河南科技大学毕业设计(外文资料翻译2)
毕业设计外文参考资料及译文
Fundamental information, including the effects of porosity, water-to-cement ratio, cement paste characteristic, volume fraction of coarse aggregates, size of coarse aggregates on pervious concrete strength, had been studied [3, 9−12]. However, for the reason that the porosity played a key role in the functional and structural performances of pervious concretes [13 − 14], there was still a need to understand more about the mechanical responses of pervious concretes proportioned for desired levels of porosities. Although it was possible to have widely different pore structure features for a given porosity, or similar pore structure features for varied porosities in pervious concrete, it was imperative to focus on the mechanical responses of pervious concrete at different designed porosities. However, compared with the related research on conventional concrete, very limited study had been conducted on the fracture and fatigue behaviors of pervious concrete, which were especially important for pavement concrete subjected to heavy traffic and to severe seasonal temperature change. The presented work outlined the raw materials and mixing proportions to produce high-strength supplementary cementitious material (SCM) modified pervious concrete (SPC) and polymer-intensified pervious concrete (PPC) at different porosities within the range of 15%−25%. Then, the mechanical properties of pervious concrete, including the compressive and flexural strengths, fracture energy, as well as fatigue property, were investigated in details.
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)指导手册附表——G.1工作程序
6.指导教师指导学生进行毕业设计（论文），各院系随时了解、检查毕业设计（论文）的进展情况，及时协调处理毕业设计（论文）过程中所遇到的各种问题。
毕业设计（论文）期间
7.各院系组织毕业设计（论文）中期检查并填写“毕业设计（论文）中期检查表”报教务处实践教学科。
毕业设计（论文）中期
8.各院系组织成立以专业为单位的毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会，将答辩委员会名单报教务处。
答辩前4周
9.各院系组织指导教师评审毕业设计（论文），评阅教师评阅毕业设计（论文），并填写相应评分表。
答辩前1周
10.各院系审查学生答辩资格后组织答辩，填写“答辩意见及答辩成绩”和毕业设计（论文）总成绩，答辩结束后三天内，将学生成绩报送教务处教务科。
答辩周
后期总结阶段
11.各院系按4%的比例推荐本科生优秀毕业设计（论文），并将优秀毕业设计（论文）摘要和“优秀毕业设计（论文）推荐汇总表”，报送教务处实践教学科。
毕业实习前
4.各院系做好指导教师、学生和有关人员的思想动员工作，公布毕业设计（论文）工作要求及评分标准等有关规定，并检查任务书下达情况。毕业设计（论文）环节各项工作准备就绪。
毕业设计（论文）前1周
中期指导检查阶段
5.毕业设计（论文）环节正式运行。指导教师开始指导学生毕业设计（论文）、做开题报告，各院系组织检查开题情况。
答辩结束后2周
12.各院系对毕业设计（论文）工作进行总结，填写各专业“毕业设计（论文）统计分析表”，并报教务处实践教学科。
第8学期末
13.依照规定将毕业设计（论文）所有档案材料归档。
第8学期末
河南科技大学毕业设计（论文）工作程序
工作程序及要求
参考时间
毕业设计说明书(论文)的格式规范
毕业设计说明书（论文）的格式规范毕业设计说明书（论文）的格式、图纸绘制、实验数据、各种标准的运用和引用都要符合各学科、各专业国家标准的规定。
毕业设计说明书（论文）应采用汉语（外语专业用外语）撰写，一律使用计算机编辑，用A4规格纸输出，页面设置上、下页边距 2.54厘米，左、右页边距 2.5厘米，装订线1厘米，文档网络设为小四号宋体，指定行网络和字符网络，每行33个字符，每页31行，栏数为1，页眉页脚距边界1.5厘米。
页眉：宋体小五，居中，内容为“河南科技大学毕业设计（论文）”，下有两横线，从中文摘要开始到论文附录。
（外文资料译文及原文部分不要页眉）页脚：页码置于页面的底部并居中放置，中英文摘要及目录页码采用罗马数字；正文页码采用阿拉伯数字形式，重新排序（起始页码为1），从前言直到论文附录。
外文资料译文及原文部分的页码置于页面的底部并居中放置，重新排序。
一、毕业设计说明书（论文）各部分的具体要求毕业设计说明书（论文）要求内容层次分明、文理通顺、数据可靠、文字简练、说明透彻、立论正确、推理严谨。
毕业设计说明书（论文）一般由12个主要部分组成，依次为：1.封面由学校统一印制；封面填写课题名称，作者姓名，指导教师姓名，院系专业等内容；题目不得超过36个汉字。
2.任务书由学校统一印制；由指导教师填写，经研究所所长（教研室主任）签字后生效。
3. 中英文摘要扼要概括论文的主要内容和观点，语言精练、明确，语句流畅；英文摘要须与中文摘要内容相对应；中文摘要约400-500个汉字，英文摘要约300-450个实词；关键词要反映毕业设计说明书（论文）的主要内容，数量一般为4-6个。
(1) 毕业设计（论文）中文题目为三号黑体字，可以分成1或2行居中(2) 中文题目下空一行居中打印“摘要”二字(三号黑体)，字间空一格。
(3) “摘要”二字下空一行打印摘要内容(小四号宋体)。
每段开头空二格。
(4) 中文摘要内容下空一行打印“关键词”三字(小四号黑体)，其后为关键词(小四号宋体)。
河南科技大学优秀本科毕业设计(论文)获奖名单
首次 复制 获奖等级 比 社会 7.70% 优秀奖
社会 9.80%
优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖 优秀奖
卓越（法实）131
0%
豫西黑猪保种群种质部分特征分析与比较 供应链管理的绿色度评价研究 办公用品创意设计 壁虎粗多肽诱导食管癌KYSE450细胞凋亡机制研究
秸秆助腐物料添加量对土壤速效养分空间分布动态的影响
科研 2.30% 社会 ##### 生产
23 艺术与设计学院 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
生产 0.20% 生产
8.10%
材料科学与工程学院 金材卓越131
建筑学院
建筑122 农电132 环境131 医图131 工程力学131 园艺134 物联网131 统计131
白朝勤 马淏 魏学锋 杜喆 虞跨海 陈双臣 刘刚 武新乾
生产 5.30% 生产 5.40% 科研 ##### 科研 8.20% 科研
医学院 农学院 外国语学院 体育学院 国际教育学院 法学院 信息工程学院
0%
科研 8.60% 科研 0.20% 自拟 0.50% 科研 4.70% 社会 ##### 自拟
日本化妆品广告词的修辞表现及其特点 我国体育赛事IP现状、问题与发展策略 A公司人才招聘现状问题及对策研究 论我国刑事庭前会议的程序分流功能 多功能智能安全帽的设计与开发
专业班级
电信132 自动化133 自动化131 生技132 资环131 农学133 历史131 社工132 应物131 植保133 园林132 林学131 热发133 交通132 制冷132
PHP毕业设计毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：PHP文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：信息工程(电子信息工程方向)班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14本科毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献译文及原文目录外文参考文献译文1为什么选择PHP (2)2如果你是编程新手 (4)3写一个基本的PHP程序 (4)4编程语法 (8)5嵌入式语言如何工作 (9)6服务端和客户端脚本 (11)7运行你的程序 (13)外文参考文献原文1Why PHP? (14)2If You Are New to Programming (16)3Writing a Basic PHP Program (18)4Programming Syntax (21)5How Embedded Programming Works (24)6Server-side Versus Client-side Scripting (25)7 Running Your New Program (27)1 为什么选择PHP对于Web编程来说，PHP是一个很好的选择。
它较其它语言（包括其它面向Web 的语言）有许多优点。
为了得到一个清晰的理解（和常见的面向Web的语言相比），让我们将它们比较一下。
ASP是微软的网络开发环境（它本身不是一门开发语言，因为它允许程序员在ASP 中选择其它语言进行开发，如VBScript或JScript。
）ASP虽然简单，但它太过于简单了，以至于不能使用更复杂的逻辑和算法。
除了ASP的过分简单，很多公司发现很难在微软的ASP许可证上节约成本。
即使不考虑硬件成本，微软的Web服务器就要数千美元，而基于UNIX操作系统的、可运行PHP的Web服务器则是免费的。
另一种Web使用的知名语言是Sun Microsystems公司的Java。
Java是平台独立的语言（在一个系统上用Java开发的程序可以不经过任何修改，就可以运行在其它系统上）。
(完整版)本科生_毕业设计说明书外文文献及翻译_
Computer networking summarizeNetworking can be defined as the linking of people, resources and ideas. Networking occurs via casual encounters, meetings, telephone conversation, and the printed words. Now the computer networking provide beings with new networking capabilities. Computer network are important for services because service tasks are information intensive. During the is transmitted between clients, coworkers, management, funding sources, and policy makers. Tools with rapidly speed up communication will dramatically affect services.Computer network growing explosively. Two decades ago, few people essential part of our infrastructure. Networking is used in every aspect of business, including advertising, production, shipping, planning, bulling, and accounting. Consequently, most corporations in on-line libraries around the world. Federal, state, and local government offices use networks, as do military organizations. In short, computer networks are everywhere.The growth in networking economic impact as well. An entire industry jobs for people with more networking expertise. Companies need workers to plan, acquire, install, operate, and manage the addition computer programming is no longer restricted to individual computers; programmers are expected to design and implement application software that can communicate with software on other computers.Computer networks link computers by communication lines and software protocols, allowing data to be exchanged rapidly and reliably. Traditionally, they split between wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs). A WAN is a network connected over long-distance telephone lines, and a LAN is a localized network usually in one building or a group of buildings close together. The distinction, computers. Today networks carry e-mail, provide access to public databases, and are beginning to be used for distributed systems. Networks also allow users in one locality to share expensive resources, such as printers and disk-systems.Distributed computer systems are built using networked computers that cooperate to perform tasks. In this environment, each part of the networked system does what it is best at. The of a personal computer or workstation provides a good user interface. The mainframe, on the other the results to the users. In a distributed environment, a user might use in a special language (e. g. Structured Query Language-SQL), to the mainframe, which then parrrses the query, returning the user only the data requested. The user might then use the data. By passing back the user’s PC only the specific information requested, network traffic is reduced. If the whole file were transmitted, the PC would then of one network to access the resources on a different type of network. For example, a gateway could be used to connect a local area network of personal computers to a mainframe computer network. For example, if a company this example, using a bridge makes more sense than joining all thepersonal computers together in one large network because the individual departments only occasionally need to access information on the other network.Computer networking technology can be divided into four major aspects.The first is the data transmission. It explains that at the lowest level electrical signals traveling across wires are used to carry information, and shows be encoded using electrical signals.The second focuses on packet transmission. It explains why computer network use packets, and shows . LANs and WANs discussed above are two basic network.The third covers internetworking—the important idea that allows system, and TCPIP, the protocol technology used in global internet.The fourth explains networking applications. It focuses on , and programs provide services such as electronic mail and Web browsing.Continued growth of the global Internet is one of most interesting and exciting phenomena in networking. A decade ago, the Internet was a research project that involved a few dozen sites. Today, the Internet into a production communication system that reaches millions of people in almost all countries on all continents around the world. In the United States, the Internet connects most corporations, colleges and universities, as well as federal, state, and local government offices. It will soon reach most elementary,junior, and senior addition, many private residences can reach the Internet through a dialup telephone connection. Evidence of the Internet’s impact on society can be seen in advertisements, in magazines and on television, which often contain a reference to an Internet Web site that provide additional information about the advertiser’s products and services.A large organization with diverse networking requirements needs multiple physical networks. More important, if the organization chooses the type network that is best for each task, the organization will network can only communicate with other computers attached to same network. The problem became evident in the 1970s as large organizations began to acquire multiple networks. Each network in the organizations formed an island. In many early installations, each computer attached to a single network and employees employees was given access to multiple svreens and keyboards, and the employee was forced to move form one computer to another to send a massage across the appropriate network. Users are neither satisfied nor productive when they must use a separate computer. Consequently, most modern computer communication syetem allow communication between any two computers analogous to the way a telephone system provides communication between any two telephones. Known as universal service, the concept is a fundamental part of networking. With universal service, a user on any computer in any part of an organization can send messages or data to any other users. Furthermore, a user does not need to change computer systems whenchanging tasks—all information is available to all computers. As a result, users are more productive.The basic component used to commect organization to choose network technologies appropriate for each need, and to use routers to connect all networks into a single internet.The goal of internetworking is universal service across an internet, routers must agree to forward information from a source on one network to a specified destination on another. The task is complex because frame formats and addressing schemes used by underlying networks can differ. As s resulrt, protocol software is needed on computers and routers make universal service possible. Internet protocols overcome differences in frame formats and physical addresses to make communication pissible among networks that use different technologies.In general, internet software provides the appeatrance of a single, seamless communication system to which many computers attach. The syetem offers universal service :each computer is assigned an address, and any computer can send a packet to any other computer. Furthermore, internet protocol software —neither users nor application programs are a ware of the underlying physical networks or the routers that connect them.We say that an internet is a virtual network system because the communication system is an abstraction. That is, although a combination of of a uniform network syetem, no such network exists.Research on internetworking modern networking. In fact,internet techmology . Most large organizations already use internetworking as primary computer communication mechanism. Smaller organizations and individuals are beginning to do so as well. More inportant, the TCPIP technology computers in schools, commercial organications, government, military sites and individuals in almost all countries around the world.电脑网络简述网络可被定义为人、资源和思想的联接。
河南科技学院毕业论文及相关材料的格式
河南科技学院毕业论文（设计）课题审核表毕业论文（设计）任务书毕业论文（设计）开题报告河南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）中期进展情况检查表毕业论文（设计）撰写规范材料组成与打印1、毕业论文（设计）材料包括学生毕业论文（设计）、任务书、开题报告、外文资料、中文译文、中期检查表、教师评语及成绩、答辩过程记录表、图纸、实验报告和计算机程序等资料等，以上材料在学生答辩结束后均应装入毕业论文（设计）档案袋。
毕业论文（设计）资料按要求认真填写，字迹要工整，卷面要整洁。
2、毕业论文（设计）打印均应采用计算机排版、A4纸双面打印，上2.5c m，下2.5cm，左3.17cm，右3.17cm，行间距为固定值20，页码用五号宋体，奇偶页不同。
毕业论文（设计）的装订1、毕业论文（设计）应包括九项内容：A、封面；B、中文摘要；C、英文摘要；D、目录；E、绪论；F、正文；G、结论；H、谢辞；I、参考文献和附录。
2、毕业论文（设计）的装订，应按毕业论文（设计）的内容顺序（A-I）统一装订。
毕业论文（设计）的硬封面由教务处统一组织装订。
毕业论文（设计）撰写的内容与要求1、标题标题应简短、明确、有概括性。
通过标题使读者大致了解毕业论文（设计）的内容、专业的特点和科学的范畴。
标题字数要适当，一般不宜超过20字，如果有些细节必须放进标题，为避免冗长，可以分成主标题和副标题，主标题写得简明，将细节放在副标题里。
2、摘要摘要又称内容提要，它应以浓缩的形式概括研究课题的内容、方法和观点，以及取得的成果和结论，应能反映整个内容的精华。
中外文摘要以300－500字为宜。
撰写摘要时应注意以下几点：(1)用精炼、概括的语言来表达，每项内容不宜展开论证或说明；(2)要客观陈述，不宜加主观评价；(3)成果和结论性字句是摘要的重点，在文字论述上要多些，以加深读者的印象；(4)要独立成文，选词用语要避免与全文尤其是前言和结论部分雷同；(5)既要写得简短扼要，又要生动，在词语润色、表达方法和章法结构上要尽可能写得有文采，以唤起读者对全文阅读的兴趣。
毕业设计外文资料翻译_文献英文原文
毕业设计外文资料题目面对对象技术学院信息科学与工程学院专业计算机科学与技术班级计软1202学生刘桂斌学号20121214073指导教师史桂娴，王海燕二〇一六年三月二十日Object Technology2004, Vol.14 (2), pp.20.Object TechnologyTimothy A.BuddAbstract Object technology is a new approach to developing software that allows programmers to create objects, a combination of data and program instructions. This new technology has been steadily developed since the late 1960s and promises to be one of the major ingredients in the response to the ongoing software crisis.Keywords Object technology Optimization1.1 Introduction to OTThere exists a critical technology that is changing the way we conceive, build, use and evolve our computer systems. It is a technology that many companies are adopting to increase their efficiency, reduce costs and adapt to a dynamic marketplace. It is called Object Technology (OT).By allowing the integration of disparate and non compatible source, OT has the potential to precipitate a revolution in information systems design on a par with that caused in computer hardware by the introduction of the computer chip. Yet OT is not a newphenomenon. Development and product releases have been ongoing since its origin many years ago. However, the recent emphasis task of enterprise information technology integration has brought OT into the spotlight.OT promises to provide component-level software objects that can be quickly combined to build new applications that respond to changing business conditions. Once used, objects may be reused in other applications, lowering development costs and speeding up the development process. Because objects communicate by sending messages that can be understood by other objects, large integrated systems are easier to assemble.Each object is responsible for a specific function within either an application or a distributed system. That means that as the business changes, individual object may be easily upgraded, augmented or replaced, leaving the rest of the system untouched. This directly reduces the cost of maintenance and the timing and extendibility of new systems.1.2 OT-based ProductsThe current market for OT-based products can be divided into four major segments: ·Languages and programming tools·Developers’ toolkits·Object-Oriented database·Object-Oriented CASE toolsThe largest segment of the current market for OT-based products is languages andprogramming tools. Products in this area include language compliers for C++, Smalltalk, Common Lisp Object System (CLOS), Eiffel, Ada and Objective-C, as well as extensions to PASCAL and Modula-2.Products in this category are available from a variety of vendors. Increasingly, the trend in this group is to offer the language compliers with associated development tools as part of a complete development environment.Developers’ toolkits account for the next largest part of the OT market. These products are designed to develop a program that enables a developer to easily do one of two things. The first is interfacing an application to distributed environment. The second is developing a graphical screen through a product.By providing developers with higher level description language and reusablecomponents, products in this category give developers an easy and cost effective way to begin producing object-oriented systems.An important component in this category is the relatively new area of end-users tools. This element is important because organizing and analying the increasingly large amounts of data that computer systems are capable of collecting is a key problem.Object-oriented database management systems are one of the most interesting and rapidly growing segments of the OT market. A number of companies, including systems vendors like Digital and HP, and start-ups such as Object Design, Servio, and Objectivity, have all produced products.These products, dubbed ‖Objectbases‖, fill an important need by storing complexobjects as a single entity. The objectbase products allow objects to be stored, retrieved and shared in much the same way as data is stored in a relational database management system. The value of an objectbase, as opposed to a database, is best described as following: ―Object databases offer a better way to store objects because they provide all of the traditional database services without the overhead of disassembling and reassemblingobjects every time they are stored and retrieved. Compared with an object database, storing complex objects in a relational database is tedious at best. It’s like having to disassembling your car each night rather than just putting it into the gar age!‖Over the next few years, a shift from proprietary CASE implementations to those based on the object paradigm can be expected. This area has lagged growth from earlier projections. OT-based CASE tools will have to emerge as a viable product category to address the wide scale development of large systems. This category also include those tools that are methodological in nature.1.3 0bject-oriented ProgrammingObject-oriented programming (OOP) is a new approach to developing software that allows programmers to create objects, a combination of data and program instructions. Traditional programming methods keep data, such as files, independent of the programs that work with the data. Each traditional program, t5herfore, must define how the data will be used for that particular program. This often results in redundant programming code that must be changed every time the structure of the data is changed, such as when a new field is added to a file. With OOP, the program instructions and data are combined into objects that can be used repeatedly by programmers whenever they need them. Specificinstructions, called methods define how the object acts when it is used by a program.With OOP, programmers define classes of objects. Each class contains the methods that are unique to that class. Each class can have one or more subclasses. Each subclass contains the methods of its higher level classes plus whatever methods are unique to the subclass. The OOP capability to pass methods to lower levels is called ―inheritance‖.A specific instance of an object contains all methods from its higher level classes plus any methods that a unique to the object. When an OOP object is sent an instruction to do something, called a message, unlike a traditional program, the message does not have to tell the OOP object exactly what to do. What to do is defined by the methods that the OOP object contains or has inherited.Object—oriented programming can bring many advantages to users. It can bring productivity gains as high as 1000 to 1500 percent instead of the 10 or 15 percent gainsavailable from structured programming methods. It allows large complex systems to be built which are not economically feasible using traditional programming techniques. It allows program modifications to be made more easily. It could mean two different user interfaces within an application, one for the user who likes to type, and another for the users who just want to shout at the terminal.Objects can be viewed as reusable components, and once the programmer has developed a library of these components, he can minimize the amount of new coding required. One user envisions a commercial library of objects which could be purchased byprogrammers and reused for various applications. But creating a library is no simple task because the integrity of the original software design is critical. Reusability can be a mixed blessing for users, too, as a programmers has to be able to find the object he needs. But if productivity is your aim, reusability is worth the risks.The long-term productivity of systems is enhanced by object-oriented programming. Because of the modular nature of the code, programs are more malleable. This is particularly beneficial for applications that will be used for many years, during which company needs may change and make software modifications necessary.Software reliability can be improved by object-oriented programming. Since the objects are repeatedly tested in a variety of applications, bugs are more likely to be found and corrected. Object-oriented programming also has potential benefits in parallel processing. Execution speed under object oriented methods will improve with parallel processing.1.4 Object-oriented DBMSA shift toward object-oriented DBMSs does not have to replace relational DNMS. As its name implies, it is orientation rather than a full-blown DBMS model. As such, it can blend with and build on the relational schema.Object-oriented DBMSs integrate a variety of real-world data types –such as business procedures and policies, graphics, pictures, voice, and an non-tated text. Current relational products are not equipped to handle them efficiently. Data types in RDBMSs are more commonly record-oriented and expressed in numbers and text.Object orientation also makes contributions to application development efficiency.makes the data function, attributes, and relationships an integral part of the object. In this way, objects can be reused and replicated. You can query the data on its functions, attributes, and relationships.By contrast, most RDBMSs demand that the knowledge associated with the data be written into and maintained separately in each application program.Object orientation is going to be available in two forms: one for those who need and want a radical change, and one for those who want some of its advantages without going through a major conversion.The first form of object-oriented DBMS focused largely on the computer-aided design (CAD) market, which needed to store complex data types such as the graphics involved with an aircraft design.The second form is made up of the leading RDBMS vendors who support the concept of integrating object management capabilities whit their current line of relational products. Sybase, Inc, the first vendor to introduce an object-oriented capability,offers Sybase , which enables the user to program a limited number of business procedures along with the data types in a server’s database engine . Any client attempting a transaction that does not conform to these procedures is simply rejected by the database. That capability enables users to shorten the development cycle, since integrity logic and business rules no longer need to be programmed into each application.This approach reduces maintenance costs as well, since any changes in the procedure can be made once at the server level instead of several times within all the affected applications.Last, the server-level procedures increase the system’s performance, since the operations are taking place closer to where the data is actually stored.。
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2 THE VISCOUS COUPLING
T he visco us co up ling is a we ll k no wn co mpo ne nt in dr ive t r a ins. I n t h is paper o nl y a s ho rt su mmar y o f it s ba s ic fu nct io n a nd pr inc ip le sha ll be g iven. T he visco us co up ling o per at es accor d ing t o t he pr inc ip le o f flu id fr ict io n, a nd is t hus depe nd e nt o n speed d iffer e nce. As sho wn in F igur e 1 t he visco us co upling has s l ip co nt ro ll ing propert ies in co nt r ast t o t o rq ue sens ing s yst e ms. T his mea ns t hat t he dr ive t o r que whic h i s t r ans m it t ed t o t he fr o nt
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
whee ls is aut o mat ica l l y co nt ro lled in t he se nse o f an o pt im ized t o r qu e d ist r ibut io n. I n a fro nt - whee l dr ive ve hic le t he visco us co up ling can be in st a lled ins ide t he d iffer e nt ia l or ext er na l l y o n a n int er med iat e sha ft . T he ext er na l so lut io n is s ho wn in F igur e 2. T his la yo ut ha s so me s ig nif ic ant adva nt ages o ver t he int er na l so lu t io n. F ir st , t her e is usua ll y e no ugh space ava i la ble in t he ar ea o f t he int er med iat e s ha ft t o pro vide t he r equ ir ed visco us char act er ist ic. T h is is in co nt r ast t o t he lim it ed spa ce le ft in t oda y ’ s fr o nt - a x le d iffer e nt ia ls. Furt her, o nl y m in i ma l m od ific at io n t o t he d iffer ent ia l car r ier and t r ans mis s io n case is r equ ir ed. I n- ho use pro duct io n o f d iffer e nt ia ls is t hus o nly s l ig ht ly a ffect ed. I nt ro duct io n as a n o pt io n can be mad e eas i ly e spec ia l l y w he n t he sha ft and t he visco us unit ar e su p p lied as a co mp let e unit . F ina l l y, t he int er med iat e sha ft makes it po ss ible t o pro vide fo r s ide s ha ft s o f equa l le ngt h w it h t r ans ver se l y in st a lled e ng ines w hic h ar e i mport ant t o r educe t or que st eer ( sho wn lat er in sect io n 4). T his spec ia l de s ig n a lso g ives a goo d po ss ibi l it y fo r s ig ni f ica nt we ig ht and co st r educt io ns o f t he visc ous unit . G KN Visco dr ive is d eve lo p ing a lo w we ig ht and co st visco us co up ling. B y us ing o nl y t wo st and ar d ized o ut er d ia met er s, st andar d ized p lat es, p la st ic hu bs and ext r uded mat er ia l fo r t he ho us ing whic h can eas i ly be cut t o d iffer e nt le ng t hs, it is po ss ible t o ut il ize a w ide r ange o f visco us c har act er ist ic s. An e xa mp le o f t his de ve lo p me nt is s ho wn in F igur e 3.
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
h ig her adhes io n pot ent ia l o f t he whe e l o n t he hig h- μ sur face. T his is sc he mat ica ll y s ho wn in F igur e 4. Whe n fo r exa mp le, t he ma xi mu m t r ans mit t able t o r que fo r o ne whee l is exceeded o n a sp lit - μ sur fa ce or dur ing cor ner ing w it h hig h lat er a l acce ler at io n, a speed d iffer ence bet ween t he t wo dr iving w hee ls o ccu r s. T he r esu lt ing se lf- lo ck ing t o r que in t he visco us co up ling r es ist s an y furt her incr ease in speed differ e nce and t r ans m it s t he appro pr iat e t o rq ue t o t he w hee l w it h t he bet t er t r ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ct io n pot ent ia l. It can be see n in F igur e 4 t hat t he d iffer ence in t he t r act at e fo r ces r esu lt s in a yaw ing mo me nt whic h t r ie s t o t ur n t he ve hic le in t o t he lo wμ s ide, To keep t he ve hic le in a st r a ig ht line t he dr iver ha s t o co mpe ns at e t his w it h o ppo s it e st eer ing i nput . T ho ugh t he f lu id- fr ict io n p r in c ip le o f t he visco us co up ling a nd t he r esu lt ing so ft t r ans it io n fr o m o p en t o lo ck ing act io n, t his is eas i l y po ss ib le, t he appro pr iat e r esu lt s o bt a ined fr o m ve hic le t est s ar e sho wn in F igur e 5. Repo rt ed ar e t he a ver age st eer ing- w hee l t orque Ts and t he aver age co rr ect ive o ppo s it e st eer ing input r equ ir e d t o ma int a in a st r a ig ht co ur se d u r ing acce ler at io n o n a sp lit - μ t r ack w it h an o pen and a visco u s d iffer e nt ia l. T he d iffer e nce s bet ween t he va lues w it h t he o pen d iffer e nt ia l a nd t ho se w it h t he visco us coup ling ar e r e lat ive l y large in co mp ar iso n t o eac h ot her. Ho wever, t he y ar e s ma l l in a bso lut e t er ms. S u b ject ive ly, t he st eer ing inf lue nce is near ly u nnot icea ble. T he t or qu e st eer is a lso inf lu e nced by se ver a l k ine m at ics par a met er s whic h w i ll be exp la ined in t he ne xt sect io n o f t his pap er.