英语专业八级人文知识二十一篇
专八人文知识讲义完整版
人文知识讲义2004年2月全国英语考试专业教学指导委员会修订专八考试大纲，2005年正式实施，开始新增人文知识的内容。
主要包括：英语国家概括、英语语言文学知识、和英语语言学知识。
测试要求：1 英语国家地理、历史、文化、教育等等。
4题。
主要考察英国、美国必有（地理、历史、文化和政治），加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰概括，爱尔兰没有出现，2 英语文学知识。
3题。
文学部分英美文学作家作品，流派、文学贡献也会出现，及格律3 英语语言学知识。
3题。
语言学基本概念，及其代表理论、代表著作注意：人文一般不会考很偏的知识第一章英语国家概况第一节美国地理：东南西北地理位置、人口3亿（人口最多的是加州、德州、纽约州、佛罗里达州等，主要为印第安人，首先移民到此是英国人和荷兰人）、星条旗为国旗（13和50）、国徽白头鹰、国歌《星条旗永不落》（1931年通过）、首都华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，属于中央政府管理。
50州，最大阿拉斯加，最小罗得岛州，美国本土最大德克萨斯州。
美国又称为Uncle Sam（1961年美国国会正式承认），国花为玫瑰Rose。
美国本土共分为6大地区：New England：6州，最重要为马萨诸塞州（波士顿）、罗德岛州（普罗维登斯）和新罕布什尔（康科德）。
总统大选初选开始于新罕布什尔。
1 美国诞生地和独立战争的主要战场。
2 波士顿美国最古老的城市，有麻省理工学院和哈佛。
波士顿的龙虾很有名3 新英格兰人又称为yankees.the Middle Atlantic States: 7州、最重要的为纽约州、宾州、新泽西州和马里兰州。
1 白宫和国会山在华盛顿特区。
2 纽约是美国最大的城市，联合国大厦等等著名建筑在此。
共有5个区：分别是曼哈顿、皇后、布鲁克林、布朗克斯和斯塔滕岛。
有帝国大厦和自由女神像。
哥伦比亚大学和康奈尔大学。
纽约称为big apple。
3 尼亚加拉大瀑布在纽约州的水牛城。
4 葛底斯堡位于宾州，林肯曾在此发表过演讲。
专八人文知识总结(终)
11、E.M．Forster: 《通往印度之路》
12、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳：Widowers' Houses《鳏夫的房产》，Heartbreak House《伤心之家》，Mrs. Warren's Profession《华伦夫人的职业》
4、Ballads 民谣：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。
三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）
1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔： Utopia《乌托邦》
2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。
2、 Coleridge柯勒律治：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》Christabel《克里斯特贝尔》, Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》
3、 Southey骚赛：桂冠诗人；
4、 George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦： Don Juan《唐璜》
悲观时期： David Copperfield《董贝父子》，David Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔》
后期：Bleak House《荒凉山庄》，Hard Times《艰难时世》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》，Great Expectations《远大前程》
14、Thackeray萨克雷：Vanity Fair《名利场》
2、Yeats叶芝：爱尔兰使人 《芦苇的风》《库尔的野天鹅》《驶向拜占庭》。
英语专业八级人文常识
1.密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线2.美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the UnitedStates Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court3.Louisiana，路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。
4.The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。
5.typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。
冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。
6.automobile industry，底特律是美国著名的汽车城7.John Fitzgerald Kennedy肯尼迪是美国的第35任总统8.美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州Massachusetts, 麻省的首府是波士顿9.美国南北的分界线是密苏里河The Missouri River10.华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图 . 华盛顿特区位于波托马克河Potomac上11.美国内战爆发于1861年，结束于1865年12.美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯•杰弗逊13.华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。
14.New Deal新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的15.The Bill of Rights consists of 10 amendments added to the Constitution in1791人权法案是于1791年增补到宪法法案上来的前十条修正案16.soybeans and corn美国出产占世界一半的是大豆和玉米17.The Age of Visual Information开创人类视觉信息革命的重大发明是电视机18.美国的许多政治观念都是来源于英国著名哲学家约翰•洛克John Locke19.曼哈顿是纽约市的著名经济和商业区，也是纽约的中心地带20.好莱坞和迪士尼均位于洛杉矶Los Angles21.Newsweek《新闻周刊》是美国的报纸，而The International Herald Tribune《国际先驱论坛》是法国的，The Guardian《卫报》和The Daily Telegraph 《每日电讯》为英国的。
英语专业八级考试 人文知识复习
英语专业八级考试人文知识复习：美国地理概况本文针对英语专业八级考试的人文知识部分，总结了美国国家的主要地理概况，希望对同学们有所帮助。
The Fall Line瀑布线：A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one.瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。
The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉：1200 miles long，consists of the Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Plateaus and Appalachian Range.阿巴拉契亚山脉全场1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亚高原及阿巴拉契亚山脉组成。
The Cordillera Range科迪勒拉山脉：Composed of the Coast Range, the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains.科迪勒拉山脉由海岸山脉、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山组成。
The Great Basin大盆地：The Part between the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus.指的是科罗拉多和哥伦比亚高地之间的部分。
The Great Central Plain中部大平原：The land mass between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亚山之间的平原。
The Great Plain大平原：The western part of the central plain.大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。
The Mississippi River密西西比河：The longest, the most important river in the U.S.A. . It has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers.密西西比河是美国最长、最重要的河流。
英语专业八级人文知识
第一章美国概况1.概述American Anthem (国歌)：The star-spangled banner星光灿烂的旗帜American Flag（国旗）: 星条旗美国地理著名山脉河流The Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉)The Great Centeral plain(中部大平原)：落基山和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间的平原。
The Rocky Mountains(洛基山脉)：“the backbone of the continent”, 6,187 meter high, in the middle of the Alaska.其被称为北美大陆的脊梁，大陆分水岭。
The Cordillera Range (西部科迪勒拉山区)：洛基山脉等。
The Mississippi River (密西西比河)：美国最长、最重要的河流。
世界上第三长的大陆河流（第一长：非洲尼罗河；第二长：南美洲的亚马逊河。
）Missouri river是其最长的分支。
其被称作：“Father of Waters”“Old Man River)五大湖：从西到东：都位于美国东北部。
其是世界上最大的淡水湖群，有“美洲大陆地中海”之称。
Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖，为世界最大淡水湖)，Lake Michigan(密执安胡，五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内)，Lake Huron(休伦湖)，Lake Erie (伊利湖)，Lake Ontario（安大略湖）The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)：在伊利湖和安大略湖之间。
Yellowstone National Park(黄石国家公园)Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)位于纽约湾美国主要行政区和它们的首府和主要城市：地区概述：“美国”的表达有五种：The United States of American/ American /The states/the U.S.A./Uncle Sam美国全国分为50个州和一个特区（哥伦比亚特区，即首都华盛顿所在地）本土有48个州，另外的两个海外州是：阿拉斯加（首府：Juneau朱诺）和夏威夷（Hawaii，主产：甘蔗和菠萝，最重要产业：旅游业，首府：Honolulu火奴鲁鲁。
英语专业八级人文知识（总结）
英语专业⼋级⼈⽂知识（总结）⼈⽂知识英语国家社会与⽂化考题回顾：1999 年:1. The Observer2. The geographical location of North America3. The old universities in U.K.4. Westminster Palace2000年:1.The titles of English nobility2.The features of Irish landscape3.The longest river in Britain4.The legislative branch in U.K.5.The Hundred Years’ War2001年:1.The founding of Harvard2.The settlement of Anglo-Saxons3.The official name of U.K.4.The economic activity of Canada2002年:1.Wall Street—the financial center2.Big Ben, Benjamin Hall3.The compulsory education in U.K.4.Three branches of U.S.A. government2003年:1.The location of California2.British news agency3.The founding fathers of U.S.A.4.The geography of Canada2004年:1.1920s in U.S.A.2.The largest river in U.S.A.3.The discovery of the New World4.The first settlement in America2005年:1.The capital city of Canada2.How long the U.S. President serves3.The important cities in U.S.A.4.The state church in England2006年:1.The President in the Civil War2. The capital city of New Zealand3. The natives of Australia4. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of the Cabinet2007年:1. The origin of the current British population2. The Head of State of Canada is represented by the Governor-general3. The author of the Declaration of Independence4. The original inhabitants of Australia2008年:1.The largest city in Canada.2.The legislative branch of the U.S. government3.The oldest sport in U.S.A.4.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand2009年:1.The Head of State of New Zealand2.The capital of Scotland3.The author of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. president4.The cities located on the eastern coast of Australia.2010年1. The British Constitution2. The first city in Canada3. The founding of Australian Federation4. The Emancipation ProclamationThe United Kingdom地理、⼈⼝及基本事实:1. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Geographical Names: British Isles, Great Britain and England2. Geographical position: the English Channel3. Four political divisions: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff), Northern Ireland (Belfast)4. The Commonwealth: a free association of independent countries, from 1931 to 1991, 50 member nations4. Rivers and Lakes: the longest—the Severn; Thames—the second longest and the most important; River Clyde—the most important in Scotland; Lough Neagh—the largest lake5. Mountains: Ben Nevis (the highest); Scafell (the highest in England); Snowdonia (the highest in Wales)6. The People: English (Anglo-Saxons); (the Celts) Welsh; Scottish; Irish.7. Eisteddfodau—the annual festival for Welsh poetry, music, singing and art历史备考点:The Origins of a Nation1. The first known settlers—Iberians2. The Celts (700 B.C.): three waves—Gaels; Brythons; Belgae3. Romans:Julius Caesar; Claudius (43AD, successful invasion); Christianity4. The Anglo-Saxons: Three Germanic tribes (Jutes, Anglos, Saxons)The foundation of the English state—shires; narrow-strip, three-field farming system; the manorial system; the Witan (贤⼈会议)5. The Viking and Danes:Alfred the Great—“the father of the British navy”; translate into English Ecclesiastical History of the English People (英国⼈民教会史)；established schools; formulate a legal system6. The Norman Conquest: 1066, the best-known event in English history, William the Conqueror; the establishment of the feudal system; the introduction of Norman French culture, language, manners and architecture; closer connection with RomeThe Shaping of the Nation1. The Great Charter: 1215, King John, 63 clauses. The statement of the relationship between the Crown and the baron; a guarantee of the freedom of the Church; a limitation of the power of the king (the spirit of the Great Charter or Magna Carta)2. All Estates Parliament—Simon de Montfort, 1265, the Great Council, the House of Lords, the House of Commons, the beginning of Parliament3. Black Death: the deadly epidemic disease; the 14th century; reduced the population from 4 million to 2 million;4. The Hundred Years’ War (1337—1453): blessing for both countries,4. The Peasant Uprising: 1381, Wat Tyler (killed) and Jack Straw; a telling blow to villeinage.Transition to the Modern Age1. The Wars of Roses (1455-1485): the battles between Lancaster (red rose) and York (white rose); Henry Tudor (the descendant of Duke of Lancaster) won, thus the rule of Tudors; the death blow to feudalism.2. The English Reformation: (1529-1534) Henry VIII, began with a struggle for divorce (Catherine of Aragon) and ended in the freedom from the Papacy; an independent Church of England; the king—the Supreme Head of the Church of England.3. Bloody Mary: 300 Protestants; the French port of Calais4. Elizabeth I: the defeat of Armada (the Spanish fleet)5. The English Renaissance: (rebirth) largely artistic; Elizabethan Drama (Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson and William Shakespeare)6. The Divine Rights of Kings: Charles I7. The Civil Wars (1642-1651): between the Cavaliers (the king’s men) and Roundheads (the Parliamentary supporters); Oliver Cromwell (New Model Army) (Lord Protector); the Puritan Revolution; overthrew the feudal system; the beginning ofthe modern history8. The Restoration; the return of Charles II from his exile in France;9. The Glorious Revolution: 1688, the smooth takeover of English throne by William ofOrange, replacing James II (a Catholic king, the brother of Charles II), with no bloodshed, nor execution of the king.10. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605: Guy Fawkes (Catholic) planted barrels of gun-powder in the cellar of the Parliament; the execution of Fawkes; a national annual celebration (bonfire and firework display)The British Empire1. Whigs and Tories (the forerunner of the Conservative Party)2. The Enclosure Movement:3. The Industrial Revolution: the mechanization of industry; the late 18th and early 19th century; after the revolution, by 1830,“the workshop of the world”; the industrial working class—the proletariat4. The Chartist Movement (1836-1848)—“the first broad, really mass, political formed, proletarian revolutionary movement”(Lenin)5. The Labor Party—the Independent Labor Party(the origin); then the Labor Representation Committee; the Labor Party (1906).6. The first colony—Newfoundland, 15837. The East Indian Company: 1600, the economic penetration; 1858, ruled by the British crown; 1877, Queen Victoria, Empress of India.8. The Opium War: 18409. WWI: the Central Power (Germany and Austria-Hungary); the “Allies”(Britain, France and Russia); The Treaty of Versailles (1919); the League of Nations10. The Roaring Twenties: women with cropped hair and short dresses; two imports from America: jazz, silent films11. The Swinging Sixties—the permissive age; pop music (the Beatles turned their hometown of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage)12. 1973: a full member of the European Economic Committee13. Thatcherism: the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher (the iron lady), the return to private ownership of the state-owned industries, the strengthening of the role of market forces, and an emphasis on law and order.14. The Statute of Westminster (1931)政治1. The Constitutional Monarchy2. The monarch: the symbol of the whole nation, the head of the executive, head of judiciary, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England.3. The components of the English Parliament: the Sovereign, the House of Lords (the oldest part of the Parliament) and the House of Commons (the real center of power in the Parliament) (651 members of Parliament); the maximum duration—five years4. The British Constitution: unwritten, including statute law, common law and conventions.5. Prime Minister—the leader of the majority party; the Cabinet—the core of leadership6. The Official Opposition—the party which wins the second largest number of seats, the“shadow cabinet”7. Downing Street No. 10—the official residence of the Prime Minister8. The Speaker—presiding over the House and enforcing the rules of order教育,社会,⽂化传统1. NHS—the National Health Service, a full range of medical services, the largest single employer of labor in U.K.2. Established religion: the Church of England (the Sovereign as the “Defender of Faith”) (changes only with the consent of the Parliament); the Presbyterian in Scotland3. Football: soccer, 19th century4. Rugby—invented at Rugby school in Warwich shire in the 19th century5. Cricket—the most typical English sport6. The home of golf is Scotland7. Magazines and newspapers: the Spectator; the Times; the Economist8. The most famous music and art festival in Britain9. Easter: the resurrection of Christ, the first Sunday after the first full moon after the spring equinox10. Hogmanay—Scottish New Year’s Eve11. Boxing Day: December 26th, the gift to give “Christmas boxes”, or gifts of money, to servants or tradesmanIreland1.The Emerald Isle: rich green countryside2.The largest river—the Shannon River3.Two official languages: Irish, English4.National Day: March 17th, St. Patrick’s Day (the arrival of St. Patrick—the mostimportant event in Irish history)5.Parliament: the House of Representatives (Dail Eireann); the Senate (Seanad)6.The two political parties: Fianna Fail; Fine Gael7.The oldest university in Ireland: the University of Dublin8.Roman Catholics: 93% of the Irish population9.Ulysses: James Joyce’s masterpieceThe United States of America:地理, ⼈⼝及基本事实1.The Rocky Mountains—the backbone the continent2.The Mississippi—the world’s third longest continental river, “Father of Waters”,“Old Man River”.3.The Five Great Lakes: Huron; Ontario; Michigan; Erie; Superior4.The Niagara Falls—between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie5.Yellowstone National Park—the oldest national park in the world and the largestwildlife preserve in the U.S.A.6.The Statute of Liberty—New York Harbor7.Grand Canyon—the state of Arizona8.Alaska and Hawaii—the two newest states in USA9.Alaska—the largest state in area; Rhode Island—the smallest; Texas—the largeststate on the mainland10.New England—the birthplace of America11.The nickname of the U.S.A.: Yankees1600—1900:1. The discoverer of America2. Magellan3. The 13 colonies4. May Flower5. Stamp Tax6. The Boston Tea Party7. The First Continental Congress8. The Second Continental Congress9. The beginning of the War of Independence10. The turning point of the War of Independence11. The Treaty of Paris12. The Constitutional Convention13. The Bill of Rights:14. The turning point of the Civil War15. Lincoln16. The Louisiana Territory17. The Westward Movement:18. KKK: Ku Klux Klan, terrorized and attacked the black, progressives, Communists and social party members. 1900—1945:1. The “Open Door Policy”—Theodore Roosevelt2. The 1920s—material success and spiritual frustration, confusion and purposelessness3. The Great Depression—1929-1933, the stock market crash, from prosperity to bleak despair,3. “N ew deal”—to save American democracy and capitalist system, social security systems,4. WWI—pro-Ally partiality5. Isolationism—1930s, to keep the U.S. out of the war in Europe and Asia6. WWII—(guiding principles) establish postwar political structure in accordance with American interests and; prevent Soviet Union from over-expansion1945—:1. The containment policy2. The Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King (non-violence) and Malcolm X(violence)3. The Sino-US relations: 1972, the Shanghai (Joint) Communique; 1979, the diplomatic relations was established4. The Vietnam War5. Baby-boomer: 1946-1961, helped to bring an end to the Vietnam War5. The Counterculture Movement6. The New Frontier.7. The Watergate Scandal—Nixon, the first to resign in American history8. New Right conservatism9. Desert Storm政治1. The American constitution; 1787, 1789; the oldest written constitution; principles—rule by law: popular sovereignty; separation of power; judicial review; civilian supremacy in military matters; protection of individual rights and federalism2. The Bill of Rights3. The Separation of three powers: Congress (the legislative branch); President (the executive branch); the judicial branch4. The Congress: the Senate (2 members from each state) (vice president as the president of the Senate 副总统为参议院议长); the House of Representatives (based on population) (the presiding officer—the Speaker of the House众议院主持官员)5. The President can appoint the federal court judges, preside over the government, sign and veto laws passed by the Congress;6. Impeachment7. The judicial branch: the Supreme Court; the circuit court of appeals (巡回上诉法院); district court8. The bipartisanship (the two party system)—the Republican; the Democratic The emblem of the two parties9. The Democratic: Anti-Federalists; Thomas Jefferson; greater federal involvement in economic issues and less state’s rights10. The Republican: a less powerful central government; more rights to the states11. “Winner-take-all” principle: applied in all states except Maine教育,社会,⽂化传统1. The higher education: two-year colleges, four-year colleges and universities.2. The best research universities: Harvard (1636), Yale, Princeton, Columbia, MIT (on the east); Stanford, Berkeley (on the west)—private.3. Three functions of the higher education: teaching, research and public service.4. The age of the students admitted by schools: 65. Graded schools: elementary schools (grades 1—8); high school (9—12).6. No national system of education, the state establishes policies for the education within its boundary7. Three main types of popular music: Jazz (U.S.’unique contribution to music);Rock-and-roll; the Western Country music.8. “The Lost Generation”9. Nationally observed holiday of America10. Important cities:Washington D.C.(1800, John Adams ordered the transfer of the capital from Philadelphia to Washington D.C.);New York City (city of the world; Times Square; the United Nations; Manhattan—the heart of the city; Wall Street; Broadway); Chicago—the second largest city; “Great Center Market of U.S.”San Francisco—the Golden Gate BridgeLos Angeles—Hollywood and DisneylandPhiladelphia—the city for two Continental Congress; the capital city from 1790 to 1800 Huston—“the Pearl in the Gulf”; “the Space City of the U.S.A.”Detroit—the motor city;11. Independence Day: July 4th, the birthday of the nation;12. Halloween: October 31st, “Trick or Treat”;13. Thanksgiving Day: a typical American holiday; (began with) the Pilgrims; the first celebrated on December 13th, 1621.14. Veterans’ Day: (or the Armistice Day); (celebrated) the signing of 1918 Armistice15. The plane—1903, the Wright brothers16. Newspaper and magazines: the New York Times; Washington Post; the Los Angeles Times; the Wall Street Journal; Time; Newsweek; Readers’ DigestCanada1.The National Day: July 1 (1867)2.The origin of the name “Canada”: “kanata”, a settlement, Indian3.The national flag: Maple Leaf Flag, white square in the centre, a red stylized11-pointed maple leaf4.Two discoverers of Canada: John Cabot (Newfoundland, east coast); JacquesCartier (the St. Lawrence river)5.Official languages: Bilingualism—English, French; the official Language Act (1969)6.Important cities: Ottawa (the capital, the 4th largest city); Vancouver (the thirdlargest city, ice-free harbor); Montreal (the second largest city); Toronto (the largest city, Toronto university—the largest university)7.Seven Years’ War: 1756-1763; between France (defeated) and England8.Quebec: the largest province; strong French culture9.The Constitutional Act of 1791: Upper Canada (English law and constitution);Lower Canada (French law and institutions)10.The British North America Acts in 1867: the dominion; the Statute of Westminster in1931: independence.11.The Parliament: the Crown, the Senate and the House of Commons12.Constitution: partly written, partly unwritten, including fundamental acts, customsand parliamentary traditions of British originAustralia1. “T he Land Down Under”.2. Australia’s National Day: January 26 (1788), the date of the first European settlement of the continent3. Great Barrier Reef: the longest coral reef in the world, from southern Queensland to the Gulf of Papua4. National flower: wattle; national bird: lyrebird5. Important cities: Canberra (the capital); Sydney (New South Wales); Melbourne (Victoria); Brisbane (Queensland); Adelaide (South Australia); Perth (West Australia); Hobart (Tasmania); Darwin (the Northern Territory);6. 1901: the Commonwealth of Australia; 1931: independence, the Statute of Westminster 《威斯敏斯特法案》7. Elementary education: 5-11; secondary education: 11-188. Animals: koala; kangaroos9. William Dampier: the first Englishman to reach Australia, the author of the book A New V oyage Around the World; James Cook: the English put Australia on map, British colony;10. Convicts from Britain11. Multiculturalism: coined in Canada in 1960s, adopted by Australia in 1973, emphasizing the unique characteristics of different cultures in the world .12. Politics: a written Constitution; Legislature: the Queen, the House of Representatives, the Senate13. The gold rushes: 1850s, the discoveries of gold in New South Wales and Victoria New Zealand1.National Day: December 6th, 1840, the anniversary of the signing of the Treaty ofWaitangi, Waitangi Day2.The land of the long white cloud3.Cities: Auckland (the largest city, the North Island), Wellington (the capital, theNorth Island)4.Official languages: English, Maori5.Haka: a dance performed to daunt the enemy and to prepare warriors for the battle6.The International Date Line—just west of the line, the first country to get the newday7.fault line: the cause of the frequent earthquakes8.The Kiwis: the national symbol, the name the New Zealanders called themselves9.Abel Tasman: the first European to visitor, who named the area Statenland, laterNieuw Zeeland10.No single written constitution, including parliamentary statutes, judiciary rulings,administrative practices.11.Only one chamber: the House of Representatives12.the world’s biggest farm, the world’s largest exporter of lamb and mutton, diaryproducts。
英语专业八级人文知识
顺序是：Celts--Roman--Anglo Saxon
答案： BBBAD DACAC
Vowel Glide 又称元音过渡，指的是双元音组成的，前一个音为纯元音，后一个音为短促的滑音。 New York City
With a metropolitan population of around 16 million, New York, called the “Big Apple”, is the largest city in the United States, and the financial, manufacturing and transportation center.
7____is the first American professional writer and the first writer of detective story in the world.
A Ezra Pound B Washington Irving C Nathaniel Hawthorne D Edgar Ellen Poe
A novels B poems C short stories D dramas
6.The island of Lilliput can be found in ___
A Robinson Grusoe B Gulliver's Travels C Adventures of Tome Sawyer D Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
专八英语人文知识
专八英语人文知识专八英语人文知识引导语：专八英语人文知识精选，希望能够帮助到您，谢谢您的阅读。
Colonial America 殖民地时期的美国文学Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩(1737-1809)：The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Sense常识;American Crisis美国危机;Rights of Man:Downfall of Despotism人的权利：****体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(1752-1832)：The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士;The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地Jonathan Edwards 乔纳森·爱德华(1702—1758)：The Freedom of the Will自由意志论;The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended伟哉原罪论辩;The Nature of True Virtue 真美德的性质Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林(1706-1790):A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth致富之道;The Autobiography自传American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义文学Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文(1783-1859)：A History of New York纽约的历史——美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The SketchBook见闻札记;The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说——使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travellers旅客谈;The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀(1789-1851)：The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集：The Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者New England Transcendentalism 新英格兰超验主义文学Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(1803-1882)：Essays:Nature散文集：论自然——新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity:TheOversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说;Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子——首开自由诗之先河Henry David Thoreau 亨利·大卫·梭罗(1817-1862)：Wadden, or Life in the Woods瓦尔登湖，或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience论公民的不服从;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河与梅里麦克河上一周Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗(1807-1882)：The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌——美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poems民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and OtherPoems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事：AnApril Day四月的一天;A Psalm of Life人生礼物;Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚;Poems on Slavery奴役篇Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1804-1864)：Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔：Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(1819-1891)：Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸;Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼(1819-1892)：Leaves of Grass草叶集：Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Doo ryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的`前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song ofMyself自我之歌Emily Dickinson 埃米莉·迪金森(1830-1886)：The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡(1809-1849)：。
专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．The two most important parties in New Zealand are______.A．the National Party and Labor PartyB．the Alliance and New Zealand FirstC．the National Party and the AllianceD．the Alliance and Labor Party正确答案：A解析：新西兰两大主要政党为国民党和工党。
知识模块：人文知识2．Which of the following countries is unicameral in its parliamentary system?A．BritainB．New ZealandC．IrelandD．Canada正确答案：B解析：新西兰的议会为一院制，即只有众议院没有参议院。
知识模块：人文知识3．Among the sports in Canada,______is the sport which Canadians usually enjoy playing most.A．skiingB．basketballC．ice-skatingD．ice hockey正确答案：D解析：加拿大人最热爱的运动是冰球。
知识模块：人文知识4．In Canada, each province is governed under a______and a single elected legislative chamber.A．premierB．governorC．governor generalD．speaker正确答案：A解析：加拿大各省权力掌握在省长和一院制的省立法机关手中。
专八人文文学部分
IndexThe Sixteenth CenturyWilliam ShakespeareThe works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. WorksFirst period: Romeo and Juliet Second Period:1. Hamlet, Prince of Demark2. Othello, the Moor of Venice3. King Lear4. The Tragedy of MacbethThe Seventeenth CenturyPoetry took new and startling forms in Donne and Herbert, and prose became as somber as Burrton‟s Anatomy of Melancholy .The spiritual gloom sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age. This so called gloomy age produced someminor poems of exquisites workmanship, and one of great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people---John Milton, in whom the indomitable Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression.John DrydenAs a critic, poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of the restoration age. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim as to entertain the licentious aristocrats.John Donne1. PoetryFormPart of his poetry is in such classical forms as satires, elegies, and epistles---though it style has anything but classical smoothness---and part is written in lyrical forms of extraordinary variety.Characteristics1.Most of it purports to deal with life, descriptive or experimentally, and the first thing tostrike the reader is Donne‟s extraordinary and penetrating realism.2.The next is the cynicism which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents aconscious reaction from the extreme idealization of woman encouraged by the Patrarchantradition.Love-poemIn his serious love-poems, however, Donne, while not relaxing his grasp on the realities the love experience, suffuses it with an emotional intensity and a spiritualized ardor unique in English poetry.2. SonnetStyleIn moments of inspiration his style becomes wonderfully poignant and direct, heart-searching in its simple human accents, with an originality and force for which we look in vain among the clear and fluent melodies of Elizabethan lyrists.Conceit1.Sometimes the “conceits”, as these extravagant figures are called, are so odd that we losesight of the thing to be illustrated, in the startling nature of the illustration.2.The fashion of conceiting writing, somewhat like euphuism in prose, appeared in Italy andSpain also. Its imaginative exuberance has its parallels in baroque architecture and painting.SongGo and catch a falling star,Get with child a mandrake root,Tell me where all the past years are,Or who cleft the Devil‟s foot,Teach me to hear mermaids singing,Or to keep off envy‟s stinging,And findWhat windServers to advance an honest mind.If thou beest born to strange sights,Things invisible to see,Ride ten thousand days and nights,Till age snow white hairs on thee,Thou, when thou return‟st, wilt tell meAll strange wonders that befell thee,And answerNo whereLives a woman true, and fair,If thou find‟st one, let me know,Such a pilgrimage were sweet,Yet do not, I would no goThough next door we might meet,Though she were true when you met her,And last till you write your letter,Yet sheWill beFalse, ere I come, to two, or three.John MiltonDays in HortonPamphletsParadise Lost1.It represents the author‟s views in an allegorical religious form,2.And the reader will easily discern its basic idea---the exposure of reactionary forces of thistime and passionate appeal for freedom.3.It is based on the biblical legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race---Adamand Eve, and involves God and his eternal adversary, Satan in plot.John BunyanMilton and BunyanBooks helpful for Bunyan significantly1.The books from his wife The Plain Man’s Pathway to Heaven and The Practice of Pietygave fire to his imagination, which he saw new visions and dream terrible new dreams oflost souls.2.Without fully digestion of Bible and Scripture, he was tossed about alike a feather by all thewinds of doctrine.The Pilgrim‟s ProgressBunyan‟s most important work is The Pilgrim’s Progress, written in old fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.The Eighteenth century1. Enlightenment1.1 First representatives of Enlightenment1.2 Founders of novelThe development of industry and trade brought to the foremen of a new stamp, who had to be typified in the new literature.1.3 Innermost life WritersAlong with the depiction of morals and manners and social mode of life the writers of the Enlightenment began to display interest of the inmost life of an individual.2. SentimentalismThe middle of the 18소 century in England sees the inceptions of a new literary current---that of sentimentalism.The sentimentalism came into being as a result of bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social society.The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people. The philosophy of the enlighteners, though rational and materialistic in its essence, did not exclude sense, or sentiments, as a means of perception and learning. Moreover, the cult of nature and, a cult of a “natural man” whose feelings display themselves in a most human and natural manner, contrary to the artful and hypocritical aristocratic---this cult was upheld by the majority of the enlighteners and helped them to fight against privilegesof birth and descent which placed the aristocracy high above common people.But later enlighteners of England having come to the conclusion that, contrary to all reasoning, social injustices, still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore, appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.3. Pre-romanticismAnother conspicuous trend in the English literature of the latter half of the 18소 century was the so-called pre-romanticism. It originated among the conservatives group of men of letters as a reactions against enlightenment and found its most manifest expression in the Gothie novel”, the terms arising from the fact that the greater pa rt of such romance were devoted toEndThe task of upholding revolutionary struggle of the people for their rights in the 18소century was initiated by Robert Burns and later taken up in the 19소 century by the writers of revolutionary romanticism.Daniel DefoeHenry FieldingJonathan SwiftThe eighteenth century in English literature is an age of prose, but because the poetry is very bad but because the prose is very good.Oliver GoldsmithWilliam BlakeThe Romantic PeriodBackgroundIndustrial Revolution and French Revolution had a strong influence in Britain literature. Fighting for “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” also becomes British national spirit.Age of WordsworthLiteratureLake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.William WordsworthGorge Gordon, Lord ByronPercy Bysshe Shelly“Mad Shelly” his schoolmates called him, and in the judgment of the world he remained “mad Shelly” to the end of his life.John KeatsIn 1817 he published a little volume of verse, most of it crude and immature enough, but contain the magnificent sonnet, On First Looking into Chapman‘s Homer, which reveals one source of his inspiration. From the first his imagination has turned out to the old Greek work with instinctive sympathy; and he now choose as the subject for a long time narrative poem the story of Endymion, the Latmian shepherd beloved by the moon-goodness.Endymion was published in 1818. The exordium of poem, the Hymn to Pan in the opening episode, and a myriad other lines and short passages are worthy of the Keats that was to be; but as a whole Endymion is chaotic, and cloyed with ornament. Nobody knew better than Keats himself.Great odes including On Melancholy, On a Grecian Urn, To Psyche, and To a Nightingale had done wonders in deepening and strengthening his gift. In turning from Spenser and Ariosto the great masculine poets of the seventeenth century, Shakespeare, Webster, Milton, and Dryden, he had found the iron which was lacking in his earlier intellectual food, and had learned the lessons of artistic calmness and severity, without sacrifice of the mellow sweetness native to him; to charm, he had added strength.Walter ScottWalter Scott is the creator an d a great master of the historical novel. Scott‟s novels give a panoramaof feudal society from its early stages to its downfall. The writer describes the different phases of this epoch: the Crusades, the rise of absolute monarchy, the bourgeois revolution in England, the attempts to restore feudalism in the 18소 century.Scott‟s novels were written from a definite class standpoint. Despite his aristocratic inclination, Scott was greatly interested in fate of the people, of the patriarchal peasant in particular, portraying the decay of their mode of life by the onslaught of industrial capitalism. Scott‟s historical approach to life was a result of the great changes wrought by the industrial revolution in England and the first bourgeois revolution in France. A contemporary of these events, the writer learnt from the lessons given by the history of his time that one cannot understand history without taking into account the role of the masses of the people.The central heroes of Scott‟s novels are young men of valor. They are usually of noble birth. It is noteworthy however, that these heroes appear in the novels as common men, poor, persecuted and faced with innumerable hardship. They are thrown into comradery with men in the ordinary rank of life and often establish a close friendship with them (Ivanhoe and others). In the end Scott‟s heroes acquire their titles and return to the prosperous life of the ruling class. Taken as whole, Scott‟s main hero is rather spastically, lacking in virility and lacking dept of psychological characterization.Scott‟s novel is the c onsummation and development of two different trends of the English literature of the 18소and the beginning of the 19소centuries: that pertaining to the realistic novel of H. Fielding and T.G. Smollett and of the earlier 19th century realists, such as Jane Austen and others on the one hand, and that of the so-called Gothic novel of the pre-romanticists, such as H. Walpole and A. Radcliff and of whole romantic school of poetry on the other.The great realists of the 19th century made use of, and developed, the method of a realistic presentation of the past in their description and treatment of contemporary life. Thus we may say that Walter Scott‟s historical novel paved the path for the development of the realistic novel of the 19th century.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语专业八级人文知识二十一篇/yingyu/73/n-130173.html英语专业八级人文知识二十一篇（1）美国概况1 The world-famous Harvard University is in _____.A. MassachusettsB. New YorkC. WashingtonD.C. D. Maine2 Which of the following statements about American education is wrong?A. Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsoryB. Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals.C. There are more public colleges and universities than the private onesD. Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor’s degree.3 _____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment.A BroadwayB Wall StreetC The Fifth AvenueD Times Square4 ____ is not a tourist attraction in the United States.A Yellowstone National ParkB Grand CanyonC St. Patrick’s CathedralD Stonehenge5 ____ was an actor before he became the President.A Ronald ReaganB Abraham LincolnC Herbert HooverD Jimmy Carter6 New Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans.A HippiesB YankeesC Uncle SamD Brother Jonathan7 On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _____, which housed the government then.A New YorkB Washington D.C.C PhiladelphiaD Boston8 Which of the following people was not an American President?A John HancockB John AdamsC John Q. AdamsD Jimmy Carter9 Henry Fond was the first man to _____.A design a planeB fly an aeroplaneC mass-productionD design and make a car10 “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, … ”were the words by _____.A Thomas JeffersonB Abraham LincolnC Andrew JohnsonD Theodore Roosevelt练习题答案及题解:1 A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。
2 C, 在美国，私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。
象麻省理工，耶鲁大学，哈佛大学都是私立的。
3 A, 百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道，其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近，周围云集了几十家剧院，上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。
4 D, Stonehenge 在英国，是古代城池的遗迹。
5 A, 里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影。
6 B, Yankees 一词具有丰富的含义。
现在用于代表美国人，俗称美国佬。
在美国南部，Yankee 是指美国北部各州的居民，即北方佬；而对多数美国人来说，Yankee 意味着新英格兰人。
7 A, 1789年George Washington 在纽约宣誓就职，1790年首都迁往费城。
1800年以后定都华盛顿。
8 A, John Hancock，因其当时在《独立宣言》上的签名很大，他的名字在美语里变成了签名的代名词。
9 C, Henry Ford 早期是一名技师，虽然没有发明汽车，但他是第一位批量生产汽车的人。
10 B, 这是Abraham Lincoln 于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士墓举行落成仪式上发表的著名的《葛底斯堡演说》的片语。
英语专业八级人文知识二十一篇（2）美国概况1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest writt en constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。
2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
3 .Non-hispanics white，非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。
4 .African Americans，2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。
2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。
5 .America，美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。
6. World War II，第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。
7. Six years，美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。
8. Public，大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。
9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.10 .Louisana，路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。
英语专业八级人文知识二十一篇（3）美国概况1 Of the fifty states of America, _____states now have the death penalty as punishment.2 The four major regions of the United Sates are_________________.3 ______ region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.4 ______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.5＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for_____6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_____.7 The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a _____climate.8 To the west of mainland American lies the _____ Ocean.9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____.10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_____.练习题答案及题解:1．38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。
2 ．Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。
3．The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。
4 ．California，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。
5 ．American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。