上大历年翻译真题

2012英语翻译基础第一项：术语解释，20分，5个1.G202.经济适应房3.和而不同4.工业“三废”5.保障性住房问答题：用自己的话说说翻译中对待source text要注意哪些factors 10分What factors do u think should be taken into consideration in translating a source text第二项：汉译英 60分统筹战时医学教育的问题抗日战争是一场全民族的战争。

全国人民，不论男女，不论老少，不论南北，都有保卫国土的责任。

抗战是涉及到多方面的因素，其中医疗救治是一个重要部分。

不论是前方在战场上浴血奋战的战士，还是流离失所的难民和无家可归的群众，他们都需要药品，防疫等。

抗战中的医学教育机构也要承担很多责任。

有些学校对抗战很热，把所有的教授，学生和设备都运到前线和大后方的医院，以至于学校处于停顿状体。

有些学校为了保存实力，从甲地移往乙地，从乙地移往丙地，以致于大部分老师和学生都几乎成为逃难的难民，所经受的艰苦不言自明。

有的学校很不负责任，依旧照常运行，丝毫不受战争的影响，这些学校对国家一点都负责任。

战时需要大量的医护人员，而原本就紧缺的医护人员远不能满足战争的紧急需要，医学教育机构和学院要在最短的时间内培养出大批医护人员。

1938年12月，颜福庆在《中华医学杂志》上发表了“战时医学教育问题”，这篇文章为当时的医学教育政策做了纲领性的阐述。

颜福庆指出：“战时的医学教育问题是一个非常重要的问题，应该做统筹规划，但是政府却没有这么做。

医学教育机构也有责任培养医护人员。

一方面，医学教育机构要注重正常的教学和运行，另一方面，他们必须承担对国家的责任。

此处省略百余字。

（颜福庆是当时医学界的主要人物，复旦大学的这篇文章像是品论他的贡献）第三项：英译汉60分The Tell-Tale Heart（Edgar Allan Poe）2013英语翻译基础第一题，共4个词汇，共20分1、文化软实力cultural soft power2、文化自觉cultural consciousness3、贴近群众、贴近生活、贴近实际4、《食品安全法》food safety law.5、《反不当竞争法》anti-unfair competition law第二题，问答，10分what do you think of the statement that defferent styles of texts call for defferent approaches to translate?对于不同风格的文体要采取不同的翻译技巧，你如何认为？我自己写了翻译的过程是什么，understanding ，expressing，checking，然后说明在翻译过程中对于文体的确定是很重要的。

因为必须首先确定文体，然后才可以选择适当的单词，句子，等等然后较为详细的列举了legal translation 和civil engineering translation需要注意的问题.然后又说了literature translation 和business translation 等等需要不同的译法和风格。

第三题，翻译汉译英：讲的是人力资源服务业和十八大之间的种种关系。

讲到了服务业的作用，以及十八大、十二五规划对人力资源的促进作用。

英译汉：Every family has its own holiday traditions. In the Brown household, Christmas was always a time of delicious food, sing-alongs, colorful gifts, and mysterious codes.Yes, codes.When I was a kid, no Christmas morning was complete without the annual treasure hunt. When the last present under the Christmas tree had been opened, my siblings and I knew that there still remained one "big" present hidden somewhere in the house for us to find. Our only hope of locating it was a cryptic clue that traditionally resided in a lone envelope perched high on the tree, out of our reach.One year the envelope contained a particularly mind-boggling treasure hunt that my brother, sister and I still recall as The "TOCEP" Christmas Mystery. (In fact, this treasure hunt directly inspired the scene on page 111 of The Da Vinci Code.) That was the year we had a foreign exchange student living with us. Bea was South African and understandably was somewhat overwhelmed by the frenzied anticipation that led up to an American Christmas. Nonetheless, she embraced the decorating, singing, and cooking with a zeal that made the holidays doubly special for us that year. So it was with great happiness, on Christmas morning, after all the presents were opened, that my parents handed Bea the mysterious envelope and explained to her the Brown tradition of a Christmas Quest.Looking amazed that such a tradition could exist, Bea excitedly opened the envelope. The poem inside announced that this year's quest involved locating five letters of the alphabet, which had been hidden around the house. According to the poem’s final stanza, the first letter we needed to find was "T."You seek a letter in a nook(It's very hard to see).But of the places you might look,There’s just one spot for "T."Only one spot for T?My little brother Greg was the first to figure it out. He leapt up and dashed into the kitchen. We all ran after him as he retrieved a stool, dragged it into the breakfast nook, climbed up onto the counter, and grabbed the canister in which my mother kept her tea bags. Sure enough, inside was a note card emblazoned with theletter "T."Brilliant!Along with the letter "T" we found another clue, which ingeniously guided us down to the basement where we found the letter "O" taped to an O-shaped Hoola Hoop.Again, fiendishly clever!From there more clues led us all over the house. In the kitchen we found the letter "C" stuffed in a Vitamin C container. In the mud-room, the letter "E" was hidden inside my Exeter baseball cap (bearing that same letter).By then, we had located four letters (T-O-C-E), and still we felt no closer to understanding our mysterious prize. We hoped the fifth and final letter would make it all come clear. The final clue, however, was baffling.The final letter in your quest,Is simple as can be.It's hidden in a special roomQuite natural for a "P."A special room quite natural for a P?I looked in the pantry around the canned peas. Nothing.My little brother checked his bedroom for his Phillies cap. Nothing.A natural place for "P"?It was Beatrice, our exchange student (having learned a good amount of American slang), who suddenly gasped, jumped to her feet, and dashed up the stairs. For a moment, my siblings and I thought she was ill... but then we heard her shriek with joy. We raced upstairs to find Bea in the bathroom, laughing hysterically and pointing into the toilet. We peered inside, and there, to our enormous delight, we found the letter "P" taped inside the toilet bowl."P" in the toilet!The joke left all four of us kids rolling on the floor in hysterics. Surely my parents had to be the two funniest people alive. Finally, when we all could breathe again, we hurried back to the living room to decipher the meaning of these five mysterious lettersT-O-C-E-P?We spread the letters out on the living room floor and stared at them.T...O...C...E...P?They meant nothing to us.It was my younger sister Valerie who saw it first. She drew a startled breath and spun to my parents in disbelief. "No!" she exclaimed. "Really?"My parents were beaming. "Really. We leave tomorrow morning."The rest of us kids watched in rapt animation as little Valerie victoriously rearranged the five letters TOCEP.... to spell one magical word: EPCOT. Instantly, all four kids were dancing around the room, whooping for joy, chanting "Epcot! Epcot!" Even our exchange student Bea had heard of Walt Disney World's Epcot Center, and she joined in the dance. It was a dream come true. The very next morning, we all boarded a plane for Epcot.It was the best Christmas ever.2014英语翻译基础1.中国梦2.立党为公，执政为民3.世情、国情、党情4.PRISM英译汉：Introduction: The Cooling of the SoupIn the Department of Manuscripts at the British Library is a sheet of geometrical notes by Leonardo da Vinci.It is one of his last pieces of writing: it probably dates from 1518, the year before he died. The paper is adingy grey but the ink remains clear. There are some diagrams, and beside them a neatly blocked text writtenin his habitual, right-to-left ‘mirror-script’. It is not, on the face of it, one of Leonardo’s most exciting manuscripts, unless you happen to be an aficionado of Renaissance geometry. But it repays attention: it has a little twist in its tail. Three-quarters of the way d own the page the text breaks off with an abrupt ‘etcetera’. The last line looks like part of the theorem – the handwriting has hardly wavered at all –but what it actually says is ‘perche la minesstra si fredda’. He has left off writing ‘because the soup is getting cold’.There are other small nuggets of domestic detail in Leonardo’s manuscripts, but this is the one I like best. It is not that it tells us a great deal: that Leonardo ate a bowl of lukewarm soup on a day in 1518 hardly qualifies as an important piece of biographical data. What seems to make it special is a quality of surprise, of casualness. Into the dry abstractions of his geometrical studies has intruded this moment of simple, daily humanity. One sees an old man at a table, intently writing. In another room one sees a bowl of soup, intently steaming. Probably it is vegetable soup, for in later life Leonardo was a vegetarian. Probably it has been cooked by his serving-woman, Mathurine, to whom he would soon bequeath a ‘coat of fine black cloth lined with fur’ in recognition of her ‘good service’.2 Is it she who calls to Leonardo da Vinci to tell him his soup is getting cold? He continues to write for a few moments longer –the time it takes to write ‘perche la minesstra sifredda’ – and then he puts down his pen.There is also a hint of foreboding. As far as one can tell he never did return to these notes, and so this minor interruption seems to foreshadow the more definitive one soon to come. We might call this undistinguishedlooking page ‘Leonardo’s last theorem’–yet another unfinished project. The great enterprise of inquiry and exposition to which he has devoted his life tails off with this throwaway joke, this one-liner about the imperatives of dinner-time.For the biographer, such glimpses behind the scenes are heartening. Leonardo was an extraordinary man, but his life constantly intersected with ordinariness, and it is perhaps at those points of intersection that the biographer – that emissary sent out from the ordinary world –can make some kind of contact with him. There are all those complexities and profundities and world-famous paintings to grapple with, all those things that make Leonardo uniquely Leonardo, but here at least he is, for amoment, someone much like the rest of us.The Eagleby Alfred,Lord TennysonHe clasps the crag with crooked hands;Close to the sun in longly lands,Ringed with the azure world,he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls:He watches from his mountain wall,And like a thunderblot he falls.它有钩的双爪紧紧抓着羼岩在荒凉之地与太阳为伴万里碧空绕着他周环它从高高的山墙上傲然俯视死盯着大海蠕动的神逸陡飞下来迅疾似霹雳2015英语翻译基础（第一问）：说出几个翻译方法与策略并加以比较（第二问）：写出你认为国内五个比较有代表性的翻译家及其作品汉译英：关于随着人民生活水平提高，对生态环境的要求更高了，中国也在采取一系列措施建设生态文明。