&库柏（1789-1851）《皮袜子故事 集》（《最后一个莫希干人》）
超验主义运动
• 19世纪30、40年代， 美国产生了超经验主义 思想运动，它是浪漫主 义的理论。
• 爱默生（1803-1883） 《论自然》，反对权威， 崇尚直觉，其核心是主 张人能超越感觉和理性 直接认识真理。
• 梭罗（1817-1862） 《瓦尔登湖》，自然、 人以及超验主义理想交 融汇合，浑然一体。
文学“美国梦”
• 历史短暂,多民族混合成的移民国家 • 自由原则是最基本的美国原则，是美国传统的起源。自由原则
的代表是《独立宣言》，其执笔人杰弗逊（1743-1826）是美 国文化三大创建者之一
• 美国民族是一个重视行动，强调务实的民族，这种务实精神是 美国民族生存的法宝，并积淀成一种民族的品质。务实精神的 代表是富兰克林（1706-1790），美国文化三大创建者之一。
• 比彻·斯托夫人 (1811-1896) 《汤姆 叔叔的小屋》
豪威尔斯（1837-1920）
• 现实主义奠基人 • 长篇小说《现代婚姻》 • 提倡“微笑的现实主
义”，实际创作中往 往表现为对美国现实 生活的粉饰和美化
亨利·詹姆斯(1843-1916)
⑴国际小说：美国人和欧洲人 因为文化背景的不同而产 生的冲突。
霍桑（1804-1864）
• 长篇：《红字》《七个尖 角顶的房子》《福谷传奇》 《玉石雕像》等
• 短篇小说集《古宅青苔》 《雪影》
• 霍桑小说表现了清教文学 的传统，“人皆有罪”， 悲观思想浓郁
• “心理罗曼史”，擅长人 物的心理刻画，被认为是 美国文学心理分析小说的
开创者。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
&库柏（1789-1851）《皮袜子故事 集》（《最后一个莫希干人》）
超验主义运动
• 19世纪30、40年代， 美国产生了超经验主义 思想运动，它是浪漫主 义的理论。
• 爱默生（1803-1883） 《论自然》，反对权威， 崇尚直觉，其核心是主 张人能超越感觉和理性 直接认识真理。
• 梭罗（1817-1862） 《瓦尔登湖》，自然、 人以及超验主义理想交 融汇合，浑然一体。
文学“美国梦”
美国文学课件(Poe)
• As a verse narrative, the poem is characterized by its dramatic variation of tone, which starts from mournfulness, and then progresses to trepidation and jocularity, and eventually to despair by way of hysterical self-torture. • In spite of its completeness of plot as a verse narrative, it is also characterized by its highly symbolic trait, which frequently leaves the reader with a feeling that it is difficult to read, because of its lack of adequate suggestions of certain meanings.
• 1827, a volume of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems was published in Boston • 1829, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems, • 1831, Poems. • an editor first with The Southern Literary Messenger, later with such magazines as Graham’s and the Broadway Journal. • His marriage in 1835 to his first cousin, Virginia Clemn, deepened his financial difficulties. • 1839, “The Fall of the House of Usher” published in Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine
美国文学课件
第一讲美国文化的背景与特征一、美国文化背景概观1、荒野里诞生的国度开拓型文化对于美国民族精神的塑造大有裨益：（1）有利于培植个人主义价值观（2）有利于造就美利坚民族的乐观精神（3）有利于培养创新精神2、清教传统美国主流文化：白人盎格鲁-撒克逊新教文化清教（Puritanism）是新教的一个支派清教主义的信念：（1）上帝具有万能的力量（2）每个人凭借对上帝的信仰就可以成为上帝的选民（3）相信原罪说，注重反省自身（4）只有辛勤劳动，勤俭节约，取得事业成功，才能完成上帝赋予自己的使命清教对美国社会发展具有重要作用:（1）造就了精打细算、兢兢业业的作风和追求财富的动力（2）养成了开发新疆土、征服大自然的冒险精神（3）具有社会凝聚力，产生了一种新的民族认同3、多元开放的移民社会移民社会与美国文化的发展：（1）早期移民给新大陆的政治生活注入了民主的气氛（2）美国没有经历过封建社会阶段，商业的迅速发展对美国人的价值取向、国民心态产生了深远的影响（3）多元、开放性使美国文化充满生机与活力二、美国文化的特征1、核心价值观——个人主义（1）“个人主义”的含义：指西方从文艺复兴以来随着资本主义反对封建压迫和神权统治斗争的发展而形成的以个人为中心的思想，其主要内容是相信每个人都具有价格，高度重视个人自由（2）个人主义和利己主义的区别与联系: 个人主义强调个人的独立性，创造性，个人的个性发展。
利己主义把个人的特殊利益凌驾于他人，社会公共利益之上，是违背功德的极端个人主义。
（3）美国个人主义的起源:清教传统是主要根源。
在拓荒中以自给自足方式生存使个人主义成为信仰和民族精神。
政治家，思想家的理论阐述时个人主义成为美国文化的主要信条。
爱默生强调个人精神的重要性，美国文化要从欧洲独立。
（4）美国个人主义价值观的主要内容A、个人的力量无限: 美国“牛仔精神”-个人英雄主义B、自主抉择，自力更生C、个人的权利不可侵犯(5) 对美国个人主义价值观的评价（思考）2、冒险、开拓、富有创新精神3、自由、平等精神4、实用主义/功利主义5、物质主义6、种族主义和扩张主义第二讲美国文学的发展阶段一、印第安传统文学二、殖民地时期文学（17世纪初-18世纪中叶）三、启蒙与独立战争时期文学（18世纪中叶-19世纪初）四、浪漫主义时期文学（19世纪上半叶）五、现实主义时期文学（南北战争后-20世纪初）六、现代文学（20世纪上半叶）七、当代文学（二战以后- 今）一、印第安传统文学印第安传统文学的主要特征（1）以口头形式流传（2）常见文学样式：典仪、曲词、神话与传说、史诗等（3）同印第安人生活有着特殊的联系（4）有一些基本相同的主题（5）常运用重复、渐进的手法关于印第安文学，值得研究的问题：1、如何认识印第安传统文学在美国文学整体中的地位？2、印第安传统文学同殖民地时期移民关于印第安人的叙述有何联系？3、印第安传统文学与印第安当代文学之间，有着怎样的延续和继承关系？4、印第安文学与其它弱势文学之间有何关系？《最后的莫希干人》二、殖民地时期文学The colonial period (1607 - 1765)这一时期文学的成就与特点：（1）体裁：主要包括游记、日记、信札、报道、历史、传记和宗教诗歌等，其内容大多表现的是探险者和移民对自己事业的赞颂。
艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件
interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
4
The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世 纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统 宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵 律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
14
Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.
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American Literature:
Lecture 8 Modernism
(1914 - 1945)
退出
American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Objectives
To enable the Ss to get a general idea about American Modernism; To enable the Ss to get in touch with some important modern poets such as Robert Frost and Ezra Pound;
2)
美国文学
II Major Features of Modernism
3) Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, antirealism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.
美国文学
II Major Features of Modernism
1) Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, design, literature, music, dance, painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20th century , particularly in the years following World War I. It was a movement of artists and th designers who rebelled against late 19 century academic and historicist tradition, and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world. The avant-garde movements that followed-including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Expressionism, Constructivism and Abstract Expressionismare generally defined as Modernist.
美国文学
4)
5)
III. The Schools of American Modernism
1) 2) Modern poetry: experiments in form (Imagism) Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation)
3)
II. The Major Representatives of the Modern Poetry:
Ezra Pound (1885- 1972) T.S.Eliot (1888 - 1965) Wallace Stevens (1879 - 1955) William Carlos Williams (1883 - 1963) Robert Frost (1874 - 1963) e.e.cummings (1894 - 1963)
美国文学
I. T. S. Eliot (1888 - 1965)
美国文学
I. About the author:
1) 2) Thomas Stearns Eliot, American-British poet and critic, was born from a middle-class family in St. Louis in 1888. During his studies at Harvard in America, the Sorbonne in Paris, and Oxford in England, Eliot mastered French, Italian, English literature, as well as Sanskrit. In 1914 Eliot accepted a job in London as a bank clerk establishing his residence in London. Soon the erudite young man joined the literary circle of Pound and Yeats and started to write poetry. In 1917 his first poem was published and caused a great deal of comment on both side of the Atlantic. After the bank clerk, Eliot worked as an assistant editor of the Egoist (1917–19) and edited his own quarterly, the Criterion (1922–39). With the help of Pound he published 美国文学 his best-known work, The Waste Land, in 1922.
4) Pound defined an image as that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time, and later he extended this definition when he stated that an image was ―a vortex or cluster of fused ideas, endowed with energy.‖ 5) There existed great influence of Chinese poetry on the Imagist movement. Imagists found value in Chinese poetry was because Chinese poetry is, by virtue of the ideographic and pictographic nature of the Chinese language, essentially imagistic 美国文学 poetry.
altered the nineteenth century romantic view that nature, especially human nature, was benign. Herbert Spencer and the "Gospel of Wealth" or Social Darwinism: reconciled individualism with capitalism by suggesting that the interests of each citizen as well as the interests of the state are served by free economic expansion. The work of Marx, and Freud, as well as other great intellectual explorers and rebels had mounted an assault against orthodox religious faith that lasted into the twentieth century. World War I in particular deepened doubt and reauthorized disillusionment. Another source of disillusionment was the rapid transformation of American society that accelerated with World War I.
Novels of Social Awareness (Sinclair Lewis and John
Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes)
5)
6)
The Fugitives and New Criticism
The 20 Century American Drama (Eugene O‘Neill)
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Teaching Materials
Lecture 8 Modernism
(1914 - 1945)
退出
American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Objectives
To enable the Ss to get a general idea about American Modernism; To enable the Ss to get in touch with some important modern poets such as Robert Frost and Ezra Pound;
2)
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II Major Features of Modernism
3) Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, antirealism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.
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II Major Features of Modernism
1) Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, design, literature, music, dance, painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20th century , particularly in the years following World War I. It was a movement of artists and th designers who rebelled against late 19 century academic and historicist tradition, and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world. The avant-garde movements that followed-including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Expressionism, Constructivism and Abstract Expressionismare generally defined as Modernist.
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4)
5)
III. The Schools of American Modernism
1) 2) Modern poetry: experiments in form (Imagism) Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation)
3)
II. The Major Representatives of the Modern Poetry:
Ezra Pound (1885- 1972) T.S.Eliot (1888 - 1965) Wallace Stevens (1879 - 1955) William Carlos Williams (1883 - 1963) Robert Frost (1874 - 1963) e.e.cummings (1894 - 1963)
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I. T. S. Eliot (1888 - 1965)
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I. About the author:
1) 2) Thomas Stearns Eliot, American-British poet and critic, was born from a middle-class family in St. Louis in 1888. During his studies at Harvard in America, the Sorbonne in Paris, and Oxford in England, Eliot mastered French, Italian, English literature, as well as Sanskrit. In 1914 Eliot accepted a job in London as a bank clerk establishing his residence in London. Soon the erudite young man joined the literary circle of Pound and Yeats and started to write poetry. In 1917 his first poem was published and caused a great deal of comment on both side of the Atlantic. After the bank clerk, Eliot worked as an assistant editor of the Egoist (1917–19) and edited his own quarterly, the Criterion (1922–39). With the help of Pound he published 美国文学 his best-known work, The Waste Land, in 1922.
4) Pound defined an image as that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time, and later he extended this definition when he stated that an image was ―a vortex or cluster of fused ideas, endowed with energy.‖ 5) There existed great influence of Chinese poetry on the Imagist movement. Imagists found value in Chinese poetry was because Chinese poetry is, by virtue of the ideographic and pictographic nature of the Chinese language, essentially imagistic 美国文学 poetry.
altered the nineteenth century romantic view that nature, especially human nature, was benign. Herbert Spencer and the "Gospel of Wealth" or Social Darwinism: reconciled individualism with capitalism by suggesting that the interests of each citizen as well as the interests of the state are served by free economic expansion. The work of Marx, and Freud, as well as other great intellectual explorers and rebels had mounted an assault against orthodox religious faith that lasted into the twentieth century. World War I in particular deepened doubt and reauthorized disillusionment. Another source of disillusionment was the rapid transformation of American society that accelerated with World War I.
Novels of Social Awareness (Sinclair Lewis and John
Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes)
5)
6)
The Fugitives and New Criticism
The 20 Century American Drama (Eugene O‘Neill)
美国文学
Teaching Materials